Kerala High Court
Subaidha vs State Of Kerala on 6 March, 2026
Author: Devan Ramachandran
Bench: Devan Ramachandran
2026:KER:20685
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE DEVAN RAMACHANDRAN
&
THE HONOURABLE MRS. JUSTICE M.B. SNEHALATHA
FRIDAY, THE 6TH DAY OF MARCH 2026 / 15TH PHALGUNA, 1947
WA NO. 2540 OF 2025
ORDER DATED 09.10.2025
ARISING FROM : WP(C) NO.27713 OF 2025
APPELLANTS/WRIT PETITIONERS:
1 SUBAIDHA, AGED 54 YEARS
W/O SUNIL, BISMI MANZIL, K.S. ROAD, KOVALAM,
KOVALAM P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695527
2 RAMA V., AGED 46 YEARS
W/O RAVEENDRAN M, TC 22/256, ATTUKAL,
MANACAUD P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695009
3 RANI B., AGED 52 YEARS
W/O MANIYAN K, TC 41/1824 MAHALEKSMI BHAVAN,
MRA 195, MANACAUD, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN - 695009
4 BINDU B, AGED 46 YEARS
D/O VELAPPAN, TC 57/638(6) MURUKESH NIVAS,
NELLIYODUMELE, NELLIYOD TEMPLE, THIRUVALLAM,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695027
5 RENUKA, AGED 45 YEARS
D/O VIJAYAMMA, TC 64/1570, THOTTINKARA VEEDU,
MADHUPALAM, KARUMOM P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-2-
PIN - 695002
6 GIRIJA B, AGED 66 YEARS
W/O RAGHAVAN, RATHEESH BHAVAN, SANTHIVILA,
KURUMI, NEMOM P.O., KALLIYOOR,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695020
7 RAMA DEVI R, AGED 61 YEARS
W/O MOHANAN, MANOJ BHAVAN, KIZHAKKEKARA,
MAVUVILA PUTHEN VEEDU, NEYYATTINKARA,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695121
8 MANOJ. R., AGED 43 YEARS
S/O RAJAPPAN, TC 36/138(6), KIZHZKKEMUDUMBIL
VEEDU, PERUNTHANNI, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN - 695008
9 ABDUL HAKKIM A., AGED 49 YEARS
S/O ABDUL KHADER, TC 69/1421-1, KALIPPANKULAM,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695009
0 MINI R, AGED 44 YEARS
D/O MANIYAN, TC 72/2268/141 SHIVANANDHANAM,
KARIMADAM COLONY, MANACAUD CHALA P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695036
11 FIROZ KHAN M, AGED 46 YEARS
S/O MUHAMMAD BASHEER, FARSANA HOUSE, PACHALLOOR
P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695027
12 LEELA N, AGED 62 YEARS
W/O SELVAM, TC 29/721, DERA-20, SANTHI
BHAVANAM, PALKULANGARA, PETTAH P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695024
13 RADHAKRISHNAN R, AGED 61 YEARS
S/O A SIVATHANU PILLAI, SIVANAND BUILDINGS TC
38/2020, VIVEKANANDA STREET, ARYASALA,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695036
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-3-
14 RUGMINI P., AGED 77 YEARS
W/O JOHNSON J , PUTHUVAVILA POTTA, KAVALLUR
LANE, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695013
15 CHANDRAN NAIR G., AGED 54 YEARS
S/O GOPALAKRISHNAN NAIR,SEMANDAKAM, KUDAVOOR
P.O., MELTHONNAKKAL, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN - 695313.
BY ADVS.
DR.K.P.PRADEEP
SHRI.T.T.BIJU
SMT.SMITHA GOPINATH
SMT.T.THASMI
SMT.M.J.ANOOPA
SMT.POOJA V.M.
RESPONDENTS/RESPONDENTS:
1 STATE OF KERALA,
REPRESENTED BY ITS CHIEF SECRETARY TO
GOVERNMENT, GOVERNMENT SECRETARIATE,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695001
2 THE SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT,
LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT
SECRETARIATE, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695001
3 THE SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNMENT,
REVENUE DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT SECRETARIATE,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695001
4 DISTRICT COLLECTOR,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, CIVIL STATION,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695043
