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[Cites 29, Cited by 0]

Delhi District Court

Rc No. 04(E)/2000/Cbi/Bs&Fc/N.D vs Genuine on 21 December, 2016

                                  1

   IN THE COURT OF MS. VRINDA KUMARI: SPECIAL
   JUDGE (PC ACT), CBI­03, SOUTH DISTRICT, SAKET
               COURT, NEW DELHI

                                       

CC No. 05/2012
RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D
U/s 120 B r/w Section 420467471 IPC 
and Section 13(2) r/w Section 13(1)(d) of P.C. Act.

Central Bureau of Investigation 

        Versus 

A­1  K.S. Chadha
     S/o Late Sh. Inder Singh Chadha
     Former Chief Manager, 
     Punjab & Sind Bank,
     Kailash Colony, New Delhi
     R/o EB­28, Maya Enclave,
     New Delhi.                                  Accused no. 1

A­2  Sh. Sanjeev Arora 
     S/o Sh. Jagdish Arora
     Director, M/s Carda India Ltd.,
     A­82, Sector 4, NOIDA, U.P.,
     R/o Tulip Coop.Hsg.Society
     Bldg. no. 6, Flat no. 501,
     Oshiwara, Andheri, Mumbai,
     Permanent R/o D­20, Sector­26,
     NOIDA.                                      Accused no. 2



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                                     2

A­3  Vikram Arora
     S/o Sh. Jagdish Arora
     Director
     M/s Carda India Ltd.,
     A­82, Sector 4, NOIDA, UP
     Permanent R/o D­20, Sector­26,
     NOIDA.                                                    Accused no. 3

A­4      Carda India Ltd.,
        A­82, Sector­4, NOIDA, UP.                             Accused no. 4



Date of FIR                          :           30.11.2000
Date of filing of Charge­sheet       :           29.11.2002 
Arguments completed on               :           17.12.2016
Date of judgment                     :           21.12.2016 


JUDGMENT

Brief facts of the case:

1. Chargesheet   was   filed   by   CBI   against   accused   K.S. Chadha   (hereinafter   referred   as   (A­1),   accused   Sanjeev Arora (hereinafter referred as A­2), accused Vikram Arora (hereinafter   referred   as   A­3)   and   Carda   India   Ltd (hereinafter referred as A­4). The final report u/Sec. 173 of   Code   of   Criminal   Procedure   (in   short   "Cr.PC") discloses   that   the   present   case   was   registered   on CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 2 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 3 30.11.2000 on the basis of  complaint dated 28.10.2000 of the Chief Vigilance Officer, Punjab & Sind Bank, New Delhi on the allegations that accused K.S. Chadha while functioning   as   Chief   Manager,   Punjab   &   Sind   Bank, Kailash Colony Branch, New Delhi during the year 1996­ 98 entered into a criminal conspiracy with the directors of Carda India Ltd namely Sanjeev Arora and Vikram Arora with the object to defraud the bank in an illegal manner and   in   pursuance   thereof   accused   K.S.   Chadha,   by exercising   his   discretionary   powers,   sanctioned   pre­ shipment credit/post­shipment credit limits in respect of 22   bills   drawn   by   Carda   India   Ltd   on   M/s   A1   Emera Electronics, EST, Dubai, its sister concern and the same were discounted which remained outstanding resulting in a liability of Rs.4.75 crores (approx.). Sh. Vikram Arora happens to be a director of M/s A1 Emera Electronics, Dubai also. 

2. It has been alleged that Karam Tex India, a proprietary concern   of   Sanjeev   Arora   was   also   sanctioned   pre­ shipment limit of Rs. 65.00 lacs on 20.12.1996 by K.S. Chadha   and   in   pursuance   of   the   said   conspiracy,   bills drawn   by   Karam   Tex   India   on   DA   basis   were   also discounted   in   the   account   which   remained   outstanding CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 3 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 4 which resulted in a further liability of Rs. 79.94 lacks in the said account. 

3. During the investigation, it was revealed that Punjab & Sind Bank vide their circular No. 1434 dated 28.10.1994 had   prescribed   the   discretionary   powers   of   Executives regarding sanction of credit facilities. As per the Circular, the   Chief   Manager   in   the   year   1996   being   a   Scale­IV Officer was vested with discretionary powers of Packing Credit against LC with ECGC Guarantee upto Rs. 20.00 lacs, Bill Purchase against confirmed order with ECGC Guarantee upto Rs. 7.00 lacs, Bills drawn on Sight/DP is not covered by LC but covered under ECGC Guarantee upto   Rs.   12.00   lacs,   DA   bills   not   covered   by   LC   but covered   under   ECGC,   upto   Rs.6.00   lacs   only.   The discretionary powers in respect of negotiation of export bills under irrevocable Letter of Credit of foreign banks of repute   was   Rs.   2.00   crores   to   be   granted   strictly   in conformity with the conditions of the LC and the pre and post­shipment facilities were to be extended with overall ceiling of Rs.40.00 lacs in respect of a single borrower and Rs.50,000/­ for clean advance both under single and double signatures.

CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 4 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 5

4. Investigation   further   revealed   that   the   discounting   of export   bills   can   be   undertaken   by   the   Bank   as   per   the sanctioned limit on the basis of the documents required for   the   exports.   Such   documents   are   GR   Form   duly endorsed   by   the   Customs   Department,   Invoice   of   the Export   Order,   Packing   List,   Bill   of   Lading/Bill   of Exchange   and   Insurance   Policy.   The   exporter   is   also required to submit his buyer­wise ECGC Policy in respect of the bills drawn on the buyer.

5. Investigation further revealed that Current A/C no. 3851 of Carda India Ltd was opened with Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash   Colony   Branch,   New   Delhi   on   28.01.1996   by accused Sanjeev Arora and Vikram Arora as its Directors which   was   allowed   to   be   opened   by   the   accused   K.S. Chadha.   The   statement   of   account   indicates   that subsequent   to26.04.1996,   the   account   was   maintained with   debit   balance   and   had   a   debit   balance   of Rs.52,51,123.00   as   on   26.04.1999.   There   was   no sanctioned OD limit in the account and the overdrawings in the account were dishonestly allowed by the accused K.S. Chadha in exercise of his discretionary powers on day to day bass by making endorsements to this effect on the cheque or in the Manager's Special Order Book. The CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 5 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 6 debit balances in the account uptill December, 1996 had exceeded Rs. 81.00 lacs, which used to be brought down towards the end of every month by presenting cheques in clearing which were returned unpaid in the first week of the   following   month.   In   this   process   on   account   of allowing of overdrawing in the account by the accused K.S. Chadha, the liability on 07.05.1999 in the account stood at Rs.1,77,25,663/­. 

6. Investigation further revealed that in the account of M/s Carda   India   Ltd   during   the   period   from   18.03.1996   to 25.02.1997, a large number of cheques for payments were passed by the accused K.S. Chadha in an illegal manner. To manipulate the debit balance in the account, a number of cheques were credited to the account which in a routine manner got bounced when sent for clearing. The cheques lodged in clearing pertain to the accounts of M/s Yogesh Trading   Co.,   M/s   Elekta   Telecommunications   and   A.R. Garments maintained with Times Bank, Parliament Street Branch,   New   Delhi   (now   merged   with   HDFC   Bank) which were also opened by Sanjeev Arora. 

7. It was also revealed that another account no. 3954 of M/s Carda India Ltd (Clock Division) was opened by accused Sanjeev Arora in connivance with accused K.S. Chadha CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 6 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 7 with   the   sole   intention   to   avoid   detection   of   huge outstanding in account no. 3851. The account subsequent to 16.12.1996 was invariably maintained in debit balance with exception on account of receipt of funds by transfer and as a result, on 07.05.1999, there was a liability of Rs. 52,54,123.00 in the account which took place on account of   passing   of   cheques   for   payment   of   accused   K.S. Chadha in an illegal manner as no limit was sanctioned in this account.

8. It   is   alleged   that   in   pursuance   of   the   said   criminal conspiracy   with   the   sole   object   of   allowing   further overdrafts to accused Sanjeev Arora, another account no. 3910 of M/s Karam Tex India, a proprietary concern of accused   Sanjeev   Arora   was   allowed   to   be   opened   by accused   K.S.   Chadha   on   27.05.1996.   The   account subsequent   to   27.06.1996   was   invariably   maintained   in debit   balance   with   exception   on   account   of   receipt   of funds by transfer. As a result, on 07.05.1999, there was a liability   of   Rs.32,04,980.00   on   account   of   passing   of cheques   by   accused   K.S.   Chadha   in   an   illegal   manner though was no sanctioned limit in the account.

9. Investigation further revealed that in case credit balance sanctioned   limit   is   not   available   in   an   account,   the CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 7 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 8 computer   system   could   not   be   operated   further   for debiting the account unless a command was given by the Chief Manager from the computer installed in his cabin in token   of   confirmation   of   his   having   allowed   the advance/overdrawings. Secret code of the Chief Manager was   only  known   to  him  and  none   else  could  have   had access to the same. As such, all the overdrawings in the three aforesaid accounts had the approval of the accused K.S.   Chadha   who   continuously   remained   posted   and functioned as Chief Manager during the relevant period. Besides   accused   K.S.   Chadha   has   also   endorsed   the cheques/Manager's   Order   Book   in   token   of   having allowed overdrawings in the said accounts.

10. Investigation   further   revealed   that   the   accused   K.S. Chadha   manipulated   the   accounts   of   Carda   India   Ltd., during inspection of the branch on 20.03.1998 by falsely recording lodging of cheques totaling Rs. 73.50 lacs in the High   Value   Clearing   Register.   On   account   of   this manipulation,   credit   entry   was   shown   in   the   concerned account   in   respect   of   the   cheques   and   the   Inspection Officers   of   the   Bank   could   not   detect   the   huge overdrawings in the account. In doing so, the accused K.S. Chadha falsely used the password of Incharge, Clearing CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 8 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 9 Department   of   Punjab   &   Sind   Bank,   Kailash   Colony Branch,   New   Delhi.   Due   to   this   manipulation,   the Computer System of the branch indicated a debit balance of Rs.50.00 lacs and OD balance of Rs.50.89 lacs in the concerned   account   which   were   far   below   the   actual outstandings.

11. Investigation   further   revealed   that   Demand   Drafts   for substantial   amounts   issued   by   debiting   the   account   of Carda India Ltd and its group companies maintained with Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash Colony Branch, New Delhi were credited to the accounts of the different companies maintained   by   accused   Sanjeev   Arora   with   the   Times Bank, Parliament Street Branch, New Delhi from where cash   withdrawals   were   made.     The   MDP   statements (Manager   Discretionary   Powers)   dated   07.08.1996   and 11.12.1996 show sanction of the facilities in the account of Carda India Ltd by accused K.S. Chadha. The MDP dated 11.12.1996 was for enhancement of POBLC/FOBP limit from Rs. 2.00 crores to Rs. 2.5 crores, the Packing Credit limit being Rs. 20.00 lacs in both the MDPs. The appraisal note dated 11.12.1996 for sanction of facilities to Carda India Ltd was also prepared by Sh. K.S. Chadha and second signature of Senior Manager (Advances) has CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 9 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 10 been found to be forged.

12. Investigation further revealed that as per procedure, the Bank maintains "Title Deed Register" in which entries are made   on   the   day   the   security   documents   are tendered/hypothecated with the Bank. In the Title Deed Register of the Bank for the period from 1994 to 1999, entries have been made regarding lodging of documents in respect   of   the   account   of   M/s   Carda   India   Ltd   on 14.09.1998 though the limits were sanctioned/released to M/s   Carda   India   Ltd   during   1996.   In   the   statement   of Manager's Discretionary Powers of Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash   Colony   Branch,   New   Delhi   for   the   period April'96,   August'96,   September'96   to   December'96   and April'97 to April'98, nothing has  been mentioned about the facilities provided to Carda India Ltd or M/s Karam Tex India by accused K.S. Chadha.

13. During   investigation,   Punjab   &   Sind   Bank,   Kailash Colony, New Delhi produced documents in respect of 10 bills of Carda India Ltd and one bill which was discounted in   the   account   of   M/s   Karam   Tex   India   and   turned overdue. Carda India Ltd had opened its account with the branch but the company had never applied for sanction of facilities nor the same were sanctioned. Punjab & Sind CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 10 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 11 Bank, Kailash Colony Branch, New Delhi vide its letter dated 04.01.2001 confirmed the liabilities in the account as follows:

          A)      Carda India Ltd:
          i)     Packing Credit A/c                     : Rs. 8,03,325.00 
          ii)    FOUBP (10 Export Bills 
                 discounted) A/c                        : Rs. 2,36,55,382.00
          iii) OD in Current A/c No.3851                : Rs. 1,77,25,663.00
          iv)    OD in Current A/c No. 3954             : Rs.   52,54,123.00
                                                         ________________
                                                  Total:   Rs. 4,74,38,493.00
                                                         ==============

          B) Karam Tex India
          i)     FOUBP (1 Export Bill
                 Discounted) A/c                        : Rs. 47,88,660.00
          ii)    OD in Current A/c                      : Rs. 32,04,980.00
                                                          ______________
                                                          Rs. 79,93,640.00
                                                          ============


14. Investigation further revealed that in the account of Carda India Ltd., no bill drawn against LC was presented for purchase. The bills presented were not covered by ECGC Policy/Insurance   cover.   In   the   matter   of   discounting   of bills, the discrepancies found therein were pointed out to CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 11 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 12 K.S. Chadha but the same were discounted by him despite discrepancies. 

15. It is further alleged that the following 10 bills purchased by K.S. Chadha in the account of Carda India Ltd and 1 bill   in   the   account   of   M/s   Karam   Tex   India   were outstanding: 

a) Bill   No.   EOBP­47/P/363027/96   dated   13.11.1996 for   Rs.   24,67,825/­   in   respect   of   liability   for Rs.8,77,500/­:­   This   was   a   case   of   temporary accommodation, when no regular sanction/appraisal was   on  record  and  the  bill  exceeded   discretionary powers of the Manager. ECGC Policy had not been submitted nor limit obtained by buyer. The Bill of Lading did not bear "Shipped on Board" clause.
b) Bill   No.   FOBP­47/P/363029/96   dated   28.11.1996 in   respect   of   GR   Form   no.   AJ   624703   dated 07.11.1996   resulting   in   liabilities   for   Rs.

21,79,749/­:   In   this   case,   the   Bill   of   Lading   No. DEL/DXB/229 was dated 20.11.1996, while in the case of the aforementioned bill purchased, the Bill of Lading no. was   DEL/DXB/299 dated 04.11.1996. Obviously, the latter number of Bill of Lading is of an earlier date. Thus, the bill was discrepant.

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           c)    Bill   no.   FOBP­47/P­363030/96   in   respect   of   GR

Form no. AJ­624787 dated 21.11.1996 in respect of   liabilities   for   Rs.   25,44,300/­;   and  Bill   no. FOBP­47/P/363033/96 in respect of GR Form no. AJ   624797   dated   27.11.1996   in   respect   of liabilities   for   Rs.   25,44,300/­:  In   these   cases,   the status report in respect of the foreign buyer was not available   and   the   party   i.e.   exporter   had   not submitted   ECGC   Limit/Cover.   Accordingly,   there was no justification for the sanction. 

d) Bill  No. FOBP­47/P/363034/96 in respect  of  GR Form No. AJ­624798 dated 27.11.1996 in respect of liabilities for Rs. 25,51,507/­: In this case also, the   discrepancies   and   total   outstanding   in   the account   were   pointed   out   and   there   was   no justification for discounting of the bill. 

e) Bill  No. FOBP­47/P/363037/96 in respect  of  GR Form No. AJ 624670 dated 13.12.1996 in respect of   liabilities   for   Rs.   25,45,664/­:   In   this   case,   no sanction Memo was on record. The bill was directly handled by accused K.S. Chadha who discounted the same despite discrepancies.

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                                       14

           f)    Bill  No. FOBP­47/P/363001/97 in respect  of  GR

Form No. AJ 624671 dated 13.12.1996 in respect of liabilities for Rs. 25,37,216/­: The bill was taken by accused K.S. Chadha without referring the matter to   Incharge,   Foreign   Exchange   Department   as   per the procedure and despite discrepancies.

g) Bill  No. FOBP­47/P/363002/97 in respect  of  GR Form No. AJ 624701 dated 12.12.1996 in respect of   liabilities   for   Rs.   35,99,800/­:   This   bill   was discounted   from   time   to   time   i.e.   on   16.01.1997, 17.01.1997,   24.01.1997   and   30.01.1997   for   value realized.   The   values   realized   could   have   been utilized towards liquidation of liabilities rather than treating the same as the basis for sanction of further facilities.

h) Bill   No.   FOBP­47/P/363007/97   in   respect   of   FR Form No. AJ 624637 dated 27.01.1997 in respect of liabilities for Rs. 25,40,032/­: As per the sanction Memo, objections on the lines aforesaid were raised and   instructions   of   the   Branch   Manager   accused K.S. Chadha sought for, who allowed the same. 

i) Bill  No. FOBP­47/P/363021/97 in respect  of  GR Form no. AJ 322867 dated 13.08.1997 in respect CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 14 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 15 of   liabilities   for   Rs.   17,35,314/­:  The   following discrepancies existed yet the bill was discounted:

i. Shipping  on  Board  certificate   required  from the Shipping Company.
ii. RBI Code differ in GR. Party was asked to submit copy of new RBI Code no. but they did not submit.
iii. Value   mentioned   in   Certificate   of   Origin required authentication.
iv. Bill of Exchange drawn in favour of drawee not bank.
v. Goods consigned directly to party. 
16. Besides   the   aforesaid   bills,   Bill   No.   EOBP­ 47/P/363035/96 in respect of GR Form No. AJ 624667 & 624668 was purchased in the account of M/s Karam Tex India, in respect of which the outstanding liabilities are of Rs.   47,88,660/­.   It   is   in   respect   of   export   of   Cotton Powerloom Men Shirts to M/s Gulf Wave Trading Est.

Dubai. This case was directly handled by accused K.S. Chadha.   In   this   case   also   sanctioned   limit,   Insurance Policy, ECGC Policy, Status Report of the buyer were not available, despite the fact that the bill was discounted. The CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 15 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 16 documents regarding the abovenoted bills related to M/s Maltrans   Shipping   Agency   Pvt.   Ltd   and   M/s   Spoonbill Maritime Agency and investigation has revealed that none of the Bills of Lading in question was issued by them. As such   the   documents   furnished   to   the   Bank   were false/forged documents.

