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[Cites 14, Cited by 0]

Delhi District Court

State vs Ashok Kumar Alias Viraj on 30 April, 2026

        I‭ N THE COURT OF MR. HARGURVARINDER SINGH JAGGI,‬
      ‭ADDL. SESSIONS JUDGE (FTC- 01), SOUTH DISTRICT, SAKET‬
                         ‭COURTS, NEW DELHI‬


 ‭ C No.:‬
 S                            7‭ 362/2016‬
 ‭CNR No.:‬                    ‭DLST01-000349-2012‬
  ‭FIR No.:‬                    ‭45/2012‬
   ‭Police Station:‬             ‭South Campus‬
    ‭u/Section:‬                   ‭120B,‬ ‭392,‬ ‭394,‬ ‭397,‬ ‭411,‬
                                  ‭419, 420, 34 of IPC 1860‬


‭1.‬         ‭STATE‬                                                          ‭)‬
                                                                         ‭ Complainant‬
                                                                         ...

‭Through‬‭-‬ ‭Mr.‬ ‭Santosh‬ ‭Kumar,‬ ‭Additional‬ ‭Public Prosecutor for the State.‬ ‭v.‬ ‭1.‬ ‭ SHOK KUMAR ALIAS VIRAJ‬ A )‭ ‬ ‭S/o Ramji Lal‬ ‭)‬ ‭R/o House No. A - 265‬ ‭)‬ ‭Gautam Puri, Gymkhana Club‬ ‭)‬ ‭Badarpur, New Delhi - 110044‬ ‭)‬ ‭ Accused No. 1‬ ...

‭Through‬‭-‬ ‭Mr. Sandeep Sehgal, Advocate.‬ ‭2.‬ ‭ OSY [Deceased]‬‭1‬ R )‭ ‬ ‭D/o Parveen Kumar alias Rajesh‬ ‭)‬ ‭R/o Sunil's House, Jatav Basti‬ ‭)‬ ‭Chilla Gaon, Mayur Vihar - I‬ ‭)‬ ‭New Delhi‬ ‭)‬ ‭... Accused No. 2‬ ‭1‬ ‭Proceedings against accused, Rosy abated‬‭vide‬‭order‬‭dated 08.08.2019‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭1‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭Date of offence:‬ ‭17.04.2012‬ ‭Date of FIR:‬ ‭17.04.2012‬ ‭Date of chargesheet:‬ ‭27.06.2012‬ ‭Date of framing of charge(s):‬ ‭05.09.2012, 05.12.2012‬ ‭Date of commencement of evidence:‬ ‭15.10.2012‬ ‭Date of judgment reserved:‬ ‭08.04.2016‬ ‭Date of pronouncement of judgment:‬ ‭30.04.2016‬ ‭Date of the sentencing order, if any:‬ ‭TBA‬‭2‬ ‭Table of Contents‬ ‭ acts‬‭......................................................................................................................................‬‭3‬ F ‭Investigation‬‭by‬‭Police‬‭&‬‭Charge‬‭Sheet‬‭...............................................................................‬‭4‬ ‭Charge‬‭&‬‭Points‬‭of‬‭Determination‬‭.......................................................................................‬‭6‬ ‭Prosecution's‬‭Evidence‬‭.........................................................................................................‬‭7‬ ‭Statement‬‭of‬‭Accused‬‭under‬‭Section‬‭313‬‭CrPC‬‭...................................................................‬‭9‬ ‭Defence‬‭Evidence‬‭.................................................................................................................‬‭9‬ ‭Submission‬‭by‬‭the‬‭Counsels‬‭.................................................................................................