5 COMMISSIONER OF POLICE,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CITY, POLICE GROUND C.V.
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-4-
RAMAN PILLAI, ROAD, THYCAUD,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695014
6 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION,
OPPOSITE TO MUSEUM, VIKAS BHAVAN P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,REPRESENTED BY ITS
SECRETARY, PIN - 695033
7 THE SECRETARY,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION, OPPOSITE TO
MUSEUM, VIKAS BHAVAN P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN - 695033
8 TOWN VENDING COMMITTEE,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION, OPPOSITE TO
MUSEUM, VIKAS BHAVAN P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAMESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN, PIN
- 695033
9 KERALA STATE ROAD TRANSPORT CORPORATION,
TRANSPORT BHAVAN, FORT,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,REPRESENTED BY ITS MANAGING
DIRECTOR, PIN - 695023
10 SHOBANA KUMAR P.,
UTHRAM, T.C. 43/534(3), ARIYANKUZHI,
KAMALESWARAM, MANACAUD P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695009
11 VIJAYAKUMAR V.,
T.C. 30/243, RAJEEVAM, KALLUMOODU, ANAYARA
P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695029
12 CHRISTY C.R,
C.R. BHAVAN, VATTAVILA, KODUNGAVILA P.O
NEYYATTINKARA, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695123
13 KASHALAKUMARI K,
PRATHEEKSHA, CHEKKAKONAM P.O., AZHIKODE,
KARAKULAM, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695564
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-5-
14 SREEJITH K.T.,
THERUVILA VEEDU, KAVALOOR, VATTIYOORKAVU P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695013
15 RAJAN M.P.,
VASAN BROTHERS BUNGALOW, PALLIVILAKAM,
KOOTTAPPANA, NEYYATTINKARA, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN - 695121
16 RAVEENDRAN NAIR C., *[DELETED]
PANKAJAM, T.C. 41/1983,
MANACAUD P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695009
17 LATHEEFA IBRAHIM P.A.,
ASHIRVAD T.C. 36/248(8), VIVEKANANDA LANE,
PERUNTHANNI, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695008
18 JAYAKUMAR S.,
VINAYAKA, NALUMUKKU, PALKULANGARA,
PETTAH P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN - 695024
19 PADMARAJAN R., *[DELETED]
AISWARYA, VINAYAKA STREET,
BALARAMAPURAM, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN 695501.
20 BYJU A.M., DEVIKA NIVAS, CHUNDAVILA,
MANNARAKONAM, VATTIYOORKKAVU P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695013
21 SADIQUE S T.C.,
46/97, MAHEEN MANZHIL, PALLITHERUVU, POONTHURA
P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695026
22 SANAL K.,
T.C. 39/1653(2), THALAYATTUVILAKATHU VEEDU,
KURYATHI, MANACAUD P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-6-
PIN - 695009
23 NISSAM M KAUSAR,
VP/NO. 18/361(A) CHILAPPARA, ARUVIPPURAM ROAD,
PEYAD P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695573
24 ABIDA BEGUM,
THUNDIL HOUSE, HARITHA NAGAR -11, UNNANPARA,
CIVIL STATION ROAD, PEROORKKADA,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695005
25 AMBIKA G,
GOPIKA,T.C.28/1810(1), ANANTHANKARA LANE,
THAKARAPPARAMBU, FORT P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN - 695023
26 SULEKHA BEEVI M.,
T.C. 46/560, KALLATTUMUKKU, MANACAUD P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695009
27 SABU K.,
T.C. 41/655(1) PUTHUNAGAR- II, ROTTIKADA
JUNCTION, KURIYATHI MANACAUD P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695009
28 SANOOJ. S.,
T.C. 49/174, FATHIMA MANZIL, KAMALESWARAM,
MANACUAD P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695009
29 SHAHUL HAMEED R.,
GRAND HANDLOOM CENTRE, OLD T.C. 37/1 NEW TC
80/1 CITYBUS STAND, PAZHAVANGADI,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695023
*R16 AND R19 ARE DELETED FROM THE PARTY ARRAY
OF RESPONDENTS AT THE SOLE RISK AND COST OF THE
APPELLANTS AS PER ORDER DATED 30.01.2026 IN
I.A.NO.1/2026 IN W.A.NO.2540/2025.
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-7-
BY ADVS.
SHRI.SUMAN CHAKRAVARTHY, SC, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
CORPORATION
SRI.P.C.CHACKO(PARATHANAM)
SRI.C.UNNIKRISHNAN (KOLLAM)
SHRI VIJAYKRISHNAN S. MENON
SRI.D.JAYAKRISHNAN
SHRI.M.R.RADHAKRISHNAN
SHRI.G.GOWARDHAN DEV G. NAIR
SHRI.VIVEK NAIR P.
SMT.NADIYA K.M.
SHRI.K.S.ARAVIND
SMT.GARGI RAMACHANDRAN
SHRI.V.ASWIN
SHRI.SHIBU S.
