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[Cites 5, Cited by 2]

Gujarat High Court

R.S. Bhatt vs Gujarat Public Service Commission & 2 on 29 January, 2016

Author: Abhilasha Kumari

Bench: Abhilasha Kumari

                  C/SCA/7580/2008                                          CAV JUDGMENT




                      IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD

                         SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 7580 of 2008



         FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:



         HONOURABLE SMT. JUSTICE ABHILASHA KUMARI
         ==========================================================

1 Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed Yes to see the judgment ?

2 To be referred to the Reporter or not ? Yes 3 Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of No the judgment ?

4 Whether this case involves a substantial question of No law as to the interpretation of the Constitution of India or any order made thereunder ? ========================================================== R.S. BHATT....Petitioner Versus GUJARAT PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION & 2....Respondents ========================================================== Appearance:

MR VAIBHAV A VYAS, ADVOCATE for the Petitioner MR PREMAL R JOSHI, ADVOCATE for Respondent No. 1 MS VS PATHAK, ASSISTANT GOVERNMENT PLEADER for Respondents Nos.2 and 3 ========================================================== CORAM: HONOURABLE SMT. JUSTICE ABHILASHA KUMARI Date : 29/01/2016 C.A.V. JUDGMENT
1. The   present   petition   under   Article   226   of   the  Page 1 of 29 HC-NIC Page 1 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT Constitution of India has been preferred, inter  alia, with a prayer to quash and set aside the  communication   dated   13.11.2007,   issued   by  respondent   No.1   -   Gujarat   Public   Service  Commission ("GPSC"), whereby, the candidature of  the   petitioner   for   recruitment   on   the   post   of  Assistant   Director/   Administrative   Officer,  Class­II, has been rejected.
2. A short, but pertinent question arises for the  consideration   of   the   Court   in   the   present  petition, in the following factual matrix.

The GPSC issued Advertisement No.180/2006­07 for  recruitment on the post of Assistant Director/  Administrative   Officer,   Class­II.   This  advertisement was published in the newspapers on  06.12.2006.   The   last   date   for   submission   of  applications   was   05.01.2007.   The   first  requirement   for   the   said   post,   as   per   the  Administrative   Officer   /   Assistant   Director/  Manager   (Publication   Stationery)   Recruitment  Rules, 1982 ("the Recruitment Rules" for short),  insofar   as   direct   selection   is   concerned,   is  Page 2 of 29 HC-NIC Page 2 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT that  the candidate  should  not be more  than  35  years of age. However, provision has been made  in   the   Rules   to   relax   the   age   limit   under  certain   circumstances,   with   which   we   are   not  concerned   in   the   present   petition,   as   the  petitioner was within the prescribed age limit  at the time he made the application. The second  requirement   is   that   the   candidate   must   have  passed   a   degree   examination   from   a   recognized  University   or   its   equivalent.   The   petitioner  meets   with   this   requirement   as   well,   as   he  possesses a degree of Bachelor of Commerce from  the   Gujarat   University   and   is   also   a   law  graduate   from   the   same   University.   The   third  qualification   required   for   the   post,   which   is  relevant   in   the   present   case,   is   that   the  candidate must have administrative experience of  about   five   years   in   a   Government   or   semi­ Government   institution   or   commercial   concern.  Insofar as this requirement is concerned, it is  the   case   of   the   petitioner   that   he   joined  service   under   the   State   Government   in   the  Department   of   Printing   and   Stationery,   as   a  Page 3 of 29 HC-NIC Page 3 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT Junior Clerk, in the year 1983. He was promoted,  in due course, to the post of Senior Clerk, in  the year 2001 and was working on the said post  when   he   applied   for   the   post   in   question.  According   to   the   petitioner,   he   fulfills   the  requirement of experience as well, therefore, he  is eligible and qualified for appointment to the  post   in   question.   However,   the   candidature   of  the petitioner came to be rejected by the GPSC  on   the   ground   that   the   petitioner   does   not  possess  the requisite experience as it is only  the experience on the post of Superintendent or  Head   Clerk,   which   are   the   feeder   posts   for  promotion, that is to be counted. According to  the   GPSC,   the   administrative   experience   gained  by   the   petitioner   was   on   the   posts   of   Junior  Clerk and Senior Clerk, which are not the feeder  posts   for   promotion   to   the   post   of  Administrative   Officer/   Assistant   Director/  Manager (Publication), therefore, the petitioner  is   ineligible   and   his   candidature   cannot   be  considered.   Aggrieved   by   the   rejection   of   his  candidature   by   the   GPSC   vide   the   impugned  Page 4 of 29 HC-NIC Page 4 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT communication   dated   13.11.2007,   the   petitioner  is before this Court. 