17. Investigation   further   disclosed   that   against   the   Bills   of Lading, debit notes and receipts as noted below, exports have been shown to have been made by Carda India Ltd, through M/s Confreight Shipping Agency:

Srl.No. Related Bill of  Shipping Bill Debit Note  Receipt No.  Lading No. &  No. & Date No. & Date & Date Date
01. HJSCDELI  11513 3176 3666 10138006  21.11.1996 09.12.1996 13.12.1996 05.12.1996
02. HJSCDELI  12275 3326 3874 10153003 13.12.1996 22.01.1997 31.01.1997 19.01.1997
03. HJSCDELI  11675 3223 3705 10143601 27.11.1996 19.12.1996 20.12.1996 10.12.1996
04. HJSCDELI  12327 3265 3812 10147706 16.12.1996 02.01.1997 16.01.1997 31.12.1996
05. HJSCDELI  12328 3264 As Above CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 16 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 17 Srl.No. Related Bill of  Shipping Bill Debit Note  Receipt No.  Lading No. &  No. & Date No. & Date & Date Date 10148404 16.12.1996 02.01.1997 31.12.1996
06. HJSCDELI  11121 3174 3640 10137604 08.11.1996 09.12.1996 11.12.1996 28.11.1996
07. HJSCDELI  10731 3175 3641 10126205 29.10.1996 09.12.1996 11.12.1996 24.11.1996

18. The investigation has disclosed that non­negotiable copies of   the   original   Bills   of   Lading   recovered   during   the searches   at   the   residential   premises   of   Jagdish   Arora father  of  accused  Sanjeev Arora  and Vikram Arora are genuine copies of Bills of Ladding issued by the company and   it   bears   signature   of   B.   Chandramohan   of   M/s Confreight   Shipping   Agency,   Agents   of   M/s   Hanjin Shipping Co. at Delhi. As per these Bills of Lading, the name   of   the   exporter   is   Carda   India   Ltd.,   NOIDA,   the notified party is M/s A1 Emera Electronics, Dubai, the consignee is to order, the forwarding agent is M/s RNC Freight Movers Pvt. Ltd and the consignment is Black & White TV Sets:

 CC No. 05/12                          21.12.2016                     17 of 126
 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D
                                      18

Srl.    Bill of Lading No.        Date        Signed       GR No.       No. of
No.                                             by                     Original
                                                                      B/L issued
01. HJSCDELI 10126205 24.11.1996                   Self   AJ 624780       3
02. HJSCDELI 10138006 05.12.1996                   Self   AJ 624787       3
03. HJSCDELI 10137604 28.11.1996                   Self   AJ 624703       3
04. HJSCDELI 10153003 19.01.1997                   Self   AJ 624701       3
05. HJSCDELI 10143601 10.12.1996                   Self   AJ 624797       3
06. HJSCDELI 10147706 31.12.1996                   Self   AJ 624670       3
07. HJSCDELI 10148404 31.12.1996                   Self   AJ 624671       3


19. The   aforesaid   Bills   of   Lading   cover   FOBP   Nos.

47/P/363027/96,   47/P/363030/96,   47/P/363029/96, 47/P/363002/97,   47/P/363033/96,   47/P/363037/96   and 47/P/363001/97 were the subject matter of investigation and in respect of which the bank suffered wrongful loss.

20. It   has   been   disclosed   that   the   aforesaid   consignments were shipped through M/s Confreight Shipping Agency, Agents M/s Hanjin Shipping Co. rather than M/s Maltrans Shipping   Agency   or   M/s   Spoonbill   Maritime   and   the forged   Bills   of   Lading   of   these   companies   were   made available to the Bank. As per procedure, in case delivery of   a   consignment   is   not   taken   by   the   consignee   is   a reasonable   time,   their   Principal/Agent   at   the   Port   of Discharge   inform   the   Shipping   Agent   to   take   up   the matter with the Skipper. In case of these consignments, CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 18 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 19 since M/s Confreight Shipping Agency had not received any such communication, they had reasons to believe that the delivery of the consignments has been duly taken by the consignee.

21. Investigation further revealed that accused Vikram Arora who was director of Carda India Ltd when the account was   opened,   thereafter   shifted   to   Dubai   and   acquired financial   interest   in   M/s   A1   Emera   Electronics.   He   is, thus, beneficiary of the consignments shipped to M/s A1 Emera Electronics, Dubai, bills of which were discounted by the Bank.

22. It is alleged that the accused K.S. Chadha while posted and functioning as Chief Manager, Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash Colony Branch, New Delhi during the year 1996­ 98 entered into criminal conspiracy with Sanjeev Arora and Vikram Arora, Directors of Carda India Ltd and in pursuance   thereof,   the   aforesaid   accused   persons   and Carda India Ltd, cheated the Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash Colony   Branch,   New   Delhi   to   the   tune   of   Rs. 5,54,32,133/­   which   includes   an   amount   of   Rs. 2,84,44,042/­  relating to foreign bills discounted on the basis of forged documents and thus caused wrongful loss to   Punjab   &   Sind   Bank   and   corresponding   gain   to CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 19 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 20 themselves. 

23. The aforesaid acts of omission and commission constitute offences punishable U/Sec. 120­B IPC r/w Section 420, 467468471 IPC and Section 13(2) r/w Section 13(1)(d) of   Prevention   of   Corruption   Act,   1988   and   substantive offences   thereunder   against   K.S.   Chadha,   former   Chief Manager, Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash Colony Branch, New   Delhi,   Sanjeev   Arora   and   Vikram   Arora   both Directors of Carda India Ltd, OIDA and Carda India Ltd, NOIDA.

24. The   Sanction   Order   in   original   accorded   by   Sh.   N.S. Gujral, Chairman & Managing Director, Punjab & Sind Bank,   New   Delhi   U/Sec.   19(1)(c)   of   the   Prevention   of Corruption Act, 1988 for the prosecution of K.S. Chadha. 

CHARGE

25. Charge was framed against accused K.S. Chadha, Sanjeev Arora and Vikram Arora being directors of Carda India Ltd   on   24.05.2005.   Charge   was   framed   against   the accused   company   Carda   India   Limited   through   its Director   Sanjeev   Arora   on   05.12.2005.   Accused   K.S. Chadha   was   charged   with   offence   punishable   U/Sec. 120B r/w Sec. 420 and 471 IPC and Section 13(2) r/w CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 20 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 21 Section   13(1)(d)   of   the   Prevention   of   Corruption   Act, 1988 and substantive offences U/Sec. 420 IPC, 471 IPC and Section 13(2) r/w Section 13(1)(d) of the Prevention of   Corruption   Act,   1988.   Accused   Sanjeev   Arora   and Vikram   Arora   were   charged   with   offence   punishable U/Sec. 120B r/w Sec. 420 and 471 IPC and Section 13(2) r/w Section 13(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and substantive offences punishable U/Sec. 420 IPC and   471   IPC.   Accused   No.   4   company   Carda   India Limited   was   charged   with   offences   punishable   U/Sec. 420 IPC and Section 471 IPC. All the Accused persons pleaded not guilty and claimed trial. 

EVIDENCE

26. In   order   to   prove   its   case   prosecution   examined   30 witnesses. The gist of statement of witnesses as under:

 26.1 PW1   Sh.   Rajesh   Gupta   was   the   Assistant   Manager   in Times Bank, Parliament Street during the relevant period.

The Times Bank later merged with the HDFC Bank in August,   2000.   He   has   proved   certain   Cheque   Return Memos   issued   by   the   Times   Bank   as   Ex.PW1/A   to Ex.PW1/R. He has deposed that all the concerned cheques were returned on the ground that the account had been CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 21 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 22 closed. He further stated that if an account holder closed his account, he had to deposit all the deliverables issued by the Bank and he could not issue any cheque.   26.2 PW2 is Sh. Satish Dutta who was the Accountant in M/s RNC Freight Movers till 1999. He identified accused no. 2   Sanjeev   Arora   and   accused   no.   3   Vikram   Arora   and stated that these directors of Carda India Limited having its factory at NOIDA used to approach M/s RNC Freight Movers for clearing and forwarding their consignments. The job of M/s RNC Freight Movers was to only forward the consignments and provide containers to the exporters. He also explained how Bill of Lading were issued by the shipping   lines.   He   proved   the   Bill   of   Lading   Register pertaining   to   the   year   1996­97   as   Ex.PW2/A.   He   also proved entries at points Ex.PW2/C to Ex.PW2/F in the register   as   the   ones   pertaining  to   Carda  India   Ltd   vide which the containers were provided by M/s RNC Freight Movers   to   Carda   India   Ltd   and   consignments   were shipped   through   Maltrans   Shipping   Agencies   India   (P) Ltd., All Cargo Movers (North) (P) Ltd., Hanjin Shipping Company   Ltd.,   Medallion   Shipping   Agency   and Transword Shipping Services (I)(P) Ltd. He also proved the Bills of Lading Ex.PW2/G1 to Ex.PW2/G7 related to CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 22 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 23 above   said   entries   in   the   register   in   respect   of   Hanjin Shipping   Company.   He   further   showed   how   the   bills Mark   PW2/H1   to   H3   and   Mark   PW2/H5   to   H6   were forged and how the bill Ex.PW2/H4 had deficient details.  26.3 PW3   Sh.   Shyam   Lal   Jain   was   Superintendent   in   the Custom   Department   from   July,   1996   to   July,   1997   at Inland   Container   Depot,   Tughlakabad,   New   Delhi.   He explained the procedure when a party desires to ship any consignment abroad. He proved various GR forms which were processed by him as Ex.PW3/A to Ex.PW3/I.   26.4 PW4 Sh. Venkatraman Sekar was Manager in Gulf Ocean Shipping Pvt. Ltd from 1992 to January, 2008. He stated that M/s Ocean Shipping Pvt. Ltd was the sub­agent for North India for M/s Maltrans Shipping Agency Pvt. Ltd and M/s Spoonbill Maritime Agencies. They also carried out the work of shipping of cargo on behalf of these two companies in Delhi. He explained how they released the container for stuffing at Container Corporation of India, Tughlakabad or factory stuffing to the customer. He stated that after the stuffing of the container, the customer had to release the Bill of Lading from their office. During the relevant period, he used to sign all the Bills of Lading on behalf of M/s Maltrans Shipping Agencies Pvt. Ltd and CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 23 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 24 M/s Spoonbill Maritime Agencies. He also explained how the details of the Bills of Lading were entered in a register maintained companywise. He proved the Bill of Lading register in respect of M/s Maltrans Shipping Agencies as Ex.PW4/G. The Bill of Lading Register in respect of M/s Spoonbill Maritime Agencies (1996­97) is Ex.PW4/H. He also proved Bill of Lading dated 30.03.1996 in respect of shipment   to Bahrain  as  Ex.PW4/J.  He  stated  that  same Bill of Lading could not be released to any other shipper in   the   same   company.   Similarly,   the   Bill   of   Lading Ex.PW4/K regarding shipment to Dubai could not have been released to any other shipper. He stated that the Bills of Lading Ex.PW4/A to Ex.PW4/F were not issued by his office   and,  therefore,   they   were   not   genuine.  He   stated that   the   documents   Ex.PW4/L   to   Ex.PW4/X   were   not issued   from   his   office.   He   proved   the   Bill   of   Lading Ex.PW4/Y, Ex.PW4/Z and Ex.PW4/1. During his cross examination,   he   explained   that   the   Bills   of   Lading Ex.PW4/A to D were non­negotiable Bills of Lading and were to be signed by an authorized person on behalf of M/s Maltrans Shipping Agencies and Spoonbill Maritime. He also explained that in such kinds of Bills of Lading, only initials were to be put and the initials on these BoLs CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 24 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 25 were not his or anyone.

 26.5 PW5 Sh. Arvind Kumar Bhalla was posted as Officer in the Kailash Colony Branch of Punjab & Sind Bank from 1992 to 1998. He worked on current account, Outward Clearing and Bills Department. He stated that if the Chief Manager,   Scale­IV   exercised   beyond   his   discretionary power, he was required to inform the Zonal office and to take permission as well. He also testified that accused no. 1  used  his   password  unauthorizedly   while   dealing  with high value cheques. He proved various Cheque Returning Sheets   (Ex.PW5/A   to   Ex.PW5/Z   and   Ex.PW5/1   to Ex.PW5/12   and   Ex.PW5/13).   He   also   proved   Credit Vouchers   and   Pay­in   Slip/Clearing   Vouchers (Ex.PW8/A5   to   Ex.PW8/A­13   and   Ex.PW8/A­18, Ex.PW8/A­21   to   Ex.PW8/A­27   and   Ex.PW8/A­30   to Ex.PW8/A­35, Ex.PW8/A­40, Ex.PW8/A­43, Ex.PW8/A­ 45,   Ex.PW8/A­46   and   Ex.PW8/A­48   to   Ex.PW8/A­50, Ex.PW8/B   to   Ex.PW8/B­6   and   Ex.PW8/B­8   to Ex.PW8/B­11, Ex.PW8/B­14, Ex.PW8/B­16, Ex.PW8/B­ 18,   Ex.PW8/B19,   Ex.PW8/B­20   to   Ex.PW8/B­24, Ex.PW8/B­26,   Ex.PW8/B­31,   Ex.PW8/B­32,Ex.PW8/B­ 42,   Ex.PW8/B­49,   Ex.PW8/B­52   to   Ex.PW8/B­55, Ex.PW8/J4 to Ex.PW8/J­8, Ex.PW8/J­12, Ex.PW8/L­8 to CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 25 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 26 Ex.PW8/L­9,   Ex.PW8/L­13,   Ex.PW8/L­15,   Ex.PW8/L­ 29,   Ex.PW8/L­30,   Ex.PW8/L­43,   Ex.PW8/L­45, Ex.PW8/L­47 and Ex.PW8/L­48. He also proved the High Value Clearing Register and identified the entries in the hand of  accused no. 1 K.S. Chadha as Ex.PW5/14. He proved   his   letter   dated   20.03.1998   to   accused   no.   1 regarding   the   above   said   entries   in   the   High   Value Clearing Register as Ex.PW5/15. He also proved a receipt memo Ex.PW15/C.    26.6 PW6   Sh.   Surinder   Singh   Chamak   was   Senior Manager/Vigilance Officer in the Head Office, Vigilance Department   of   Punjab   &   Sind   Bank.   His   work   was supervised   by   Chief   Vigilance   Officer   of   the   Bank, Deputy General Manager and Assistant General Manager of   the   department.   He   also   testified   that   if   the   Branch Manager   exercised   any   discretion   with   respect   to   any account or facilities, the sanction for the same were to be recorded   in   the   Register   known   as   the   Manager Discretionary   Power   Register.   He   also   stated   that   such exercise of discretionary power was to be reported in the monthly statement to the Zonal Office. If any cheque was passed in the account beyond the sanctioned limit then the same  was  also  required to  be recorded  in  the  Manager CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 26 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 27 Special   Order   Register.   He   also   mentioned   about   his report dated 23.03.1998 submitted by him to the Assistant General Manager, Vigilance. He proved the five entries on   page   42   of   the   Manager   Special   Order   Register   as Ex.PW6/A.   The   statement   of   current   account   sundry parties maintained in ordinary course of banking business is   Ex.PW6/B.   He   also   proved   the   sanction   memos Ex.PW10/A and Ex.PW10/B. The Manager Special Order Book   is   Ex.PW6/B.   His   report   dated   23.03.1998   is Ex.PW6/C.   The   five   annexures   of   the   report   are Ex.PW6/C1 to Ex.PW6/C5. The statements of list of Cash Credit Accounts Credit balance, list of current accounts with negative balance are Ex.PW6/D. The Special Audit Report   of   Branch   Office   Kailash   Colony,   New   Delhi dated   19.04.1999   is   Ex.PW6/E.   He   also   proved   the statement of accounts no. 3851, 3954, 3910 as Ex.PW6/F, Ex.PW6/G   and   Ex.PW6/H.   The   file   maintained   in   the Kailash   Colony   Branch   in   official   course   of   business related to Carda India Pvt. Ltd for packing Credit advance is   Ex.PW6/J.   The   letter   dated   11.07.2001   vide   which documents Ex.PW6/C to Ex.PW6/C5 were sent to CBI is Ex.PW6/K.  He   proved  the  documents  such   as  shipping bills, statements of loan as Ex.PW6/L1 to Ex.PW6/L17.  

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 26.7     PW7 Sh. C.B. Chandermohan was the Assistant Manager,

Customer Service in M/s Confreight Shipping Agencies at Delhi. After explaining the basic procedure of releasing the B/L, he proved the photocopies of the original Bills of Lading   Ex.PW2/G   to   Ex.PW2/G7.   The   debit   notes annexued with these bills were also proved as Ex.PW7/A to   Ex.PW7/G.   The   non­negotiable   copy   of   the   Bills   of Lading   with   the   photocopies   of   the   original   bills   are Ex.PW7/H   to   H­2,   Ex.PW7/I   to   I­2,   Ex.PW7/J   to   J­2, Ex.PW7/K to K­2, Ex.PW7/L to L­2, Ex.PW7/M to M­2, Ex.PW7/N   to   N­2.   Another   original   bill   of   lading   is Ex.PW7/A.   26.8 PW8 is Sh. Ranjit H. Adwani who was the Clerk­cum­ Cashier in the Kailash Colony Branch. He has proved the Credit   Vouchers/Debit   Vouchers   Ex.PW8/A   to Ex.PW8/A­50,   Ex.PW8/B   to   Ex.PW8/B­68.   He   also proved the current account opening form of Karam Tex India   as   Ex.PW8/C.   Intimation   dated   20.12.1996   of sanction of loan of Rs. 65 lacs to Regional Manager as Ex.PW8/D. Account Opening Form of Carda India Pvt. Ltd is Ex.PW8/E. Extract of minutes of the meeting of Board of Directors of Carda India Pvt.Ltd is Ex.PW8/F. The Account Opening Form of the 2nd  account of Carda CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 28 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 29 India   Pvt.   Ltd   alongwith   the   Board   Resolution   are Ex.PW8/G   and   Ex.PW8/H.   He   also   proved   credit vouchers/draft   issue   vouchers/credit   bill   purchased vouchers Ex.PW8/J to Ex.PW8/J­18. He also proved the credit   vouchers/credit   MC   request   slips   Ex.PW8/K1   to Ex.PW8/K30. The draft requisition slips/MC request slips are Ex.PW8/L1 to Ex.PW8/L­67.

