Bombay High Court
Prakash Narayan Gaude And 6 Ors vs State Of Goa Thr. Chief Secretarya And 2 ... on 29 June, 2024
Author: M. S. Karnik
Bench: M.S. Karnik
2024:BHC-GOA:1157-DB 10-WP-239-2022.DOC
2024:BHC-GOA:1157-DB
Maria S.
IN THE HIGH COURT OF BOMBAY AT GOA
WRIT PETITION NO.239 OF 2022
1.ShriPrakas
h Naray
an Gaude,Sono f
Nar
ayan Gaude,aged 50
ears
,India
n
Nat
iona
l,r e
si
dent of House. No
.106,
Madhal
awada,Agapur
,Dur bhat
-Aga
pur,
Po
nda,Goa403401.
2.S hr
iPremendraPa
ndurangNa i
k,Sonof
Pandura
ng Na i
k,aged 51 year
s,Indi
an
Nationa
l,r
esi
dentof321,Ma dhal
aWa da
,
Savoi
-Ver
em,Ve r
em DeP onda,Goa,403
401.
3.S hr
iVa s
undharRat
nakarNai
k,Sono f
Ratnaka
rJenuNa i
k,a
ged32year
s,I
ndia
n
nat
ional
,r e
si
dent o
f Ho us
e No .
623,
Konar,Ga unem,Bandor
a,Ponda,Go a
403401.
4.Shr i
.AtulRa ng
anat
h Na i
k,S ono f
Ra
nganath Nai
k,Aged 33
ears
,I ndi
an
Nat
ional
, Resi
dent Hous
e No . 32/A,
War
bha t
,Bando
ra,Po
nda,Goa,403401.
5.S hri
.Ga uri
sh GurudasNaik
,S onof
Gurudas Naik
,Ag ed 34 year
s,Indi
an
Nati
onal,Resi
dento fHo us
e No.171,
Ta
lulem,Bandora
,Ponda,Goa
,403401.
6.Shri.Jee
tendr
aNaik
,So nofSomiNaik
,
Ag e
d39y ea
rs,I
ndi
anNat i
onal
,Res
ide
ntof
Ho us
e No .2,Ga uthan,Que ul
a,Near
Shant
a dur
ga Te mple, P onda, Go a
,
403401.
Page1 of10
29th June,202
4
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10-WP-239-2022.DOC
7.Shri
.Prakas
hBha nuNa i
k,SonofBhanu
Nai
k ,Aged 45 ye a
rs,Indi
an Nati
onal
,
Re
sidentofHo useNo .454,Mahalwada
,
NearDr i
nksF ac
tory,Ma r
cai
m,Ma r
dol
,
Goa,403404. ...Petitioners
Ve
rsus
1.S
tat
eofGoa,Thro
ughitsChie
fSecr
eta
ry,
Havi
nghisof
fi
ceatSe
cre
tari
at
,Porv
ori
m,
Goa403521.
2.Capta
inofPor
ts
,Gov
ernmento
fGoa,
Rive
rNa v
iga
ti
onDepa
rtment
,Bet
im,Goa
403101.
3.Admini
str
ati
veCum Acc
o untsOff
ic
er,
Rive
rNa v
iga
ti
onDe pa
rtment,Bet
im,Goa
403101. ...Respondents
MrS.N.J os
hi,Adv
oca
tewi
thMsSwa
pnaJ
oshi
,Adv
oca
tef
ort
he
Pe
ti
ti
one
r.
MrMa
nis
hSa
lka
r,Go
ver
nme
ntAdv
oca
tef
orRe
sponde
nts
.
CORAM: M.S. KARNIK &
VALMIKI MENEZES ,JJ.
DATE: 29th JUNE, 2024
ORAL JUDGMENT: (Per M. S. Karnik, J)
1. He ardMrS .N.J oshi ,le arne dCo uns elf ort heP eti ti one rsa ndMr Ma nis hSa lka r,l ear nedGo ver nme ntAdv oca tef ort heRe spo nde nts .
2. Rul e.TheRul eisma der etur nabl eimme dia tel yandhe ardf ort hwi thwi th t hec ons ento fthel ear nedCo uns elf ort hepa rti es .