3. Mr.Vaibhav   A.Vyas,   learned   advocate   for   the  petitioner, has submitted that the stand of the  GPSC that the administrative experience required  for the post can only be the experience gained  on   a   feeder   post   for   promotion,   is   absolutely  against the Recruitment Rules. It is submitted  that   the   Recruitment   Rules   do   not   specify   on  which   post   the   experience   should   have   been  gained.   Had   it   been   the   intention   of   the  legislature to limit the experience only to the  feeder   posts   for   promotion   to   the   post   in  question,   it   would   have   been   explicitly  mentioned in the Recruitment Rules, as has been  done in the Rule pertaining to promotion to the  said   post.   The   Recruitment   Rules   do   not   limit  the   experience   gained   by   a   candidate   to   any  particular post insofar as direct recruitment is  concerned. The interpretation of the Recruitment  Rules made by the GPSC is impermissible, as the  Rules have to be read as they are and cannot be  restricted  in  the manner  that is sought  to  be  Page 5 of 29 HC-NIC Page 5 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT done by the GPSC. 

4. It   is   further   submitted   that   the   process   of  recruitment   by   direct   selection   is   different  from   the   process   of   selection   by   promotion   as  there   are   different   eligibility   criteria   for  both modes of selection. The petitioner has been  working   for   twenty­three   years   in   the   same  Government Department. He, therefore, meets with  the   criteria   of   five   years'   administrative  experience   in   a   Government   or   semi­Government  institution. The Recruitment Rules provide that  the experience of five years can be gained not  only   in   a   Government   or   semi­Government  Department,   but   also   in   a   commercial   concern.  Such   concerns   may,   or   may   not,   have   the   same  feeder   posts   as   are   required   for   promotion.  Hence, the stand of the GPSC for rejecting the  candidature of the petitioner only on the ground  that   he   does   not   possess   the   necessary  experience on the post of Superintendent or Head  Clerk,   is   unjustified   and   contrary   to   the  Recruitment Rules. 

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5. Learned counsel for the petitioner has drawn the  attention of the Court to the proviso to Rule 3 

(c) of the Recruitment Rules and submitted that,  not   only   is   the   petitioner   eligible   in   all  respects   as   per   the   said   Rules,   he   is   also  required   to   be   given   preference,   as   he   has  obtained a Degree in Law, which aspect is stated  in the Recruitment Rules. 

6. In support of his submissions, learned counsel  for   the   petitioner   has   placed   reliance   upon   a  judgment of a Division Bench of this Court dated  19/20.03.2012 rendered in Letters Patent Appeal  No.2034   of   2010   in   Special   Civil   Application  No.12453   of   2009   (Gujarat   Public   Service   Commission v. Dr.D.S.Maru & Anr.), to buttress  the   contention   that   the   intention   of   the  legislature is to be gathered from the language  of the Rules. 