‬‭9‬ ‭Legal‬‭Provision‬‭&‬‭Legal‬‭Principles‬‭...................................................................................‬‭13‬ ‭Analysis‬‭&‬‭Findings‬‭...........................................................................................................‬‭22‬ ‭Decision‬‭..............................................................................................................................‬‭31‬ ‭Form-B‬‭...............................................................................................................................‬‭33‬ ‭Form-C‬‭...............................................................................................................................‬‭34‬ ‭List‬‭of‬‭Prosecution‬‭/‬‭Defence‬‭/‬‭Court‬‭Witnesses‬‭................................................................‬‭34‬ ‭A.‬ ‭Prosecution‬‭.............................................................................................................‬‭34‬ ‭B.‬ ‭Defence‬‭Witnesses,‬‭if‬‭any‬‭.....................................................................................‬‭38‬ ‭C.‬ ‭Court‬‭Witnesses,‬‭if‬‭any‬‭..........................................................................................‬‭38‬ ‭List‬‭of‬‭Prosecution‬‭/‬‭Defence‬‭/‬‭Court‬‭Exhibits‬‭...................................................................‬‭39‬ ‭A.‬ ‭Prosecution‬‭Exhibits‬‭..............................................................................................‬‭39‬ ‭B.‬ ‭Defence‬‭Exhibits‬‭...................................................................................................‬‭47‬ ‭C.‬ ‭Court‬‭Exhibits‬‭........................................................................................................‬‭47‬ ‭D.‬ ‭Material‬‭Objects‬‭.....................................................................................................‬‭48‬ ‭2‬ ‭TBA - To Be Announced‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭2‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭J U D G M E N T‬ ‭30.04.2026‬ ‭1.‬ ‭The‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭alias‬ ‭Viraj‬ ‭and‬ ‭Rosy,‬ ‭faced‬ ‭trial‬ ‭before‬ ‭this‬ ‭Court‬ ‭arising‬ ‭out‬ ‭of‬ ‭FIR‬ ‭No.‬ ‭45/2012‬ ‭registered‬‭at‬‭police‬ ‭station‬ ‭South‬ ‭Campus‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭commission‬ ‭of‬ ‭offences‬ ‭punishable‬ ‭under‬ ‭Sections‬ ‭120B,‬ ‭392,‬ ‭394,‬ ‭397,‬ ‭419,‬ ‭and‬ ‭420‬ ‭read‬‭with‬‭Section‬ ‭120B and Section 411 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC).‬ ‭2.‬ ‭The‬ ‭co-accused,‬ ‭Rosy,‬ ‭expired‬ ‭during‬‭the‬‭pendency‬‭of‬‭the‬‭trial‬ ‭on 07.12.2018, and the proceedings against her stand abated.‬‭3‬ ‭ acts‬ F ‭3.‬ ‭As‬‭per‬‭the‬‭FIR‬‭No.‬‭45/2012,‬‭the‬‭genesis‬‭of‬‭the‬‭prosecution‬‭case‬ ‭lies‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭daring‬ ‭daylight‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭that‬‭took‬‭place‬‭on‬‭17.04.2012‬‭at‬‭the‬ ‭residence‬‭of‬‭the‬‭victims,‬‭Ms.