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Delhi District Court

State vs . on 28 August, 2018

                                                                     1

                     IN THE COURT OF SH. RAJNISH BHATNAGAR, 
         DISTRICT & SESSIONS JUDGE, NORTH WEST DISTRICT, 
                                   ROHINI COURTS : DELHI

IN RE :                                        Sessions Case No. :  493/17             
                                                    FIR No.  :  444/17                 
                                                    P.S.        :  Vijay Vihar                               
                                                    U/s         :   395/411 IPC  
                                                    Date of registration :  08­08­2017        
                                                    Reserved for Judgment on: 14­08­2018   
                                                   Judgment Announced on   :  28­08­2018   
                   State               
     
                     Vs.

       Kuldeep S/o Satpal   
       R/o H. No.  R­1/23, 
       Lal Quarter,  Vijay Vihar,  
       Phase­I, Delhi. 
          
                
JUDGMENT                      
                             
1.

  Briefly   stated   the   present   case   was   registered   on   the basis of the statement of complainant Sh. Raghav Mishra S/o  Sh. Mishri Lal Mishra who was employed with Tele one Company and had his duty hours from 5:00 p.m to 2:00 a.m. On   03­04­2017, after   his   duty   hours,   complainant   alongwith   his   friend   Neeraj Sharma who is his office colleague at about 2:30 a.m. reached at Krishna Dairy, 20 Foota Road, Vijay Vihar on the bike of Neeraj Sharma where Neeraj dropped him.       

2.   When the complainant proceeded towards his house on Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  1 of 26           2 foot, 2­3 boys came running from behind, out of them one boy caught hold of his bag by showing knife  and asked him to stand quietly and also threatened him with knife. The complainant   got afraid and stood calmly as was asked by the  knife welding man.

3.   According to the complainant, the boy who showed him knife   was   aged   around   20/21   years,   thinly   built,   height   5'  6", complexion fair,  having long hair and he was wearing a red  and yellow  colour  shirt. According to the complainant, the second boy whose  height was  5' 4", dark complexion, thinly built, took out the mobile phone of the complainant from the pocket of his pant. The make of the mobile phone was OPPO­FIS­A 1601, white & golden colour   having   IMEI   No.   (1)   863084032327611   &   IMEI   No. 863084032327603.  The third boy took out the black colour purse of   the   complainant   from   the   pocket   of   his   pant   which   was contained   his   Adhar   Card   No.   354042164067,   I­Card   of   the school   of   open   learning,   Delhi   University,   some   visiting   cards, papers and Rs. 506/­.    

4.    According to the complainant, he raised an alarm, hearing which,   his   brother   Ashutosh   also   reached   the   spot   and   all   the three boys ran away from there.     According to the complainant, he chased them for some distance and with the help of his brother he apprehended  one of those boys and from his  possession his purse was got recovered.   On inquiry the name of the said boy Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  2 of 26           3 was  revealed  as  Kuldeep   S/o  Satpal   R/o  R­1/23,   Red  Quarter, Vijay   Vihar,   Phase­I,   Delhi.     According   to   the   complainant,   he made a call at No. 100, police arrived at the spot and he handed over accused Kuldeep  to the police with the purse. 

5.   F.I.R.  bearing  No.   444/17,   was  registered  at   P.S.  Vijay Vihar   and   investigation   went   underway.   During   the   course   of investigation   accused   was   arrested.   After   the   completion   of investigation final report u/s 173  Cr.P.C. was prepared and was filed in the court of Metropolitan Magistrate who after completing all the formalities committed the case to the court of sessions for trial.                                                           

6.    On 29­08­2017, a charge U/s 395/411 IPC, was framed against accused to which he pleaded not guilty and claimed trial.

7.       In order to prove the guilt of the accused, the prosecution examined as many as 7 witnesses.     

8.   PW   1   Raghav   Mishra   (complainant),   PW   3   Ashutosh (brother of the complainant) and PW 4   Neeraj Sharma are the material public witnesses. I will discuss their testimonies   in the later part of the judgment.

9.    PW 2 H.C. Ravinder Kumar is the duty officer. He proved on record  copy of DD No. 8 A regarding receiving of information about the present incident as Ex.  PW 2/A,  endorsement made by him on the rukka regarding registration of the FIR as Ex.  PW  2/B, copy of the FIR as Ex. PW 2/C and certificate U/s 65 B of the Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  3 of 26           4 Indian Evidence Act  as Ex.  PW 2/D.    