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3. Thepe ti ti one rsha vei nvo kedt hewr itj uri sdi ct iono fthi sCo urtunde r Ar ti cl e226o ftheCo nst it uti ono fIndi apr ayi ngf ort hef oll owi ngr el ie fs:
-
` a.I ssueaWr i tofMa nda muso ranyo t herWrit ,OrderorDirec ti oni n t henatur eofMa ndamusdir ect ingtheResponde ntst or e sto rethesal ary o ft he Pet it ioner sa sdrawn til lJ ul y,2017 witha l ls ubs equent c ons e que nti albenef it s.
b .Is sueaWr i tofMa ndamuso ranyothe rWr i t,Orde rorDi r ect ionin t henat ureofMandamusdi re cti ngtheRe s pondent store fund/r epayto t hePet it ione rst hereduct ions/deduct ionsca rri edoutbyt hemf ro mt he s al ar ypayabl einthe irfav o urf rom August ,2017onwar dsti lldat e.
'
4. TheP eti ti one rsha veac ommo ngr ie vanc e.Wer efe rtot heba si cfa ctsa s r ega rdso neo ftheP eti ti one rsf orc onv eni enc e.TheP eti ti one rwa sappo int edb o rde rda ted08.
02. 2011o nther eco mme nda ti ono ftheDe par tme nta lSe lec ti on Co mmi tt eet othepo sto fWo rkma n/He lpe rGr oup- Dont empo rar yba si sint he pa y nd o fRs .4400- 7440 + GP + ₹1300/
-. By ac orr ige ndum da ted
11.
04. 2011 t hepa yba nd wa scha nge dto Rs .5200- 2020 0+ GP Rs .1800/
-
i nst eado fRs .4400- 7440+GP+₹1300/
-.
5. Ther eco mme nda ti onso ftheVI thPa yCo mmi ss iona ppo int edb ythe Ce ntr alGo ver nme ntwe rea cce pte dand ma dea ppl ic abl efo rtheCe ntr al Go ver nme nte mpl oye esf rom 1s tJa nua ry2006.Ther eco mme nda ti onswe re i mpl eme nte dbyno tif yi ngCe ntr alCi vi lSe rvi ces( Rev ise dPa y)Rul es ,2008.
6. Ba sedo nther eco mme nda ti onso ftheVI thPa yCo mmi ss iona ndi n c ompl ia nceo fCe ntr alCi vi lSe rvi ces( Rev ise dPa y)Rul es ,2008,t heGo ver nme nt o fIndi ade cide dtoupg radet hepa yofa llt hee mpl oye esi nthee xis ti ngGr oup ' D'a ndpl acet hemi nGr oup' C'i nPa yBa nd-
1int hePa ySc aleo fRs .5200- 20200wi thGr adePa yofRs .1800.
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7. Whi lei mpl eme nti ngt heVI Pa yCo mmi ss ionr eco mme nda ti ons ,the Go ver nme nto fIndi aal soma dei tcl eart hatt hos eGr oup' D'Empl oye eswho di dno tpo sse ssmi nimum Qua li fi cat ionswe ret obei mpa rte dtr ai ningi nthe ir f ie ldo fac ti vi tyb ythec onc erne dDe par tme nt,pr efe rabl ywi thi nape ri odo f6 mo nths .
8. TheGo ver nme nto fGo aal soa cce pte dther eco mme nda ti onso ftheVI th t hPa yCo mmi ss ioni nto toa ndi mpl eme nte dthes amef ort hebe nef ito fit s e mpl oye es.Thee mpl oye eswe rea ls opa idt hea rre arso fthes al ar yef fe cti vef rom 1stJ anua ry,2006.Af te rthet rai ning ,the see mpl oye eswe ret obepl ace dinPa Ba nd-
1int hePa ySc aleo f₹ 5200- 20200wi thGPo f₹ 1800wi the ff ectf rom 01/ 01/ 2006.
Bya nor derNo .8/ 7/2008- Fin( R&C)da ted10.
10.2008,t heGo ver nme nt o fGo aco nsi der edi tex pedi entt oal l owi tse mpl oye est hebe nef it sofr evi se dpa s cal ess ubj ectt oco ndi ti onss ti pul at edt her ei n.