SRI K P HARISH, SR.GP
THIS WRIT APPEAL HAVING COME UP FOR ADMISSION ON
06.03.2026, ALONG WITH WA.2539/2025, 2610/2025 AND
CONNECTED CASES, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE
FOLLOWING:
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-8-
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE DEVAN RAMACHANDRAN
&
THE HONOURABLE MRS. JUSTICE M.B. SNEHALATHA
FRIDAY, THE 6TH DAY OF MARCH 2026 / 15TH PHALGUNA, 1947
WA NO. 2539 OF 2025
ORDER DATED 09.10.2025
ARISING FROM : WP(C) NO.24190 OF 2025
APPELLANTS/WRIT PETITIONERS:
1 SUBAIDHA, AGED 54 YEARS
W/O SUNIL, BISMI MANZIL, K.S. ROAD, KOVALAM,
KOVALAM P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695527
2 RAMA V., AGED 46 YEARS
W/O RAVEENDRAN M, TC 22/256, ATTUKAL, MANACAUD
P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695009
3 RANI B, AGED 52 YEARS
W/O MANIYAN K, TC 41/1824 MAHALEKSMI BHAVAN,
MRA 195, MANACAUD, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN -
695009
4 BINDU B., AGED 46 YEARS
D/O VELAPPAN, TC 57/638(6) MURUKESH NIVAS,
NELLIYODUMELE, NELLIYOD TEMPLE, THIRUVALLAM,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695027
5 RENUKA, AGED 45 YEARS
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-9-
D/O VIJAYAMMA, TC 64/1570, THOTTINKARA VEEDU,
MADHUPALAM, KARUMOM P.O.,THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN - 695002
6 GIRIJA B., AGED 66 YEARS
W/O RAGHAVAN, RATHEESH BHAVAN, SANTHIVILA,
KURUMI, NEMOM P.O., KALLIYOOR,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695020
7 RAMA DEVI R., AGED 61 YEARS
W/O MOHANAN, MANOJ BHAVAN, KIZHAKKEKARA,
MAVUVILA PUTHEN VEEDU, NEYYATTINKARA,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695121
8 MANOJ. R., AGED 43 YEARS
S/O RAJAPPAN, TC 36/138(6), KIZHZKKEMUDUMBIL
VEEDU, PERUNTHANNI, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN -
695008
9 ABDUL HAKKIM A., AGED 49 YEARS
S/O ABDUL KHADER, TC 69/1421-1, KALIPPANKULAM,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695009
0 MINI R., AGED 44 YEARS
D/O MANIYAN, TC 72/2268/141 SHIVANANDHANAM,
KARIMADAM COLONY, MANACAUD CHALA P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695036
11 FIROZ KHAN M., AGED 46 YEARS
S/O MUHAMMAD BASHEER, FARSANA HOUSE, PACHALLOOR
P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695027
12 LEELA N., AGED 62 YEARS
W/O SELVAM, TC 29/721, DERA-20, SANTHI
BHAVANAM, PALKULANGARA, PETTAH P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695024
13 RADHAKRISHNAN R., AGED 61 YEARS
S/O A SIVATHANU PILLAI, SIVANAND BUILDINGS TC
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-10-
38/2020, VIVEKANANDA STREET, ARYASALA,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695036
14 RUGMINI P., AGED 77 YEARS
W/O JOHNSON J , PUTHUVAVILA POTTA, KAVALLUR
LANE, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695013
15 CHANDRAN NAIR G., AGED 54 YEARS
S/O GOPALAKRISHNAN NAIR,SEMANDAKAM, KUDAVOOR
P.O., MELTHONNAKKAL, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN - 695313
BY ADVS.
DR.K.P.PRADEEP
SHRI.T.T.BIJU
SMT.T.THASMI
SMT.M.J.ANOOPA
SMT.POOJA V.M.
RESPONDENTS/RESPONDENTS:
1 STATE OF KERALA,
REPRESENTED BY ITS CHIEF SECRETARY TO
GOVERNMENT, GOVERNMENT SECRETARIATE,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695001
2 THE SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT.,
LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT
SECRETARIATE, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695001
3 DISTRICT COLLECTOR,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, CIVIL STATION,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695043
4 COMMISSIONER OF POLICE,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CITY, POLICE GROUND C.V.
RAMAN PILLAI, ROAD, THYCAUD,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695014
5 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION,
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-11-
OPPOSITE TO MUSEUM, VIKAD BHAVAN P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,REPRESENTED BY ITS
SECRETARY, PIN - 695033
6 THE SECRETARY,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION,OPPOSITE TO
MUSEUM, VIKAD BHAVAN P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN - 695033
7 TOWN VENDING COMMITTEE,
THIUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION OPPOSITE TO
MUSEUM, VIKAD BHAVAN P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
REPRESENTED BY ITS CHAIRMAN, PIN - 695033
8 ADDL.R8. KERALA STATE ROAD TRANSPORT
CORPORATION, TRANSPORT BHAVAN, FORT P.O,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM- , REPRESENTED BY ITS
MANAGING DIRECTOR, PIN 695 023
[ADDL.R8 IS IMPLEADED AS PER ORDER DATED
10.07.2025 IN I.A.1/2025 IN WP(C)24190/2025].
9 ADDL.R9. V. VIJAYAKUMAR
AGED 70 YEARS, S/O.VASUDEVAN NAIR,
TC 30/243, RAJEEVAM, KALLUMOODU, ANAYARA PO,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM - 695 029.