‬‭Orenponi‬‭Lotha‬‭and‬‭her‬‭French‬‭husband,‬ ‭Gilles‬ ‭Cannaud‬ ‭Ribes,‬ ‭at‬ ‭D-117,‬ ‭Ground‬‭Floor,‬‭Anand‬‭Niketan,‬‭New‬ ‭Delhi.‬ ‭The‬ ‭prosecution‬ ‭alleges‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭and‬ ‭Rosy‬ ‭hatched‬ ‭a‬ ‭criminal‬ ‭conspiracy‬ ‭to‬ ‭commit‬‭robbery.‬‭In‬‭pursuance‬ ‭of‬ ‭this‬ ‭conspiracy,‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭entered‬ ‭the‬ ‭house‬‭under‬‭the‬‭pretext‬ ‭of‬‭seeking‬‭a‬‭job,‬‭overpowered‬‭the‬‭maid‬‭Lily‬‭Thomas‬‭by‬‭brandishing‬‭a‬ ‭big knife, and tied her hands and gagged her mouth with luggage tape.‬ ‭4.‬ ‭When‬ ‭the‬ ‭homeowner,‬ ‭Ms.‬ ‭Orenponi‬ ‭Lotha,‬ ‭returned‬ ‭from‬ ‭a‬ ‭hospital‬ ‭visit,‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭pulled‬ ‭her‬ ‭inside,‬ ‭tied‬ ‭her‬ ‭hands,‬ ‭gagged‬ ‭her,‬ ‭and‬ ‭robbed‬ ‭her‬ ‭of‬ ‭substantial‬ ‭valuables.‬ ‭The‬ ‭robbed‬ ‭items‬ ‭included‬ ‭gold‬ ‭and‬ ‭precious‬ ‭stone‬ ‭jewellery,‬ ‭foreign‬ ‭passports,‬ ‭cash,‬ ‭3‬ ‭ibid.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭3‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭and‬ ‭several‬ ‭credit/debit‬ ‭cards‬ ‭belonging‬ ‭to‬ ‭her‬ ‭husband.‬ ‭During‬ ‭the‬ ‭scuffle,‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭caused‬ ‭hurt‬ ‭to‬ ‭Ms.‬ ‭Lotha‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬ ‭knife‬ ‭and‬ ‭by‬ ‭physically assaulting her.‬ ‭5.‬ ‭Subsequently,‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭impersonating‬ ‭the‬ ‭cardholders,‬ ‭fraudulently‬ ‭used‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭debit‬ ‭and‬ ‭credit‬ ‭cards‬ ‭at‬ ‭multiple‬ ‭commercial‬ ‭establishments‬ ‭in‬ ‭Defence‬ ‭Colony‬ ‭and‬ ‭Mayur‬ ‭Vihar‬ ‭to‬ ‭purchase‬ ‭household‬ ‭items,‬ ‭including‬ ‭an‬‭oven‬‭toaster‬‭griller‬‭(OTG)‬‭of‬ ‭Morphy Richards, medicines, and clothing.‬ I‭ nvestigation by Police & Charge Sheet‬ ‭6.‬ ‭The‬ ‭wheels‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭criminal‬ ‭justice‬ ‭system‬ ‭were‬ ‭set‬ ‭in‬ ‭motion‬ ‭when‬ ‭the‬ ‭driver,‬ ‭Mahesh‬ ‭Prasad,‬ ‭discovered‬ ‭the‬ ‭victims‬ ‭tied‬ ‭up‬ ‭and‬ ‭informed the police, leading to the registration of FIR No. 45/2012.‬ ‭7.‬ ‭The‬ ‭final‬ ‭report‬ ‭(charge‬ ‭sheet)‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭FIR‬ ‭No.‬ ‭45/2012‬ ‭concluded‬‭that‬‭the‬‭accused‬‭persons‬‭should‬‭be‬‭tried‬‭under‬‭IPC‬‭Sections‬ ‭392‬ ‭(robbery),‬ ‭394‬ ‭(voluntarily‬ ‭causing‬ ‭hurt‬ ‭in‬ ‭committing‬ ‭robbery),‬ ‭397‬ ‭(robbery‬ ‭with‬ ‭attempt‬ ‭to‬ ‭cause‬ ‭death‬ ‭or‬ ‭grievous‬ ‭hurt),‬ ‭411‬ ‭(dishonestly‬‭receiving‬‭stolen‬‭property),‬‭419‬‭(cheating‬‭by‬‭personation),‬ ‭420‬ ‭(cheating),‬ ‭120B‬ ‭(criminal‬ ‭conspiracy),‬ ‭and‬ ‭34‬ ‭(acts‬ ‭done‬ ‭by‬ ‭several persons in furtherance of common intention).‬ ‭8.‬ ‭The‬ ‭investigating‬ ‭officer‬ ‭(IO),‬ ‭Inspector‬ ‭Balram‬ ‭prepared‬ ‭and‬ ‭filed‬‭a‬‭detailed‬‭final‬‭report‬‭along‬‭with‬‭an‬‭extensive‬‭list‬‭of‬‭prosecution‬ ‭witnesses,‬ ‭documents‬ ‭and‬ ‭material‬ ‭objects‬ ‭as‬ ‭gathered‬ ‭during‬ ‭the‬ ‭investigation.