 26.9 PW9   is   Sh.   Charanjit   Singh   Bhatia   who   was   Senior Manager in Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash Colony Branch in May, 1994. He proved Appraisal notes of Carda India Ltd Ex.PW9/A and Ex.PW9/B respectively. He stated that the   signatures   at   point   B   on   Ex.PW9/A   were   not   his signatures and someone had tried to forge his signatures. He also stated that he had already been transferred from the branch 10 months prior to the issue of Appraisal Note Ex.PW9/A.   He   was   unable   to   identify   the   signatures affixed at point B (Senior Manager) in the Appraisal Note Ex.PW9/B. He also identified the signatures of accused no. 1 on the sanction of facilities to Carda (Ex.PW10/B).  26.10 PW10 Sh. Kuldeep Singh Kalsi is a retired bank officer who was posted in Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash Colony Branch   in   1996.   Regarding   opening   of   the   Current Accounts   and   availing   certain   facilities,   he   advised   the CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 29 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 30 Directors of Carda India to submit Audited Balance Sheet, Memorandum   and   Article   of   Association,   Bank's Statement etc. However, they never came forth with the required   documentation.   He   further   testified   that   no regular proposal was prepared or submitted to him.     He proved Sanction dated 07.08.1996 Ex.PW10/A, Sanction dated 11.12.1996 Ex.PW10/B.  26.11 PW11   is   Smt.   Meenu   Peterson   who   Documentation Assistant in M/s Gulf Ocean Shipping Pvt. Ltd. during the relevant   time.   She   explained   how   the   Bills   of   Lading Ex.PW4/A to Ex.PW4/E were not issued by Gulf Ocean Shipping Pvt. Ltd. She also proved the Bills of Lading Registers for the year 1996­97 of Maltrans Shipping Line (Ex.PW4/G) and of Spoonmill Maritime (Ex.PW4/H).  26.12 PW12 is Sh. Ableshwar Singh Sachdeva who was posted as   Manager   in   Punjab   &   Sind   Bank,   Kailash   Colony Branch   from   1994   to   2000.   He   deposed   that   the documents   pertaining   to   the   Collateral   Securities   were kept in the safe custody in the bank in Fire Proof Cabinet a   key   of   which   remained   with   him   and   the   other   key remained with the Chief Manager.  He proved the relevant entry on Title Deed Register  at page no. 18 Ex.PW12/A and at page no. 19 Ex.PW12/B. CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 30 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 31  26.13 PW13   is   Sh.   K.T.   Selvan   who   was   working   with Container   Corporation   of   India   in   different   capacities from   1993   onwards.   During   the   period   1996,   he   was working   as   Junior   Executive   at   Inland   Container Corporation   Depot   at   Tughlakabad,   Delhi.   During   the relevant   period,   he   was   the   incharge   of   Export Documentation   Cell   relating   to   different   shipping activities.     He   proved   shipping   Bill   Mark   PW­13/A, document   forwarding   note   issued   U/Sec.   64   of   Indian Railway Act, 1989 Mark PW13/B,   another Forwarding Note   Mark   PW13/C,   another   forwarding   note   Mark PW13/D,     another   forwarding   note   Mark   PW13/E, another   forwarding   note   Mark   PW13/F,   D­859   another forwarding   note   Mark   PW13/G,   D­860   another forwarding note Mark PW13/H, D­861 i.e. carbon copy of Inland   Way   Bill   No.   629290   dated   23.12.1996 Ex.PW13/P1, D­862 carbon copy of Inland Way Bill No. 629289   dated   23.12.1996   Ex.PW13/P2,   D­863   carbon copy of  Inland Way Bill No. 626530 dated 02.12.1996 Ex.PW13/P3, D­864 carbon copy of Inland Way Bill No. 624691   dated   15.11.1996   Ex.PW13/P4,   D­865   carbon copy of  Inland Way Bill No. 625591 dated 23.11.1996 Ex.PW13/P5, D­866 carbon copy of Inland Way Bill No. CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 31 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 32 623538   dated   05.11.1996   Ex.PW13/P6,   D­867   carbon copy of  Inland Way Bill No. 631913 dated 10.01.1997 Ex.PW13/P7 and receipt memo dated 15.02.2001 (D0868) Ex.PW13/P8.

 26.14 PW14 is Sh.G.P.S. Kohli who was working as Manager (Law) in the office of Assets Recovery Branch of Punjab &   Sind   Bank,   from   1997   to   2003.   He   proved   receipt memo   dated   11.12.2000   Ex.PW14/A   through   which documents such as Appraisal Notes and application dated 03.09.1996 of Carda were handed over by him to CBI.   26.15 PW15 is Sh. A.S. Jolly. He was posted as Senior Manager in   the   Kailash   Colony   Branch   from   1998   to   2004.   He proved   receipt   memo   dated   11.12.2000   Ex.PW15/A, seizure   memo   dated   03.05.2001   Ex.PW15/B,   receipt memo dated 06.06.2001 Ex.PW15/C, receipt memo dated 10.07.2001  Ex.PW15/D, seizure memo dated 24.04.2001 Ex.PW15/E,   seizure   memo   dated   22.01.2001 Ex.PW15/F,   seizure   memo   dated   01.05.2001   (D­845) Ex.PW15/G,   seizure   memo   dated   30.03.2001   (D­846) Ex.PW15/H,   seizure   memo   dated   10.04.2001   (DS­47) Ex.PW15/J,   seizure   memo   26.03.2001   Ex.PW15/K, seizure memo dated 28.03.2001  Ex.PW15/L and seizure memo dated 30.04.2001   Ex.PW15/M vide which various CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 32 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 33 documents of the bank were handed over to CBI.  26.16 PW16   is   Sh.   Ramesh   Kumar   Sareen   who   was   Zonal Manager, Delhi Zone in Punjab & Sind Bank since 1996. The Kailash Colony Branch was under his administrative control. He explained the established practices and normal procedure   in   the   Bank   related   to   opening   of   current accounts at branch level and extending of facilities by the Bank.   He   also   proved   the   ID   Circular   No.   1434   dated 28.10.1994 (Ex.PW6/DX) which relates to discretionary powers   on   advances.   He   also   proved   circular   letter   no. 42/96  dated   15.05.1996  as   Ex.PW16/A   (colly.)   through which the discretionary powers on advances was revised. He   also   explained   the   procedure   related   to   overdraft facility, discounting of bills, letter of credit and procedure of packing credit limit facilities.

 26.17 PW18 is Sh. Sudhakar Kumble who was posted as Vijaya Bank, Regional Office, New Delhi on 28.09.2001 and  he participated in the Search and Seizure proceedings   at   a residential   premises   at   NOIDA.   He   proved   search   list Ex.PW18/A, the file of Bill of Lading Ex.PW18/B and another   file   of   seized   containing   Bill   of   Lading Ex.PW18/C. CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 33 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 34  26.18 PW19   is   Sh.   Soumen   Ghosh   who   was   posted   in   UCO Bank. He proved his signatures as witness on the 30 pages of   handwriting   sheets   of   accused   Vikram   Arora Ex.PW19/A.   26.19 PW­20 Sh. Jitender Kumar Dogra proved his signatures as witness on the specimen handwriting sheets running into 171 pages of Sh. Kuldeep Singh Chadha, Sanjeev Arora, Virender Rajora, Sushil Kapoor and Sh. Charanjeet Singh Bhatia Ex.PW20/A.  26.20 PW21   is   Sh.   N.S.   Gujral   who   was   Chairman   and Managing Director, Punjab & Sind Bank, Head Office at New Delhi. He proved the sanction order on the judicial record dated 12.11.2002 Ex.PW21/A.   26.21 PW22 is Sh. Baljit Singh Dang who was posted as Head Cashier in Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash Colony Branch till   30.08.1997.   He   proved   D­498   MDP   Register   w.e.f 06.04.1996 to 29.03.2000 of Punjab & Sind Bank Bank, Kailash   Colony   Branch   as   Ex.PW22/A.     The   relevant entry in the register is Ex.PW22/B1. He also proved the register   Manager   Special   Book   related   to   overdraft facilities   as   Ex.PW22/E.   Manager   Special   Order   Book related to overdrawings is Ex.PW6/B. He also proved the half   yearly   investment   statements   of   the   Branch   as CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 34 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 35 Ex.PW22/G   to   Ex.PW22/G2.   He   also   proved   various cheques/pay   orders   from   Ex.PW22/C   to   Ex.PW22/C11 and Ex.PW22/D1 to Ex.PW22/D41.

 26.22 PW23   is   Sh.   Vareen   Sharma   who   proved   the   seizure memo  dated   02.03.2001   vide   which   the  Bill   of   Lading Register  of M/s RNC Freight Movers (Ex.PW2/A) was deposited with the CBI. 

 26.23 PW24   is   Sh.   Sanjay   Berry   who   was   posted   as   Bank Executive   in   HDFC   Bank,   Connaught   Place   in   May, 2001.   He   proved   the   receipt   memo   dated   23.05.2001 (Ex.PW24/A) vide which various documents were handed over to CBI. He also proved the Account Opening Forms of   M/s   Yogesh   Trading   Company   (Ex.PW24/B),   M/s Elekta   Telecommunications   Limited   (Ex.PW24/C) alongwith   annexures.   The   resolution   annexed   with   the Current Account Opening Form of M/s Yogesh Trading Company is Ex.PW24/C1. The Memorandum and Article of   Association   of   Elekta   Telecommunications   is Ex.PW24/E. The Bank transaction list are Ex.PW24/D1 to Ex.PW24/D3. He also testified that the bank the Times was merged with the HDFC Bank in or around the year 1998­1999. 

CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 35 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 36  26.24 PW25 is Sh. N.R.B. Patnaik who was the Chief Vigilance Officer   in   Punjab   &   Sind   Bank   in   October,   2000.   He proved   his   complaint   dated   28.10.2000   against   accused no. 1 and Carda India Ltd (accused no. 4) and their sister concerns as Ex.PW25/A.   26.25 PW26 is Sh. Virender Rajoura who worked as Accountant for  about  4­5 years from 1996 onwards in Carda  India Pvt. Ltd. He identified the signatures of accused Sanjeev Arora and Vikram Arora on various documents such as Account   Opening   Form   (Ex.PW8/C,   Ex.PW8/E   and Ex.PW8/G),   Board   Resolution   (Ex.PW8/F),   Credit Vouchers   and   cheques.   This   witness,   however,   did   not support the prosecution's case so far as the allegation of payment of bribe to accused no. 1 by accused no. 2 and 3 is concerned. 

 26.26 PW27   is   Sh.   M.C.   Joshi,   Assistant   Director   (Deputy GEQD). He proved the detailed GEQD report/opinion as Ex.PW27/H   alongwith   other   related   documents   such   as specimen   signatures   (Ex.PW20/A,   Ex.PW27/C   to Ex.PW27/G), letters of CBI Ex.PW27/A and Ex.PW27/B, forwarding letter vide which opinion was returned to the CBI   Ex.PW27/J   and   detailed   reasons   of   the opinion/GEQD report (Ex.PW27/K).

CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 36 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 37  26.27 PW28   is   Sh.   Satish   Kumar   Anand   who   was   posted   as Officer, International Banking Division (IBD) in Punjab & Sind Bank, Connaught Place, New Delhi from 1989 to 1991 and as Manager at Kailash Colony Branch of Punjab & Sind Bank from 1995 to 1998. At the branch, his duty was   to   look   after   the   affairs   of   Foreign   Exchange Department.   He   explained   the   procedures   involved   in discounting   of   bills   against   letter   of   credit  and   without letter of credit. He deposed that in the Foreign Exchange Department, he was assisted by Sh. Jasjit Singh, Clerk. He proved the Bills Purchase Register (1995 to March, 1997) as   Ex.PW28/K.   He   also   proved   his   objections   on   the sanction memos Ex.PW6/J, Ex.PW28/A­1, Ex.PW28/A­2, Ex.PW28/A­3, Ex.PW28/A­4, Ex.PW28/A­5, Ex.PW28/E and Ex.PW28/G. He also proved the FOBP files related to the   11   discounted   bills   of   lading.   He   also   proved   the Export   Bill   Register   (19.05.1997   to   10.05.1999)   as Ex.PW28/L.  26.28 PW29   is   Sh.   Bhupender   Kumar   is   the   Investigating Officer   in   the   present   case.   He   proved   the   FIR   in   the instant case as Ex.PW29/A. He identified the signatures of the then Addl. S.P., CBI Sh. N.K. Mukherjee on the FIR   as   well   as   on   the   chargesheet   (Ex.PW29/B).   He CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 37 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 38 explained the entire investigation conducted by him. He also   proved   the   search   list   (Ex.PW18/A)   regarding   the search   conducted   at   the   residential   premises   of   Sh. Jagdish   Arora,   father   of   accused   no.   2   and   3.   The documents   seized   including   the   Memorandum   of Association of M/s Al Emera Electronics, Dubai (Mark PW29/X1).   He   also   proved   various   receipt   memos   and seizure   memos   vide   which   several   documents   were received   and   seized.   He   also   proved   the   questioned documents   and   specimen   signatures   and   handwriting referred for GEQD opinion. He also proved the 7 genuine shipping   bills   seized   from   Sh.   B.K.   Anand,   Inspector, Custom,   ICD   Tughlakabad   vide   which   goods   were exported   to   the   respective   buyers.   These   shipping   bills alongwith   their   annexures   are   Ex.PW29/D­1   to Ex.PW29/D­7.   He   also   deposed   that   he   had   seized statements of loan sanctioned under MDP for the month of May, 1996, June, 1996, January, 1997 to March, 1997.   26.29 PW30 is Sh. Satvir Singh who was posted as Dy. S.P., CBI, BS&FC Branch in May, 2001 after which he was promoted as Addl. S.P. in the same branch. He deposed that   the   search   warrants   issued   by   this   Court   were entrusted to him by the Investigating Officer of the case.

CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 38 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 39 He   proved   Ex.PW18/A   which   is   the   search   list   dated 28.09.2001   pertaining   to   the   search   at   the   residential premises of Sh. Jagdish Arora in NOIDA. He identified the signatures on this search list.  

STATEMENT OF ACCUSED U/S 313 CrPC

27. After prosecution evidence, statement of all the Accused persons   were   recorded   u/s   313   Cr.PC.   The   entire incriminating   evidence   was   put   to   all   the   Accused persons.   They   denied   the   incriminating   evidence pertaining   to   their   role   in   commission   of   offence   and claimed their innocence.

27.1A­1 K.S. Chadha explained: "The case was registered on basis of false and exaggerated submitted by N.R.B Patnaik PW­25 on basis of his letter dated 28.10.2000 who even is not investigate the truthfulness of allegations at his own level. In the cross he had admitted that he did not draft the complaint D­1 and the para 6 & 7 of letter D­1 does not pertain   to   Kailash   Colony   Branch   but   to   IBD   Mumbai Branch and no case is registered against Chief Manager of that Branch. In para 4 it is falsely reported that 22 bills were purchased and outstanding whereas only 9 bills were outstanding of  Carda India Ltd. In May 98 when I was CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 39 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 40 promoted   as   AGM   on   basis   of   good   performance   and posted at Mumbai Fort Branch. The bills and documents were  in  order  and  genuine  and  goods   were  exported  to foreign buyers (AL EMARA Electronic Establishment) and payments were earlier received by bank in respect of 10 bills and the bank was financially benefitted. This however show good past track of party and reflecting that buyer is genuine. The delay in payment of bills was due to overall recession and quality dispute of goods as per party letter dated 13.8.98. D­505. As per Bank rules & guidelines the export finance was fully covered by ECGC cover as well as by   two   properties   mortgaged   to   bank   along   with hypothecation of goods and raw materials. The Bank filed suit  for recovery of Bank dues on 26.04.1999. The case was decreed in Bank's favour and properties auctioned by DRT  Recovery Officer. The Claim with ECGC was also lodged   PW28/DW­1   on   25.05.98.   So   there   was   no   loss caused to the bank. All goods were exported to Al EMARA Electronic   Establishment   or   not   to   Al   Emara   Electronic LLC ( Limited Liability Company ) All the documents were genuine as processing officer had never pointed out about non genuineness of any of bills. PW29 has also deposed on 28.07.14 that the bills are genuine. There was no criminal CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 40 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 41 conspiracy   all   transactions   were   made   as   per   Bank's norms and rules. There was no favour to the co­accused. I also acted bonafidely as per bank system, norms and rules. No   advance   was   allowed   against   cheques   deposited   in clearing   and   returned   unpaid.   Many   of   the   important papers/reports   such   as   RBI   inspection   report   dated 20.08.98,   Concurrent   Audit   report   Charge   filing   papers with ROC for registration of charge on property in name of company, Copy of plaint dated 26.04.99 of filing of suit in DRT for recovery of Bank dues have not been collected seized by investigating officer to conceal the facts. Further PW29 in cross has deposed on 2.08.14 that no evidence was found to show any pecuniary benefit was taken by me (K.S. Chadha) so this is not a case of criminal suit but a case of civil suit which has already been filed on 26.04.99 for   recovery   of   bank   dues   and   was   decreed   in   bank's favour   and   properties   mortgaged   auctioned   by   DRT recovery   officer   and   amount   adjusted   against   the outstanding dues".

27.2A­2 Sanjeev Arora explained: "In this case all the export documents were in order, genuine and through them goods were   exported   to   the   foreign   buyer   and   payments   were earlier   received   by   the   bank.   The   export   finance   was CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 41 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 42 ensured   by   ECGS   cover   with   property   mortgage   and hypothecation of raw materials.   Therefore, there was no loss to the bank . In this case we had requested the bank for the post  export finance i.e after exporting the goods from   our   own   resources.   Being   the   customer   we approached   the   bank   for   the   financial   assistance   in ordinary course of business in genuine manner and there was   no   intention   to   cause   any   loss   to   the   bank.   Almost entire dues pertaining to principal amounts   of the bank has been realized from ECGC cover, mortgaged properties and hypothecated goods and no loss has been caused to the bank.   There   was   no   criminal   conspiracy   with   any   bank official".  

27.3A­3 Vikram Arora explained: "My forms were genuine. Goods were generally exported to foreign buyers and bill were genuine. Certain part payments were also received there   against.   Transaction   was   fully   covered   by   policy ECGC   and   the   bank   also   preferred   the   claim   for   that. There was no wrong committed from our side and bank did not   suffer   any   financial   loss   of   Principal   amount. Collateral   securities   were   given   before   sanctioning   the loan/over dues and the said collateral securities/mortgage properties   had   been   sold   by   bank   in   auction   in   the CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 42 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 43 proceedings   and   in   pursuance   to   the   orders   of   DRT   to realize   the   outstanding   amounts.   There   was   no   criminal intent or dishonest intention at any stage on our part. This is simple case of non receipt of payment of civil liability and that has been decided by DRT". 

27.4On behalf of A­4 Carda India, it was submitted: " In this case   our   company   is   genuine.   The   bills   and   documents were  in  order  and  genuine  and  goods   were  exported  to foreign buyers (AL EMARA Electronic Establishment) and payments   were   earlier   received   by   bank.   The   export finance   was   covered   by   ECGC   cover   with   property mortgaged and hypothecation of goods and raw materials. There   was   no   loss   to   the   bank.   In   the   case   we   had requested the bank for post export finance after exporting the goods from our own sources. Being the customer, we approached   the   bank   for   the   financial   assistance   in ordinary course of business in genuine manner and there was   no   intention   to   cause   any   loss   to   the   bank.   Almost entire dues pertaining to principle amount of the bank has been realized from ECGC cover , auction of mortgaged properties and hypothecation of goods and raw materials and no loss has been caused to the bank. There was no criminal   conspiracy   with   any   bank   officials.   Cheques   in CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 43 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 44 question   were   presented   for   clearing   only   in   ordinary course   of   business   without   any   request   for   purchase   of cheques and therefore there could have been no question of loss to the bank against the cheques which were only for clearing. About 22 bills were submitted by the company to the bank but only 7 bills were purchased by the bank and the company had exported goods of a heavy amount more than   the   amount   of   said   seven   bills.   All   goods   were exported to Al EMARA Electronic Establishment or not to Al Emara Electronic LLC ( Limited liability company).All the documents were genuine. The documents which were sent through foreign bank through our bankers i.e Punjab Sind Bank, Kailash Colony have not been collected by the said bank or Investigating officer to conceal the facts". 

DEFENCE EVIDENCE:

28. Eight DWs were examined in defence:

28.1. DW1 is Sh. Ankur Gupta, Manager, Punjab & Sind Bank, Assets   and   Recovery   Branch­I,   Rajindra   Place,   New Delhi. He was summoned by accused no. 1 K.S. Chadha.