7. Mr.Premal R.Joshi, learned counsel for the GPSC  has   submitted   that   usually,   the   experience  required   for   recruitment   to   a   higher   post   is  expected to be that of the feeder post and not  Page 7 of 29 HC-NIC Page 7 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT the   experience   gained   on   a   lower   post.   The  experience gained by the petitioner on a lower  post,   therefore,   cannot   be   considered.   It   is  further submitted that the Recruitment Rules for  direct   selection   are   silent   about   the   post   on  which   the   candidate   is   required   to   have   five  years' experience. In such a case, the adequacy  of experience ought to be left to the subjective  satisfaction of the Competent Authority, such as  the   GPSC.   In   support   of   this   submission,  reliance   has   been   placed   upon   the   judgment   of  the   Supreme   Court   in  Rajasthan   Public   Service   Commission  v. Kaila  Kumar  Paliwal  And  Another  

- (2007)10 SCC 260. 

8. Learned   counsel   for   the   GPSC   has   further  submitted that the experience of a Senior Clerk,  which is the post held by the petitioner, cannot  be   equated   with   the   experience   of   a  Superintendent   or   Head   Clerk.   The   duties  attached   to   these   posts   are   different,   as   are  the   pay­scales.   Besides,   the   feeder   cadre   for  the post of Head Clerk is Senior Clerk. A Senior  Clerk has to work under the supervision of the  Page 8 of 29 HC-NIC Page 8 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT Head Clerk, therefore, the post of Senior Clerk  is subordinate to the post of Head Clerk. Thus,  on no count can the experience on the post of  Senior Clerk be held to be equal to that gained  on the post of Head Clerk. 

9. On the above grounds, it is submitted that there  is no error on the part of the GPSC in passing  the   impugned   order;   hence,   the   petition   be  rejected. 

10. The   State   Government   has   not   filed   any  affidavit­in­reply.   Ms.V.S.Pathak,   learned  Assistant   Government   Pleader,   has   only   stated  that she would support the stand of the GPSC. 

11. Before deciding the issue regarding the adequacy  of the experience possessed by the petitioner,  it   may   be   relevant   to   note   that   during   the  pendency   of   the   petition,   this   Court,   while  issuing   Rule   vide   order   dated   15.09.2008,  granted   interim   relief   in   terms   of   Paragraph  6(F)   of   the   petition,   subject   to   the   final  decision of the petition. The interim prayer of  Paragraph 6(F) is to direct the authorities of  Page 9 of 29 HC-NIC Page 9 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT the GPSC to permit the petitioner to participate  in the selection process for the recruitment to  the   post   of   Assistant   Director/   Administrative  Officer, Class­II, subject to the outcome of the  petition. 

12. Pursuant to the above order, the petitioner was  permitted   to   appear   in   the   interview   for   the  post in question and his result was kept in a  sealed cover. As is reflected in the order dated  18.02.2013,   the   result   of   the   petitioner   was  produced   before   this   Court   by   the   GPSC   in   a  sealed cover, which was opened in the presence  of learned counsel for the respective parties.  It was found that the petitioner has been placed  at Sr.No.1 of the Wait List. 

13. It   has   been   submitted   by   Mr.Vaibhav   A.Vyas,  learned   advocate   for   the   petitioner,   that  neither   of   the   two   selected   candidates   have  joined   their   duties   and   the   posts   are   still  vacant. Nothing to the contrary has been stated,  and no document produced, by learned counsel for  the respondents.  

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14. This   Court   has   heard   learned   counsel   for   the  respective   parties   at   length,   perused   the  documents   on   record   and   considered   the   rival  submissions.

15. When   the   GPSC   had   issued   an   advertisement   for  recruitment on two posts of Assistant Director/  Administrative   Officer,   Class­II,   being  Advertisement No.180/2006­07, the petitioner was  serving   as   a   Senior   Clerk   in   the   Government  Department   of   Printing   and   Stationery.   He  applied   for   the   post   in   question   as   a   direct  recruit.   The   petitioner   had   joined   service   in  the  Department as a  Junior Clerk,  in  the  year  1983. He was, thereafter, promoted to the post  of Senior Clerk in the year 2001. 