0 ADDL.R10. P.SOBHANAKUMAR
AGED 60 YEARS, S/O.PARAMESWARAN PILLAI, TC
43/534/3, UTHRAM, ARIYANKUZHI, KAMALESWARAM,
MANACAUD PO, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM - 695 009
11 ADDL.R11. K.SANAL
AGED 57 YEARS, S/O.KUSALAN, TC 39/1653(2),
THALAYATTUVILAKATHUVEEDU, KURYATHI,
MANACAUD PO, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM - 695 009
12 ADDL.R12. K.JAYAKUMAR, AGED 68 YEARS,
S/O.SUKUMARAN NAIR, VINAYAKA, NALUMUKKU,
PALKULANGARA, PETTAH PO,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM - 695 024
[ADDL.R9 TO ADDL.R12 ARE IMPLEADED AS PER ORDER
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-12-
DATED 10.07.2025 IN I.A.2/2025 IN
WP(C)24190/2025].
BY ADVS.
SHRI.SUMAN CHAKRAVARTHY, SC,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION
SRI.P.C.CHACKO(PARATHANAM)
SRI.C.UNNIKRISHNAN (KOLLAM)
SRI K P HARISH, SR.GP
THIS WRIT APPEAL HAVING COME UP FOR ADMISSION ON
06.03.2026, ALONG WITH WA.2540/2025 AND CONNECTED CASES,
THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-13-
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE DEVAN RAMACHANDRAN
&
THE HONOURABLE MRS. JUSTICE M.B. SNEHALATHA
FRIDAY, THE 6TH DAY OF MARCH 2026 / 15TH PHALGUNA, 1947
WA NO. 2610 OF 2025
JUDGMENT DATED 17.08.2023
ARISING FROM :WP(C) NO.20656 OF 2023
APPELLANT/NOT A PARTY TO THE WPC:
SUBAIDHA, AGED 54 YEARS
W/O SUNIL, BISMI MANZIL,
K.S. ROAD, KOVALAM, KOVALAM P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695527.
BY ADVS.
DR.K.P.PRADEEP
SHRI.T.T.BIJU
SMT.SMITHA GOPINATH
SMT.T.THASMI
SMT.M.J.ANOOPA
SMT.POOJA V.M.
RESPONDENTS/RESPONDENTS AND WRIT PETITIONERS NO 1 TO 4 IN
WPC:
1 STATE OF KERALA
REPRESENTED BY ITS PRINCIPAL SECRETARY
REVENUE(U) DEPARTMENT ,
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-14-
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM -695 013
2 THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CIVIL STATION KUDAPPANKUNNU
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695043
3 THE TAHSILDAR
TALUK OFFICE ROAD, EAST FORT, PAZHAVANGADI,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695023
4 THE VILLAGE OFFICER
VANCHIYOOR, FORT P.O, EAST FORT, PAZHAVANGADI,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695023
5 THE KERALA STATE ROAD TRANSPORT CORPORATION
REPRESENTED BY ITS MANAGING DIRECTOR, TRANSPORT
BHAVAN, FORT, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695023
6 V. VIJAYAKUMAR, AGED 67 YEARS
S/O VASUDAVAN NAIR, T.C. 30/243, RAJEEVAM,
KALLUMOODU, ANAYARA P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN - 695029
7 S. JAYAKUMAR, AGED 67 YEARS
S/O SUKUMARAN, VINAYAKA, NALUMUKKU,
PALKULANGARA, PETTAH P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN - 695024
8 K. SANAL, AGED 56 YEARS
S/O KUSALAN T.C. 39/1653(2),
THALAYATTUVILAKATHU VEEDU, KURYATHI, MANACAUD
P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695009
9 NILAMUDEEN. M, AGED 59 YEARS
S/O LATE MOIDEEN KANNU, T C NO 49/429-1 SIMNA
MANZIL, MANCUAD, PRUMKULAM P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695013
*ADDL.R10 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION
REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY,
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-15-
CORPORATION BUILDING, LMS JUNCTION,
VIKAS BHAVAN, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
KERALA, PIN-695 033.
* IS SUO MOTU IMPLEADED AS ADDL.R10 VIDE ORDER
DATED 31.10.2025 IN WA 2610/2025.
BY ADVS.
SRI.P.C.CHACKO(PARATHANAM)
SRI.C.UNNIKRISHNAN (KOLLAM)
SHRI.SUMAN CHAKRAVARTHY, SC,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION
SRI.D.JAYAKRISHNAN
SHRI VIJAYKRISHNAN S. MENON
SHRI.VIVEK NAIR P.
SHRI.G.GOWARDHAN DEV G. NAIR
SHRI.M.R.RADHAKRISHNAN
SHRI.K.S.ARAVIND
SHRI.V.ASWIN
SMT.GARGI RAMACHANDRAN
SMT.NADIYA K.M.
SHRI.SHIBU S.