10.  PW   5   Dr.   Rajiv   Ranjan   is   the   HOD,   Department   of Radiology,   Dr.   B.S.A.   Hospital,   Rohini,   Delhi.     He deposed that on 25­04­2017,  patient Kuldeep S/o Sh. Satpal was brought in the hospital for his bone age examination  for assessment of his age.     He   further   deposed   that   the   accused   was   examined physically,  dentally and radiologically and the age assessment of the patient was  more than 18 years and less than 20 years at the time of examination.  He proved on record report of  assessment of age of   accused Kuldeep as Ex. PW 5/A and X­ray   report of Kuldeep   as   Ex.     PW   5/B.    PW   5   further   deposed   that   he countersigned the bone age X­ray report and his  countersign is at point B on the reverse  side of Ex. PW 5/B. He also deposed that he   represented   the   board   as   Chairman.     He   identified     the signatures of board members at point B, C, D and E respectively on Ex. PW 5/A.              

11.  PW   6   is   Ct.   Suresh   who   on     02­04­2017,   in   the intervening   night   of   02­03   April   2017     was   on   emergency   duty from  8 pm to 8 am in police station Vijay Vihar.   On that day  on the receipt of DD No. 4 A,   PW 6  alongwith  SI Vats Raj  reached at the spot i.e. near Krishna Dairy,  F Block,  Vijay Vihar, Phase­II where   complainant   Reghav   Mishra     met   them   and   accused Kuldeep     was   over   powered   by   the   complainant.   PW   6   further Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  4 of 26           5 deposed that  purse which  was recovered from the possession of accused   belonging to the complainant   containing I­card, Adhar Card,     photographs,     some   visiting   cards     and   Rs.   506/­   was handed over by the complainant to SI Vats Raj (IO)  who  kept the purse in a pullanda and sealed the same with the seal of SR and taken into possession vide seizure memo  already Ex. PW 1/C.  

12.  In the presence of PW 6,   IO recorded the statement of complainant Ex. PW 1/A,   made his endorsement on the same, prepared   the   rukka   and   handed   over   the   same   to   PW   6   for registration of FIR who  took the same to the police station   and got the present case registered.  After the registration of the case PW 6  came back  at the spot and handed over original rukka and copy of FIR to IO.      

13.  PW 6   further deposed that accused was arrested vide memo Ex.  PW 1/D and his personal search was conducted vide memo Ex.   PW 1/E and he also made his disclosure statement which PW 6 proved as Ex. PW 6/A. PW  6 deposed that he took the accused to Dr. B.S.A  Hospital for his medical examination.    

14.  PW     7  ASI  Vats   Raj   Singh   is  the   IO  of  the   case.    He unfolded the sequence of investigation done by him.   He proved on   record   endorsement   made   by   him   on   the   statement   of   the complainant as Ex.   PW 7/A.   He identified the accused and the case property.   

Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  5 of 26           6

15.  After   the closing of the prosecution evidence statement of accused U/s 313 Cr.P.C. was recorded and all the incriminating evidence was put to him. Accused denied the same and stated that he is innocent and  has been falsely implicated in the present case.  He further stated that actual culprit  had fled away from the spot and incidentally he was   passing from the spot and due to misconception   he   was   overpowered   and   the   purse   of   the complainant was lying at the spot.  He further stated that he used to work in  Jagran etc. and used to  be free from work in the late night and on the day of the incident also, he was coming from his work     at   Jhandewalan   Mandir.   At   that   time     there   was   no   bus service, so he was walking towards his house.         

16.   I have heard Ms. Usha Rani, Ld.  Legal Aid Counsel for the accused, and  Ld. Addl.  PP for the state and have also gone through the records of this case.       

17.   It is  urged by the Ld.  Legal Aid Counsel for the accused that the accused is innocent and he has been falsely implicated in the present case. She further stated  that no public  person  was joined   by   the   IO   during   investigation.   She   further   stated   that nothing has been recovered from the possession of the accused and the recovered purse   of the complainant had been   planted upon   the   accused.       She   further   urged   that   there   are   material contradictions   in   the   testimonies   of   the   public   and   police Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  6 of 26           7 witnesses which go to the root of the case and accused cannot be convicted on the basis of their testimonies.                      

