Gujarat High Court
Rajubhai Premabhai Patel vs State Of Gujarat on 7 September, 2018
Author: B.N. Karia
Bench: B.N. Karia
R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT
IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
R/CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 560 of 2002
FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE :
HONOURABLE Mr. JUSTICE B.N. KARIA
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1 Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see the
judgment ?
2 To be referred to the Reporter or not ?
3 Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of the judgment ?
4 Whether this case involves a substantial question of law as to the
interpretation of the Constitution of India or any order made
thereunder ?
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RAJUBHAI PREMABHAI PATEL
Versus
STATE OF GUJARAT
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Appearance :
Mr RAXIT J DHOLAKIA, Advocate for the PETITIONER(s) No. 1,2
Mr RUTVIJ OZA, APP for the RESPONDENT(s) No. 1
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CORAM:Â HONOURABLE Mr. JUSTICE B.N. KARIA
th
7 September 2018
CAV JUDGMENT
By means of filing this Appeal under Section 374 [2] of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 ["CrPC" for brevity], the appellants have assailed the judgment and order dated 10th June 2002 passed by the learned Special Judge, Bharuch in Page 1 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT Special Atrocity Case No. 5 of 2001, whereby, the appellants- original accused have been convicted for breach of Notification issued under Section 37 of the Bombay Police Act, 1951 and thereby ordered to undergo sentence for an offence punishable under Section 135 of the said Act, for a term of one year simple imprisonment and to pay fine of Rs. 500/=; and in default thereof, to undergo further s.i for one month.
Succinctly stated, the facts as emerging from the record reads thus-
Complainant-Thakorbhai Gumanbhai Rathod, resident of Sisodara, Taluka-Ankleshwar, District Bharuch in his complaint has stated that he works at Thakorbhai Kilbhai and when he went to his job on 04-05-2000, his master and about 20 persons of that area had to reach the temple of Gumandev, the following morning and therefore, he also left for the temple of Gumandev on foot. His master told him that he was going to the temple on foot. Complainant and Rajubhai had to leave Shishodra at 08:00 hrs at night and reach Gumandev. When they were preparing for the same, the accused no.1 Rajubhai Premabhai Patel sat in the trailer. The complainant told him that he has instructions not to let anyone sit. Therefore, the Page 2 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT accused Raju Prema got off and started abusing indiscriminately hurling castiest slur and asked whether the tractor belonged to his father. Having said so, he brought a wooden club from stack of babool trees from nearby enclosure and inflicted a blow on the left thigh of the complainant. The complainant went home to avoid any more beating. Thereafter, Raju Prema sent three friends from his area namely accused no. Natvarbhai Shankarbhai Patel; accused no.3 Mahipatsinh @ Munno; accused no.4 Kishor @ Kanubhai Premabhai to his house to beat him further. They hurled abuses and pulled the complainant out of his house, entered into scuffle with him and gave him kick and fist blows, tore clothes of the complainant. Meanwhile, elder brothers of the complainant namely Bhagubhai Gumanbhai and Bhagubhai Chhitubhai, who live nearby rushed over there. The accused no.2 Natvarbhai inflicted a blow of stick to Bhagubhai on his left hand and threatened him with life, if he intervened, and hence, a complain came to be lodged in this regard at Ankleshwar Rural Police Station.
On the basis of the said complaint, investigation into the offence was carried out in accordance with law which Page 3 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT culminated into filing of a chargesheet against the appellants [Exh. 6]; recordance of statements of accused persons [vide Exh. 7 to 10].
Upon production of the accused and ascertaining from them as to whether they had received copy of the case papers, they replied in the affirmative and accordingly charge was framed, which was read over and explained to them, wherein, they did not plead guilty and claimed to be tried. Accordingly, the prosecution laid evidence.
On completion of the said evidence, further statement of the accused persons were recorded under Section 313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure ["CrPC" for brevity], wherein the they denied allegations and claimed to be tried before the Court below, which resulted into their conviction; as aforestated.
The aggrieved appellants-accused are before this Court in an Appeal preferred under Section 374 [2] CrPC.
Heard learned advocates appearing for the respective parties at length.
Learned advocate Shri Raxit J Dholakia appearing for the appellants vehemently assailed the impugned judgment and Page 4 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT order dated 10th June 2002 passed by the learned Special Judge, Bharuch in Special Atrocity Case No. 5 of 2001 contending that the same to be perverse and against the express provisions of the law. Counsel for the appellants contended that the learned trial Judge has failed to appreciate the evidence available on the record and thereby erred in convicting the appellants.