SRI K P HARISH, SR.GP
THIS WRIT APPEAL HAVING COME UP FOR ADMISSION ON
06.03.2026, ALONG WITH WA.2540/2025 AND CONNECTED CASES,
THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-16-
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM
PRESENT
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE DEVAN RAMACHANDRAN
&
THE HONOURABLE MRS. JUSTICE M.B. SNEHALATHA
FRIDAY, THE 6TH DAY OF MARCH 2026 / 15TH PHALGUNA, 1947
WA NO. 2667 OF 2025
JUDGMENT DATED 17.08.2023
ARISING FROM WP(C) NO.20656 OF 2023
APPELLANTS/NOT A PARTY TO THE WPC:
1 RAMA V, AGED 46 YEARS
W/O RAVEENDRAN M, TC 22/256, ATTUKAL, MANACAUD
P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695009
2 RANI B, AGED 52 YEARS
W/O MANIYAN K, TC 41/1824 MAHALEKSMI BHAVAN,
MRA 195, MANACAUD, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN -
695009
3 BINDU B, AGED 46 YEARS
D/O VELAPPAN, TC 57/638(6) MURUKESH NIVAS,
NELLIYODUMELE, NELLIYOD TEMPLE, THIRUVALLAM,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695027
4 RENUKA, AGED 45 YEARS
D/O VIJAYAMMA, TC 64/1570, THOTTINKARA VEEDU,
MADHUPALAM, KARUMOM P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
PIN - 695002
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-17-
5 GIRIJA B, AGED 66 YEARS
W/O RAGHAVAN, RATHEESH BHAVAN, SANTHIVILA,
KURUMI, NEMOM P.O., KALLIYOOR,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695020
6 RAMA DEVI R, AGED 61 YEARS
W/O MOHANAN, MANOJ BHAVAN, KIZHAKKEKARA,
MAVUVILA PUTHEN VEEDU, NEYYATTINKARA,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695121
7 MANOJ. R, AGED 43 YEARS
S/O RAJAPPAN, TC 36/138(6),
KIZHZKKEMUDUMBIL VEEDU, PERUNTHANNI,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695008
8 ABDUL HAKKIM A, AGED 49 YEARS
S/O ABDUL KHADER, TC 69/1421-1, KALIPPANKULAM,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695009
9 MINI R, AGED 44 YEARS
D/O MANIYAN, TC 72/2268/141 SHIVANANDHANAM,
KARIMADAM COLONY, MANACAUD CHALA P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695036
0 FIROZ KHAN M, AGED 46 YEARS
S/O MUHAMMAD BASHEER, FARSANA HOUSE, PACHALLOOR
P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695027
11 LEELA N, AGED 62 YEARS
W/O SELVAM, TC 29/721, DERA-20, SANTHI
BHAVANAM, PALKULANGARA, PETTAH P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695024
12 RADHAKRISHNAN R, AGED 61 YEARS
S/O A SIVATHANU PILLAI, SIVANAND BUILDINGS TC
38/2020, VIVEKANANDA STREET, ARYASALA,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695036
13 RUGMINI P, AGED 77 YEARS
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-18-
W/O JOHNSON J , PUTHUVAVILA POTTA, KAVALLUR
LANE, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695013
14 CHANDRAN NAIR G, AGED 54 YEARS
S/O GOPALAKRISHNAN NAIR SEMANDAKAM,
KUDAVOOR P.O., MELTHONNAKKAL,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695313
BY ADVS.
DR.K.P.PRADEEP
SHRI.T.T.BIJU
SMT.SMITHA GOPINATH
SMT.T.THASMI
SMT.M.J.ANOOPA
SMT.POOJA V.M.
RESPONDENTS/RESPONDENTS AND WRIT PETITIONERS IN WPC:
1 STATE OF KERALA
REPRESENTED BY ITS PRINCIPAL SECRETARY,
REVENUE (U) DEPARTMENT,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695001
2 DISTRICT COLLECTOR
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, CIVIL STATION,
KUDAPPANJUNNU, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN -
695043
3 THE TAHSILDAR,
TALUK OFFICE ROAD, EAST FORT, PZHAVANGADI,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695023
4 THE VILLAGE OFFICER
VANCHIYOOR, FORT P.O., EAST FORT,
PAZHAVANGADI, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695023
5 THE KERALA STATE ROAD TRANSPORT CORPORATION
REPRESENTED BY ITS MANAGING DIRECTOR,
TRANSPORT BHAVAN, FORT,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695023
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-19-
6 V. VIJAYAKUMAR, AGED 67 YEARS
S/O VASUDAVAN NAIR, T.C. 30/243, RAJEEVAM,
KALLUMOODU, ANAYARA P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695029
7 S. JAYAKUMAR, AGED 67 YEARS
S/O SUKUMARAN, VINAYAKA, NALUMUKKU,
PALKULANGARA, PETTAH P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695024
8 K. SANAL, AGED 56 YEARS
S/O KUSALAN T.C. 39/1653(2),
THALAYATTUVILAKATHU VEEDU, KURYATHI, MANACAUD
P.O., THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695009
9 NILAMUDEEN. M, AGED 59 YEARS
S/O LATE MOIDEEN KANNU, T C NO 49/429-1 SIMNA
MANZIL, MANCUAD, PRUMKULAM P.O.,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, PIN - 695013
*ADDL.R10 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION
REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY,
CORPORATION BUILDING, LMS JUNCTION,
VIKAS BHAVAN. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM,
KERALA,PIN-695033
*IS SUO MOTU IMPLEADED AS ADDL.R10 VIDE ORDER
DATED 7/11/2025 IN WA 2667/2025.