18.  On the other hand,  it is submitted by the Ld.  Addl. PP for the   state   that   on   the   basis   of   the   evidence   recorded   and   the material available on record,   the prosecution has been able to prove   its   case   against   the   accused.   He   further   submitted   that accused was apprehended at the spot by the complainant with the help   of   his   brother   and   robbed   purse   of   the   complainant   was recovered   from   the   accused.   He   further   submitted   that   PW   1 (complainant)   and   PW   3   Ashutosh   who   is   the   brother   of   the complainant have fully supported the case of the prosecution on all   material   aspects   of   the   case   and   accused   can   be   safely convicted on the basis of their testimonies. He further urged that the contradictions appearing in the testimonies of the prosecution witnesses are immaterial and minor contradictions which do not effect the credibility and reliability of the prosecution witnesses.   

19.   In the instant case, PW 1 Raghav Mishra (complainant), PW 3 Ashutosh (brother of the complainant) and PW 4   Neeraj Sharma are the material public witnesses. Now let us see, what PW 1 (complainant) has to say about the role of the accused in the present incident.   

20.  PW 1   Raghav   Mishra (complainant)   deposed that on 03­04­2017,   after finishing his work   at night   at 02:00 a.m,   he Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  7 of 26           8 alongwith  one of his  colleague  namely Neeraj Sharma left  the office on the   bike of Neeraj Sharma and at   about 02:30 a.m, Neeraj  dropped  him   near Krishna Dairy   40 foota road,    Vijay Vihar and thereafter  he left. PW 1 further deposed that from there he  started walking towards his  home and when he reached in his street suddenly 5­6 boys came and apprehended him. 

21.  PW   1   further   deposed   that     he   somehow   managed   to escape but was apprehended by the said boys  within a very short distance.  One of the boys who was well built and was quite taller had placed knife upon his neck. PW 1 further deposed that he got afraid and one   of the boys who was shorter in height   and was about   5'4"   tall   had   forcibly   taken   out     his   mobile   phone   make OPPO   F1S   of     white     and   golden   colour   from   his   pocket   and another boy had also forcibly taken   out his purse containing his Adhar card, ID Card of school of open learning,  some documents, some visiting cards and Rs. 506 (four coins out of which two coins were of Rs. 2/­ each and two coins of Rs. 1/­ each.  

22.  PW 1 further deposed that after hearing his hue and cry, his   brother   Ashutosh   came   there   at   the   place   of   incident. Thereafter all the aforesaid 5­6 boys  fled away from there.  PW 1 further   deposed   that   he   and   his   brother   Ashutosh   managed   to apprehend  one of the   above  said 5­6 boys  and recovered  his above said purse from his possession and upon inquiry  the name Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  8 of 26           9 of   the   said   boy   was   revealed   as   Kuldeep   S/o   Satpal.   PW   1 correctly identify accused Kuldeep  in the Court.    

23.  PW   1   further   deposed   that   call   to   the   police   at   100 number   was   made   upon   which   police     came   at   the   spot   and recorded his statement. PW 1 further deposed that they handed over the custody of the accused and the purse which was robbed by the accused and by his other associates, to the police. PW 1 further deposed that  his statement was recorded which he proved as Ex.  PW 1/A. 

24.  PW   1   further   deposed   that   he   showed   the   place   of incident to the  police and site plan was prepared. He proved the site plan as Ex. PW 1/B.  He further deposed that the recovered purse containing his   Aadhar card, I­Card of SOL, some visiting cards   and   some   other   documents   with   cash   of   Rs.   506/­   was identified   by   him     as   the   same   were     robbed   by   accused.   He further   deposed   that   all   the   aforesaid   articles    with   purse   were sealed  in a cloth pullanda  and  taken into possession vide memo Ex. PW 1/C.

25.  PW 1 further deposed that accused Kuldeep was arrested on   his   identification   vide   arrest   memo   Ex.     PW   1/D   and   his personal search was conducted by the IO vide personal search memo     Ex.  PW  1/E.    PW  1   identified   black  colour   rexin  purse containing his Adhar Card, I card issued  from SOL, some visiting Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  9 of 26           10 cards, other documents, Rs. 506/­ in cash and one photograph of his parents as Ex.  P­1 to be  the same robbed by the accused.

26.  PW 1 was cross examined by the Ld.  Legal Aid Counsel for the accused. He stated  in his cross examination that police reached   the   spot   within   30­45     minutes   after   the   incident   and someone from the public  had called the PCR.  He also stated that there were around 40 public persons who had gathered   at the spot after the incident.  