16. The Recruitment Rules for the post in question  specify two modes for filling up the post. The  first   mode   is   by   promotion   of   the   in­service  employees and the second is by direct selection  from   amongst   all   eligible   and   qualified  candidates   from   the   open   market.   The   relevant  extract is reproduced below: 

Page 11 of 29

HC-NIC Page 11 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT "2. Appointment   to   the   post   of  Administrative   Officer/   Assistant   Director   /   Manager   (Publication)  in   the  Gujarat   State   Service   Class­II   in   the   Printing and Stationery Department  shall  be   made either:­
a) by   promotion  of   a   person   of   proved  merit   and   efficiency   from   amongst   the   persons   working   as   Superintendent/   Head  Clerk in the Subordinate Service, Class­III,  in the Printing & Stationery Department and  who   has   served   as   such   for   a   period   of   at   least   five   years   and   have   also   passed   the  prescribed department examination; or
b) by direct selection
3. To   be   eligible   for   appointment   by   direct   selection  to  the  posts  mentioned in  rule 2, a candidate must:­
a) not be more than 35 years of age:
Provided   that   the   upper   age   limit   may   be  relaxed in favour of a candidate possessing  exceptionally   good   qualification   or  experience or both;
Provided   further   that   the   upper   age   limit  may also be relaxed in favour of a candidate   already   in   service   of   the   Government   of  Page 12 of 29 HC-NIC Page 12 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT Gujarat in accordance with the provisions of   Gujarat   Civil   Services   Classification   and  Recruitment (General) Rules, 1967 as amended  from time to time.
b) have   passed   a   degree   examination   of   a  recognized   University   or   its   equivalent  examination.
c) have administrative experience of about   five years in Government or semi­Government   institutions or Commercial concern.

Provided   that   the   qualification   regarding  experience may be relaxed in the case of a  candidate belonging to the Scheduled Castes  and   Scheduled   Tribes,   at   any   stage   of  Selection,   if   the   Gujarat   Public   Service  Commission is of the opinion that sufficient   number of candidates from these communities  possessing the requisite experience are not  likely   to   be   available   to   fill   up   the   vacancies reserved for them:

Provided   further   that  the   preference   shall   be   given   to   a   candidate   who   possess,   in   addition:­
i) a degree in law; and
ii) have  knowledge of labour  laws,  factory  act, printing processes, etc."
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HC-NIC Page 13 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT (emphasis supplied) As   can   be   seen   from   a   perusal   of   the   above  Rules,   the   post   of   Administrative   Officer   /  Assistant   Director   /   Manager   (Publication),  Class­II, is to be filled in by promotion from  amongst in­service candidates who belong to the  feeder cadre, that is, Superintendents and Head  Clerks   serving   in   the   Printing   and   Stationery  Department,   and   by   direct   recruitment.   The  eligibility   criteria   for   both   the   modes   for  filling up the posts are meticulously laid down  in the Recruitment Rules. Though the petitioner  was serving in the same Department, he did not  fall in the zone of consideration for promotion.  However,   considering   himself   eligible   and  qualified   as   per   the   Recruitment   Rules,   the  petitioner applied as a direct recruit. 

17. Promotion is a different method of filling up a  post than direct recruitment. In promotion, the  eligible   candidates   are   limited   only   to   those  serving on the specified feeder cadres   as per  Rules. The scope is, therefore, quite limited.  The   process   of   direct   recruitment,   however,  Page 14 of 29 HC-NIC Page 14 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT opens   up   a   wider   area   for   consideration   where  all eligible and qualified persons, whether in­ service candidates or fresh hands, can apply for  recruitment to the post in question. 