BY ADVS.
SRI.P.C.CHACKO(PARATHANAM)
SRI.C.UNNIKRISHNAN (KOLLAM)
SHRI.SUMAN CHAKRAVARTHY, SC, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
CORPORATION
SRI.D.JAYAKRISHNAN
SHRI.K.S.ARAVIND
SHRI.VIVEK NAIR P.
SHRI.V.ASWIN
SHRI.M.R.RADHAKRISHNAN
SHRI.G.GOWARDHAN DEV G. NAIR
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-20-
SHRI.SHIBU S.
SMT.GARGI RAMACHANDRAN
SMT.NADIYA K.M.
SHRI VIJAYKRISHNAN S. MENON
SRI K P HARISH, SR.GP
THIS WRIT APPEAL HAVING COME UP FOR ADMISSION ON
06.03.2026, ALONG WITH WA.2540/2025 AND CONNECTED CASES,
THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING:
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025,
2610/2025 & 2667/2025
-21-
JUDGMENT
[WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025, 2667/2025] Devan Ramachandran, J.
The appellants in all these Appeals are the same and we, therefore, proceed to dispose them of jointly, through this judgment.
2. The genesis of the controversy in these cases is that certain persons in occupation of revenue land - subsequently handed over by the Government to the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) - were allotted an alternative land ('the land' for short hereinafter).
3. Certain events happened thereafter, which are not relevant to us in consideration of these Appeals; but a learned Judge of this Court decided W.P(C)No.20656/2023, filed by the 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -22- aforementioned persons, directing the Government to ensure that 'the land' is allotted to them and that they are rehabilitated.
4. The appellants herein, however, say that 'the land' was occupied by them for the last more than two decades and that they are protected under the Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014 ('Act' for short); but that, when they were sought to be evicted notwithstanding this, solely to give effect to the aforesaid judgment, they had no other option, but to approach this Court through Writ Petitions at each stage of the action taken to evict them, namely, vide 24190/2025 and 27713/2025.
5. It transpires that the appellants sought for an interim order in the aforesaid Writ Petitions against their eviction and for 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -23- enforcement of their statutory rights under the 'Act'; but that a learned Judge of this Court refused to grant them, holding that the judgment in W.P(C)No.20656/2023 stand in their way and that they cannot cause any impediment to the rehabilitation of the persons mentioned therein.
6. This led the appellants to file two Appeals against the judgment in W.P(C)No.20656 of 2023 - after obtaining leave as third parties
- which have been numbered as W.A.Nos.2667/2025 and 2610/2025; and also the other Appeals, against the interim orders in the aforementioned Writ Petitions, declining them relief as sought for.
7. Dr.K.P.Pradeep - learned counsel for the appellants, argued that his clients' rights under the 'Act' are statutory in nature and 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -24- hence cannot be overridden by the Authorities, in trying to rehabilitate another set of people who are also street vendors. He argued that, however, the learned Single Judge has issued the interim orders, which are impugned in W.A.Nos.2540/2025 and 2539/2025, virtually abrogating all such rights and holding that even Section 33 of the 'Act' will have to be ignored in view of the judgment in W.P(C)No.20656/2023. He showed us that the learned Single Judge has further gone on to say that the aforesaid judgment of this Court cannot be stultified by placing reliance on Section 33 of the 'Act'; and hence that his clients have now been left without any remedy or protection, even though they are covered by the provisions of the Statutory Scheme. He complained that, on account of the impugned interim orders, the Writ 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -25- Petitions are now virtually rendered infructuous, since no further relief can be granted therein on account of the observations of the learned Single Judge. He explained that, it is, therefore, that they have also been constrained to approach this Court through W.A.Nos.2667/2025 and 2610/2025, impugning the judgment in the W.P(C)No.20656/2023.
8. Sri.P.C.Chacko - learned Standing Counsel for the KSRTC, submitted that, after the issuance of the interim orders impugned, a building has been constructed on 'the land', which is to be occupied by the writ petitioners in W.P(C)No.20656/2023. He argued that, therefore, these Appeals are untenable.
9. Sri.C.Unnikrishnan - learned counsel for the persons who are sought to be rehabilitated by the Government, affirmed that 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -26- the construction of the building has been completed on 'the land', and that his clients will be occupying it as per law, in due course.
10. Sri.Suman Chakravarthy - learned Standing Counsel for the Thiruvananthapuram Corporation, submitted that, though the appellants are street vendors - being included in the Survey List prepared by his client under the 'Act' - they have not been allowed to do their business in 'the land' in question, or to occupy it, particularly since a certificate of vending has not yet been issued to them.
11. The learned Senior Government Pleader
- Sri.K.P.Harish, argued that the claim of the appellants is wholly unacceptable, even factually because, there is nothing on record to show that they were ever occupying 'the land' or doing business from it as per law. He contended 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -27- that, going by the Mahazar prepared at the time when 'the land' was handed over to the persons sought to be rehabilitated, nothing has been mentioned about the eviction of the appellants, or that any notice or action was taken against them as being persons in its possession.