27.  PW 1 further   stated that his statement was recorded in the   police   station   and   all   the   documents   were   prepared   in   the police station. He also stated that his brother Ashutosh Misha was with   him   in   PS   but   his   signatures   were   not   obtained   on   any document.     PW   1   denied     that   no   such   incident     had   been committed by  accused  or that someone else  had robbed him or that accused has been falsely implicated by the police.  PW 1 also denied in his cross examination that someone from the persons gathered at the spot had robbed him or that  after arrival of police, actual robber had fled away  from there leaving  his robbed purse alongwith the articles  or that recovered purse had been wrongly planted upon the accused or that he is deposing falsely.   

28.    PW   3   Ashutosh   is   the   brother   of   complainant.   He deposed that on the intervening night of 02­04­2017 / 03­04­2017 at about 2:30 a.m he had   heard   scream of his brother Raghav Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  10 of 26         11 Mishra in gali.  After hearing the scream,  he got up and he  saw towards the gali and noticed that  his  brother Ragiav Mishra was covered     by   2­3     persons   and   they   were   snatching   his   mobile phone and purse.   

29.  PW  3   further   deposed   that     when   he   ran  towards     his brother,   his   father and some   inhabitants   of the gali were with him.   He   further   deposed   that   one   of   the   accused     was   over powered by them and purse of his brother was recovered from his front pocket but other accused managed to escape after taking mobile phone of his brother. He further deposed that   thereafter they made  call to the police and handed over the custody of the accused and purse of his brother to the police. Police took the accused with the purse   of his brother   in the police station. His brother  Raghav Mishra was also taken by the police to the police station but he was interrogated by the police at the spot and his statement was recorded.   

30.   In his cross examination by the Ld.  Legal Aid Counsel for the   accused,   PW   3     stated   that   15­20   inhabitants   of   the   gali gathered at the time of the incident.  Police officials  interrogated those inhabitants but   no statement was recorded. PW 3 denied that actual  culprit ran away from the spot leaving the purse of his brother   which has been falsely planted upon the   accused.   He denied that  he handed over the purse to the police  and accused Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  11 of 26         12 was  falsely implicated in the present case.  He further stated that his statement was recorded at the spot and except his brother, no one else went to the police station alongwith him. 

31.  PW 4 Neeraj Sharma deposed that he was working in a call centre by the name of Deemark Teleone  at Pitam Pura Delhi and   Raghav Mishra who is his friend was also working with the said company and their  duty  hours were 5:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m. He further deposed that on the intervening night of 02/03­04­2017, after     finishing     their   duty,     they   left   the   company.   He   further deposed that they both started   to their house on his motorcycle bearing registration No.  6977. 

32.  PW   4   further   deposed   that   Raghav   Mishra   was   sitting behind him on his motorcycle and at about 2:15 a.m, he dropped Raghav   Mishra   at   the   corner   of   gali   of   his   house   and   after dropping him he left for his house. He further deposed that on the next date,  he came to know that Raghav Mishra was robbed by 2­3 persons.      

33.  PW 4 was cross examined by the Ld. Legal Aid Counsel for the accused but there is nothing in his cross examination worth discussion.        

34.  Though, PW 4 Neeraj Sharma is not an eye witness of the incident, but he has corroborated PW 1 (complainant) on the point of leaving  the office after  the duty hours i.e. at 2:00  a.m. Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  12 of 26         13 alongwith him on his motorcycle on the date of the incident i.e. on the   intervening   night   of   02/03­04­2017.   He   further   corroborated PW  1   with   regard   to  the   fact  that   he   dropped     PW   1  near  his house.     No   doubt,   there   is   some   contradiction   between   the testimony of PW 1 and PW 4 with regard to the timings because according to PW 1, PW 4 dropped him near his house at about 02:30  a.m.  and  according  to PW 4 he dropped  PW  1 near  his house at 2:15 a.m. but this contradiction is immaterial and does not   go   to   the   root   of   the   matter.   Moreover,   there   is   no   cross examination of PW 4 on behalf of the accused on this point and no suggestion has been given to PW 4 that PW 1 did not leave the office with him on the date of the incident on his motorcycle or he had not dropped  PW 1 near his house on the intervening night of 02/03­04­2017  at  about 2:15 a.m. Here it is also to be kept in mind that no one is expected  to keep track  of the time.   So the testimony   of   PW   4   on   this   aspect   has   gone   unrebutted   and unchallenged.  Therefore, the prosecution has been able to prove on record that on the intervening night of 02/03­04­2017, PW 4 dropped PW 1 near his house at about 2:15 a.m.