9. I nex erc is eoft hepo wer sco nfe rre dvi deAr ti cl e30 9,a ndc laus e(5)o f Ar ti cl e148 o ftheCo nst it uti ono fIndi aand a fte rco nsul ta ti on wi tht he Co mpt rol l era ndAudi torGe ner al ,inr el at iont ope rso nss erv ingi nIndi anAudi t a ndAc count sDe par tme nt,t hePr esi dentma det hef oll owi ng Rul esc all edt he Ce ntr alCi vi lSe rvi ces( Rev ise dPa y)Rul es ,2008.
10. No te1i sre lev antf ort hepur pos eoft hepr ese ntma tte r,c laus es(
a),(
b) a nd(
c)t her eofne edt ober epr oduc edwhi chr eadt hus :-
Not e1-(a)Int hecas eofGroupD empl oyees ,thepayi nthe r evi se dpa ystr uct urewi l lbef ix e di nit ia ll yinthe-1Spayba ndas Page4 of10 29th June,202 4 ::: Uploaded on - 22/07/2024 ::: Downloaded on - 23/07/2024 02:16:43 ::: 10-WP-239-2022.DOC perClause(A)abovewit ht heappropri ategr adepaya ndarr ear s pai da ccordi ngly . Therea fter ,payo fsuchofthoseGr oupD employee s who a lr eady pos s ess t he revi se d mi ni mum qual if icat ionsrecommendedbyt heCommi ss ionprescr ibe dfor ent ryintoPB- 1woul dbefixedwitheffe ctfr om 1.
1.2006inPB-1 wit hg r adepa yofRs.
1800.
(b)S uchoft hos eex i sti ngGr oupD e mpl o yeeswhodonotpos ses s ther evi sedmi nimum qua l ifi ca t ionsfore ntryintoPB- 1woul dbe ret rainedbyt hec onc er ne dDe pa r tme ntpr e f erabl ywi thinape ri od ofs i x mont hss ot hatpa y mentofa rr earso na ccounto f upg radati o na renotde l ayed. Af te rr e-tra i ning,theseGr o upD sta ffwi lla l sobepl acedint hePa yBa ndPB- 1wi ththeg radepay of Rs .
1800 wi t he ffectf rom 1. 1.2006 a nd a rrears drawn accordingly.Onc eplac e di nt hePB- 1Pa yBa nd,thisc at egoryof Gro up D s taffwi l lr egaint heirse nior i tyv is
- à
-vi st heot he r categoryofGr oupD s t afftha ta lr eadypos s esse dt hemi nimum qualific a t ionsa ndwe re,therefore,placedi nt hePB- 1Pa yBa ndas on1. 1.2006.I nter-s es eniori t yofa llthee mpl o y ee si nerstwhil e Gro upD wi llbef ull yma intainedwi thGr oupD e mploye eina highe rpr e-r ev i sed pa ys c a l ebe ing pl ace d higherv is
-à-visan empl oyeei nal owe rpa yscale.Wi thint hes amepr e-re visedpay scal e,s eniori tywhi chex i stedpr iortor evisionwoul dc onti nue .
(c)Arrear sshal lbepa yabl ewitheff ectfr om 1.1.
2006i nboththe case si .
e.tot hose Group D e mployee s who pos ses st he quali fi c a ti onsa nda replace di nPB-1s tr ai ghta waya ndthose Gr o upD e mploy e eswhodonotpos ses sthequal if icati onsandare place da ft erre
-trai ning.Ill ust rat ion3i nreg ardtofixat ionofpay forGr oupD s taf fisint heExpla nator yMe morandum tothse Rules.
11. Theg rie vanc eoft hel ear nedCo uns elf ort heP eti ti one rsi stha tha ving f ix edt hepa yoft heP eti ti one rsi nthey ear2011i nthepa yba ndo f₹5200- 20200+GP ₹1800,t heRe spo nde ntswe ret hen no tjus ti fi edi n pl aci ngt he P eti ti one rsi nthe Gr ade Pa yof₹1300/
-fr om t he i nit ia lda teo fthe ir Page5 of10 29th June,202 4 ::: Uploaded on - 22/07/2024 ::: Downloaded on - 23/07/2024 02:16:43 ::: 10-WP-239-2022.DOC a ppo int mento nlybe caus ethe ydi dno tunde rgot rai ningwi thi n6mo nths .Iti s s ubmi tt edb yle arne dCo uns elf ort heP eti ti one rst hatt heywe rene veri nti mat ed o rinf orme dtha tthe yha dtounde rgos uchat rai ningwi thi nsuc hpe ri od.