He produced the summoned record. The copy of OA no. 165/99 titled as Punjab & Sind Bank vs. Carda India Ltd, Sanjeev Arora and Vikram Arora filed in Debt Recovery CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 44 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 45 Tribunal   (DRT),   Delhi   is   Ex.DW1/A.   The   final   order dated 02.05.2001 passed by DRT­I is Ex.DW1/B, copy of order   dated   27.08.2012   in   relation   to   this   case   is Ex.DW1/C.   Vide   the   final   order   dated   02.05.2001,   a decree   of   Rs.4,74,38,493/­   was   passed   against   the defendants   jointly   and   severely   and   in   favour   of   the applicant bank alongwith pendente lite and future interest @ 20.5% with quarterly rests as well as cost. As per the order dated 27.08.2012, an amount of Rs. 48.50 lacs was recovered   by   the   Bank   by   way   of   auctioning   of   the mortgaged  property and  the  remaining  decretal amount was still due. The proceedings were adjourned sine die as the assets of the defendants were not traceable.  28.2. DW2 is Inderjeet Singh Sethi who was posted as AGM at Head Office, Vigilance Department, Punjab & Sind Bank, Rajindra Place, Delhi. He was summoned by accused no. 1   K.S.   Chadha.   He   produced   the   file   pertaining   to   the grant   of   sanction   to   prosecute   accused   no.   1   public servant. He proved the photocopy of the draft sanction order as Ex.DW2/A.  28.3. DW3  is  Sh.  Jasjeet   Singh  who  was  posted   as  Clerk   in Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash Colony Branch from 1995 to   1997.   He   was   summoned   by   accused   no.   1   K.S. CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 45 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 46 Chadha.   He   proved   the   entry   on   page   46   of   the   Bill Register related to export bill (Ex.PW28/K) pertaining to Carda   India   as   Ex.DW3/A.   He   also   referred   to   certain entries reflected on page no. 31, 32, 37, 39, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60 against which payments were received from Al Emara Electronics,   Dubai.   He   also   identified   the   signatures   of accused   K.S.   Chadha   on   the   documents   pertaining   to Form   no.   8   of   Companies   Act,   1956   and   register   of charges  pertaining  to  transaction  related  to  Carda  India Ltd (Ex.DW3/B). 

28.4. DW4 is Sh. Manjit Singh, Chief Manager, Punjab & Sind Bank,   Kailash   Colony   Branch.   He   was   summoned   by accused no. 1 K.S. Chadha. He produced the documents Ex.DW3/B.   He   also   proved   the   two   letters   dated 14.12.1999 and September 27, 1999 forming part of the original   file   containing   correspondence   relating   to   the transaction   of   Carda   India   Ltd.   These   two   letters   are collectively   Ex.DW4/A.   He   was,   however,   not   able   to produce   the   record   pertaining   to   (i)   Inspection   Report dated 20.08.1998 by Sh. A.K. Goel, AGM, RBI, (ii) FDR proceed credit voucher dated 29.07.1998 of Karam Tex India   and   (iii)   copies   of   concurrent   audit   report   from March,   1996   to   December,   1998   relating   to   Kailash CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 46 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 47 Colony   Branch.   He   stated   that   these   records   were   not traceable being old. 

28.5. DW5 is Sh. Arvind Singh, Senior Manager, Zonal Office, Punjab & Sind Bank, Ashram Chowk. He was summoned by   accused   no.   1   K.S.   Chadha.   He   stated   that   despite efforts the record pertaining to half yearly short inspection report   of   Kailash   Colony   Branch   conducted   by   Zonal Office for the year March, 1996 to March, 1998 alongwith copies   of   concurrent   audit   report   for   the   same   period could not be traced out being old record.  28.6. DW6 is Sh. H.S. Shant who was posted as Chief Manager in   the   Kailash   Colony   Branch   of   Punjab   &   Sind   Bank from 1998 to 2001. He was summoned by accused no. 1 K.S. Chadha. This witness had succeeded accused no. 1 as Chief   Manager   in   the   year   1998.   He   identified   his signatures as well as signatures of AGM on the copy of the Civil Suit filed by the Bank in DRT (Ex.DW1A). 

 

29. I have heard the ld. PP for CBI and Ld. Defence counsels for Accused persons. I have carefully perused the record. I have also considered the written submissions submitted by prosecution as well as accused.  

CC No. 05/12                          21.12.2016                     47 of 126
RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D
                                       48



 A BRIEF OUTLOOK

30. It is not disputed that Carda India Pvt. Ltd. is a company in  existence  and  accused   no.  2  and  3  namely,  Sanjeev Arora   and   Vikram   Arora   are   its   Directors.   Accused Sanjeev Arora is also the proprietor of Karam Tex India. Admission/denial   of   documents   was   conducted   in   the present case. The documents relating to the transactions in Punjab & Sind Bank have been admitted. Accused no. 2   and   3   did   not   admit   the   cheques   issued   from   their accounts   in   the   Times   Bank.   These   cheques   alongwith other   documents   not   admitted   have   been   dealt   with according to the evidence led including the GEQD report.

31. The   present   case   pertains   specifically   to   unauthorized overdrawings from the three accounts in question by the accused no. 2,3 and 4 in conspiracy with Accused no. 1, extending of various facilities/limits to Accused no. 2,3 and   4   by   Accused   no.   1   in   violation   of   Banking Guidelines and discounting of 11 forged Bills of Lading. While defrauding the Punjab & Sind Bank (complainant bank) in this manner, accused persons also used forged documents   and   committed   forgery,   manipulation, tampering of bank record. The evidence collected during CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 48 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 49 investigation   also   revealed   7   original   Bills   of   Lading whose details were used to create 7 out of 11 false Bills of Lading. In other words, the goods were dispatched by accused no. 2,3 and 4 vide the original / genuine Bills of Lading to  the drawees  i.e.  Al  Emara and  Gulf  Waves. These accused then prepared false B/Ls using the details of the above said genuine bills and others for the purpose of cheating the Punjab & Sind Bank by presenting those false bills of ladings (11 in number) for discounting in connivance with accused no. 1. The witnesses from the sub­agents  of   shipping/carrier    companies   also   testified that the 11 B/Ls were not issued by them.

32. Before discussing the points in issue , it is important to understand certain procedures which have been explained by a few witnesses. 

Process of Opening a Current Account:

33. PW   16   Sh.   Ramesh   Kumar   Sareen,   the   then   Zonal Manager, Delhi Zone in Punjab & Sind Bank explained the procedure of opening a current account as follows: 

"A   company   was   required   to   submit   its Memorandum and Articles of Association, copy of Registration   Certificate   with   the   Registrar   of CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 49 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 50 Company,   Copy   of   Resolution   of   the   Boards   of Directors of the company regarding authorisation for opening of the related account indicating the particulars of the person, authorised to open the account. In case of old established companies their balance sheet was also required to be obtained to know   the   financial   position   of   the   companies   as well as their Directors. Account should have been properly   introduced   as   per   the   guideline   of   the head office. Account should have been introduced by   some   respectable   person,   however   bank Manager   was   also   authorised   to   open   the account".

Various Limits, Credit Facilities and Discretionary Powers:

34. PW16 explained as follows:

"So far as the extending of different limits or credit facilities   to   the   constituent   account   holders, discretionary power was delegated to the different authorities in the bank by the Board of Directors of the   bank   for   running   the   business   smooth   and effectively and this authorisation was required to be   executed   with   due   check   and   balances.
CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 50 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 51 Invariably the authority exercising discretion was required to escalate his discretion in any account to the higher authority at the very outset when the facility was sanctioned. On the last working Friday of   every   month   the   concerned   authority   was required   to   submit   a   consolidated   statement   of having exercised discretionary powers in respect of different accounts during the month to the higher authorities alongwith the material available in the light of discretion exercised which will include the application   of   party,   appraisal   of   note   of   the branch   ands   other   financial   papers   as   made available by the party. At branch level a dispatch register is maintained which indicates the related sanctions   having   been   sent   to   the   concerned superior authority on the date of sanction. It also indicates   particulars   of   contents   of   statement covering   details   of   exercise   of   the   discretionary power by the branch Manager.
If   at   any   point   of   time   account   exceeds   the discretionary   power   available   to   the   Branch Manager, at first he has to forthwith stop exercise discretion and any further enhancement of the limit CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 51 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 52 cannot be sanctioned by the authority vested with the   powers   to   sanction.   In   case   Manager   has   to increase his discretion he is required immediately to take up the matter with his superior authority for ratification of his action. Till the action of manager in   the   matter   of   exceeding   his   discretion   is   not ratified   by   the   competent   authority   the accountability   will   continue   to   lie   with   Branch Manager ands he cannot use his discretion in that particular account."

Sister Concerns:

35. In the cross examination, PW16 explained that by sister concerns, he meant that one or more Directors of one company were common in two or more companies. He further stated that it was correct that during the relevant periods,   there   was   government   policy   to   promote transaction   to   generate   foreign   currency.   It   was   also correct that in order to encourage the foreign currency, the banks were   slightly liberal in allowing the credit facilities. 

Discounting of Bills

36. PW16 also explained the discounting of Bill on 19/04/14 in his examination in chief, which is as under:  

CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 52 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 53 "The   limit   of   bill   discounting   pertaining   to   this case was not set up by me and its file was never put up before me. In the cases of bill discounting party submits   the   documents   of   the   orders   alongwith other   details   and   bank   may   allow   the   bill discounting   as   per   the   terms   of   the   limit   . Thereafter, the amount the is firstly credited and then debited  in the account of the party. The bill is sent to the bank of the party which has placed the order. If the party made the payment, if the bank will   receive   the   same   and   will   made   the   entry accordingly in the account of the party concerned. In case the payment is not received within 30 days the red signal is marked and a letter is sent to the bank   concerned.   Accordingly,   if   payment   is   not received even after the notice , the bill is returned to  the bank  and the  amount  already  paid by  the bank   against   the   bill   discounting   become outstanding   against   the   party   and   accordingly   a debit entry is made in the account. If the discounted bills of the particular party are not being paid and the payment is not received by the bank, in such cases   though   there   is   no   bar   for   discounting   of CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 53 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 54 other bills, but the Manager concerned should use his   wisdom   and   discretion   and   generally   further discounting of bills is not allowed in such cases. From time to time circulars are being issued by the bank in respect of the bill discounting'. 

Packing Credit Limit Facility:

37. PW 16 also explained the procedure of  Packing Credit limit facility in his examination in chief on 18/01/2014 which is as under: 

"First   of   all   the   party   approaches   the   bank manager   for   packing   credit   limit   facility   and discusses his case for the sanction. If the branch manager   is   prima   faciely   satisfied   with   the proposal,   he   asked   the   party   to   first   open   his current account. After opening of current account with proper introduction, the bank tries to verify the   genuineness   of   the   party   and   documents   like financial status, reputation, statement of accounts, confidential   reports,   etc.   For   packing   credit facility,   export   order   of   a   foreign   company   is mandatory.   The   packing   credit   facilities   is provided to the party to fulfilled the export order received   from   foreign   company   by   the   party.   In CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 54 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 55 such cases, the bills are sent to the foreign party/its banker   and   the   payment   is   received   from   the foreign party/its bank to adjust the loan amount, therefore, there is a factor of risk for the bank. To cover the said risk of the bank, party is instructed to submit collateral securities in the form of title deeds of immovable properties and the ECG cover from   Export   Credit   Guarantee   Corporation   of India. The expenses of ECG cover are incurred by the party. In some cases where the party has a very high reputation in the market and the buyer is a multinational   company   and   the   government   of India   is   specifically   encouraging   the   foreign exchange, the condition of collateral securities may be   relaxed   but   the   ECG   cover   is   a   mandatory condition.   Powers   for   sanction   of   packing   credit facilities   are   delegated   from   time   to   time   by   the office   circulars   in   favour   of   bank   officers   of different scales. The officers of different scales are also   provided   indispensable   requirements   which are   to   be   complied   with   by   the   bank   officers   of different   scales   while   sanctioning   packing   credit facilities. After sanction of packing credit facilities, CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 55 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 56 the   sanctioning   authority   is   required   to   send   the sanction order along with all the documents to the bank   officer   of   the   next   superior   scale   for   a confirmation.   The   officer   of   superior   scale,   after consideration of sanction order and the documents sent to him, may either confirm or may send back the   matter   to   the   officer   concerned   for   query   or modification etc. As far as my memory goes back, at that time I was posted as Zonal Officer and the file of packing credit facility of this case was never put   up   before   me,   therefore,   I   am   not   able   to comment whether the above mentioned procedure was fully complied with in the present case. By next scale, I mean the next superior hierarchy/office". 

Crystallization of Bill:

38. PW28   Sh.   Satish   Kumar   Anand   the   then   Manager   at Kailash Colony Branch of Punjab & Sind Bank explained the meaning of term Crystalization of bill:

"When a discounting bill against LC or without LC   it   is   purchased   by   the   bank   for   a   certain amount on the current rate of US Dollar on that day.   Normally   30   days   period   is   prescribed   for CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 56 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 57 receipt   of   payment   against   the   advance   of discounting of bill and 30 days period against the due   date   is   permitted   by   the   bank   for   the   said period. If the payment is received within the said prescribed   period   the   matter   is   over.   If   the payment   is   not   received   in   the   said   prescribed period   of   30   days   even   after   due   date   the discounting   bill   is   crystalized   which   means   that after   crystalization   of   bill   the   payment   shall   be realized by the bank on the current rate of the US Dollar.   The   current   rate   of   US   Dollar   may increase or decrease in the said process but the payment is realized by the bank on current rate of US   Dollar   and   no   benefit   of   the   increase   or decrease of US Dollar is given to the party. Even if   the   rate   of   the   US   Dollar   is   decreased   the payment   is   received   on   the   current   rate   of   US Dollar by the bank and no benefit is given to the party. But if the rate of the US Dollar is increased against   the   Indian   rupee/currency,   then   the difference   is   recovered   from   the   party   so   that there may not be any loss to the bank. The process of   crystalization   of   discounting   of   bills   is CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 57 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 58 controlled by the Head Office, Foreign Exchange Department,   of   our   bank   in   accordance   of   the guide lines of RBI. As per the current rate of US Dollar   given   by   the   head   office   and   the instructions in respect of particular discounting of bill   /   advance   the   relevant   entry   is   made   in register like Ex.PW 28/K at the branch level under the supervision of branch level by the concerned official".

How Bill of Lading is Issued:

39. PW 4 Sh. Venkatraman Sekar, the then Manager in  Gulf Ocean   Shipping   Pvt   Ltd,   the   sub   agent   of   Maltrans Shipping   Agency   and   Spoonbill   Maritime   Agencies explained   that   once   customer   asked   for   container   after agreeing to pay the charges, they released the container for   stuffing   at   Container   Corporation   of   India   at Tughlakabad or factory stuffing as per requirement of the customer. After stuffing of the container, customer gets Bill of lading released from their office. After recovery of dues, the office signs and releases the B/L after proper check alongwith necessary supporting documents. Before issuing the B/Ls in aforesaid manner, particulars  such as CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 58 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 59 B/L   no.   and   other   details   are   recorded   in   the   registers maintained company­wise. 

40. The other terms often used in the present case are FOBP, FOBLC, MDP Register, ECGC and DA Bills.  FOBP stands for Foreign Outward Bill Purchase. FOBLC stands for  Foreign Outward Bill under Letter  of Credit. MDP register   stands   for   Manager's   Discretionary   Powers register.   ECGC   stands   for   Export   Credit   Guarantee Corporation   of   India.   DA   Bill   stands   for   Document Against Acceptance which involves deferred payment.

IMPROPER OPENING OF ACCOUNTS:

41. The   case   of   the   prosecution   is   that   the   two   current accounts of the company Carda India Pvt. Ltd., bearing account nos. 3851 and 3954 as well as the current account of proprietorship concern M/s Karam Tex India bearing account   no.   3910   were   opened   by   the   accused   no.   1 K.S.Chadha without proper documentation in furtherance of the conspiracy with Accused no. 2,3 and 4 to cheat Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash Colony Branch, New Delhi.

42. PW10 Sh. Kuldeep Singh Kalsi, the then Bank Officer, testified that in the beginning of 1996 the Directors of accused no. 4 company Carda India Pvt. Ltd., approached CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 59 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 60 the then Branch Manager (Accused no. 1) for opening the Bank account and availing some facilities. PW10 advised the accused no. 2 and 3 to submit Audited Balance Sheet, Memorandum   and   Article   of   Association,   Bank Statement etc. He further testified that the two Directors never came forth with the required documentation and no regular proposal was prepared or submitted to him. The Account Opening Forms of A/c no. 3851, 3954 (of Carda India Pvt. Ltd) (Ex.PW8/E and Ex.PW8/G) and account no. 3910 of Karam Tex India, proprietorship concern of accused no. 2 Sanjeev Arora (Ex.PW8/C) are on record. These documents show that they are single page Current Account Opening Forms. The Application Forms related to Carda India Pvt. Ltd are blank on the rear side. There is no rear page in respect of the Account Opening Form of M/s Karam Tex. All the three Account Opening Forms show that these accounts were authorized to be opened by Accused   no.   1.   They   also   show   that   the   required documents   were   not   submitted   by   the   applicants.   The only document annexed with the Account Opening Forms of Carda India Pvt. Ltd are the resolutions of the Board of Directors authorizing accused Sanjeev Arora (in case of A/c No. 3954) and accused Sanjeev Arora and Vikram CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 60 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 61 Arora (in respect of A/c no. 3851) to open the accounts and to arrange with the Punjab & Sind Bank for advance to   the   company   by   way   of   loan   and   overdraft   and   to charge   any   of   the   company's   property   and   securities therefor.   The   current   accounts   in   the   names   of   Carda India and Karam Tex, thus, were authorized to be opened by Accused no.1  without adopting necessary safeguards and without proper documentation. 

GRANT   OF   CASH   CREDIT   LIMIT   AND OVERDRAWING FACILITY

43. The   allegation   of   the   prosecution   is   that   there   was   no application or any kind of form submitted by accused no. 2,3 and 4 with the Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash Colony Branch for grant of Cash Credit Limit or Overdrawing Facility.  Still  these  facilities  were  illegally extended  to accused   no.   4   company.   Thus,   at   the   time   when overdrawings were made by accused no. 2,3 and 4 from the   three   accounts   in   question,   there   was   no   sanction order   in   this   respect   in   favour   of   these   accused.   It   is alleged that these sanction orders were created by accused no.   1   only   later   to   cover   up   these   illegal   acts.   Even otherwise, the accused no. 1 well exceeded his powers CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 61 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 62 while granting the Cash Credit Limit and Overdrawing Facility to accused no. 4 company. I shall deal with these contentions in two parts.

Discretionary Powers and Overdrawings Permitted

44. The   'Lending   Powers   ­   Guidelines   and   Provisions' alongwith the  revised Discretionary Powers Chart  is on record   as   Ex.PW6/DX.   I   will   first   consider   the   chart related   to   'Power   to   make   loans   and   advances   and   to grant   other   facilities'.   This   chart   provides   that   the maximum  discretionary power available with the Chief Manager/Regional   Manager   for   grant   of   Cash   Credit   / Overdraft / Loan was Rs.20 lacs at that time. Now, I will refer to the chart of the limits of discretionary powers in respect   of   certain   limits.   I   first   refer   to   'Export   (Pre­ Shipment)'. Under this head, the Regional Manager/Chief Manager can provide maximum packing credit of Rs.20 lacs   in   cases   where   there   were   Letter   of   Credit   with ECGC guarantee. It is noted that in the instant case, there was no Letter of Credit of the foreign bank on record. Now I refer to 'Post Shipment' facilities'. It provides that against the DA Bills not covered by Letter of Credit but covered by ECGC guarantee, the maximum discretionary CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 62 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 63 power   of   Rs.   6   lacs   was   available   to   the   Regional Manager/Chief Manager. The chart also mentions that the discretionary powers upto Rs. 2 crores was available with the   Regional   Manager/Chief   Manager   in   respect   of 'negotiation   documentary   export   bills'   under   the irrevocable Letter of Credit of foreign Banks of repute strictly   in   conformity   with   the   conditions   of   Letter   of Credit (L/C).  The guidelines also provide the extent upto which the sanctioned limits may be exceeded in case of emergent circumstances. It provides that Branch Incharge may exceed upto 5% of the sanctioned limit of Rs.1 lac whichever is lower. Similarly, the Regional Manager may exceed upto 10%  of the sanctioned limit of Rs. 5 lacs whichever   is   lower.   This   provision   applies   in   cases   of secured advances. Thus, even a Regional Manager could not have exceeded the Cash Credit Limit of Rs. 22 lacs in the cases of emergency.