35.   Now coming to the testimonies of PW 1 Raghav Mishra who is the complainant and PW 3 Ashutosh who is the brother of the   complainant.   They   have   been   cross   examined   by   the   Ld. Legal   Aid   counsel   for   the   accused   but   despite   that   nothing material could be extracted from their cross examination.   PW 1 Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  13 of 26         14 and   PW   3   have   supported   the   case   of   the   prosecution   on   all material particulars of the case and there is nothing in their cross examination   to   discredit   their   testimonies   except   some   minor contradictions.   PW 1 has correctly identified the accused in the Court and categorically  deposed that on the day of the incident, accused alongwith his associates robbed him of his  mobile phone make    OPPO F1S    of white  and  golden  colour    and  his purse containing   his  Adhar  Card,  ID  card   of  school  of   open   learning, some documents, visiting cards and Rs. 506/­.    

36.  He also categorically deposed that after hearing his hue and cry his brother PW 3 Ashutosh  came at the place of incident, and   all the 5­6 boys fled away from there but he and  his brother Ashutosh     had   managed   to   apprehend   the   accused   and   purse was   recovered from him and subsequently on the arrival of the police accused alongwith the purse containing the articles above mentioned was handed over the police.  PW 3 Ashutosh has  also deposed that on the intervening night of 02­04­2017 / 03­04­2017 at about 2:30 a.m. he heard scream of his brother Raghav Mishra in the gali, so he   got up and saw towards the gali. He   noticed that his brother Raghav   Mishra was covered   by 2­3 boys who were snatching  his mobile phone and purse.  He further deposed that   he   ran   towards   his   brother   and     one   of   the   accused   was overpowered   by   them   and   purse   of   his   brother   was   recovered from  his  front pocket  but  other  accused  managed to escape Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  14 of 26         15 after taking of mobile phone of his brother. 

37.  PW 3 correctly identified the accused and deposed  that accused  was over powered by them and was handed over to the police   alongwith   the   recovered   purse   containing   articles   of   his brother.  PW 1 also identified his purse as Ex. P­1 alongwith other articles which were robbed by the accused. So both PW 1 and PW 3 have corroborated each other on all material particulars of the case and I find no reason to disbelieve them because there is nothing   in   their   cross   examination   to   make   them   unbelievable except   some   minor   contradictions   which  are   merely   the inconsistencies   on   the   fringe   without   materially   affecting   the credibility of their evidence.   Moreover,  as  far as identity of the accused is concerned  there cannot be  said to be any  doubt  in this regard as   accused was apprehended  at the spot and  even otherwise  the presence of the accused at the place of incident is admitted.  

38.  It   has   been   vehemently   argued   by   the   Ld.     Legal   Aid counsel for the accused that there are contradictions between the testimonies   of  PW  1,    PW  3   and  other   officials  witnesses  who participated in the investigation, which are sufficient to doubt the case   of   the   prosecution.   So   now   let   us   see,   what   are   the contradictions appearing in the testimonies of PW 1,   PW 3 and other   official   witnesses   who   participated   in   the   investigation   or whether they are material contradictions which goes to the root of Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  15 of 26         16 the case.        

39.  Before   proceeding   further   and  marshaling   the  evidence the settled principles of laws are to be kept in mind. Firstly, the court   is   capable   of   sifting   the   chaff   from   grain.   Secondly,   the contradictions which does not go the root of the matter are to be ignored. Thirdly, the testimonies of official witnesses are not to be discarded if they are otherwise truthful.

40.  Contradictions   between   the   testimonies   of   the witnesses  : According to PW 1 (complainant) 40 public persons gathered   at   the   spot   after   the   incident.   According   to   PW   3 Ashutosh 15­20 inhabitants  of the gali gathered at the time of the incident. According to PW 6 Ct.  Suresh 2­3 public persons  were present at the spot and according to IO (PW 7) there were 3­4 persons present at the spot.  All the above witnesses have given different number of public persons who were  present at the spot. It is to be kept in mind  that  the incident took place at around 2:30 a.m. / 3:00 a.m., so the presence of public persons can vary with each passing moment.  Public persons  gathered  at the place of incident  and  slowly  wither away  which might have happened  in this case  as public persons arrived  at different time.  Moreover, it was difficult for PW 1 and PW 3 to have kept  a correct count of the public persons.  Therefore,  in my opinion, this contradiction is not sufficient to belie the testimonies of PW 1 and PW 3.  