12. As rightly pointed out by Dr.K.P.Pradeep, the learned Single Judge has issued the impugned interim orders, following the judgment in W.P(C)No.20656/2023, in which, the appellants were not parties. No doubt, in the said judgment, the only question was whether the persons sought to be rehabilitated had been given 'the land'; and if the rehabilitation provided by the Government is to be implemented.
13. Factually, had the appellants been using 'the land' as street hawkers, or if they were occupying it in such capacity or another, 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -28- then certainly the processes of law to evict them ought to have been taken. This is relevant because, the argument of Dr.K.P.Pradeep is that his clients are protected by Section 33 of the 'Act'; and that the definition of 'street' as provided therein covers public and private areas.
14. Essentially, therefore, the dispute is in the realm of facts, as to whether the appellants were ever in possession of 'the land', and whether they were continuing their business from there, as stated by them, for over 20 or 30 years. This issue has never been resolved at any stage, including in the Writ Petitions still pending before the learned Single Judge; though at the time when W.P(C)27713/25 - from which W.A.No..2540/25 - was pending, the Deputy Collector (LR) submitted 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -29- a report as per the orders of this Court to the effect that the appellants were conducting sale of coconut near the Pazhavangadi Maha Ganapathi temple; and that they appeared to be stocking their articles both on the road and 'the land'.
15. That said, it is virtually conceded that a building has been constructed on 'the land'; but this is explained by Dr.K.P.Pradeep, saying that it was done after the impugned interim orders have been issued. This again, is a question of fact, which cannot be resolved by us in an Appeal of this nature.
16. Suffice to say, the question whether the appellants herein were occupiers of 'the land' as street vendors and were using it in such capacity, under any licence or permission granted by the Corporation of Thiruvananthapuram, is still a relevant aspect, 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -30- which will have to be decided by the learned Single Judge. This cannot be refused to be considered merely because there is a judgment in W.P(C)No.20656/2023, since the appellants, as said above, were not parties to it and could not contest it, except through a subsequent Appeal.
17. The findings of the learned Single Judge in the impugned orders qua the contentions of the appellants based on the 'Act' surely can only be seen to be prima facie in nature, since the Writ Petitions are pending; and it will have to be evaluated as per law, particularly from the angle of their rights and subsequent rehabilitation, if so required.
18. To paraphrase, the crux of the aspects presented remains in the factual realm, namely, whether the appellants were ever in occupation of 'the land' and were using it as street 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -31- vendors. As long as this is not decided, nothing contained in the impugned interim orders can preclude their remedies, or their right to impel their contentions.
19. In such perspective, we see no reason to keep these Appeals pending because, we are without doubt that all issues will have to be now considered by the learned Single Judge, after affording necessary opportunities to both sides.
Resultantly,
(a) We dispose of W.A.Nos.2667/2025 and 2610/2025, based on our afore observations; clarifying that the impugned judgment would not stand in the way of the appellants pursuing their remedies available in law, as invoked by them in the Writ Petitions pending before the learned Single Judge.
2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -32-
(b) W.A.Nos.2539/2025 and 2540/2025 are also disposed of based on our afore observations; however, clarifying that none of the observations of the learned Single Judge in the impugned interim orders, particularly qua the ambit and sweep of the 'Act', would fetter or constrain the consideration of every claim of the appellants and the other parties, in terms of law, when the Writ Petitions are finally decided.
Sd/-
DEVAN RAMACHANDRAN JUDGE Sd/-
M.B.SNEHALATHA
akv JUDGE
2026:KER:20685
WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -33- APPENDIX OF WA NO. 2540 OF 2025 PETITIONER ANNEXURES Annexure A1 TRUE COPY OF THE RELEVANT PAGES OF THE SURVEY LIST PREPARED BY THE 6TH RESPONDENT Annexure A2 TRUE COPY OF THE STATEMENT DATED 14- 08-2025 FILED BY THE 6TH RESPONDENT IN WP(C) NO 24190 OF 2025 Annexure A3 TRUE COPY OF THE ORDER DATED 15-10- 2025 IN RP NO 1358 OF 2025 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -34- APPENDIX OF WA NO. 2539 OF 2025 RESPONDENT ANNEXURES Annexure R9(a) TRUE COPY OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN AT THE LAND LEASED BY THE GOVERNMENT 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -35- APPENDIX OF WA NO. 2610 OF 2025 RESPONDENT EXHIBITS EXHIBIT-R5(A) TRUE COPY OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE 3 CENTS OF PROPERTY COVERED UNDER EXHIBIT-P2 ORDER.
EXHIBIT-R5(B) TRUE COPY OF THE PATTA ISSUED BY THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR, THIRUVANANTHPAURAM TO THE 5TH RESPONDENT DATED 28.09.2008.