Mo reo ver ,ha vingunde rgo net het rai ningl at er ,thec ons eque ntg radepa yof ₹1800/
-ist ober est ore dwi tha rre ars .
12. Le arne dGo ver nme ntAdv oca tev ehe ment lyo ppo sedt hepe ti ti on.I tist he s tando ftheRe spo nde ntsi nthea ff ida vit
-i n-r epl ytha ttheP eti ti one rso ughtt o ha veunde rgo net rai ning wi thi n ape ri odo f6 mo nthsf romt heda teo f a ppo int ment .Thec ont ent ioni stha ttheP eti ti one rswe ree rro neo usl ypl ace din t heg radepa yofRs .1800/
-tho ught heywe reno tqua li fi ed.I nthea ff ida vit
-i n-
r epl ybyt heRe spo nde nts ,thef oll owi ngs tandi sta keni npa rag raphs7a nd8.
`
7.Is ayt hatv ideOr derdt .30/ 11/ 2016t heVI It hPa yCommi ss ion wasimple menteda nda cc ordingl ypr epar ati on ofPayfixa ti on was t akenup.Thedepartmentprepare dpa yfi xati onasperthe irpayf ixe d i n2011t o2015int he payba nd5200-20200plusgr adepay1800. Dir ect orat eofAccountshadnota ppr ovedthesa mea stheemplo yees wer enotqual if ie df orthegra depa y1800/-.
Isayt hattheDe partmentissuedtoa llthenonqua li fi ede mployee s memor andum f ort ra ining dt.16/ 1/2017 and afterg i ving them tr aining a s pe rc ir cular dt. 04/04/2017 a nd c orr ige ndum dt . 12/09/2017t hei rpa ywa sfixed w.e.
f.1/1/2016i nt heg radepay 1800/-.Anda ccordinglytheirpayfixati ona sperVII t hepayf ix ati on wasdonew. e.f .1/1/ 2016i nthepays ca leofRs .
5200-20200pl usgra de payRs .1800/-andf ixeda tRs.18,000/-ason1/ 1/2016. Thoug re co v e r yi sduef rom t hePe ti ti oner,t i lldatedepar t mentha dnot re co v e r ed/deduc te df r om theirsal aryofo ver paymentdone .'
13. He ardl ear nedCo uns el .Pe rsue dthepe ti ti onme mon,t hea nne xur es,t he a ff ida viti nre plya ndt hepl eadi ngso nre cor d.
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14. Wef ind t hate vena spe rthea ff ida viti nre plyo ftheRe spo nde nts , e spe cia ll ypa rag raph6,t heRe spo nde ntsha vet ake nas tandt hatt heP eti ti one rs ha dtobet rai nedwi thi n6mo nthso fthe ira ppo int mentt obeq ual i fie dfo rgr ade pa yofRs .1800/
-.Asweunde rst andf romt hea ff ida viti nre ply ,thea for equo ted Rul esa rea ppl ic abl etot heP eti ti one rs.Le arne dGo ver nme ntAdv oca tewa sat pa inst opo into utt hatt heP eti ti one rswe rei nfo rme dint hey ear2013t hatt hey ha dtounde rgot het rai ning .Hei nvi te doura tte nti ont opa rag raph2o fthes ur-
r ej oi nde rtos ubmi ttha tint hey ear2013i twa sint ima tedt otheP eti ti one rst hat t heyha dtounde rgos uchat rai ning .The rei sno thi ngo nre cor dtoi ndi cat etha t t heyha ver efus edt ounde rgot rai ningde spi tei tbe ings osc hedul ed.I nanyc ase , t het rai ningwa sinho uset rai ning .The rei sno thi ngo nre cor dtoi ndi cat etha t wi thi nape ri odo f6mo nthsf romt heda teo fthe ira ppo int mentt heP eti ti one rs we rea ske dtounde rgot het rai ning .
15. TheP eti ti one rswe reg rant edg radepa yof₹1800/
-whe nthe ywe re a ppo int edi nthey ear2011.I tisi nthey ear2017t heo bje cti onwa sra is edb t heDi re cto rat eofAc count stha ttheP eti ti one rsha dno tunde rgo net rai ning .