41.  Next   contradiction   pointed   out   by   the   Ld.   Legal   Aid Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  16 of 26         17 Counsel   for   the   accused   is   that   PW   1   stated   in   his   cross examination that  his statement was recorded in the police station and all the documents were prepared in the police station and his brother Ashutosh Mishra was with him in the police station.  But according to PW 6 Ct.  Suresh and PW  7 ASI Vats Raj who is the IO of the case, statement of the complainant PW 1 was recorded at the spot and all the documents were also prepared at the spot. Further, according to PW 3 Ashutosh, his brother  Raghav Mishra (PW 1) was taken by the police to the police station and   he was interrogated by the police at the spot and his statement was also recorded and PW 3 in his cross examination also reiterated that his   statement   was   recorded   at   the   spot,     so   PW   3   is   not supporting   the   version   of   PW   1   that   he   was   with   PW   1  in  the police station.           

42.  No doubt, PW 1 has stated in his cross examination that his   statement   was   recorded   in   the   police   station   and   all   the documents were also prepared in the police station but  the same has not been stated  by PW  6 and PW  7. But, the entire case of the prosecution cannot be faulted on this score alone.  PW 6 in his cross   examination   on   behalf   of   the   accused   has   denied   the suggestion  that all the   documents  were prepared in the police station.   Similarly,     IO   (PW   7)   has   also   denied   that   the   entire proceedings were  conducted in the police station. So PW  6 and PW   7 have  corroborated each other  on this aspect.  As far as Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  17 of 26         18 contradiction  with regard  to  the  fact  that  PW 1 stated    that  his brother (PW 3) was with him in the police station but according to PW 3 his brother (PW 1)   was taken by the police to the police station and his statement was recorded by the police at the spot is also not a such type of contradiction on the basis of which the entire   testimony   of   PW   1   can   be   thrown   out.     Moreover,     the presence of PW 3 at the spot  has also not been  doubted by the defence  as it was suggested by  the Ld.  defence counsel to PW 3 as follows : 

    "It is wrong to suggest that I handed over the purse to the police or that accused was falsely implicated in the present case."  

43.  It  is  settled   preposition   of   law   that   minor   discrepancies and contradictions do creep in  the statement  of the  prosecution witnesses.  The court has to see whether the contradictions  are material and goes to the root of the matter.  In this regard reliance can be placed on judgment reported as 1999 Vol. 8 AD (SC) 642 and JT 1991 (7) SC 247.      

44.  PW   1   complainant     is   a   public   witness   and   his   cross examination   was   conducted   on   12­10­2017   and   the   date   of incident is the intervening night of 2/3­4­2017,  so he has come to depose in the Court after a gap of about 6 months and   it   is   a matter  of  common  knowledge  that  memory  of  human being Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  18 of 26         19 lapses  after a gap of certain period and we cannot expect from a person   to give each and every detail of the case in a particular manner.  It is well settled that if the witnesses appear in the court for   deposition   then,   obviously   some   contradictions   and improvements are bound to occur.   This may be due to lapse of time and memory of human being. In Criminal Trial Court, the duty of the courts is not to let off the criminals on petty discrepancies and minor contradictions.   Ground realities must be appreciated. Accused   be   not   allowed   the   benefit   of   defective   investigation. Prosecution lapses cannot be allowed to escape route of criminals and prosecution has to prove its case by broader probabilities as so   observed   in   case  Vishveswaran   Vs.   State   2003   RLR   350 (SC).   In the matter of Sukhdev Yadav and others Vs. State of Bihar reported in JT­2001­ (7)­SC­597.  It was held as under:

 The court can sift the chaff from the grain and find out the   truth   from   the   testimony   of   the   witnesses.     The evidence is to be considered from the point of view of trustworthiness and once the same stands satisfied, it ought to inspire confidence in the mind of the court to accept   the   stated   evidence.     It   is   indeed   necessary, however, to note that there would hardly be a witness whose   evidence   does   not   contain   some   amount   of exaggeration   or   embellishment   sometimes,   there would   be   a   deliberate   attempt   to   offer   the   same. Sometime,   the   witnesses   in   their   over   anxiety   to   do better from the witness box details out an exaggerated account.
Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  19 of 26         20
Further it was held in this case that minor   variations with   regard   to  place   of  occurrence   would   not  render the evidence untrustworthy, if otherwise on perusal of evidence in its entirety, it appears to be trustworthy."