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭4‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭9.‬ ‭The‬‭final‬‭report‬‭stated‬‭that‬‭the‬‭complainant‬‭was‬‭a‬‭maid‬‭servant,‬ ‭Lily‬ ‭Thomas.‬ ‭The‬ ‭alleged‬ ‭incident‬ ‭occurred‬ ‭on‬ ‭17.04.2012‬ ‭between‬ ‭10:30‬ ‭AM‬ ‭and‬ ‭11:30‬ ‭AM.‬ ‭at‬ ‭D-117,‬ ‭Ground‬ ‭Floor,‬ ‭Anand‬ ‭Niketan,‬ ‭New Delhi. The victims were Orenponi Lotha and Lily Thomas.‬ ‭10.‬ ‭A‬‭man‬‭forced‬‭entry‬‭into‬‭the‬‭house,‬‭threatened‬‭the‬‭victims‬‭with‬‭a‬ ‭knife,‬ ‭tied‬ ‭their‬ ‭hands‬ ‭and‬ ‭mouths‬ ‭with‬ ‭luggage‬ ‭tape,‬ ‭and‬ ‭stole‬ ‭cash‬ ‭and‬ ‭jewellery.‬ ‭On‬ ‭investigation‬‭it‬‭surfaced‬‭that‬‭the‬‭robber‬‭was‬‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭alias‬ ‭Viraj‬ ‭aged‬ ‭around‬ ‭27‬ ‭years,‬ ‭resident‬ ‭of‬ ‭Tigri‬ ‭and‬ ‭currently‬‭living‬‭in‬‭Jatav‬‭Basti,‬‭Chilla‬‭Gaon.‬‭The‬‭co-accused‬‭was‬‭Rosy‬ ‭aged‬ ‭around‬ ‭33‬ ‭years,‬ ‭a‬ ‭domestic‬ ‭help‬ ‭and‬ ‭former‬ ‭employee‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭victim, Orenponi Lotha living in Jatav Basti, Chilla Gaon.‬ ‭11.‬ ‭Based‬ ‭on‬ ‭secret‬ ‭information‬ ‭and‬ ‭technical‬ ‭surveillance,‬ ‭the‬ ‭main‬ ‭IO,‬ ‭Inspector‬ ‭Balram,‬ ‭apprehended‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭and‬ ‭Rosy‬‭on‬ ‭21.04.2012 from a rented room at Chilla Village, Mayur Vihar.‬ ‭12.‬ ‭The‬ ‭key‬ ‭evidence‬ ‭and‬ ‭recoveries‬ ‭made‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭police‬ ‭during‬ ‭investigation were as below:‬ ‭12.1.‬ ‭Recovered‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭items‬‭:‬ ‭Police‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭jewelry‬ ‭items,‬ ‭gold‬ ‭chains,‬ ‭rings,‬ ‭bracelets,‬ ‭cash‬ ‭₹2,298,‬ ‭a‬ ‭French‬ ‭passport,‬ ‭and‬ ‭multiple‬‭bank/credit‬‭cards‬‭belonging‬‭to‬‭the‬ ‭victims from the rented room of the accused.‬ ‭12.2.‬ ‭Purchased‬ ‭property‬‭:‬ ‭Items‬ ‭purchased‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭using‬ ‭the‬ ‭victim's‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭debit‬ ‭card‬ ‭including‬ ‭an‬ ‭oven,‬ ‭clothes,‬ ‭and‬ ‭medicine‬ ‭were‬ ‭also‬ ‭seized‬ ‭from‬ ‭their‬ ‭residence.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭5‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭12.3.‬ ‭Weapon‬ ‭and‬ ‭vehicle‬‭:‬ ‭A‬ ‭kitchen‬ ‭knife‬ ‭used‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭crime‬ ‭and‬ ‭a‬ ‭Bajaj‬ ‭Platina‬ ‭motorcycle‬ ‭bearing‬ ‭registration‬ ‭number DL-9S-P-7716 were recovered.‬ ‭12.4.‬ ‭Technical‬ ‭evidence‬‭:‬ ‭The‬ ‭call‬ ‭detail‬ ‭records‬ ‭(CDRs)‬ ‭showed‬ ‭communication‬ ‭between‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭persons‬ ‭around‬ ‭the‬ ‭time‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭incident.‬ ‭Fingerprint‬ ‭experts‬ ‭developed‬ ‭chance‬ ‭prints‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭crime‬ ‭scene,‬ ‭though‬ ‭they did not match the accused.‬ ‭13.‬ ‭The‬ ‭victims‬ ‭identified‬ ‭the‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭jewelry‬ ‭during‬ ‭a‬ ‭test‬ ‭identification‬ ‭parade‬ ‭(TIP).‬ ‭However,‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭persons‬ ‭refused‬ ‭to‬ ‭join‬‭their‬‭own‬‭TIP‬‭proceedings,‬‭claiming‬‭they‬‭were‬‭already‬‭known‬‭to‬ ‭the victims.‬ ‭14.‬ ‭Pursuant‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭disclosure‬‭statements‬‭of‬‭the‬‭accused,‬‭the‬‭police‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭French‬ ‭passports,‬‭assorted‬‭jewellery,‬‭debit/credit‬ ‭cards,‬ ‭the‬ ‭weapon‬ ‭of‬ ‭offence‬ ‭(knife),‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭goods‬ ‭purchased‬ ‭using‬ ‭the stolen cards (OTG, jeans, medicines) from their rented premises.‬ ‭ harge & Points of Determination‬ C ‭15.‬ ‭Following‬ ‭the‬ ‭completion‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭investigation,‬ ‭a‬ ‭charge‬ ‭sheet‬ ‭was‬‭filed,‬‭and‬‭charges‬‭were‬‭framed‬‭against‬‭the‬‭accused‬‭on‬‭05.09.2012‬ ‭(Section‬‭411‬‭IPC)‬‭and‬‭05.12.2012‬‭(Sections‬‭120B,‬‭392,‬‭394,‬‭397,‬‭419,‬ ‭420 IPC), to which they pleaded not guilty and claimed trial.‬ ‭16.‬ ‭The questions posed to the Court for determination are as under:‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭6‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭(i)‬ ‭ hether‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭hatched‬ ‭a‬ ‭criminal‬ W ‭conspiracy‬‭to‬‭commit‬‭robbery‬‭at‬‭D-117,‬‭Anand‬‭Niketan?‬ ‭(Section 120B IPC)‬ ‭(ii)‬ ‭ hether‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭committed‬ ‭robbery‬‭and‬‭voluntarily‬ W ‭caused hurt in the process? (Sections 392, 394 IPC)‬ ‭(iii)‬ W‭ hether‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭used‬ ‭a‬ ‭deadly‬ ‭weapon‬ ‭while‬ ‭committing the robbery? (Section 397 IPC)‬ ‭(iv)‬ W‭ hether‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬‭retained‬‭stolen‬‭property‬‭knowing‬‭it‬ ‭to be stolen? (Section 411 IPC)‬ ‭(v)‬ ‭ hether‬‭the‬‭accused‬‭cheated‬‭by‬‭impersonation‬‭using‬‭the‬ W ‭stolen bank cards? (Sections 419, 420 IPC)‬ ‭ rosecution's Evidence‬ P ‭17.‬ ‭To‬ ‭prove‬ ‭the‬ ‭guilt‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭the‬ ‭prosecution‬ ‭examined‬ ‭thirty-eight‬ ‭witnesses‬ ‭in‬ ‭total.‬‭4‬ ‭For‬ ‭the‬ ‭sake‬ ‭of‬ ‭clarity‬ ‭and‬ ‭convenience,‬ ‭the‬ ‭prosecution‬ ‭witnesses‬ ‭as‬ ‭per‬ ‭the‬ ‭nature‬ ‭of‬ ‭their‬ ‭evidence‬ ‭have‬ ‭been‬ ‭summed‬ ‭up‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭tabular‬ ‭format,‬ ‭Appendix,‬ ‭Form-C‬‭enclosed with this judgment.‬ ‭18.‬ ‭The‬‭evidence‬‭can‬‭be‬‭broadly‬‭classified‬‭into‬‭direct‬‭eyewitnesses,‬ ‭circumstantial‬ ‭witnesses,‬ ‭medical‬ ‭evidence,‬ ‭and‬ ‭investigative‬ ‭evidence.‬ ‭19.