18. Rule 2 of the Recruitment Rules provides for the  promotion of an employee from the feeder cadres  of Superintendent or Head Clerk to the post of  Administrative   Officer/   Assistant   Director   /  Manager   (Publication).   A   perusal   of   the   Rule  would   indicate   that   apart   from   merit   and  efficiency,   the   eligible   employees   from   the  feeder cadre ought to have served the Department  on the feeder post for a period of at least five  years   and   to   have   passed   the   prescribed  Departmental   Examination.   If   Rule   3   of   the  Recruitment   Rules,   which   pertains   to   direct  selection,  is  compared  with  Rule 2, it can  be  observed that the eligibility criteria enshrined  therein are quite different. There is no dispute  regarding the fact that the petitioner qualifies  the   criteria   of   age   and   educational  qualifications. The only hurdle faced by him is  regarding   the   requisite   administrative  Page 15 of 29 HC-NIC Page 15 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT experience of five years in a Government, semi­ Government   institution   or   commercial   concern.  According   to   the   petitioner,   he   possesses   the  necessary   administrative   experience   in   a  Government Department, as he has been serving in  the   same   Department   for   the   past   twenty­three  years,   first   on   the   post   of   Junior   Clerk   and  later as a Senior Clerk. 

19. The   candidature   of   the   petitioner   has   been  rejected by the GPSC solely on the construction  it is putting on Rule 3(c), by interpreting it  in a manner that, according to them, means that  the administrative experience of five years is  required   to   be   gained   on   the   feeder   post   of  Superintendent or Head Clerk, only. The stand of  the GPSC is that, as the petitioner has served  as   a   Junior   Clerk   and   Senior   Clerk,   the  experience   gained   by   him   on   the   said   posts,  cannot be considered, as those posts do not form  the feeder cadres for the post in question. 

20. Upon a careful perusal of the Recruitment Rules,  it becomes clear that the stand of the GPSC that  Page 16 of 29 HC-NIC Page 16 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT the experience stated in Rule 3(c) pertains only  to   that   gained   on   the   feeder   posts,   is  intrinsically flawed. If the stand taken by the  GPSC   is   accepted,   it   would   have   a   disastrous  effect. No person who is eligible or qualified  for   the   post   by   direct   selection   can   ever   be  selected by this method, if he is working in the  same   Department   of   the   State   Government.   The  result   would   be   that   only   persons   who   are  qualified for promotion would be qualified for  direct recruitment. This would tilt the balance  of the Rules in favour of promotees and rob the  potential direct recruits of an opportunity to  compete   for   the   post.     The   method   of   direct  recruitment cannot be limited or restricted in  such a manner by a distorted interpretation of  the Recruitment Rules. Besides, the chances of  persons   working   in   Government,   semi­Government  or Commercial concerns, other than the Printing  and   Stationery   Department,   would   be   restricted  if   such   an   interpretation   is   permitted,   even  though they may be otherwise eligible as per the  Recruitment Rules. 

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21. The Recruitment Rules are clear and unambiguous  and need no further interpretation. They are to  be read and understood as they are. Rule 3(c) of  the   Recruitment   Rules   clearly   states   that   the  administrative   experience   of   five   years   should  be   in   a   Government   or   semi­Government  Institution or a Commercial concern. It does not  state   that   the   experience   ought   to   have   been  gained  on  any  particular  post.  It  is  only the  institution where the experience is gained that  is to be seen and not the post on which it is  gained.  The petitioner has gained experience of  twenty­three years in the same Department, which  is   very   much   a   Government   Department.   He,  therefore, clearly meets with the requirement of  Rule 3(c). The interpretation of Rule 3(c) being  made   by   the   GPSC   is   unreasonable   and   uncalled  for,   apart   from     being   unfair.   It   amounts   to  restricting   the   scope   of   the   said   Rule   in   a  manner that would operate unjustly for a large  section   of   eligible,   in­service   candidates   and  candidates from the open market who, obviously,  would not have worked on the feeder posts before  Page 18 of 29 HC-NIC Page 18 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT applying   for   the   post   in   question.   The   GPSC  cannot   be   permitted   to   mix   up   the   Rules  pertaining   to   promotion   and   direct   recruitment  in a manner that amounts to rewriting the Rules. 