Counsel for the appellant submitted that the Court below ought to have seen that the Notification issued by the District Magistrate, Bharuch under Section 37 of the Bombay Police Act was not given due publicity in the village where the accused were residing, nor it has been proved before the trial Court that such notification was given wide publicity in village Sisodara so that residents of the village may come to know about restriction of carrying weapon in the public place. That, the trial Court ought to have seen that during the time of arrest of the appellants, they have been shown to have produced muddamal weapons before the Police in presence of the panchas,however, prosecution has failed to examine the panchas before the Court to prove the panchnama, and as a result thereof, the said panchnama lost it evidentiary value. Page 5 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT Drawing attention of this Court to the First Information Report, learned advocate for the appellant pointed out that appellant- Rajubhai Patel is shown to have given a wooden stick blow, however, as per the panchnama, he is shown to have produced a "Babul Stick" and hence, the prosecution has failed to prove that the appellant-Rajubhai Patel has produced the same weapon which was used in commission of the alleged offence. Counsel for the appellant pointed out that during the course of recordance of evidence, it was brought to the notice of the trial Court that parties to the proceedings have arrived at an amicable settlement, and therefore, all the witnesses; except Police witnesses have been declared hostile. Hence, bona fide admission of panchnama and the notification issued by the District Magistrate could not have been used against the appellant by the trial Court. He urged that the learned trial Judge ought to have seen that the appellants have denied the veracity of the notification in their statements recorded under Section 313 CrPC, and therefore also, they ought to have been given benefit of doubt. Counsel further urged that the trial Court ought to have considered that mere admission of notification under Section 294 CrPC cannot ipso facto entail Page 6 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT conviction of the accused persons, when it was obligatory on the part of the prosecution to examine the persons who have published the notification and gave it due publicity. Counsel for the appellant fairly conceded that when the parties to the proceedings have comprised themselves to buy peace, the Court below ought not to have inflicted conviction and thereby awarded sentence of imprisonment with fine; ignoring the fact that the parties have settled to terms. Concluding his arguments, learned counsel for the appellants urged this Court to allow this Appeal and thereby quash and set-aside the impugned judgment and order dated 10th June 2002 passed by the learned Special Judge, Bharuch in Special Atrocity Case No. 5 of 2001.
Per contra, learned APP Mr. Rutvij Oza appearing for the respondent-State refuting the submission of learned counsel for the appellants contends that mere mention of none proper publicity of the Notification cannot be a ground to plead ignorance. It is submitted that turning hostile of the witnesses and panchas also does not in any manner weaken the prosecution case. The incident took place in the broad day light where all the appellants-accused being armed with wooden Page 7 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT stick have caused injuries on the eye-witnesses. All the witnesses in their statements have proved specific role of the accused in causing injury, and therefore, the trial Court has correctly appreciated the evidence and had rightly convicted and sentenced the appellant-accused.
It was further contended by learned APP that under Section 320 IPC, certain offences are identified where-under in the list of compoundable offences, compromise would be possible. That, notification issued by by the office of the District Magistrate was produced on record at Exh. 17 alongwith documents Exh.24. That, the learned advocate for the accused had endorsed below the lists in token of his no objection for its exhibiting the documents produced at serial no. 2, 4, 6. That, at serial no. 3, it was a document showing recovery of weapon from the accused viz., Raju Premabhai Patel and a panchnama of his physical condition. That, at serial no. 4, it was a document relating to recovery panchnama of the weapon so also describing the physical condition of another accused person involved in the offence. That, both the accused viz., Raju Premabhai Patel and Natwar Shankerbhai Patel voluntarily declared their willingness to handover their Page 8 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT weapons ie., wooden sticks used in the alleged offence and in presence of the panchas, these weapons were produced by both the accused persons. They were seized by the police by preparing a panchnama. It is further submitted that the Investigating Officer has supported the panchnama; which eventually was admitted by the defence side and hence, there was no need to examine any other panch witnesses by the prosecution, as both the panchnamas were admitted by the accused. That, the trial Court has rightly convicted the accused, relying on these documents, as they have been produced weapons at the instance of the accused in presence of panchas. Therefore, no interference is called for by this Court in the judgment recording conviction and sentence by the trial Court. Hence, it was requested by the learned APP to dismissed the present Appeal.