‬ ‭Direct‬ ‭Evidence‬ ‭(Robbery‬ ‭and‬ ‭Cruelty)‬‭:‬ ‭PW-1,‬ ‭Lily‬ ‭Thomas‬ ‭(maid),‬ ‭testified‬ ‭that‬‭on‬‭17.04.2012,‬‭accused‬‭Ashok‬‭Kumar‬‭arrived‬‭at‬ ‭the‬‭door‬‭seeking‬‭a‬‭job,‬‭and‬‭later‬‭pushed‬‭his‬‭way‬‭inside.‬‭He‬‭brandished‬ ‭a‬ ‭large‬ ‭knife,‬ ‭tied‬ ‭her‬ ‭hands,‬ ‭and‬‭gagged‬‭her‬‭with‬‭tape.‬‭PW-1‬‭further‬ ‭deposed‬‭that‬‭when‬‭her‬‭employer‬‭arrived,‬‭Ashok‬‭pulled‬‭her‬‭inside,‬‭tied‬ ‭her up, and looted jewellery, money, and cards into a black bag.‬ ‭4‬ ‭Note‬‭: Some witness numbers are repeated or non-sequential‬‭in the original Court records.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭7‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭20.‬ ‭PW-12,‬‭Ms.‬‭Orenponi‬‭Lotha,‬‭corroborated‬‭PW-1's‬‭testimony‬‭in‬ ‭its‬ ‭entirety.‬ ‭She‬ ‭testified‬ ‭that‬ ‭she‬ ‭was‬ ‭forced‬ ‭into‬ ‭the‬ ‭bedroom‬ ‭at‬ ‭knifepoint.‬ ‭When‬ ‭she‬ ‭attempted‬ ‭to‬ ‭grab‬ ‭the‬ ‭knife‬ ‭to‬ ‭escape,‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬‭roughly‬‭pulled‬‭her‬‭back,‬‭causing‬‭injuries‬‭to‬‭her‬‭left‬‭palm.‬‭The‬ ‭accused‬ ‭then‬ ‭tied‬ ‭her‬ ‭up,‬ ‭kicked‬ ‭her‬‭violently,‬‭and‬‭stole‬‭her‬‭ruby‬‭set,‬ ‭emerald‬ ‭set,‬ ‭cash,‬ ‭passports,‬ ‭and‬ ‭credit‬ ‭cards.‬ ‭She‬ ‭also‬ ‭testified‬ ‭that‬ ‭accused‬‭Ashok‬‭Kumar‬‭was‬‭known‬‭to‬‭her‬‭as‬‭he‬‭had‬‭previously‬‭visited‬ ‭her‬ ‭house‬ ‭for‬ ‭a‬ ‭week‬ ‭accompanying‬ ‭his‬ ‭wife,‬ ‭Rosy,‬ ‭who‬ ‭was‬ ‭their‬ ‭former maid.‬ ‭21.‬ ‭Evidence‬ ‭of‬ ‭Impersonation‬ ‭and‬ ‭Cheating‬‭:‬ ‭The‬ ‭prosecution‬ ‭traced‬ ‭the‬ ‭immediate‬ ‭fraudulent‬ ‭use‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭cards‬ ‭through‬ ‭the‬ ‭testimonies‬ ‭of‬ ‭independent‬ ‭shopkeepers.‬ ‭PW-2,‬ ‭Manoj‬ ‭Gupta,‬ ‭owner‬ ‭of‬ ‭Defence‬ ‭Store,‬ ‭testified‬ ‭that‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar,‬ ‭identifying‬ ‭himself‬ ‭as‬ ‭"Viraj",‬ ‭used‬ ‭a‬ ‭foreigner's‬ ‭debit‬ ‭card‬ ‭to‬ ‭purchase‬ ‭an‬ ‭OTG‬ ‭and‬ ‭other‬ ‭items,‬ ‭signing‬ ‭the‬ ‭receipt‬ ‭in‬ ‭his‬ ‭presence.‬ ‭PW-6‬ ‭(Shivani)‬ ‭and‬ ‭PW-7‬ ‭(Braham‬ ‭Prakash),‬ ‭pharmacists‬ ‭at‬ ‭Religare‬ ‭Wellness,‬ ‭identified‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭as‬ ‭having‬ ‭purchased‬ ‭medicines‬ ‭and‬ ‭supplements‬ ‭worth‬ ‭₹4,715‬ ‭using‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭card.‬ ‭PW-11,‬ ‭Anil‬ ‭Aggarwal,‬ ‭owner‬ ‭of‬‭Kids‬ ‭Fashion,‬ ‭testified‬ ‭that‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar,‬ ‭calling‬ ‭himself‬ ‭"Viraj",‬ ‭purchased garments using the stolen card.‬ ‭22.‬ ‭Medical‬‭&‬‭Forensic‬‭Evidence‬‭:‬‭Dr.‬‭Rakesh‬‭Singh‬‭(PW-35)‬‭from‬ ‭Max‬ ‭Hospital‬ ‭proved‬ ‭the‬ ‭MLC‬ ‭of‬ ‭Ms.‬ ‭Orenponi‬ ‭Lotha,‬ ‭observing‬ ‭bruises‬‭on‬‭her‬‭face‬‭and‬‭neck‬‭and‬‭a‬‭superficial‬‭cut‬‭on‬‭her‬‭left‬‭hand.‬‭He‬ ‭opined‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭sharp‬‭injury‬‭could‬‭have‬‭been‬‭caused‬‭by‬‭the‬‭recovered‬ ‭weapon‬‭of‬‭offence‬‭(knife),‬‭and‬‭the‬‭blunt‬‭injuries‬‭were‬‭consistent‬‭with‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭8‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭a‬ ‭physical‬ ‭assault.