22. It is clearly mentioned in Rule 2, which deals  with promotion, that the candidate ought to have  experience   of   at   least   five   years   as   a  Superintendent   or   Head   Clerk,   which   are   the  feeder   cadres,   and   should   have   passed   the  prescribed Departmental Examination. Had it been  the intention of the legislature to restrict the  requirement   of   experience   for   direct   recruits  to only that of the feeder cadre, nothing would  have prevented it from stating so in  Rule 3(c).  The very fact that such an embargo has not been  introduced in Rule 3(c) clearly shows that it is  not intended. The GPSC cannot add into Rule 3(c)  something that is neither stated nor intended by  the legislature. 

23. That   the   petitioner   was   working   as   a   Junior  Clerk   and   Senior   Clerk,   which   posts   are  subordinate to the posts of Superintendent and  Page 19 of 29 HC-NIC Page 19 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT Head   Clerk,   is   immaterial     and   irrelevant  insofar   as   direct   selection   is   concerned.   The  submission   on   the   part   of   the   GPSC   that   the  posts   of   Junior   Clerk   and   Senior   Clerk   carry  different   duties   and   pay­scales   to   those   of  Superintendent   and   Head   Clerk   is   also  irrelevant.   The   Recruitment   Rules   do   not  envisage any comparison   with the work, duties  or   pay­scales   of   the   employees   manning   those  posts. 

24. The crux of the matter is the eligibility of the  petitioner   for   appointment   to   the   post   in  question through direct recruitment. In the view  of   this   Court,   the   petitioner   possesses   the  necessary   experience   as   per   Rule   3(c)   and   is,  therefore, eligible. 

25. Learned counsel for the GPSC has submitted that  the   decision   regarding   the   adequacy   of   the  experience of the petitioner ought to be left to  the   subjective   satisfaction   of   the   Competent  Authority, in this case, the GPSC. In support of  this submission, reliance has been placed upon a  Page 20 of 29 HC-NIC Page 20 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT judgment   of   the   Supreme   Court   in  Rajasthan   Public   Service   Commission   v.   Kaila   Kumar   Paliwal   And   Another   (supra).   That   was   a   case  that turned on its own facts and the particular  recruitment   rules   applicable   for   the   post   of  Head   Master.   According   to   the   Rules,   teaching  experience   of   five   years   was   essential.   The  feeder   post   to   the   post   of   Head   Master   was  Teacher Grade II. For Grade II, the feeder post  was  Grade  III. In view  of  this  hierarchy, the  Supreme   Court   held   that   the   Public   Service  Commission   rightly   decided   that   the   teaching  experience   as   a   Teacher   Grade   III   did   not  satisfy   the   eligibility   conditions   for  appointment   as   Headmaster,   under   the   relevant  rules. 

26. In the present case, the Recruitment Rules for  direct   recruitment   do   not   prescribe   experience  on   any   particular   post   but   state   that   five  years' experience should have been gained in a  Government   or   semi­Government   institution   or   a  commercial concern. Rule 3(c) is much wider in  ambit and would take into its sweep even those  Page 21 of 29 HC-NIC Page 21 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT persons   who   are   not   working   strictly   in   a  Government   or   semi­Government   institution,   but  also   in   a   commercial   concern.   The   judgment   of  the Supreme Court in   Rajasthan Public Service   Commission  v. Kaila  Kumar  Paliwal  And  Another   (supra), does not, in any manner, come to the  aid of the GPSC in the present fact­situation.

27. The GPSC may be an expert body for the selection  of   candidates   but   it   cannot   be   permitted   to  tamper with the Recruitment Rules by making an  interpretation where none is called for, in view  of the clear language of the Rules. There are no  lacunae   in   the   Rules   that   are   required   to   be  filled   up   by   resorting   to   such   a   disastrous  interpretation. 