EXHIBIT-R5(C) TRUE COPY OF THE LAND TAX RECEIPT ISSUED FROM THE VANCHIYOOR VILLAGE DATED 24.06.2017 EXHIBIT-R5(D) TRUE COPY OF THE THANDAPER ACCOUNT OF THE 72.250 CENTS DATED 19.09.2015 ISSUED BY THE VILLAGE OFFICE VANCHIYOOR EXHIBIT-R5(E) TRUE COPY OF THE LOCATION CERTIFICATE ISSUED BY THE VILLAGE OFFICE, VANCHIYOOR DATED 19.09.2015 EXHIBIT-R5(F) TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT DATED 08.11.2016 IN K.SABU VS. STATE OF KERALA EXHIBIT-R5(G) TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT DATED 29.10.2018 IN K.SABU VS. STATE OF KERALA AND ORS. IN W.P.(C) NO. 22911 OF 2018 OF THIS HON'BLE COURT EXHIBIT-R5(H) TRUE COPY OF THE ORDER DATED 19.06.2025 ISSUED BY THE 5TH RESPONDENT TO THE ENCROACHERS WITH READABLE COPY EXHIBIT-R5(I) TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT DATED 30.07.2025 IN C.A. N. SUBRMANIYA SARMA AND ORS. V.S STATE OF KERALA AND ORS.IN W.P.C NO. 39438 OF 2024 OF THIS HONBLE COURT 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -36- PETITIONER ANNEXURES ANNEXURE A1 TRUE COPY OF THE STATEMENT FILED BY THE GOVERNMENT PLEADER IN WP(C) NO 24190 OF 2025 ANNEXURE A2 TRUE COPY OF THE REPORT ALONG WITH MEMO FILED BY THE GOVERNMENT PLEADER IN WP (C) NO 27713 OF 2025 RESPONDENT ANNEXURES ANNEXURE R6 (A) TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT DATED 29.10.2018 IN WPC 22911/2018 IS PRODUCED ANNEXURE R6 (B) TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGEMENT DATED 17.08.2023 IN WPC 20656/2023 ANNEXURE R6 (C) TRUE COPY OF THE GO. (MS) NO.313/2020/REV DATED 29-12-2020 WHEREBY THE LAND WAS LEASED TO THE MERCHANTS ANNEXURE R6 (D) TRUE COPY OF G.O. (MS) NO.201/2024/RD DATED 18-10-2024 WHEREBY THE LEASE AMOUNT WAS CORRECTED TO ONE HAVING PROPERTIES LESS THAN 40 SQ M ANNEXURE R6 (E) TRUE COPY OF THE MINUTES NO. B8- 86324/08 DATED 09.07.2008 OF THE 2ND RESPONDENT ANNEXURE R6 (F) TRUE COPY OF THE MAHAZAR DATED 16.05.2023 PREPARED BY THE VILLAGE OFFICER, VANCHIYOOR ANNEXURE R6 (G) THE TRUE COPY OF THE MAHAZAR DATED 04.09.2023 PREPARED BY THE VILLAGE OFFICER, VANCHIYOOR ANNEXURE R6 (H) TRUE COPY OF THE SKETCH COUNTERSIGNED BY THE TAHSILDAR AND TALUK SURVEYOR IS PRODUCED AND MARKED DATED NIL ANNEXURE R6 (I) TRUE COPY OF THE SITE APPROVAL WITH PERMIT NO BP/8863/2025 DATED 16.03.2025 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -37- ANNEXURE R6 (J) TRUE COPY OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN AT THE LAND LEASED BY THE GOVERNMENT ANNEXURE R6 (K) TRUE COPY OF THE INTERIM ORDER DATED 09.10.2025 IN WPC 24190/2025 AND WPC 27713/2025 ANNEXURE-R10(A) A TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT DATED 30.07.2025 IN IN WP(C) NO.39438/2024 2026:KER:20685 WA Nos.2540/2025, 2539/2025, 2610/2025 & 2667/2025 -38- APPENDIX OF WA NO. 2667 OF 2025 RESPONDENT ANNEXURES ANNEXURE R6(A) TRUE COPY OF THE ORDER DATED 09.10.2025 IN WPC 24190/2025 AND WPC 27713/2025 ALONG WITH ITS APPENDIX ANNEXURE R6(B) TRUE COPY OF THE MAHAZAR DATED 16.05.2023 PREPARED BY THE VILLAGE OFFICER, VANCHIYOOR ANNEXURE R6(C) TRUE COPY OF THE MAHAZAR DATED 04.09.2023 PREPARED BY THE VILLAGE OFFICER, VANCHIYOOR ANNEXURE R6(D) THIS IS THE TRUE COPY OF THE PHOTOGRAPH OF THE GOVERNMENT LAND BEFORE CONSTRUCTION ANNEXURE R6(E) THIS IS THE TRUE COPY OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE SITUATION AFTER INTERIM ORDER DATED 08.11.2025 ANNEXURE-R10(A) A TRUE COPY OF THE JUDGMENT DATED 30.07.2025 IN IN WP(C) NO.39438/2024