‬ ‭Dr.‬ ‭Avdhesh‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭(PW-33),‬ ‭FSL‬ ‭Expert,‬ ‭confirmed‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭handwriting‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭forged‬ ‭credit‬ ‭card‬ ‭transaction‬ ‭slips matched the specimen handwriting of accused Ashok Kumar.‬ ‭23.‬ ‭Investigative‬ ‭Evidence‬ ‭&‬ ‭Recoveries‬‭:‬ ‭Retd.‬ ‭ACP‬ ‭Balram‬ ‭(PW-38)‬ ‭and‬ ‭ASI‬ ‭Shyam‬ ‭Prakash‬ ‭(PW-34)‬ ‭deposed‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭the‬ ‭arrest‬‭of‬‭the‬‭accused‬‭from‬‭Chilla‬‭Village.‬‭PW-4,‬‭Prithi‬‭Singh‬‭(a‬‭public‬ ‭witness‬ ‭and‬ ‭father‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused's‬ ‭landlord),‬ ‭testified‬‭that‬‭the‬‭police‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭French‬ ‭passports,‬ ‭jewellery,‬ ‭foreign‬ ‭cards,‬ ‭the‬ ‭OTG,‬ ‭newly‬ ‭purchased‬ ‭clothes,‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭knife‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused's‬ ‭rented room in his presence.‬ ‭ tatement of Accused under Section 313 CrPC‬ S ‭24.‬ ‭In‬ ‭his‬ ‭statement‬ ‭under‬ ‭Section‬ ‭313‬ ‭CrPC,‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬‭alias‬‭Viraj‬‭denied‬‭all‬‭incriminating‬‭evidence.‬‭He‬‭claimed‬‭false‬ ‭implication,‬ ‭stating‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭police‬ ‭planted‬ ‭the‬ ‭evidence‬ ‭and‬ ‭framed‬ ‭him‬ ‭because‬ ‭they‬ ‭were‬ ‭under‬ ‭pressure‬ ‭to‬ ‭solve‬ ‭a‬ ‭crime‬ ‭involving‬ ‭French‬ ‭nationals.‬ ‭He‬ ‭refused‬ ‭to‬ ‭participate‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭test‬ ‭identification‬ ‭parade‬ ‭(TIP),‬ ‭claiming‬ ‭his‬ ‭photographs‬ ‭were‬ ‭shown‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭witnesses‬ ‭by the police beforehand.‬ ‭ efence Evidence‬ D ‭25.‬ ‭The‬ ‭accused‬ ‭chose‬ ‭not‬ ‭to‬ ‭lead‬ ‭any‬ ‭defence‬ ‭evidence,‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭same was closed on 01.11.2025.‬ ‭ ubmission by the Counsels‬ S ‭26.‬ ‭The‬‭learned‬‭Addl.‬‭Public‬‭Prosecutor‬‭(APP)‬‭for‬‭the‬‭State‬‭argued‬ ‭that‬‭the‬‭prosecution‬‭has‬‭established‬‭an‬‭unbroken‬‭chain‬‭of‬‭events,‬‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭direct‬ ‭eyewitness‬ ‭accounts‬ ‭of‬‭the‬‭brutal‬‭robbery‬‭to‬‭the‬‭immediate‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭9‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭fraudulent‬ ‭use‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭cards,‬ ‭culminating‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬‭recovery‬‭of‬‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭goods‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused.‬ ‭He‬ ‭argued‬ ‭that‬ ‭brandishing‬ ‭a‬ ‭deadly‬ ‭weapon attracts Section 397 IPC and prayed for maximum conviction.‬ ‭27.‬ ‭Per‬ ‭contra‬‭,‬ ‭Mr.