Having heard learned advocates for the respective sides and so also on perusal of the record available before the Court, it appears that the entire prosecution case is completely based on the documents produced at Exh. 15 & 16 which pertains to recovery of weapon stick produced by the accused Raju Premabhai and Natvar Shankerbhai in presence of the Page 9 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT panchas. It appears from the contents of the panchnama produced on record that in connection with an offence, the accused Raju Premabhai Patel was interrogated by the police and he voluntarily produced a wooden stick used in the offence which the Police seized in presence of the panchas.On the same lines, another accused Natvar Shankerbhai Patel was also interrogated by the police. He too volunteered in production of the weapon - a wooden stick used in the alleged offence which came to be subsequently seized in presence of the panchas by drawing two separate panchnamas. Admittedly, no panchas were examined by the prosecution to prove the contents of these panchnamas. It transpires from these panchnamas viz., Exh. 15 & 16 respectively that both the accused were under the control of investigating officer, when they volunteered to produce the muddamal wooden sticks used in the offence alleged. The panchas were never examined by the prosecution to prove the contents of these two important documents showing recovery of weapon - muddamal wooden sticks allegedly voluntarily produced by both the accused persons in presence of panchas. Of course, the Investigating Officer PW-5 Mukesh Laljibhai in his deposition at Exh. 27 Page 10 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT before the trial Court has supported both these panchnamas stating that both the accused had voluntarily produced the wooden sticks and accordingly two separate panchnamas were prepared in presence of the panchas. It is further depicted by this witness that these panchnamas were prepared as per the instructions of the accused and it was even read over to them, as well as their learned advocate had admitted it by marking an endorsement. Thus, no other evidence was produced by the prosecution to connect the present accused in the offence alleged. The other witnesses examined by the prosecution have been declared hostile by the trial Court; except the Investigating Officer. The learned trial Judge, accepting the notification issued by the office of the District Magistrate under Section 37 [1] of the Bombay Police Act, 1951 dated 29th July 2000 and believed that there was a clear breach on the part of the accused persons.
On the issue of powers of the statutory authority to prohibit certain acts for prevention of disorder, as envisaged under Section 37 of the Bombay Police Act, 1951, this Court in its decision rendered in First Appeal No. 817 of 1979, had elaborately dealt with the issue by referring to the relevant Page 11 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT provisions, which are apposite and deserves an apt reference here in the present case.
"14. A further question would arise as to whether the respondents have taken further precautions of covering the surrounding areas of firing butt and sufficient warnings were given in advance to the persons of the surrounding areas. Section 37 of the Bombay Police Act, 1951 gives power to the authority to prohibit certain acts for prevention of disorder which reads as under:-
"37. Power to prohibit certain acts for prevention of disorder:-
The Commissioner and the District Magistrate in areas under their respective charges may, whenever and for such time as he shall consider necessary for the preservation of public peace or public safety by a notification publicly promulgated or addressed to individuals, prohibit at any town, village or place or in the vicinity of any such town, village or place -
(a) the carrying of arms, cudgels, swords, spears, bludgeons, guns, knives, sticks or lathis or any other articles,which is capable of being used for causing physical violence.
(b) the carrying of any corrosive substance or of explosives,
(c) the carrying collection and preparation of stones or other missiles or instruments or means of a casting or impelling missiles.
(cc) the carrying of burning or lighted torches in a procession,
(d) the exhibition of persons or corpses of figures or effigies thereof,
(e) the public utterance of cries, singing of songs, playing of music, Page 12 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT
(f) delivery of harangues, the use of gestures or mimetic representations, and the preparation, exhibition or dissemination of pictures, symbols, placards or any other object or thing which may in the opinion of such authority offend against decency or morality or undermine the security of or tend to overthrow the State."
Sub-section (4) of section 37 which is relevant for our purpose reads as under:-
"(4): The authority empowered under subsection (1) may also by public notice temporarily reserve for any public purpose any street or public place and prohibit persons from entering the area so reserved, except under such conditions as may be prescribed by such authority."