28. In  Manoj Krishna Nayak and others v. State of   Orissa   and   others   -   AIR   1984   SC   1002,   the  Supreme   Court   was   dealing   with   the   Orissa  Education Service Class II (Recruitment to the  School   Branch)   Rules,   1971,   and   examining   the  conditions   of   eligibility   for   appointment     in  Class­II posts. It was held by the Supreme Court  Page 22 of 29 HC-NIC Page 22 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT that   non­prescription   of   experience   for   direct  recruits was not a ground that could vitiate the  Rules. The Supreme Court, therefore, upheld the  Rules   and   the   language   in   which   they   were  couched. The relevant extract of the judgment is  reproduced hereinbelow:

The   scheme   under   the   Rules   of   filling   up  vacancies   in   Class   II   service   by   direct  recruitment   as   also   promotion   is   not   an  innovation.   There   are   several   services  constituted under law where such schemes are   operating and while in respect of promotees  experience is a requisite qualification, for  direct   recruits   no   experience   is   insisted  upon   as   a   prerequisite.   Hence   non­ prescription   of   experience   for   the   direct  recruits is not a ground which would vitiate   the Rules.
(Para 9) In the above judgment, the Supreme Court upheld  the Rules as they were even though they did not  prescribe for experience in direct recruitments. 
In the present case, five years' experience has  been   prescribed   in   a   Government   or   semi­ Government institution or a commercial concern. 
Page 23 of 29
HC-NIC Page 23 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT The  Rules  have,  therefore, to be read  as  they  are   and   they   cannot   be   restricted   or   rendered  nugatory in the manner sought to be done by the  GPSC. 

29. In  The Director General, Telecommunication and   another v. T.N.Peethambaram - AIR 1987 SC 162,  the Supreme Court was interpreting the Telegraph  Engineering Service (Group B) Recruitment Rules,  1981, and held that:

"Rule"   does   not   employ   the   expression  `aggregate', and it is impossible to inject   the said word in the rule in the disguise of  interpretation,   as   it   would   lead   to   absurd   results. Since the rule does not specify a  different   passing   standard   for   `each'  subject,   the   prescribed   minimum   passing  standard must  be the yardstick to apply to  each of the subjects or items. Minimum must  mean minimum in each, as much as to minimum  in aggregate.
(Para 2) Similarly,   in   the   present   case   as   well,   Rule  3(c) does not employ the expression "experience  on   the   post   of   Superintendent   or   Head   Clerk",  therefore, these words  cannot be injected into  the Rule in the guise of interpretation, as is  Page 24 of 29 HC-NIC Page 24 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT being   done   by   the   GPSC.   Such   a   potentially  mischievous   interpretation   would   cause   great  injustice to candidates such as the petitioner,  who   are   desirous   of   applying   for   the   post   in  question through the mode of direct recruitment,  not   only   in   the   present   case,   but   in   future  cases as well. The injustice resulting from such  an interpretation would be a recurring one. Such  a situation cannot be permitted to arise.

30. Learned   counsel   for   the   petitioner   has   placed  reliance   upon   a   judgment   in  Gujarat   Public   Service   Commission   v.   Dr.D.S.Maru   &   Anr.   (supra), wherein a Division Bench of this Court  has held as below:

"10.   On   perusal   of   the   said   Rules   it   is  specifically noticed that in sub­rule (b) of   Rule   3   of   the   said   Rules,   the   phrase,   "or   equivalent   degree   or   diploma"   is   not  incorporated   by   the   legislation.   Meaning  thereby,   the   Legislature   never   intended   to  confer   a   right   on   the   persons   holding   a  degree   equivalent   to   the   degrees   mentioned  in the said sub­rule. In other words, person   holding any degree other than the ones which   are mentioned in sub­rule (b) of Rule 3 of  Page 25 of 29 HC-NIC Page 25 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT the   said   Rules   are   not   considered   eligible   being   not   at   par   with   the   persons   holding  the degree mentioned in the sub­rule.
It   is   trite   law   that   courts   cannot  legislate. Courts have to interpret the law  as it stands. The legislature in its wisdom  has   thought   fit   not   to   incorporate   the  phrase, "or an equivalent degree or diploma" 

in   sub­rule   (b)   of   Rule   3.   That   being   so,  the court cannot insert that phrase in sub­ rule (b) of Rule 3 of the said Rules.