45. The   statement   of   account   of   accused   no.   4   company's current   A/c   no.   3851   (Ex.PW6/F)   shows   that   as   on 26.04.1999,   there   was   an   outstanding/debit   balance   of Rs.1,77,25,663/­. Ex.PW6/G is the statement of accused no. 4 company's current account no. 3954 which shows that   as   on   26.04.1999,   there   was   an   outstanding/debit CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 63 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 64 balance of Rs. 52,54,123/­. Ex.PW6/H is the statement of current   account   No.   3910   of   M/s   Karam   Tex   India.   It shows   that   as   on   26.04.1999,   the   outstanding/debit balance   against   this   concern   was   Rs.32,04,980/­.   This proves   that   accused   no.   2,   3   and   4   were   permitted   to overdraw such amounts from the above said three current accounts by accused no.1 which  were  well beyond the discretionary powers of Accused no. 1. It is also noted that the accused no.1 allowed discounting of bills to the tune   of   Rs   2.84   crores   which   was   way   beyond   his discretionary   powers.   These   discounted   B/Ls   were without any Letter of Credit.

46. Ld. counsel for accused no. 1 has referred to Clause 35 of the   Lending   Powers­Guidelines   and   Provisions   which provides as follows: 

"35. For sanctioning authorities from CM/RM and above in case of group advances, total expansure would   be   twice   the   powers   mentioned   in   each category   of   revised   chart.   For   the   purpose   of loaning Powers, concerns shall be allied/associate of another, if any.
i)   Two   concerns   have   one   or   more   common partners/proprietors, Guarantee, OR CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 64 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 65
ii)   Any   of   the   directors   of   the   private   limited company   is   director   of   another   private   limited company OR
iii)   A   limited   company   is   subsidiary   of   another limited company or  is closely  held company with substantial   interest,   (I.e,   more   than   50%   of   the equity share capital of the company is owned by the another company}, OR
iv) The Partner/Proprietor of a firm is a director in a Pvt. Ltd. Company Inspite   of   the   above   broad   based   definitions   of associate/allied   concerns,   if   the   sanctioning authority   still   feels   that   two   firms/companies   are suspected to be connected by not covered under the above   definition,   he   should   seek   specific instructions   from   Head   Office".  The   perusal   of sanction orders of grant of facilities (Ex.PW10/A, Ex.PW10/B and Ex.PW8/D) do not indicate in any manner that it was a case of group advance or a case where   clause   35   was   applicable.   The   sanction facilities were accorded vide the above said orders independently of each other. Besides, the bills in the instant case were not covered by Letter of Credit.
CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 65 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 66 Even if twice the discretionary power permitted to a Chief Manager was considered , it would   still be much less than the amount that was permitted to be overdrawn from the three accounts in question. 

47. It is reiterated that the overdrawing of these accounts was being   permitted   even   though   there   was   neither   any request of the accused no. 2,3 and 4 on record for grant of such   facilities   nor   was   there   any   sanction   order sanctioning such facilities and to cover up these illegal acts, sanction orders were created later on. The issue of sanctioning orders and appraisal notes has been discussed separately below.

Sanctioning of Facilities Order and Appraisal Note:

48. It is alleged that the sanctioning of the facilities orders dated   07.08.1996   (Ex.PW10/A)   and   11.12.1996 (Ex.PW10/B)   in   favour   of   Carda   India   Pvt.   Ltd   were falsely created later on by accused no. 1. For this purpose, the   false   appraisal   notes   Ex.PW9/B     (undated)   and Ex.PW9/A   dated   11.12.1996   were   also   prepared.   The GEQD   report   (Ex.PW27/H)   proves   that   all   these documents are in the handwriting of accused no. 1 K.S. Chadha and bear his signatures too. 

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49. The   Sanctioning   Order   dated   07.08.1996   (Ex.PW10/A) mentions 'FOBLC/FOBP 2.0 crores PC 20 lac' against 'amount   of   advance'.  The   Sanctioning   Order   dated 11.12.1996   (Ex.PW10/B)   mentions   'FOBLC/FOBP   for Rs.2.5 crores...  PC 20 lacs...'. FOBLC stands for Foreign Outward   Bill   under   Letter   of   Credit.   Ex.PW8/D   is   the Sanction of facilities Order dated 20.12.1996 in favour of Karam Tex India vide which Post Shipment Bill Advance of Rs. 65 lacs was sanctioned. The GEQD report proves that this Sanction Order bears the signatures of Accused no. 1 at two places. It has already been discussed above that the accused no. 1, the then Chief Manager had no powers to sanction such limits/facilities in absence of any irrevocable Letter of Credit with ECGC guarantee. 

50. The   serial   number   of   the   Sanctioning   Order   dated 07.08.1996   is   mentioned   as   'MDP   30/96   dated 07.08.1996'.The   serial   number   of   Sanctioning   Order dated 11.12.1996 is 'MDP 137/96­97'. Now I will refer to the   MDP   register   (Manager's   Discretionary   Powers Registers also known as Manager's Special Order Book) for   the   period   from   01.04.1996   to   29.03.2000 (Ex.PW22/A). 

CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 67 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 68

51. For the purpose of Sanctioning Order dated 11.12.1996, the MDP Register (Ex.PW22/A) is relevant. At page 14, there are two entries dated 11.12.1996. The prosecution has   pointed   out   that   MDP   137   was   the   serial   number given to the Sanctioning Order of one M/s C&C Const. P. Ltd. which was later changed to 136 so that the already existent number 'MDP 137' could be used for creating the false Sanctioning Order dated 11.12.1996. The GEQD report   shows   that   the   complete   entry   dated   11.12.1996 with signatures in respect of Carda India Pvt. Ltd. was entered in the register by accused no. 1 himself in his own handwriting.   The   statement   of   loan   sanctioned   under MDP for the month of December, 1996 sent to the Zonal Office is Ex.PW6/L­6. It mentions that the advance was sanctioned to M/s C&C Const. P. Ltd., under the MDP No. 137 dated 11.12.1996. In this statement, there is no entry dated 11.12.1996 regarding the advance to Carda India   Pvt.   Ltd.   This   establishes   the   case   of   the prosecution that not only was the Sanction Order dated 11.12.1996 (Ex.PW10/B) created later using an already existing   MDP   number   but   the   accused   no.   1,   in furtherance   of   the   conspiracy   also   tampered   with   the MDP register (Ex.PW22/A) to add a false entry in respect CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 68 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 69 of Carda India Pvt. Ltd and thus manipulated the record. Further, no information was sent to the Zonal Office as required. It clearly indicates mala fide on part of Accused no. 1 and establishes his active role in the conspiracy to cheat the Bank. 

52. So   far   as   Sanctioning   Order   dated   07.08.1996 (Ex.PW10/A)   is   concerned,   its   serial   number   is mentioned as MDP 30/96 dated 07.08.1996. There is no such entry dated 07.08.1996 bearing No. MDP 30/96 in the   MDP   register.   I   have   also   carefully   perused   the statements of loan sanctioned under MDP from the month of April, 1996 to April 1998 (Ex.PW6/L­1 to Ex.PW6/L­

17). There is no such entry as MDP 30/96 in respect of Carda   India   Pvt.   Ltd.   in   these   statements.   Thus,   the Sanctioning   Order   dated   07.08.1996   also   was   created later   and   zonal   office   had   no   information   of   the   said order.     Similarly,   the   entry   related   to   the   Sanctioning Order (Ex.PW8/D) dated 20.12.1996 in respect of Karam Tex India is conspicuously absent from the MDP register as well as the statements of loan sanctioned under MDP (Ex.PW6/L­1 to Ex.PW6/L­17).

53. Ex.PW9/A is the appraisal note in respect of Sanctioning Order dated 11.12.1996 prepared and signed by accused CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 69 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 70 no. 1. At point B on page 8 of this document, there are certain   signatures   against   'Senior   Manager'.  PW8  Sh. Ranjit   H.   Adwani,   Clerk­cum­Cashier   in   the   Kailash Colony Branch of Punjab & Sind Bank and PW28 Sh. Satish   Kumar  Anand,   the  then  Manager  at  the   Kailash Colony Branch of Punjab & Sind Bank have testified that the   signatures   at   point   B   appeared   to   be   that   of   Sh. Charanjeet   Singh   Bhatia,   the   then   Senior   Manager   of Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash Colony Branch. Contrary to the contention of the accused, such testimony does not constitute a positive proof that these signatures were of Sh. C.S. Bhatia. GEQD could not give any opinion on these signatures. Sh. Charanjit Singh was summoned as PW9. He stated that these signatures were not his and that someone had tried to forge his signatures.  In support of his testimony, he also stated that   he was not posted in that branch at that time and had already been transferred about 10 months before. The accused persons have not challenged   his   testimony   to   this   extent   in   the   cross examination. In fact, in the cross examination, PW9 has deposed that he had been transferred to the Head Office, Punjab & Sind Bank. Thus, the testimony of PW9 that he was   not   posted   in   branch   in   December,   1996   remains CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 70 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 71 unchallenged. Accused no. 1 could not explain that if Sh. C.S. Bhatia was not even posted in the Branch, how did his signatures appear on this Appraisal Note. It proves the case of the prosecution that the signature at point B on the appraisal note (Ex.PW9/A) are forged ones. So far as the signatures of 'Senior Manager' at point B in Ex.PW9/B is concerned,   it   is   not   known   as   to   whose   signatures   are these.

54. Thus, not only the appraisal notes   but the Sanctioning Orders dated 07.08.1996 and 11.12.1996  also are falsely created documents. Accused no. 1 also sanctioned such limits which he did not have the authority to sanction. He also tampered with and manipulated   the record such as the MDP Register.

CONTENTION   OF   ACCUSED   REGARDING   THE STATEMENTS OF LOAN SANCTIONED UNDER MDP

55. Ld.   counsel   for   the   accused   has   argued   that   the prosecution has erroneously relied upon statement of loan sanctioned under MDP for the month of December, 1996 as the same has neither been exhibited nor proved by any bank   official   or   witness.   There   is   no   merit   in   this argument. The statements of loan sanctioned under MDP CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 71 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 72 for the month of April, 1996, August, 1996 to December, 1996   are   Ex.PW6/L1   to   Ex.PW6/L6.   Except   for   the statement for the month of August, 1996 (Ex.PW6/L2), all   the   other   statements   bear   the   original   signatures   of accused K.S. Chadha alongwith the stamp of the bank. Ex.PW6/L6 is the statement for the month of December, 1996  and it   shows  that  it is  the  office  copy and  bears stamp   of   the   bank   and   signature   of   the   accused   in original. The GEQD report Ex.PW27/H has proved the authenticity  of   the  signature of  the  accused  no. 1  K.S. Chadha   on   these   documents.   The   observations   in   the Special   Audit   Report   (Ex.PW6/E)   have   been   discussed separately.

56. The observations in Audit Report Ex.PW6/E, overwriting in the relevant MDP register at Srl. no. 137 pertaining to another   company   by   the   name   of   C&C   Construction Limited   and   the   statement   Ex.PW6/L6   nullify   the argument that not mentioning the sanction in favour of Carda India in the statement Ex.PW6/L6 was merely an error on part of the concerned clerk.  

CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 72 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 73 TITLE DEEDS/COLLATERAL SECURITIES:

57. The appraisal notes and the Sanctioning Orders are dated 07.08.1996 and 11.12.1996. No Collateral Securities as required were taken by the accused no. 1 from accused no. 2,3 and 4 against sanction of loan / limits vide the above said Sanctioning Orders. It was only later in the year 1998 that the Title Deeds were taken on record to somehow cover up the illegal actions by Accused no. 1. Ex.PW12/A and Ex.PW12/B are the relevant entry nos. 68 and 69 in the Title Deeds Register for the period from June, 1994 to December, 2000. These entries show that the Title Deeds pledged in respect of PC Limit of Rs. 10 lacs and FOBP Limit of Rs. 2.50 crores were provided by Carda India Pvt. Ltd on 14.09.1998. 

58. In his written statement U/Sec. 243(1) Cr.P.C, Accused no.   1   has   explained:   "The   property   papers   mortgaged with the Bank were to be kept in Fire proof safe but as Sh. A.S. Sachdeva, custodian of keys of Fire Proof Safe was   on   leave,   the   documents   were   kept   in   Fire   Proof cabinet   alongwith   other   loan   documents   under   the custody of Sh. S.K. Anand, Manager and remained there. They were kept in Fire Proof Safe when it was noticed at time of taking charge of documents by my successor Sh.

CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 73 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 74 Shant after my transfer". There is no evidence in support of   his   explanation.   No   suggestion   in   respect   of   such circumstance has been put to PW12 Sh. A.S. Sachdeva. No   such   suggestion   has   been   put   to   PW28   Sh.   S.K. Anand either. The Title Deed register is a strong piece of evidence   showing   that   the   Title   Deeds   were   in   fact deposited later on 14.09.1998.  

HIGH   DEBIT   BALANCE   IN   THREE   CURRENT ACCOUNTS   AND   MANIPULATIONS   BY   HIGH   VALUE TRANSACTIONS:

59. Ex.PW6/F is the statement of account of Carda India Pvt.

Ltd.,   regarding   current   account   no.   3851.   Vide   entry dated 20.03.1998, an amount of Rs. 73.50 lacs was shown to have been received in this account. On 23.03.1998, this entry   was   reversed.   This   statement   of   account   shows several such high value entries credited into the account which   were   reversed   later.   Similarly,   Ex.PW6/G   is   the statement of account of Carda India Pvt. Ltd in respect of current account no. 3954. On 20.03.1998 an amount of Rs. 35.50 lacs was credited to this account. It was later reversed on 23.03.1998. This statement of account also shows several such high value entries where the amounts received   were   reversed   later.   Similarly,   there   are   high CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 74 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 75 value entries  in the statement of A/c of Karam Tex India which were reversed later.

60. Now   I   will   consider   those   high   value   cheques   whose entries   were   reversed   later.   The   40   cheques   including Ex.PW26/A to Ex.PW26/A3 are the ones credited in the 3 currents A/cs in question which were later reversed on account of return of these cheques unpaid either because of 'payment stopped' or 'Account closed'. Out of these, 24  high value cheques of the value ranging from Rs 14 lakh to Rs 52,00,500/­   were issued by Yogesh Trading and Elekta Tele   from their Times Bank (later  merged into HDFC Bank) Accounts.   Exh PW 24/B is the bank account opening form dt 12/11/1996 in respect of account no.   1010165636001   in   Times   Bank     in   the   name   of Yogesh   Trading   Company,   proprietorship   concern   of Accused Sanjeev Arora. Exh PW24/C is the A/c opening form   dt   18/09/1996   in   respect   of   account   no. 1010160222001   in   the   name   of   Elekta   Telecom   Ltd through   its   Director   Accused   Sanjeev   Arora.   Copy   of resolution   dt   12/09/1996   authorising   'Sanjeev  Arora  or Vikram   Arora'   to   open   the   current   account   of   Elekta Telecom Ltd with  the Times Bank is also annexed. 

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61. The   cheeque   return   memos   Ex.PW1/A   to   Ex.PW1/R show that the above said cheques issued from the Times Bank accounts of Yogesh Trading and Elekta Tele were returned unpaid owing to account being closed. 

62. Thus, when the above mentioned cheques were issued by the above said company and the proprietorship concern of accused no. 2 and 3  in favour of  Carda India and Karam Tex, Accused no. 2 & 3 knew that the cheques would not be honoured. Since 24 high value cheques were issued from   the   accounts   of   their   company/concern   in   Times Bank   and   deposited   in   their   accounts   in   the   name   of Carda India and Karam Tex in the Punjab & Sind Bank, Accused  no. 2  and  3 cannot  feign  ignorance  regarding these cheques. This establishes beyond any doubt that the sole purpose of issuing such high value cheques was to temporarily reduce the consistently high debit balance in the 3 bank accounts in question and avoid detection of overdrawings   permitted   by   Accused   no.   1   in   gross violation of the banking guidelines and rules. 

63. I shall now consider the letter Ex.PW5/15 of PW5 Sh.

A.K. Bhalla and endorsement of  accused no. 1 on this letter to highlight the extra mile travelled by Accused no. 1 to favour the Accused no. 2 and 3 in furtherance of the CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 76 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 77 conspiracy. Ex.PW5/15 is the letter written by PW5 Sh. A.K. Bhalla, Officer in the Punjab & Sind Bank, Kailash Colony Branch to the then Chief Manager­accused no. 1 K.S. Chadha. The body of the letter reads as follows:

'I want to bring under your kind notice that on 20.03.1998   an   entry   amounting   Rs.2.08   crores was made in imprest clg (GL head 471012) as debit transfer and credit of Rs.73,50,000 in CA 3851 Carda India­I and in CA No. 3945 Carda India­II for Rs.35,50,000/­ and Rs.99,00,000/­ in CA 3678 of Malibu estate Pvt. Ltd. These entries are done from terminal which is in your cabin and for these entries as first ID my password is used and IInd by your password for debit entries and for credit entries my password is used. These entries   are   done   without   my   knowledge   and   I have not authorized these entries". 