Reading the aforesaid provisions,it is clear that subsection (1) of section 37 enables the Commissioner of Police and the District Magistrate in areas under their respective charges to prohibit the acts mentioned in clauses
(a) to (f) for the preservation of peace and public safety by a notification publicly promulgated or addressed to individuals within any town, village or place or in the vicinity of any such town, village or place. It is also clear that the power reserved under section 37 of the Act can be exercised by issuing notification and publicly promulgating the same. The expression 'publicly promulgating' is not defined in the Act. However, it should be understood in the normal connotation. The authorities must take steps to have the notification brought to the notice of the public who is likely to be affected thereby and that may be effected by proclaiming it e.g. by the beat of drum or affixing in public places like Police Stations, Chavadis and other public buildings. Mere publication in the Government Gazette cannot be regarded as 'public promulgation' within the Page 13 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT meaning of Section 37 of the Act. Subsection (4) of section 37 empowers the authority under subsection (1) to reserve for public purpose any street or public place and prohibit person entering the area so reserved except under such conditions as may be prescribed by such authority. Under this subsection, notice must be publicly promulgated. At the cost of repetition, I may state that mere publication in a Government Gazette is not public promulgation and it should be by a beat of drum, affixing order to police stations, chavadis and other public places." It is an admitted position that no witnesses were examined by the prosecution from the office of the District Magistrate. There is nothing on the record that any public notice was issued by the office of District Magistrate, besides publication in the Government Gazette; by the beat of drum or affixing in public places like Police Stations, Chavadis and other public buildings. Moreover, except evidence of the Investigating Officer, no other witnesses have been examined on the aspect of publication of notification and on the other requirement of Sub-section [4] of Section 37 of the Bombay Police Act, 1951. Mere production of this notification issued by the office of the District Magistrate would not be sufficient to connect the accused with the crime alleged; more particularly, Page 14 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT in absence of there being any other cogent evidence to support the same. Further, if these documents Exh. 15 & 16 purportedly admitted by the learned advocate for the accused at the trial stage by passing his endorsement with a bona fide intention that the dispute was resolved between the parties amicably, and no witness from the prosecution side are going to support the prosecution case would not be a basis for recording the conviction of the accused persons; more particularly, in absence of any other supporting evidence.
In the case of State of Uttar Pradesh v. Sunil with Rekha Sengar v. State of U.P & Anr., reported in AIR 2017 SC 2150, a similar question came to be dealt with by the Supreme Court, wherein, in para 13 of the verdict, while referring to the case of Musheer Khan v. State of M.P., [2010] 2 SCC 748, the Court made the following observations :
"56. The Privy Council in Pulukori Kottaya v. King Emperor [1947 PC 67] held that Section 27 of the Evidence Act is not artistically worded but it provides an exception to the prohibition imposed under the preceding sections. However, the extent of discovery admissible pursuant to the facts deposed by accused depends only to the nature of the facts discovered to which the information precisely relates.
57. The limited nature of the admissibility of the facts discovered pursuant to the statement of the accused under Section 27 can be illustrated by the Page 15 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT following example. Suppose a person accused of murder deposes to the police officer the fact as a result of which the weapon with which the crime is committed is discovered, but as a result of such discovery no inference can be drawn against the accused, if there is no evidence connecting the knife with the crime alleged to have been committed by the accused.
58. So the objection of the defence counsel to the discovery made by the prosecution in this case cannot be sustained. But the discovery by itself does not help the prosecution to sustain the conviction and sentence imposed on A4 and A-5 by the High Court."
Here also, as per the prosecution case, the wooden sticks were produced by the accused [appellants herein] and the panchnama of seizure of muddamal weapon was admitted by their learned advocate, and therefore, offence was held to have been committed by the accused persons. This Court is of the view that merely the accused have produced muddamal wooden sticks when they were already in custody of the Police and have shown their willingness to the Police Officer, such discovery or production of the muddamal at the instance of the accused persons would not by itself be sufficient to hold them guilty of the offence, when all the panchas and witnesses have been declared hostile. Moreover, the Court would not draw any inference against the accused, if there is no evidence connecting the wooden stick with the crime alleged. The Page 16 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT prosecution has failed to prove the contents of the recovery panchanama [Exh. 15 & 16] produced on the record before the trial Court.
From a perusal of the evidence available on the record of the case, it could without any hesitation be said that the basic foundation of the prosecution had crumbled down in this case by not connecting the appellants with the incident in question. And when basic foundation in a criminal case is so collapsed, the circumstantial evidence becomes inconsequential. In such circumstances, it is difficult for this Court to hold that the judgment of conviction could be founded on the sole circumstance that recovery of weapon - wooden sticks have been made.
After examining every evidence and material on record meticulously and in the light of the judgments cited above, this Court is of the considered opinion that the prosecution has miserably failed to connect the occurrence with the accused- appellants herein.
Resultantly, the impugned judgment and order dated 10th June 2002 passed by the learned Special Judge, Bharuch in Atrocity Case No. 5 of 2001 convicting and sentencing the Page 17 of 18 R/CR.A/560/2002 CAV JUDGMENT present appellants is hereby quashed and set-aside. Criminal Appeal is accordingly allowed in the above terms. Bail bond stands cancelled.
[B.N Karia, J.] Prakash Page 18 of 18