If at any time, the Legislature  feels like  amending the rule, it can always do so. If  it is felt that the rules as they stand do   not cope up with the required social change,   the same can be amended after following the  procedure prescribed for the same." As   held   by   the   Division   Bench   in   the   above  judgment, since the administrative experience of  five years on the post of "Superintendent/ Head  Clerk" is  not incorporated in Rule 3(c), it can  be gathered that the legislature did not intend  to restrict the experience required for the said  posts in the case of direct recruits. The Rules  are to be interpreted as they are. They cannot  be   read   in   a   manner   that   contemplates   the  addition of something that is not indicated or  Page 26 of 29 HC-NIC Page 26 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT intended,   the   effect   of   which   would   severely  limit the Rules and go against the intention of  the legislature in enacting them.  

31. As a result of the above discussion, this Court  arrives at the inescapable conclusion that not  only does the petitioner possess the requisite  qualifications   for   the   post   of     Assistant  Director/   Administrative   Officer,   Class­II   as  per  Rule 3(c)  of  the Recruitment Rules,  he  is  also required to be accorded preference, as he  possesses   a   Law   degree,   which   is   one   of   the  preferences prescribed in the second proviso to  Rule 3(c). 

32. Consequently, the GPSC ought to have considered  the candidature of the petitioner for the post  in question. The petitioner has been successful  in   the   interview   that   was   held   during   the  pendency of the petition, and his name is placed  at   Sr.No.1   on   the   Wait   List.   There   can   be   no  further   impediment   to   consider   the   candidature  of the petitioner by the GPSC, as it is reported  that both the posts are still lying vacant, as  Page 27 of 29 HC-NIC Page 27 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT the selected candidates have not joined. Nothing  to the  contrary  has  been  brought on record  by  learned   counsel   for   the   GPSC   or   the   learned  Assistant Government Pleader. 

33. Though   the   State   Government   has   not   filed   any  affidavit­in­reply,   the   stand   taken   by   the  Assistant Government Pleader, to the effect that  she supports the stand of the GPSC, is peculiar,  to say the least. The Rules framed by the State  Government   are   under   consideration   and   if   the  State   Government   endorses   a   faulty   and  restrictive   interpretation   of   the   Rules,   it  would cause havoc. The submission of the learned  Assistant   Government   Pleader,   supporting   the  stand   of   the   GPSC   cannot,   therefore,   be  countenanced. 

34. As a result of the above discussion and for the  aforestated reasons, the impugned communication  dated   13.11.2007   is   hereby   quashed   and   set  aside.   The   GPSC   is   directed   to   consider   the  candidature   of   the   petitioner   for   the   post   of  Assistant   Director/   Administrative   Officer,  Class­II, in the Gujarat State Services, Class­ Page 28 of 29 HC-NIC Page 28 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016 C/SCA/7580/2008 CAV JUDGMENT II, in the Printing and Stationery Department,  by   taking   all   consequential   action   within   a  period of two weeks from the date of the receipt  of a copy of this judgment. 

35. The   petition   is   allowed,   in   the   above   terms.  Rule is made absolute, accordingly. There shall  be no orders as to costs.  

(SMT. ABHILASHA KUMARI, J.) Mr.Premal   R.Joshi,   learned   advocate   for   the   GPSC,  has   made   a   request   to   stay   the   operation   of   the  present   judgment.   For   reasons   stated   in   the  judgment, the request is declined.

(SMT. ABHILASHA KUMARI, J.) Page 29 of 29 HC-NIC Page 29 of 29 Created On Sat Jan 30 01:45:44 IST 2016