64. On   this   letter,   accused   no.   1   made   the   following endorsement in his own hand:

"These entries are in my knowledge and stand reversed. There is no financial loss to Bank or anybody. Change your password immediately".
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65. It has been argued on behalf of the accused no. 1 that as per bank procedure, high value clearing was time bound. The   high   value   cheques   received   in   the   morning   were sent in high value clearing to clearing department on the same   day   in   the   morning   and   credit   afforded   in   the respective accounts. In case for any reason, the dealing clearing   official   was   not   present,   it   would   be   the responsibility of the Chief Manager to get this work done through any other official or do the same himself.  It has been argued that on the relevant day i.e. 20.03.1998, Sh. A.K.   Bhalla   had   come   to   the   bank   late.   Therefore,   he provided his password for clearance /authorization. It is further submitted that if the entries were made under the password of Chief Manager and if there was some error in   making   such   entries,   it   could   not   be   rectified. Therefore, first the password of the Junior Officer is used so that if there was any punching error, same could be rectified   by   using   the   password   of   the   Chief   Manager. However, the endorsement of accused no. 1 that has been reproduced above does not support these contentions.  
66. The letter of PW5 reproduced above and the endorsement of   accused   no.   1   thereon   proves   that   accused   no.   1 blatantly   disregarded   the   safeguards   and   established CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 78 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 79 guidelines to carry out such high value transactions single handedly   whereas  it  involved  two  officers   and  for   this purpose he did not even hesitate to use the password of PW5 Sh. A.K. Bhalla unauthorizedly.    
BILLS OF LADING - FAKE Vs GENUINE
67. There are two sets of Bills of Lading on record. The first set comprises of 7 original B/Ls   (Exh PW 7/H to Exh PW   7/N).   The   photocopies   of   these   7   B/Ls   were   also exhibited as Exh PW2/G1 to Exh PW2/G7. The second set   of   B/L   is   the   subject   matter   of   11   FOBP   files maintained by the Kailash Colony branch of Punjab & Sind Bank. Out of these 11 files, B/Ls are available only in 6 files. These 6 discounted bills are Exh PW4/A to Exh PW4/F.  It   is noted  that  the  Bill  of   Lading  bearing no. DEL/DXB/2107   in   respect   of   file   Ex.PW28/D   was erroneously tagged in the office file Ex.PW28/H. Thus, there are 7 B/Ls available out of the 11 FOPB files. The first   set   comprises   of   7   original   B/Ls   seized   from   the residence of Sh Jagdish Arora, father of Accused no. 2 &3.   Case   of   the   accused   is   that   both   the   sets   of   B/Ls pertain to the same transaction. The witnesses, however, have proved the contrary.
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68. PW2 Sh Satish Dutta , Accountant in M/s RNC Freight Movers   proved   the   relevant   entries   Exh   PW2/DW1   to Exh PW2/D8   recorded in his own hand in   the Bill of Lading   Register   pertaining   to   the   year   1997­98   (Exh PW2/B.).   These   entries   pertain   to   forwarding   of   the consignments   of   Carda   India   Pvt   Ltd   for   which   the containers were provided by M/s RNC Freight Movers and   were   shipped   through     Hanjin   Shipping   Company Limited vide the B/Ls Exh PW 7/H to Exh PW 7/N. He , thus , proved that B/Ls Exh PW7/H to Exh PW 7/N  were the  genuine bills. 
69. PW2   also   showed   how   the   B/Ls   that   were   discounted were forged bills. He referred to the discounted B/Ls  Exh PW4/B dt 21/12/1996 & Exh PW 4/C dt 21/12/1996. The container numbers mentioned in these two B/Ls are same as those mentioned in B/Ls Exh PW7/N dt 31/12/1996 and Exh PW 7/K dt 31/12/1996. PW2 deposed that it was not   possible   that   if   a   container   was   sent   to   Dubai   on 21/12/1996, it could return to India (Delhi) on 31/12/1996 and   again   reloaded.     It   negates   the   contention   of   the accused that the original B/Ls recovered from the house of Sh Jagdish Arora pertained to the same shipment as the B/Ls submitted for discounting.
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70. PW2 also referred to the other discounted B/Ls to show how invoice numbers. and container numbers were not mentioned   on   them.   The   container   number   was mentioned only on the B/L Exh PW4/D. PW2 explained that container number was necessary to be mentioned in the B/Ls as this number proved that the consignment had been exported. There was no substantial challenge to the testimony of PW2.
71. The   testimony   of   PW2   regarding   discounted   B/Ls   Exh PW4/A to F being forged ones  was further strengthened by PW 4 Sh Venkatraman Sekar, Manager, Gulf Ocean Shipping   Pvt   Ltd   and   PW   11   Ms   Meenu   Peterson, documentation assistant in Gulf Ocean Shipping Pvt Ltd. The company Gulf Ocean   is sub­agent for North India for   Maltrans Shipping Agency Pvt Ltd and   Spoonbill Maritime     Agencies.   PW   4   and   PW11   deposed   that during 1996­97, PW 4 Sh. V. Sekar was the authorized signatory and the B/Ls Exh PW4/A to F did not bear his signatures. They also stated that any other official of Gulf Ocean too had not signed these B/Ls. They proved the Bill of lading registers for the year 1996­97 of Maltrans Shipping   Agencies   Pvt   Ltd   (Exh   PW4/G)   and   of Spoonbill Maritime Agencies (Exh PW 4/H) maintained CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 81 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 82 by them in respect of the Bills of Lading issued from their office. There is no entry related to B/Ls Exh PW4/A to D in the register Exh PW4/G. Similarly, there was no entry in respect of B/Ls Exh PW 4/E & F in the register Exh PW 4/H. Both the PWs stood steadfast on their stand that the B/Ls Exh PW 4/A to F were not issued by them and were forged. 
72. PW7 Sh CB Chandermohan was the Assistant Manager, Customer Service in Confreight Shipping Agency (CHA) at   Delhi.   He   proved   the   original   B/L   including   Exh PW7/H to Exh PW 7/ N alongwith their annexures. 
73. On   the   other   hand,   the   accused   did   not   summon   any record   either   from   Gulf   Ocean   or   from   any   other subagent,   if   any,   of   Maltrans   Shipping   Agencies   or Spoonbill Maritime or from CHA   to show that the B/L submitted by Accused no. 2,3 & 4 with the Bank   for discounting   were   genuine   ones.   Thus,   prosecution   has proved beyond any doubt that the B/Ls Exh PW 7/H to N were   the   genuine   ones   and   the   ones   submitted   for discounting (Exh PW 4/A to Exh PW4/F)were the forged ones. It goes without saying that no goods were supplied against the fake B/Ls.
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74. The comparison between the genuine B/Ls and the forged ones would show that the details such as Shipping bill no., Container no. and GR no. of the genuine bills were used in the false B/Ls submitted for discounting. Before elucidating the features of the genuine and fake B/Ls by way of charts, it would be apt to also discuss that while processing   the   false   B/Ls,   several   discrepancies   were pointed out while the 11 FOBP files were being handled by PW28 Sh Satish Kumar Anand, Manager at the Bank and   Sh   Jasjit   Singh,   clerk.   Accused   no.   1   disregarded these objections and continued to direct purchasing of the fake   B/Ls.   The   consolidated   list   of   all   the   objections mentioned   on   the   Sanction   memos   for   Post   shipment advance in the FOBP files is as follows:
i. Bill   of   exchange   was   drawn   in   favour   of   the drawee and not the bank.
ii. Goods were consigned directly to the party.  iii. Indemnity   and   debit   vouchers   were   not submitted.
iv. Packing list was not separately drawn. v. ECGC policy/limit on buyer not held/obtained. vi. Bill   of   Lading   did   not   contain   the   requisite 'shipped on board' / 'clean on board' clause.
CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 83 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 84 vii.Status report of the buyer was not received. viii. Insurance cover note was not submitted/held. ix. The   required   ECGC   exporters   policy   not submitted.
x. Copy   of   Bill   of   Lading   not   submitted   with   the bank for scrutiny.
xi. Status report on the buyer M/s Al­Emera, Dubai not received from Habib Bank, Dubai. xii.No due dates of the bills already forwarded was conveyed by the foreign bank i.e. Habib Bank. xiii. Certificate of origin not submitted.  xiv. Discount of one $ per TV Set allowed against amount given in order.
xv. Limit on buyer not held ( to be given by ECGC ).
Exporter Caution listed.
xvi. SB certificate required for shipping. xvii. RBI   Code   differ   in   GR.   New   RBI   Code   not submitted.
xviii. Value   mentioned   on   c/o   requires authentication.
75. I   shall   also   reflect   the   objections   taken   in   specific sanction memos alongwith the endorsements of Accused no. 1 in the charts below apart from other relevant details:
CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 84 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 85 DETAILS OF DISCOUNTED BILLS OF LADING(B/L) Srl FOBP NO. No. & Date of Shipping Carrie GR No. Contain Invoice Objections No issue of B/L Bill No. r mention er No. annexed in on the mentione ed on mention the FOBP sanction d on B/L B/L ed on file memo & B/L Endst.* of A­1 
1. 47/P/36302 DEL/DXB/ 299 10731 dt. IAL AJ­ ­ 29/96 dt. Sanction 7/96 dt. 29.10.199 contain 624780 26.10.1996 memo for Office file 04.11.1996 6 er Ex.PW6/J post Ex.PW6/J (Ex.PW4/A) (Ex.PW3/ lying shipment A) (UK) advance Ltd for (Ex.PW6/ Maltra J) ns Objection Shippi No. v, ix, ng vi, vii, xiv Agenci Endst:B/L es be India purchased;

certain percentage be kept as margin.

2. 47/P/36302 DEL/BXB/ Shipping ­ AJ­ ­ 30/96 dt. Sanction 9/96  00229 dt. bill 624703 07.11.1996 memo for Office file 20.11.1996 (Ex.PW3/ (not post on record. (B/L not part of B) is part exhibited) shipment   the  office file; of the advance details taken office file.  (Ex.PW28 from other /A­1) documents in Objection the office file.) No.  ix, v, CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 85 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 86 Srl FOBP NO. No. & Date of Shipping Carrie GR No. Contain Invoice Objections No issue of B/L Bill No. r mention er No. annexed in on the mentione ed on mention the FOBP sanction d on B/L B/L ed on file memo & B/L Endst.* of A­1  vi, xi Endst: Bill be purchased;

party has applied for ECGC enhanceme nt.

3. 47/P/36303 DEL/DXB/002 Shipping ­ AJ­ 31/96 dt. Sanction 0/96 11 dt. bill 624787 21.11.1996 memo for Office file 25.11.1996 (Ex.PW3/ dated (Ex.PW26/ post on record.  (B/L not part of C) Is part 21.11.19 A­39) shipment the  office file; of the 96   advance details taken office file  (Ex.PW28 from other /A­2) documents in Objection the office file.) no. ix, v, vi, xi Endst: Bill be purchased;

party had applied for ECGC Limit for Rs.5 crores to be submitted by the end of next week;

                                                                               Foreign
                                                                               Bank be



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Srl FOBP NO. No. & Date of Shipping Carrie GR No. Contain Invoice Objections No issue of B/L Bill No. r mention er No. annexed in on the mentione ed on mention the FOBP sanction d on B/L B/L ed on file memo & B/L Endst.* of A­1  again reminded about the status report;

15% margin be kept in FDR.

4. 47/P/36303 DEL/DXB/002 11675 dt. Pengui AJ­ 32/96 dt. Sanction 3/96  199 dt. 27.11.199 n 624797 27.11.1996 memo for Office file 30.11.1996 6 Shippi (Ex.PW26/ post on record. (Ex.PW4/E) (Ex.PW3/ ng A­46) shipment D) Agenci advance es (for (Ex.PW28 Spoonb /A­3) ill Objection Maritin no.  v, vii, e ix, x Agenci Endst:

                                     es (P)                           Party had
                                      Ltd.                           applied for
                                                                        ECGC
                                                                     enhanceme
                                                                        nt; B/L
                                                                       received
                                                                     might have
                                                                      been sent
                                                                       to Bank
                                                                          with
                                                                      collection
                                                                      schedule;
                                                                      party had
                                                                     been asked
                                                                     to provide

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Srl FOBP NO. No. & Date of Shipping Carrie GR No. Contain Invoice Objections No issue of B/L Bill No. r mention er No. annexed in on the mentione ed on mention the FOBP sanction d on B/L B/L ed on file memo & B/L Endst.* of A­1  copy of B/L which was not on the record;

Bill be purchased.

5. 47/P/36303 DEL/DXB/002 Shipping ­ AJ­ 33/96 dt. Sanction 4/96 200 bill 624798 27.11.1996 memo for Office file (B/L not part of (Ex.PW3/ dt. (Ex.PW26/ post on record. the  office file; E)  is part 27.11.19 A­50) shipment details taken of the 96 advance from other office file.  (Ex.PW28 documents in /A­5) the office file.) Objection no.  v, vi, vii, viii Endst:

Since realization of Rs.8 lacs had come on that day, FOBP of Rs. 8 lacs be allowed.

6. 47/P/36303 DEL/DXB/210 12327 dt. IAL AJ­ HJ CU­ 38/96 dt. No 7/96 2  dt. 16.12.199 contain 624670 7120588 13.12.1996 sanction Office file 21.12.1996 6 er Line ­40 (not memo or is Ex.PW4/B EX.PW3/ (UK) exhibited objection Ex.PW28/ F. Ltd for separately) in the B Maltra office file.

                                       ns
                                    Shippi


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Srl FOBP NO. No. & Date of Shipping Carrie GR No. Contain Invoice Objections No issue of B/L Bill No. r mention er No. annexed in on the mentione ed on mention the FOBP sanction d on B/L B/L ed on file memo & B/L Endst.* of A­1  ng Agenci es

7. 47/P/36300 DEL/DXB/210 12328 dt. IAL AJ­ KSCU­ 37/96 dt. No 1/97 1 dt. 16.12.199 contain 624671 4154440 13.12.1996 sanction Office file 21.12.1996 6 er Line ­40 Ex.PW26/ memo or is Ex.PW4/C Ex.PW3/ (UK) A66 objection Ex.PW28/ G Ltd for in the C Maltra office file.

ns Shippi ng Agenci es

8.* 47/P/36300 DEL/DXB/210 Shipping ­ AJ­ ­ 35/96 dt. No * 2/97 7 dt. Bill is 624701 12.12.1996 sanction Office file 09.01.1997 annexed in Ex.PW26/ memo or is (B/L not part of FOBP file A­72 objection Ex.PW28/ the  office file; as  in the D details taken Ex.PW3/ office file.

                     from other            H
                    documents in
                   the office file.)
9. 47/P/36300     DEL/DXB/300           Shipping      ­        AJ­    ­    45 dated Sanction
      7/97               2 dt.           bill is             624637       27.01.1997 memo for
   Office file       03.02.1997        annexed in                         Ex.PW26/       post
        is        (B/L not part of     FOBP file                             A­76     shipment
   Ex.PW28/        the  office file;      as                                           advance
        F           details taken      Ex.PW3/I                                      (Ex.PW28
                     from other                                                          /E)
                    documents in                                                      Objection
                   the office file.)                                                  no.  v, xv,
                                                                                       vi, viii,
                                                                                       xiii, xi 


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Srl FOBP NO. No. & Date of Shipping Carrie GR No. Contain Invoice Objections No issue of B/L Bill No. r mention er No. annexed in on the mentione ed on mention the FOBP sanction d on B/L B/L ed on file memo & B/L Endst.* of A­1  Endst:

Purchase the bill.
10 47/P/36302 MUM/DUB/97 10008959 Babaji AP­ BLJU­ 9/97­98 dt. Sanction
(i) 1/97 2323 dt. 32 dt. Shippi 322867 292347­ 13.08.1997 memo for Office file 26.08.1997 14.08.199 ng dt. 4 Not post is (Ex.PW4/D) 7 (in (UK) 13.08.19 separately shipment Ex.PW28/ (the rear side respect of Ltd.  97 exhibited. advance H with stamp of Wall For (Ex.PW28 Carda is Clocks) NLS /G) Ex.PW26/A­ Agenc Objection
85) y no.  xvi, (India) xvii, xviii, Pvt. iv, ii, i, iii  Ltd. It was also noted 'overdue and all bills are crystallized '.

Endst:

Document be purchased;
party to rectify defect;
ECGC be asked about approval;
                                                                               payment of
                                                                                 overdue



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Srl FOBP NO. No. & Date of Shipping Carrie GR No. Contain Invoice Objections No issue of B/L Bill No. r mention er No. annexed in on the mentione ed on mention the FOBP sanction d on B/L B/L ed on file memo & B/L Endst.* of A­1  bills has started.
ii) ­do­ DEL/DXB­ 12275 dt. IAL AJ­ ­ ­ ­ 2107 dt. 13.02.199 contain 624701

09.01.1997 (in 6 er Line respect of (UK) Color TV Sets) Ltd for (the Maltra endorsement of ns Ex.PW4/D has Shippi been ng erroneously Agenci made on this es document) 11 47/P/36303 DXB/2001 dt. 12374, Middle AJ­ ­ 14 dt. No 5/96 17.12.1996 12376 dt. East X­ 624668 12.12.1996 sanction Office file Ex.PW4/F. 16.12.199 Press & AJ­ Ex.PW26/ memo or Ex.PW28/ 6  Lines 624667 A­91 &  objection J (Karam Ex.PW26/ Inc. 15 dated  in the Tex India) A­88 and  For 12.12.1996 office file.

                          Ex.PW26/                Spoonb                    Ex.PW26/
                             A­87                    ill                      A­90.
                                                   Mariti
                                                    me


       *           Endst.   refers   to   the   endorsement   of   accused   no.1   K.S.

Chadha   on   the   objections   recorded   on   the   sanction memos.

**  The B/L referred to at Srl no.8 ( Exh PW 28/D) has been found in the Office file of FOBP 47/P/363021/97( Exh PW 28/H).Perusal of CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 91 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 92 office files Exh PW28/D & Exh PW28/H shows that the B/L has been inadvertently placed in file office file Exh PW28/H whereas it is  the subject matter of office file Exh PW/28/D. The details at srl no.10(ii) ,therefore, will be read as part of srl no.8.

ORIGINAL/GENUINE BILL OF LADINGS RECOVERED FROM THE RESIDENCE OF SH. JAGDISH ARORA, FATHER OF ACCUSED NO. 2 AND 3.

Sl. B/L No. & Carrier             SB No.     GR      Containe Remarks
N date of issue                              No.     r no.
O
1. Ex.PW7/H          Hanjin     12275 dt. AJ  TRLU              SB & GR no.
   HJSCDELI          Shipping 13.12.199 62470 457425-7          used in FOBP
   10153003          Company 6            1                     47/P/363002/ 97
   dt.19.01.199      Ltd. (for                                  Exh PW28/D
   7                 Confreigh
                     t Shipping
                     Agencies
2. Ex.PW7/I              -do-     111513 dt. AJ   KSCU     GR no. used in
   HJSCDELI                       21.11.199 62478 412430-1 FOBP
   10138006                       6          7             47/P/363030/ 96
   dt.
   05.12.1996
3. Ex.PW7/J              -do-     11675 dt. AJ-   HJCU     SB & GR no.
   HJSCDELI                       27.11.199 62479 717186-2 used in FOBP
   10143601                       6         7              47/P/363033/ 96
   dt.
   10.12.1996
4. Ex.PW7/K              -do-     12328 dt. AJ-   KSCU     SB,GR,Containe
   HJSCDELI                       16.12.199 62467 415444-0 r no. used in
   10148404                       6         1              FOBP
   dt.                                                     47/P/363001/97
   31.12.1996                                              Exh PW28/C
5.                       -do-     10731 dt. AJ-   HJCU
     Ex.PW7/L                     29.10.199 62478 721277-1 SB & GR no.
     HJSCDELI                     6         0              used in FOBP
     10126205                                              47/P/363027/96


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Sl. B/L No. & Carrier             SB No.    GR      Containe Remarks
N date of issue                             No.     r no.
O
     dt.                                                     Exh PW6/J
     24.11.1996
6. Ex.PW7/M              -do-     11121 dt. AJ-   HJCU     GR no. used in
   HJSCDELI                       08.11.199 62470 713411-2 FOBP no.
   10137604                       6         3              47/P/363029/96
   dt.
   28.11.1996
7. Ex.PW7/N              -do-     12327 dt. AJ-   HJCU     SB,GR,Containe
   HJSCDELI                       16.12.199 62467 712058-8 r no. used in
   10147706 dt.                   6         0              FOBP
   31.12.1996                                              47/P/363037/96
                                                           Exh PW28/B


76. It has been discussed above how prosecution has proved that   the   details   of   the   genuine   B/Ls   by   which consignments were dispatched to Al Emara, Dubai were used to create false B/Ls for the purpose of discounting. 

CONTENTION   OF   ACCUSED   REGARDING GENUINENESS OF THE B/Ls

77. The   defense   of   the   accused   is   that   part   payments   in respect   of   B/Ls   bearing   numbers   (i)   DEL/DXB/299   dt 04/11/1996   (Exh   PW4/A),   (ii)   DEL/BXB/00229   dt. 20/11/1996, (iii) DXB/2001 dt 17/12/1996 were received which show that these were genuine B/Ls. Reference has been   made   to   the   register   Ex.PW28/K   in   which CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 93 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 94 particulars   of   crystallization   of   the   B/Ls   have   been recorded.