45.    Therefore,     no   doubt   the   witnesses   have   contradicted each other with regard to the place of recording of statement of the   complainant   PW   1   by   the   IO,   place   of   preparation   of documents   and  PW   1  has  also   contradicted   with  regard   to  the presence of PW 3  with him in the police station, but on the basis of these contradictions the entire testimonies of PW 1, PW 3, PW 6 and PW 7 cannot be doubted who have corroborated each other on   all   material   particulars   of   the   case.     Even   if   the   statements were  recorded in the police station  then it  is not understood as to what prejudice   has been caused to the accused,   nor   it has been pointed out by the accused.                   

46.  Next it is contended by the Ld. Legal Aid counsel for the accused that it has come in the testimonies of PW 1 and PW 3 that public persons were present at the spot, but, despite that no public person was joined by the IO during the investigation, which creates   doubt   in   the   story   put   fourth   by   the   prosecution.   She further urged that the recovery of purse has been planted upon the accused.    

47.    No   doubt   PW   1   and   PW   3     have     talked   about   the presence   of   public   persons   at   the   spot   but   it   is   a   matter   of common   knowledge   that   public   persons   are   reluctant   to   be   a Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  20 of 26         21 witness  or  to  assist  the  investigation.    Reasons  are  not    far  to seek.  In this regard reliance can be placed on a judgment in case titled as Ambika Prasad Vs. State reported as JT 2000 (1) SC

273.   Moreover, it is the quality of the evidence which is to be seen and not the quantity.    

48.  As   far   as   the   arrest   and   recovery   of   purse   from   the possession   of   accused   is   concerned,   the   witnesses   to   the recovery of purse from the possession of the accused are PW 1 Raghav Mishra (complainant), and PW 3 Ashutosh.   Both PW 1 and PW 3 have deposed that they apprehended the accused at the spot and from the possession of accused   robbed purse of complainant   (PW1)   containing   his  I­card,   Adhar   Card, photographs,   some visiting cards   and Rs. 506/­ was recovered and later on after the arrival of the police, accused alongwith the said purse containing said articles was handed over to the police. PW 1 has also deposed that the said purse alongwith the said articles  containing therein was seized vide seizure memo Ex. PW 1/C   by   the   police   and   the   accused   was   also   arrested   on   his identification vide arrest memo Ex. PW 1/D.                

49.  Similarly, PW 6 Ct.  Suresh  and PW 7 (IO)  ASI Vats Raj Singh   have   also   deposed   that   when   they   reached   at   the   spot accused was in the custody of the complainant who handed over the   accused   alongwith   the   purse   containing   said   articles   which was recovered from the possession of the accused to them and Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  21 of 26         22 the purse alongwith the said articles was seized by the IO (PW 7) vide seizure memo  Ex. PW 1/C  and the accused was arrested vide arrest memo Ex. PW 1/D.  So, PW 1, PW 3,  PW 6 and PW 7 have corroborated each other with regard to the recovery of purse from the possession of the accused and  PW 1, PW 6 and PW  7 who are the witnesses to the arrest memo of the accused have also   deposed   about   the   manner   in   which   the   accused   was arrested vide  arrest memo Ex.  PW 1/D.  There is nothing in their cross examination which could render their testimony unreliable. Therefore,  I am of the opinion, that the prosecution has been able to prove the arrest of the accused and also the recovery of the purse containing I­card, Adhar Card,  photographs,  some visiting cards   and Rs. 506/­ of the complainant from the possession of the accused Kuldeep.        

50.    Nothing has been brought on record by the accused to show as to why the complainant would falsely implicate him. No previous  enmity  of the  accused  with  the complainant  has been proved   on   record.     Neither   it   is   the   case   of   the   accused   that complainant was inimical towards him at any point of time.   The defence taken by the accused is that he was   passing from the spot   and   due   to   misconception   he   was   overpowered   and   the purse of the complainant was lying at the spot.  He further stated that he used to work in   Jagran etc. and used to   be free from work in the late night and on the day of the incident also, he was Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  22 of 26         23 coming from his work   at Jhandewalan Mandir   and at that time there was no bus service, so he was walking towards his house but he was apprehended  and falsely   implicated  in the present case and the actual  culprit had ran away.   