Thi sobj ect ion wa satt hes tag eofe xte ndi ngt hebe nef it sofS eve nth Pa Co mmi ss ionr eco mme nda ti ons . TheP eti ti one rswe ret hens entf ort rai ning whi chwa sani nho uset rai ningf ors ixmo nthsdur ati on. Whe nse ntf ort he t rai ning ,theP eti ti one rsi mme dia tel yunde rwe ntt hes amea ndc ompl et edi t s ucc ess ful l y.The rei sno thi ngo nre cor dtoi ndi cat etha tme rel ybe caus ethe yha d no tunde rgo net rai ningt hei rwo rkpe rfo rma ncei nanyma nne rindi sc har geo f t hei rdut ie ssi ncet hei nit ia lda teo fappo int mentwa saf fe cte d. I nanyc ase , me rel ybe caus etheP eti ti one rsha vec ompl et edt hei rtr ai ninga tal at ers tag e s houl dno tbeaf act ort ode pri vet hemt hebe nef it soft heg radepa yof₹1800 /-
Page7 of10 29th June,202 4 ::: Uploaded on - 22/07/2024 ::: Downloaded on - 23/07/2024 02:16:43 ::: 10-WP-239-2022.DOC a lr eadyf ix ed,a sina nyc aset hes amewa stos tandr est ore donc ompl et iono f t rai ninga ls oent it li ngt hemt othea rre ars .Thi sisno tac aseo fov erpa yme nt c all ingf orar eco ver y.Nopr ej udi cei sca use dtot heRe spo nde ntsa sar esul tof g rant ingt heg radepa yofRs .1800/
-ini ti al lya stheP eti ti one rsha vea dmi tt edl c ompl et edt het rai ning . Wedoa ppr eci at etha ttheRe spo nde ntswo uldha ve be enj ust if ie dinf ix ingt hepa yint heg radepa yof₹1300/
-ast heP eti ti one rs we reno ttr ai ned,butf act ual l yupo nco mpl et ingt het rai ning ,theP eti ti one rs wo uldt henbee nti tl edt otheg radepa yof₹1800/
-fr omt heda teo fini ti al a ppo int mentwi tha rre ars .
16. Thede cis iono ftheRe spo nde ntst ofi xthepa yoft heP eti ti one rsa spe r t heS eve nthPa yCo mmi ss ionw. e.
f.01.
01.2016a ndno tfr om 2011i nthepa s cal eofRs .5200- 20200+GPRs .1800o nlybe caus ethePe ti ti one rsdi dno t c ompl et etr ai ningt il l2017i nouro pini oni ser rone ous .Whe ntheP eti ti one rs we res entf ort rai ning ,the ysuc ces sf ull yco mpl et edt hes ame . Thepur pos eof t heRul esa for equo tedi stoe nsur etha ttheP eti ti one rsc ompl et ethe irt rai ning .It i supo nco mpl et iono ftr ai ningt hatt heya ret ober est ore dint heg radepa yof Rs .1800/
-wi thr etr ospe cti vee ff ect .Upo nco mpl et iono ftr ai ning ,the y,i nany c ase ,ar etobepl ace dint heg radepa yofRs .1800/
-anda rre arspa id.I tdo esno t a ppe art obet hei nte nto ftheRul est opl acet heP eti ti one rsi ntheg radepa yof Rs .1800/
-fr omt heda teo fco mpl et iono ftr ai ning .Ther equi re menti stha tupo n c ompl et iono ftr ai ning ,theg radepa yofRs .1800/
-ist obeg rant edf romt he i nit ia lda teo fappo int mentwi tha rre ars .Int hepr ese ntc ase ,wha tha sha ppe ned i stheP eti ti one rswe reg rant edg radepa yofRs .180 0/-be for eunde rgo ing t rai ning .Ina nyc ase ,ha dtheP eti ti one rsc ompl et edt rai ning ,the yst il lwo uldg et t heg radepa yofRs .1800/
-fr omt heda tet heywe rei nit ia ll yappo int edwi th Page8 of10 29th June,202 4 ::: Uploaded on - 22/07/2024 ::: Downloaded on - 23/07/2024 02:16:43 ::: 10-WP-239-2022.DOC a rre ars .Co mpl et ingt het rai ningl at ers houl dno tpr ej udi cet heP eti ti one rsi nthe pr ese ntf act siso urc ons ide redo pini on.Thi sisno tac aseo funj uste nti tl eme nt.