78. At   page   58   of   Ex.PW28/K,   entries   regarding   FOBP 47/C/363027/96 in respect of M/s Carda are mentioned. The entry is dated 13.11.1996. Amongst the particulars of shipping   document,   B/L   No.   DEL/DXB/299   dated 04.11.1996 is mentioned. In the column of 'Amount of the Bill in Foreign Currency' is mentioned as USD 70675. Thereafter,   amounts   of   USD   2990,   USD   9990   (on 15.09.1997) and USD 10990 (on 18.02.1998) have been shown as deducted. Certain deductions against the dates 18.09.1997, 15.09.1997, 17.02.1998 and 30.03.1998 have also   been   shown   under   the   column   'Rupee   equivalent'. There is also an endorsement 'Amt. sent to HOPEX as bill USD 70675 crystallized at 35.99 i.e. Rate Diff .11 i.e. Rs.7774­00'.  The name and address of the drawee is Al Emera Electronics Est., PO Box 29516, Karama, Dubai.

79. At page 60 of this register, the entry is dated 28.11.1996.

This is in respect of FOBP 47/P/360029/96 of M/s Carda India Limited. It is noted that there is an overwriting in the  FOBP   number.  The  FOBP  number   47/P/363029/96 was   changed   to   47/P/360029/96.   FOBP   No. 47/P/360029/96 is not related to the present controversy.

CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 94 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 95 Be that as it may, this entry also provides that exporters code   no.   is   DC   003532   and   IEC   no.   is   0595077067. These details are provided at page no. 58 as well. The B/L no. is DEL/DXB/0029 dated 20/11. It mentions that the amount of bill in Foreign Currency was USD 70675. An amount of USD 9990/­ was deducted on 15/09. The bill was crystallized on 08.05.1997 at the exchanged rate of Rs.36.04 per US Dollar. The name and address of the drawee   is   Al   Emera   Electronics   Est.,   PO   Box   29516, Karama, Dubai.

80. At   page   67   of   this   register,   entry   dated   20.12.1996 pertains to FOBP 47/P/363035/96. This is in respect of M/s   Karam   Tex   India.   The   name   and   address   of   the drawee   is   Gulf   Waves   Trading   Est.   The   B/L   No.   is mentioned as DXB/DXB/2001. The amount of the bill in Foreign Currency is mentioned as USD 176000. It shows a   deduction   of   USD   7986   on   29.05.1997.   A   further deduction of USD 9986 has been shown. The bill was crystallized on 04.06.1997 at the exchanged rate of 35.98.

81. It   is   noteworthy   that   vide   two   of   the   abovesaid   B/Ls, goods are shown to have been dispatched to Al Emera Electronics   Est.   P.O   Box   29516,   Karama,   Dubai.   This address   is   important   to   understand   the   connection CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 95 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 96 between   accused   Vikram   Arora   and   Al   Emara Electronics.   For   this   I   would   refer   to   Memorandum   of Association   of   Al   Emara   Electronics   Company   (LLC), Dubai. 

82. Mark PW 29/X­1 is Memorandum of Association of Al Emara   Electronics   Company   (Limited   Liability Company). This copy has been attested by Government of   Dubai,   Courts   Department,   Notary   Public   on 10.12.1997.  It shows that vide an agreement entered into between the parties sometime in 1997, accused Vikram Arora   became   a   partner   in   the   Company   with   49%   of shares.   The   Memorandum   explains   that   the   term   'the partners' shall mean the parties to this Memorandum and any person or legal entity which became the holder of a share in the capital of the Company in accordance with the   term   of   the   Memorandum.   This   document   has   not been disputed. The only contention of the accused is that the drawee Al Emara Electronics Est. is different from Al Emara (LLC) and there is no connection between accused Vikram Arora and the drawee Al Emara Electronics Est. The   perusal   of   the   Memorandum   of   Association   of   Al Emara   (LLC)   shows   the  residential   address   of   accused Vikram   Arora   as  Mathar­al­Tayar   Bldg.   Flat   no.   307, CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 96 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 97 Karama, P.O. Box   29516, Dubai, UAE.  The address of the drawee  Al Emara Electronics  Est. is also  P.O  Box 29516, Karama, Dubai. Thus, there is a clear connection between the drawee company Al Emara Electronics Est. Dubai   and   Accused   Vikram   Arora   which   can   not   be ignored.

83. The   register   pertaining   to   crystallization   of   the   B/Ls shows   certain   part   payments   having   been   received   in respect of 3 B/Ls. These part payments are not substantial in view of the bill amounts. The register Exh PW 28/K does not specify from where were these part payments received   or   who   made   these   payments.   In   this   regard, testimony of PW16 Sh Ramesh Kumar Sareen, the then Zonal Manager, is vital. He explained during his cross examination that  in  discounting bills part payments are not   received   and   either   the   full   amount   of   the   bill   is received or the full amount of bill remains unpaid.  This statement   has   not   been   disputed   or   rebutted   by   the accused. Such part payments, therefore, do not exonerate the   charge  that   the   11  B/Ls   were  fake,   specifically,   in view of the connection between Accused Vikram Arora and Al Emara.

84. The accused have relied upon a letter of Emirates Bank CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 97 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 98 dated   24/12/1996   in   respect   of   B/L   dated   DXB/2001. This   letter   is   merely   an   acknowledgment   of   receipt   of collection   documents   from   Punjab   &   Sind   Bank.   The FOBP file bearing no. 47/P/363035/96 in respect of B/L bearing   no.   DXB/2001   dated   17.12.1996   (Ex.PW4/F) contains a telex message dated 21.02.2000 from Emirates Bank to Punjab & Sind Bank. In this telex message, the Emirates   Bank   has   quoted   its   letter   dated   15.09.1997 addressed to Kailash Colony Branch vide which it had informed as follows:

'Please   be   advised   that   the   subject   documents remained   unaccepted/unpaid   by   drawees   despite our   periodical   reminders,   who   infact   had instructed us vide their letter dated 07.04.1997 to return   the   same   to   you   (enclosed   copy   of   their letter).'  The Emirates Bank also informed that it had requested for disposal instructions from Punjab & Sind Bank but did not obtain any response until 27.04.1997 upon receiving which   the   Emirates   Bank   returned   the   full   set   of documents to Punjab & Sind Bank on 30.04.1997. This document  demolishes  the  case  of  the accused that part payments   were   received   through   the   Emirates   Bank   in CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 98 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 99 respect   of   the   Bill   of   Lading   DXB/2001   and   that, therefore, this Bill of Lading was a genuine one. 

85. The   other   document   relied   upon   by   accused   is   a   letter dated Sept 28, 1997. It pertains to Bill no. P/363201/97 which is not one of the 11 Bills of Lading in question.

INSPECTION REPORT DATED 23.03.1998.

86. EX.PW6/D, an annexure of the Inspection Report dated 23.03.1998, has two kinds of lists. The relevant list is the list  of  Current Accounts with Negative Balances as on 20.03.1998  in  the  Kailash  Colony  branch  of   Punjab  & Sind Bank. The relevant entries are as follows:

Lgr A/c A/c OD limit DP Limit Ledger Irregular Nature No. No. holder balance amount of name security 20 3851 Carda 50,00,000/- 50,00,000/- -50,89,519.58 89,519.58 BNK.
         India                                                                   DEP
         Ltd                                                                     OTHER
 20 3910 Karam                0.00         0.00 -29,89,436.50 29,89,436.50 CLEAN
         (Tex)                                                             OD
         India
 20 3954 Carda                0.00         0.00       -13,864.05 13,864.05       CLEAN
         India                                                                   OD
         Ltd
         (Clock
         Divi.)



87. The above said document is part of the inspection report dated   23.03.1998   conducted   by   Sh.   Surender   Singh CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 99 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 100 Chamak (PW6), Vigilance Officer posted at the Vigilance Department of the Head Office of Punjab & Sind Bank.

He explained in his testimony that he had submitted his report   on   23.03.1998   at   15:20   hrs.   on   the   basis   of   the documents / statements taken from the Kailash Colony branch of the Bank.  

88. In view of the inspection report Ex.PW6/C, I shall now consider the statements of account of Carda India, Carda India   (Clock   Divi.)   and   Karam   Tex.   The   statement   of account no. 3851 of Carda India Limited is Ex.PW6/F. It shows that on 20.03.1998, the amount of Rs. 73,50,000/­ was credited in the account no. 3891. As a result of this credit, the debit balance of this account as on 20.03.1998 was reduced to Rs. 50,89,519.58 from the debit balance of Rs. 1.24 crores as on 02.03.1998. This credit entry of Rs. 73,50,000/­ was reversed on 23.03.1998. At the time of   inspection   by   the   Vigilance   Officer   (PW6),   he   was provided with the data of the outstanding / debit amount as on 20.03.1998. The manner in which the entry of Rs. 73,50,000/­ was credited to this account by accused no. 1 has already been discussed above. 

89. I   shall   now  consider   statement  of   account  no.   3954  of Carda   India   Ltd   (Clock   Divi)   (Ex.PW6/G).   The CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 100 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 101 outstanding debit balance as on 18.03.1998 in this current account   was   Rs.35,61,614.05.   An   amount   of Rs.35,50,000/­   was   credited   on   20.03.1998   in   this account   reducing   the   outstanding   balance   to Rs.11,614.05.   This   entry   was   later   reversed   on 23.03.1998. The manner in which the above said credit entry of Rs.35,50,000/­ was made into this account has already been discussed above. 

90. The sequence of events makes it clear that the credit of high  value  cheques  in  the  above   said  two  accounts  on 20.03.1998 was done in order to temporarily reduce the high debit balance being maintained in these accounts and to   avoid   detection   of   unauthorized   and   excessive overdrawings   from   the   above   mentioned   accounts, specially, during the inspection conducted on 23.03.1998.

91. The   accused   have   also   relied   upon   the   report   of   the Vigilance   Officer   Ex.PW6/C   alongwith   the   annexures Ex.PW6/C1 to Ex.PW6/C5 and Ex.PW6/D to support the contention of accused no. 1 that there was a sanction of OD Limit of Rs. 50,00,000/­. The perusal of the report and its annexures shows that OD Limit of Rs. 50,00,000/­ has been mentioned only against account no. 3851. PW6 has stated in his testimony that the security for limit of CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 101 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 102 Rs.50,00,000/­ was bank deposit. The OD Limit has been mentioned as 0.00 in respect of accounts no. 3910 and 3954.   It   is   noted   that   during   cross   examination,   PW5 stated that the Chief Manager had the discretionary power for sanction of overdraft of Rs. 5 lacs. In every way, the accused   no.   1   exceeded   his   discretionary   powers   to permit overdrawing from the three accounts in question. 

SPECIAL AUDIT REPORT DATED APRIL 19, 1999

92. I   shall   now   refer   to   the   Special   Audit   Report   of   the Kailash   Colony   Branch   of   Punjab   &   Sind   Bank   dated April   19,   1999   (Ex.PW6/E).     During   the   course   of recording of evidence of PW6, an objection was raised by ld. Counsel for the accused that there was no certificate of Bankers' Book of Evidence Act in support of this Audit Report. The objection, however, was not allowed by the Court while observing that the witness had confirmed the authenticity   of   this   Special   Audit   Report   after   going through   the   contents   enumerated   therein.   This   Audit Report   pertains   to   advanced   portfolio   in   respect   of various companies starting from 05.04.1999.

93. Regarding   Karam   Tex   India,   proprietorship   concern   of accused Sanjeev Arora, it has been mentioned that it was CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 102 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 103 a sister concern of M/s Carda India Ltd where Sanjeev Arora was one of the Directors. It has been observed that this   party   was   sanctioned   post   shipment   advance   of Rs.65,00,000/­   with   25%   margin   as   FDR   and   without guarantor. This sanctioned limit under MDP was beyond powers delegated vide ID Cir.No. 1434 dated 28.10.1994. It   was   also   observed   that   this   sanction   was   neither recorded in the MDP register nor was reported to Zonal Office. It was also observed that no action confirmation from the competent authority was on record. There was no primary / secondary/collateral security in the sanction. No regular appraisal was done. The party had been on SAL of ECGC since 15.11.1996 and necessary approval was not taken from ECGC. It was also observed that not only security documents in the account were incomplete but the bankers' opinion/NOC had not been taken from the previous banker i.e. Vysya Bank Limited, New Delhi.

94. Regarding M/s Carda India Limited, it was observed that two   current   accounts   no.   3851   and   3954   were   opened with the branch. Pre­shipment credit of  Rs.20 lacs and post­shipment   credit   of   Rs.   200   lacs   with   collateral   as mortgage of property No. A­82, Sector­4, NOIDA valued at   Rs.57   lacs   was   sanctioned   vide   MDP   sanction   no.

CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 103 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 104 30/96 dated 07.08.1996 the entry of which was neither made in MDP register nor copy of the MDP statement for the month of December, 1996 was on the record of the branch. Further, the appraisal note on Form No. 241(R) was   undated   and   incomplete   in   many   respects.   These limits   were   further   enhanced   vide   MDP   sanction   no. 137/96­97 dated 11.12.1996 to pre­shipment credit of Rs. 20   lacs   and   post­shipment   of   credit   of   Rs.   250   lacs without   mention   of   any   second   property   in   the enhancement.   The   previous   banker's   opinion,   its   NOC and permission from ECGC were not on record. All the transactions in these three accounts have been discussed in   this   Special   Audit   Report.   These   discrepancies   can neither be termed as negligence nor errors of judgment nor a part of liberal approach. 

WITHDRAWAL   OF   MONEY   FROM   THE   THREE ACCOUNTS BY ACCUSED NO. 2 AND 3:

95. The money was released on account of discounting of bills in the two current accounts of Carda India and one current account of Karam Tex India. While these three current accounts were being overdrawn by accused no. 2 and 3, the amount released on account of discounting of bills was also withdrawn by them. Ex.AD/D-4 to CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 104 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 105 Ex.AD/D-214 are the admitted cheques. These cheques were admitted during the admission/denial of documents.

Accused Sanjeev Arora withdrew the above mentioned amounts from the three accounts vide his cheques Ex.AD/D-4 to Ex.AD/D-200 issued in favour of either himself or a third party. Accused Vikram Arora withdrew the amount vide his cheques Ex.AD/D-201 to Ex.AD/D-

214. All these cheques were processed by accused no. 1 K.S. Chadha.

96. The statements of account of all the three current accounts also show that large amounts were withdrawn in cash from 19.02.1996 to 25.02.1997. Apart from that, the statement of accounts also indicate that amounts ranging from Rs. 2 lacs to Rs. 10 lacs were transferred on atleast six occasions on 11.09.1996, 18.09.1996, 18.10.1996, 07.11.1996, 15.11.1996 and 11.12.1996 from the current account no. 3851 of Carda India to the current account No. 3910 of Karam Tex India. Such transfer of amount from one account to another was clearly an attempt to camouflage the cash drawing from the bank in connivance with accused K.S. Chadha.

SANCTION U/SEC. 19 OF THE PC ACT :

97. It   is   not   disputed   that   Sh.   N.S.Gujral   who   held   the CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 105 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 106 position of Chairman and Managing Director, Punjab & Sind Bank, Head Office at New Delhi on 12.11.2002 was the competent authority to grant the sanction U/Sec. 19 of the PC Act in respect of the public servant accused K.S. Chadha.   At   the   relevant   time,   he   had   the   powers   to remove accused no.1 from his  services.  He proved the sanction   order   dated   12.11.2002   as   Ex.PW21/A.   After narrating   the   allegations   against   accused   no.1     public servant,   Sh.   N.S.   Gujral   noted   that   after   fully   and carefully examining the material before him including the statement   of   witnesses   recorded   U/Sec.   161   Cr.P.C during the investigation of the case, he considered that public   servant   Kuldeep   Singh   Chadha   should   be prosecuted in a Court of law of competent jurisdiction for the offences U/Sec. 120­B r/w Section 420467468471 IPC and section 13(2) r/w section 13(1)(d) of the PC Act, 1988   and   substantive   offences   thereunder.     He accordingly   accorded   sanction   U/Sec.   19(1)(c)   of   the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988
98. During   his   cross   examination,   he   explained   that   the sanction order was prepared in the office of CMD under the supervision of himself and thereafter he had signed the same. In the proceedings, he was assisted by Sh. P.S. CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 106 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 107 Sodhi, the Manager of CMD office of the Bank. From his cross examination, it appears that he was assisted by 3­4 persons   in   the   proceedings.   He   has   also   admitted   the suggestion of accused no. 1 during cross examination that a case had already been registered against him by the CBI and   other   bank   officials   and   a   company   before   the sanction order  Ex.PW21/A was signed by him. On the date of his cross examination i.e. 06.01.2012, he was not able to recall whether or not he had gone through the FIR of the present case, who the complainant was and whether or not he had signed the chargesheet filed in the present case. 
99. Accused no. 1 summoned the file pertaining to grant of sanction. This file was produced by DW2 Sh. Inderjeet Singh Sethi, AGM, Head Office, Vigilance Department of Punjab & Sind Bank. He testified that as per the record contained   in   the   file,   a   letter   was   received   from   CBI alongwith confidential SP Report and other material with request  to grant sanction for prosecution against public servant   K.S.   Chadha.   He   stated   that   the   file   did   not contain   any   other   office   note.   The   file   contained   the sanction   order   dated   12.11.2002   granted   by   Sh.   N.S. Gujral.   He   further   testified   that   as   per   the   record,   the CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 107 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 108 sanction order was sent to CBI with a forwarding letter and an information was also sent to Ministry of Finance.

He stated that there was no document in the file to show that   any   opportunity   of   hearing   was   given   by   the sanctioning authority to the public servant before or after consideration   of   the   request   of   CBI.   A   draft   sanction order was also available on the office file. The copy of this draft order was taken on record as Ex.DW2/A. The summoned witness clarified that in the forwarding letter of CBI, nothing was mentioned about the draft sanctioned order.   He   also   stated   that   in   the   office   file,   no   other material   sent   by   CBI   except   SP   report   was   available. However,   calendar   of   evidence   containing   the   list   of witnesses and documents and one statement of accused K.S. Chadha was available. 

100. The above said testimony of DW2 shows that CBI had placed such material / documents before the competent authority Sh. N.S. Gujral on the basis of which he could make up his mind regarding according of sanction U/Sec. 19(1)(c)   of   the   PC   Act,   1988.   The   order   of   grant   of sanction   U/Sec.   19   of   the   PC   Act   is   an   administrative order and a prima facie satisfaction that a case under the PC Act made out against the public servant is required. It CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 108 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 109 does not require any inquiry to be conducted or granting any   opportunity   to   the   concerned   public   servant   to explain his defence.  There is nothing to suggest that the competent   authority   did   not   apply   its   mind   before granting the sanction to prosecute. 