51.  First of all the defence taken by the accused appears to be a sham defence.   Because no complaint was lodged by the accused or his relatives with the higher police officials regarding his false implication in the present case. It is not understood, if according to the accused, he was falsely implicated,   then what prevented him or his relatives from lodging the complaint with the higher   police   authorities   regarding   his   false   implication   in   the present case.  It has been stated by the accused  that  he used to work in Jagran etc.  and used to be free from work in the late night and on the day of the incident also  he was coming from his work at   Jhandewalan Mandir.   But no evidence has been led by the accused to prove this fact. The accused   could have examined any person from his work place i.e. Jhandewalan Mandir or any person   acquainted   to   him   who   was   present   in   the   Jagran   at Jhandewalan Mandir to prove the fact that he was coming from Jagran or he participated in the Jagran on the date of the incident but   for   the   reasons   best   known   to   him   he   failed   to   do   so. Therefore,  the accused has failed to prove the defence taken by him in his statement U/s 313 Cr.P.C.   

52.     In view of the discussions mentioned hereinabove, the Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  23 of 26         24 prosecution has been able to prove that it was accused Kuldeep who  alongwith  his  other   associates  committed   robbery  with  the complainant (PW 1) on the intervening night of 02 / 03­04­2017 at about 2:30 a.m. and he was apprehended at the spot and robbed purse of the complainant alongwith the articles mentioned above was  recovered from his possession which was seized by the IO (PW 7) vide seizure memo Ex. PW 1/C.      

53.  The accused in the instant case has been charged U/s 395/411   IPC.   Now   it   is   to   be   seen   under   what   sections   the accused  is to be convicted.

54.             Section 395 Indian Penal Code reads as follows : 

395.   Punishment   for   dacoity.--Whoever commits   dacoity   shall   be   punished   with 1[imprisonment for life], or with rigorous impris­ onment   for   a   term   which   may   extend   to   ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.

55.             Section 411 Indian Penal Code reads as follows :

411. Dishonestly receiving stolen property.--

Whoever   dishonestly   receives   or   retains   any stolen   property,   knowing   or   having   reason   to believe the same to be stolen property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  24 of 26         25 with fine, or with both. 

56.  Initially in his statement   Ex.   PW 1/A, the complainant PW 1  has stated that he was  waylaid by 2­3  boys but when he was examined  under oath in the court he stated that 5­6 boys had waylaid him and then  tried to robbed  him  of his articles.  PW 3 who   is   the   brother   of   the   complainant   has   stated     in   his examination­in­chief     that     when   he     got     up   after   hearing   the screams of   his brother   and   saw towards the gali,   he noticed that  his brother (PW 1)  was  covered  by 2­3 persons.      

57.            Now  it is to be seen whether this discrepancy about the number  of persons  who had   waylaid    PW  1   is sufficient      to discredit     his   entire   testimony   as   argued   by   the   Ld.   defence counsel.   In my opinion,   the answer to this question   is   in the negative.   No doubt   PW 1 has differed   on the counting of the boys who had waylaid him which can be a mistake committed by him but, it is not expected  from a person  who has been waylaid in the   late night   hours to keep   count   of the persons who had tried to rob him.  So simply because  he differed in the counting of number of persons  who  had tried to rob him  on the intervening night of 02 /03­04­2017,   cannot be a sole   ground   to discredit PW   1   (complainant)   when     other     attending     circumstances   as discussed hereinabove are supporting his case. However,  in my opinion,     the   benefit     in   this   regard     should   be   given   to   the accused and he is,  therefore liable to be held guilty and convicted Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  25 of 26         26 U/s 392/411 IPC instead of Section 395/411 IPC.  

58.                  Therefore,   in   view   of   the   discussions   mentioned herienabove, I am of the considered opinion,  that the prosecution has been able to prove its  case against accused Kuldeep beyond all reasonable doubts. Accused Kuldeep is,  therefore,  held guilty and convicted for the offence punishable under section 392/411 IPC.   Now  put  up  for  arguments on the point of sentence on 05­09­2018.                           

(Announced in the open Court today i.e. on  28­08­2018) Digitally signed by    RAJNISH RAJNISH BHATNAGAR BHATNAGAR Date: 2018.08.28 17:12:34 +0530                                      (RAJNISH BHATNAGAR)                          DISTRICT & SESSIONS JUDGE                              NORTH / WEST  DISTRICT,                                ROHINI COURTS : DELHI Sessions Case No: 493/17                                                                                          Page  26 of 26