I tisj ustt hatt heRe spo nde ntswr ong lypl ace dtheP eti ti one rsi ntheg radepa yof ₹1800/
-pr iort oco mpl et iono fthet rai ning ,whi chpo sit ionwo uldo the rwi se ha ver est ore dupo nco mpl et iono ftr ai ning .Thebe nef it swhi cht heP eti ti one rs we ree nti tl edt ola terwa sre cei vedb ythe mea rl ie r.Thus ,theP eti ti one rspa whi chwa sini ti al lyf ix eda s₹5200- 20200+ GP₹1800s houl dbet heb asi sfo rpa f ix ati ona spe rSe vent hPa yre comme nda ti ons . Thef actt hatt heP eti ti one rs c ompl et edt het rai ninga tal at erda tes houl dno tbeaf act ort ode pri vet hemo f t hebe nef it soft heg radepa yof₹1800/
-fi xeda tthei nit ia lst age .
17. I nthel hto fthea for esa id di sc uss ions ,theRe spo nde ntsma yno w pr oce ed wi tht hepa yfi xat ioni nte rmso ftheS eve nth Pa y Co mmi ss ion r eco mme nda ti onso ntheba si stha ttheP eti ti one rsa ree nti tl edt opa yfi xat ioni n 2011t o2015i nthepa yba ndo f₹5200- 20200+GP₹1800i .e .as sumi ngt hat t heP eti ti one rsa req ual i fie dfo rtheGr adePa yof₹1800/
-dur ingt hepe ri od 2011t o2015.
18. Le arne dCo uns elf ort heP eti ti one rsf urt hers ubmi tt edt hatt hePe ti ti one rs we ree nti tl edf ora nnua linc reme nto f3% o ftheba si csa lar yandg radepa y.I tis f urt herur gedt hatunde rtheS eve nthPa yCo mmi ss ion,t hepa ysc ale sfi xedb t heDe par tme nts houl dinc ludet hea ddi ti ono fsuc hannua linc reme nts .Iti s o penf ort heP eti ti one rst oma kea ppr opr ia ter epr ese nta ti ont othec onc erne d De par tme nta sno wtheP eti ti one rspa ywi llha vet ober e-f ix ed.The sea spe cts wi llbec ons ide reda tthet imeo fpa yfi xat ion.
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19. S ofa rast heg rie vanc eabo utt hede duc ti onsma def romt hes al aryo fthe P eti ti one rsi sco nce rne d,t heRe spo nde ntsha vei npa rag raph9o fthea ff ida vit
-i n-
r epl ycl ear lys tat edt hatt hede duc ti onsma dea ret owa rdsi nsur anc eands avi ngs , NPSc ont ri but ion,c omput era dva nce ,fe sti vala dva nce ,ba nkl oan,I WT a nd LI Cand t heyha vepr ovi ded abr eak up o fea cho ftheP eti ti one rss al ar s tat eme ntwhi chi satEx hibi tR-
1.I tist hust hes tando ftheRe spo nde ntst hat t hede duc ti onsa reno tto war dse xce sspa yme ntma de. Wedono tha vea ny r eas ont odo ubts uchas tando ftheRe spo nde nts .TheRe spo nde ntsha ves tat ed t hatt hede duc ti onso fthee xce sspa yme ntma dedur ingt hepe ri odf rom Fe brua ry2017t oAug ust2017,i fany ,sha llbema dea ft erhe ari ngt heP eti ti one rs a ndf oll owi ngt hepr inc ipl eso fna tur alj ust ic e.S uchas it uat ioni sno tli kel yto a ri sei nvi ewo fther evi se dpa yfi xat ioo ntobedo ne,bute veni fdo es,t hes ame s hal lbea ft erhe ari ngt hepe ti ti one rsa ndf oll owi ngt hepr inc ipl eso fna tur al j ust ic e.
20. I nvi ewo fthea bov e,t heRe spo nde ntsma yfi xthepa ywi thi nape ri odo f s ixmo nthsf romt heda teo fupl oadi ngo fthi sor der .Ar rea rs,i fany ,bepa id e xpe dit ious ly .
21. Rul eisma dea bso lut eint hea bov ete rms .
22. Noc ost s.
VALMIKI MENEZES, J. M. S. KARNIK, J.
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