101. Ld.   counsel   for   the   accused   has   relied   upon  judgment dated May 28, 2013 of Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in   Crl.Appeal   No.   2345   of   2009   titled   as   'State   of Maharashtra through CBI vs. Mahesh G. Jain' to bring home the point that it is for the prosecution to adduce the evidence   that   the   material   was   placed   before   the sanctioning authority and his satisfaction was arrived at upon   perusal   of   the  material   placed   before  him.   It   has been discussed above that not only has PW21 Sh. N.S. Gujral mentioned in his sanction order the specific details of the allegations against the public servant but that he had also gone through the material placed before him by the CBI. The record produced by the summoned witness DW2 also proves that material was placed before PW21 in support of the request of CBI for grant of sanction. Thus, there is no doubt that the competent authority in the present case had satisfied itself that case for sanction was made   out.   In   the   above   said   judgment   of   Hon'ble CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 109 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 110 Supreme Court of India, it has been observed :

'The reasons ascribed by the ld. Trial Judge appear as   if   he   is   sitting   in   appeal   over   the   order   of sanction.   True   it   is,   grant   of   sanction   is   a sacrosanct   and   sacred   act   and   is   intended   to provide a safeguard to the public servant against vexatious litigation but simultaneously when there is an order of sanction by the competent authority indicating application of mind, the same should not be   lightly   dealt   with.   The   flimsy   technicalities cannot be allowed to be tools in the hands of an accused. In the obtaining factual matrix, we must say without any iota of hesitation that the approach of the learned trial Judge as well as that of learned single   Judge   is   wholly   incorrect   and   does   not deserve acceptance'. 

102. Accused no. 1 has also relied upon the  judgment dated November 22, 2013 of Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in Crl.Appeal  no. 1838 of 2013 titled as 'CBI vs. Ashok Kumar Aggarwal'. The perusal of this judgment shows that in this case, the covering letter of the draft sanctioned dated 24.05.2007 did not make it clear as to what had been   sent   to   the   sanctioning   authority.   In   the   covering CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 110 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 111 letter, it was mentioned that further list of witnesses and list of documents would be provided, if necessary. It was in   these   circumstances   that   Hon'ble   Supreme   of   India observed that even on the date when the draft sanction was sent, the investigation was not complete. Further, the relevant   material   was   not   sent   to   the   Vigilance Department   of   CBDT   by   CBI   despite   request.   In   the present  case under  consideration, however, the facts of the above said case law do not apply. 

103. Reliance has also been placed by accused no. 1 on  S.N. Bose vs. State of Bihar, 1968 AIR 1292  wherein it was observed that the rules did not establish that PW1 was competent to grant the sanction in question. This case law is   not   applicable   to   the   present   case   as   there   is   no challenge to PW21 Sh. N.S. Gujral, the then Chairman and Managing Director of Punjab & Sind Bank being the competent authority in respect of grant of sanction U/Sec. 19 of the PC Act.  

104. Ld. counsel for the accused has also relied upon State vs. V.   Devarajan,   judgment   dated   27.04.2007   of   Hon'ble High Court of Judicature at Madras in Crl. Appeal no. 288 of 2001 and Diwan Chand vs. State, 1982 Cri.LJ 720   of   Hon'ble   Allahabad   High   Court.  Both   these CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 111 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 112 judgments are not applicable to the facts of the present case. In  Devarajan's case, the competent authority had stated   in   his   cross   examination   that   he   had   accorded sanction on the basis of the report of the legal advisor but the said report was not available. In Diwan Chand's case, the draft was prepared by CBI and the General Manager had   merely   signed   it   even   though   it   contained   a completely  irrelevant  matter   at  the  end  of  the   sanction order.

105. Coming   back   to   the   case   law  State   of   Maharashtra through CBI vs. Mahesh G. Jain, (2014) ICS (Cri) 515, Hon'ble Supreme Court of India discussed various case laws   and   culled   out   following   principles   in   respect   of grant of sanction:

"13.   From   the   aforesaid   authorities   the   following principles can be culled out:­
a) It   is   incumbent   on   the   prosecution   to   prove that   the  valid   sanction   has   been   granted   by the sanctioning authority after being satisfied that a case for sanction has been made out.
b) The sanction order may expressly show that the   sanctioning   authority   has   perused   the material   placed   before   him   and,   after CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 112 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 113 consideration   of   the   circumstances,   has granted sanction for prosecution.
c) The prosecution may prove by adducing the evidence that the material was placed before the sanctioning authority and his satisfaction was arrived at upon perusal of the material placed before him.
d) Grant   of   sanction   is   only   an   administrative function   and   the   sanctioning   authority   is required to prima facie reach the satisfaction that   relevant   facts   would   constitute   the offence.
e) The   adequacy   of  material   placed   before   the sanctioning authority cannot be gone into by the court as it does not sit in appeal over the sanction order.
f) If   the   sanctioning   authority   has   perused   all the materials placed before him and some of them   have   not   been   proved   that   would   not vitiate the order of sanction.
g) The order of sanction is a pre­requisite as it is intended   to   provide   a   safeguard   to   public servant   against   frivolous   and   vexatious CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 113 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 114 litigants,   but   simultaneously   an   order   of sanction should not be construed in a pedantic manner   and   there   should   not   be   a   hyper­ technical approach to test its validity".

106. In   the   light   of   above   discussion   and   in   view   of   the principles laid down by Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in Mahesh G Jain's case, it is established that the sanction order (Ex.PW21/A) is valid sanction as envisaged U/Sec. 19 of the PC Act. 

ISSUE OF SEPARATE SANCTION UNDER SECTION 197 CR.P.C  

107. Ld. counsel for the accused has argued that even though the sanction U/Sec. 19 of the P.C Act was on record, the sanction   U/Sec.   197   Cr.P.C   in   respect   of   the   offences under the Indian Penal Code was also required. Reliance has been placed upon N.K. Ganguly vs. CBI, New Delhi, (2016) 2 SCC 143. 

108. However ,  it has been held in  'K.Ch. Prasad vs Smt J.

Vanalatha Devi & Ors' , 1987 AIR 722 , (1987) 2 SCC 52 by Hon'ble Supreme Court of India : " It is very clear from this provision that this Section ( section 197 CRPC ) is attracted only in cases where the public servant is such who is not removable from his office save by or with the CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 114 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 115 sanction of the Government. It is not disputed that the appellant is not holding a post where he could not be removed from service except by or with the sanction of the Government. In this view of the matter even if it is held that the appellant is a public servant still provisions of section 197 are not attracted at all."

109. In   the   abovementioned    K.   Ch.   Prasad's   case  ,   the appellant­accused   was   a   bank   officer   and     it   was contended   by   ld   counsel   for   the   appellant­accused   that after nationalization, as the banks were  nationalized, the appellant   would   fall   within   the   definition   of   public servant and therefore section 197 would be attracted. It was   also   contended   that   although   the   appellant   was removable   by  an   authority   which   was   not  Government but   the   authority   had   been   empowered   under   the regulations and these regulations had been framed with the   sanction   of   the   Government   and   under   these circumstances   therefore   the   view   taken   by   the   Courts below was not correct.

110. Hon'ble Supreme Court of India , however, rejected this contention holding that it did not mean that the appellant could not be removed from his service by anyone except the Government or with the sanction of the Government. 

CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 115 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 116

111. The view of Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in  K. Ch.

Prasad's case is directly applicable to the present case as the public servant accused no. 1 K S Chadha was a Bank employee ( Chief Manager ) in the Punjab & Sind Bank. 

112. Even otherwise, not only has the competent authority in the present case accorded the sanction to prosecute the accused no. 1  for the offences under the PC Act but also for   the   offences   under   the   Indian   Penal   Code.   Merely, because  section 197 CrPC has not been mentioned in the body of the sanction  order , it does not make it invalid.

CONSPIRACY

113. Ld. counsel for the accused has relied upon the following judgments:

(i) Nand Kumar Singh vs. State of Bihar, 1992 SCC (Cri) 538;
(ii)   Sanjiv   Kumar   vs.   State   of   Himachal   Pradesh, 1999 Cri.LJ. 1138.
(iii)  K.R. Puroshothaman vs. State of  Kerala,  2005 (3) JCC 1847.
(iv)   S.   Arul   Raja   vs.   State   of   Tamilnadu,   (2010)   8 SCC 233.
(v) L.Chandraiah vs. State of A.P, AIR 2004 SC 252.
CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 116 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 117
114. I have considered the abovesaid case laws wherein it has been   held   that   a   meeting   of   minds   to   form   a   criminal conspiracy must be proved. To constitute a conspiracy, agreement   between   two   or   more   persons   for   doing   an illegal act, or an act by illegal means, is a sine qua non.

Although the agreement among the conspirators can be inferred by necessary implication, the inference can only be   drawn   on   the   parameters   in   the   manner   of   proved facts, in the nature of circumstantial evidence. Whatever the   incriminating   circumstance,   it   must   be   clearly established by reliable evidence and they must form the full   chain   whereby  a   conclusion   about   the  guilt   of   the accused can be safely drawn. 

115. It is well settled that direct evidence of conspiracy is not forthcoming. The meeting of minds of the co­conspirators can,   however,   be   culled   out   from   the   circumstantial evidence. 

116. It has been proved that while Accused no. 2 & 3 being the Directors of Accused no.4 company Carda India Pvt Ltd approached the Bank for opening the current accounts , they were asked to submit the required documents such as Audited Balance Sheet etc . They neither came forth with the required documentation nor regular proposal was submitted with the concerned bank officer (PW 10). Yet CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 117 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 118 Accused no. 1 authorised the opening of the three currents accounts in question. Despite their being no application on behalf of the Accused no. 2,3 & 4 for grant of various facilities such as Post shipping advance , packing credit, FOBP facilities, OD facilities etc , the Accused no. 1 permitted overdrawing facilities and various other facilities/limits to such an extent which was way beyond his discretionary powers. The Accused no. 2,3 & 4 not only massively overdrew the three current accounts but they also assisted accused no. 1 in his bid to avoid detection by issuing several high value cheques from such accounts which were already closed. The credit entries of such cheques temporarily reduced the high debit balance in the current accounts. The entries were later reversed on account of those cheques being returned unpaid. To cover up these illegal acts, accused no. 1 also created in his own hand false appraisal notes and used them to create sanctioning orders. He also tampered with the bank record like MDP register and entered details of false sanctioning order by using an already existing MDP no. in the register in his own hand and under his own signatures.

117. At the same time, the Accused no. 2,3 & 4 submitted forged B/Ls for discounting. Accused no.1 directed purchase of these B/Ls ignoring various objections CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 118 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 119 mentioned on the sanction memos for post shipment advance. Processing of all the cheques through which the money was withdrawn/overdrawn by Accused no. 2 & 3 from the three current accounts was authorised by Accused no. 1. The chain of events is complete and the conspiracy between all the accused persons to defraud the Bank using false / forged documents and by abuse of his position as public servant by accused no.1 for obtaining pecuniary advantage for accused no. 2,3 & 4 is established beyond any doubt.

HEARSAY EVIDENCE:

118. The complaint on the basis of which the FIR in the instant case   was   lodged   is   Ex.PW25/A.   The   complainant   Sh. N.R.B. Patnaik, the then Chief Vigilance Officer, Punjab & Sind Bank testified that he had lodged this complaint on behalf of the Bank on the basis of the reports received by him pertaining to the allegations of irregular purchase of foreign bills, unauthorized extension of credit facilities beyond the discretionary powers of the Branch Manager, not reporting the said credit facilities to the Zonal Office and for causing undue losses to the Bank to the extent of approximately   Rs.   5.50   crores.   Ld.   Counsel   for   the accused has argued that no reports were annexued with CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 119 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 120 the   complaint   of   the   complainant,   therefore,   the complaint is at best a hearsay evidence. 

119. The Court does not find any merit in this argument. The present   case   is   based   upon   documentary   evidence collected during investigation pursuant to lodging of the abovesaid   complaint.   The   concept   of   hearsay   evidence cannot be invoked in these circumstances.  The case law relied upon by the accused  Ravinder Kumar vs. State, (Crl.Appeal no. 31/1994 with Crl.Appeal no. 21/1994; judgment delivered on 03.07.2009)  is not applicable to the present case as facts of that case are totally different. 

OTHER ARGUMENTS:

120. Ld.   counsel   for   the   accused   has   relied   upon  Willie (William)   Slaney   vs.   State   of   Madhya   Pradesh,   1955 IND LAW SC 80  and has argued that the charge in the present   case   has   not   been   properly   framed   which prejudices   the   entire   trial.   It   has   been   argued   that   the charge   does   not   contain   specific   allegations   such   as details   of   the   overdraft,   specific   rules,   details   of   the cheques etc. There are no merits in this argument as the allegations   against   the   accused   in   brief   and   various sections of PC Act and IPC invoked against the accused CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 120 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 121 persons   have   been   clearly   specified.   There   is   no requirement of mentioning each and every documentary evidence in the charge. The charge against the accused persons has been framed in accordance with Section 211 Cr.P.C.

121. It has also been argued that in the   absence of proof of demand or request from the public servant for a valuable thing or pecuniary advantage , the offence under section 13(1)(d) of the PC Act can not be held to be established. Ld Counsel for the accused has relied upon the judgment dated 22/11/2013 of Hon'ble High Court of Delhi in Crl MC 2384/2011 & Crl MA no. 8693/2011 titled as ' A K Ganju vs CBI'. I have perused the judgment carefully. Hon'ble   High   Court   of   Delhi   also   placed   reliance   on 'Subhash Parbat Sonvane vs State of Gujarat , (2002) 5 SCC 86' wherein it has been held that for convicting the person under section 13(1)(d) , there must be evidence on record   that   accused   'obtained'   for   himself   or   for   any other person any valuable thing or pecuniary advantage by   either   corrupt   or   illegal   means   or   by   abusing   his position   as   a   public   servant   or   he   obtained   for   any person   any   valuable   thing   or   pecuniary   advantage without   any   public   interest.  In   the   present   case   under CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 121 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 122 consideration, it has been established beyond doubt how accused   no.1   abused   his   position   as   public   servant   to obtain pecuniary advantage for accused no. 2,3 & 4.

122. Regarding the argument that payment has been made by the accused no. 2,3 & 4 to the Bank pursuant to the order of  Debt Recovery Tribunal , it has been held in CBI vs Jagjit Singh ( Crl Appeal no. 1580 of 2013 ; judgment dated 1st  October 2013 )  by  Hon'ble Supreme Court of India that recovery of  a debt which was due to the Bank can not be said to be a compromise between offender and the   victim.   Such   recovery   ,   therefore   ,   will   have     no mitigating effect in the present case. It is also noted that out of the decretal amount of Rs 4,74,38,493/­, an amount of Rs 48.50 lakh only was recovered.

123. Lastly, it has also been argued that a company can not be prosecuted   and   punished   for   criminal   offences   as   a juristic person lacks mens rea. In the present case , the Accused no. 4 company has been charged with offences punishable u/s 420 IPC and 471 IPC. The issue raised by Ld Counsel for Accused has already been laid to rest by the Hon'ble Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court of India   in  'Standard   Chartered   Bank   vs   Directorate   of Enforcement, (2005) 4 SCC 530' and has been reiterated CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 122 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 123 in  'Iridium   India   Telecom   Ltd   vs   Motorola Incorporated & Ors , (2011) 1 SCC 74'.  Companies and corporate houses can not claim immunity from criminal prosecution   on   the   ground   that   they   are   incapable   of possessing   necessary   mens   rea   for   commission   of criminal offences. There is no dispute that a company is liable to be prosecuted and punished for criminal offences although the criminal act is committed through its agents.

CONCLUSION

124. Explanation to section 415 IPC provides that a dishonest concealment of facts is a deception within the meaning of this section. Accused no. 1 in furtherance of conspiracy with Accused no 2,3 & 4 himself manipulated the Bank records   to conceal such facts as would have dissuaded the Punjab & Sind Bank from extending various facilities and   limits   to   Accused   no.   2,3   and   4.   By   such concealments , he deceived the Punjab and Sind Bank and induced it to   extend such facilities to Accused no. 2,3 and 4 which resulted in wrongful loss to the tune of Rs 5.54  crores  to  the Bank  and  corresponding gain  to the Accused   no.   2,3   and   4.   The   prosecution   has   also established beyond any doubt that the appraisal note Exh CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 123 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 124 PW 9/A was prepared by Accused no.1 in his own hand and  signatures of Senior manager on this document  were forged. The Accused no.1 used this document to prepare sanctioning order Exh PW 10/A  knowing fully well that Exh PW 9/A was a false document. He also altered the entries dt 11/12/1996 in the MDP register.  Accused no. 1 also abused his position as public servant and exceeded his discretionary powers in violation of various guidelines and circulars to obtain for Accused no.2,3 & 4 pecuniary advantage   to   the   tune   of   Rs.   5.54   crores.   He   also authorized   processing   of   cheques,   cash   withdrawls   and money transfers to camouflage the illegal transactions.

125. Accused no. 2,3 & 4 used forged/false Bills of lading to cheat the complainant Bank in connivance with Accused no.   1.   They   also   availed   various   facilities   which   they were not entitled to and in furtherance of conspiracy with Accused no. 1 , they  issued various high value cheques from     such   accounts   which   were   already   closed   and transferred amounts from one current account to the other to avoid detection and to camouflage the cash drawings. Because of their over drawings and discounting of forged bills of lading , the Bank suffered a wrongful loss of Rs 5.54   crores   which   resulted   in   corresponding   wrongful CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 124 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 125 gain to Accused no. 2,3 & 4.

126. Thus, the accused no. 1 K S Chadha while posted and functioning as Chief Manager , Punjab and Sind Bank , Kailash   Colony   Branch   ,   New   Delhi   during   the   year 1996­98   entered   into   criminal   conspiracy   with   the Accused   Sanjeev   Arora   and   Vikram   Arora   being Directors of Accused no.4 Carda India Pvt Ltd   and in pursuance   thereof   ,   the   aforesaid   accused   persons   and Carda   India   Ltd   cheated   the   Punjab   and   Sind   Bank   , Kailash   Colony   Branch   to   the   tune   of   Rs   5.54   crores which includes an amount of Rs 2.84 crores relating to foreign bills discounted on the basis of forged documents and thus caused wrongful loss to Punjab & Sind Bank and corresponding gain to themselves. They are, therefore , convicted as follows:

ACCUSED NO. 1 K S CHADHA : 
He is convicted of:
 (i) offence punishable  u/sec 120­B r/w section 420 IPC , section 471 IPC and Section 13(2) r/w section 13(1)(d) of the PC Act,1988, 
 (ii) substantive offence punishable u/s  13(2) r/w section 13(1)(d) of  the PC Act,1988,
(iii) substantive offence punishable u/s 420 IPC.
(iv) substantive offence punishable u/s 471 IPC.

ACCUSED NO. 2  SANJEEV ARORA  CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 125 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D 126 He is convicted of:

 (i) offence punishable  u/sec 120­B r/w section 420 IPC , section 471 IPC and Section 13(2) r/w section 13(1)(d) of the PC Act,1988,
(ii) substantive offence punishable u/s 420 IPC,
(iii) substantive offence punishable u/s 471 IPC.

ACCUSED NO. 3 VIKRAM ARORA  He is convicted of:

 (i) offence punishable  u/sec 120­B r/w section 420 IPC , section 471 IPC and Section 13(2) r/w section 13(1)(d) of the PC Act,1988,
(ii) substantive offence punishable u/s 420 IPC,
(iii) substantive offence punishable u/s 471 IPC.

ACCUSED NO. 4 CARDA INDIA PVT LTD  It is convicted of: 

(i) substantive offence punishable u/s 420 IPC,
(ii) substantive offence punishable u/s 471 IPC.

PRONOUNCED IN OPEN COURT ON THIS 21ST DAY OF DECEMBER 2016                (Vrinda Kumari)                 Special Judge (PC Act)              (CBI­3), South, Saket Court                   New Delhi CC No. 05/12 21.12.2016 126 of 126 RC No. 04(E)/2000/CBI/BS&FC/N.D