‬ ‭Sehgal‬ ‭learned‬ ‭defence‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭vehemently‬ ‭argued‬ ‭that‬‭the‬‭accused‬‭was‬‭falsely‬‭implicated.‬‭He‬‭contended‬‭that‬‭the‬ ‭TIP‬ ‭was‬ ‭refused‬ ‭because‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭was‬ ‭shown‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭witnesses‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭police‬ ‭station.‬ ‭The‬ ‭defence‬ ‭further‬ ‭argued‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭weapon‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭was‬ ‭an‬ ‭ordinary‬‭kitchen‬‭knife,‬‭which‬‭should‬‭not‬‭attract‬‭the‬ ‭stringent provisions of Section 397 IPC.‬ ‭28.‬ ‭The‬‭arguments‬‭advanced‬‭by‬‭Mr.‬‭Sehgal,‬‭learned‬‭counsel‬‭for‬‭the‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭alias‬ ‭Viraj,‬ ‭also‬ ‭centered‬ ‭around‬ ‭fatal‬ ‭infirmities‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭identification‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused.‬ ‭The‬ ‭learned‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭submitted‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭test‬ ‭identification‬‭parade‬‭(TIP)‬‭was‬‭conducted‬‭five‬ ‭days‬ ‭after‬‭the‬‭arrest,‬‭suggesting‬‭witnesses‬‭may‬‭have‬‭seen‬‭the‬‭accused‬ ‭in police custody beforehand.‬ ‭29.‬ ‭The‬ ‭learned‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭further‬ ‭submitted‬‭that‬‭PW-1,‬‭Lily‬‭Thomas‬ ‭saw‬ ‭the‬ ‭male‬ ‭offender‬ ‭for‬ ‭only‬ ‭seconds‬ ‭while‬ ‭he‬ ‭was‬ ‭wearing‬ ‭a‬ ‭hat.‬ ‭PW-12‬ ‭Orenponi‬ ‭Lotha‬ ‭was‬ ‭blindfolded‬ ‭and‬ ‭had‬ ‭tape‬ ‭over‬ ‭her‬ ‭eyes‬ ‭during‬ ‭the‬ ‭incident.‬ ‭Mr.‬ ‭Sehgal‬ ‭further‬ ‭submitted‬ ‭that‬ ‭whereas,‬ ‭the‬ ‭FIR‬ ‭provided‬ ‭only‬ ‭a‬ ‭generic‬ ‭description‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭suspect,‬ ‭and‬ ‭no‬ ‭distinctive marks were noted.‬ ‭30.‬ ‭Mr.‬‭Sehgal,‬‭learned‬‭counsel‬‭for‬‭the‬‭accused,‬‭Ashok‬‭Kumar‬‭alias‬ ‭Viraj,‬ ‭attacked‬ ‭the‬ ‭prosecution's‬‭case‬‭on‬‭another‬‭front,‬‭arguing‬‭that‬‭it‬ ‭is‬ ‭marred‬ ‭by‬ ‭serious‬ ‭scientific‬ ‭and‬ ‭investigative‬‭failures.‬‭The‬‭learned‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭10‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭strenuously‬ ‭contended‬ ‭that‬ ‭there‬ ‭were‬ ‭serious‬ ‭investigative‬ ‭failures‬ ‭because‬ ‭of‬ ‭which‬ ‭conviction‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭alleged‬ ‭offences‬ ‭is‬‭untenable.‬‭The‬‭learned‬‭counsel‬‭urged‬‭that‬‭the‬‭Finger‬‭Print‬ ‭Bureau‬ ‭report‬ ‭conclusively‬ ‭showed‬ ‭that‬ ‭fingerprints‬ ‭lifted‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭scene did not match those of the accused.‬ ‭31.‬ ‭Mr.‬‭Sehgal‬‭learned‬‭counsel‬‭submitted‬‭that‬‭the‬‭arrest‬‭story‬‭is‬‭too‬ ‭well-crafted‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭real,‬ ‭noting‬ ‭a‬ ‭lack‬ ‭of‬ ‭independent‬ ‭witnesses,‬ ‭surveillance‬ ‭evidence,‬ ‭or‬ ‭DD‬ ‭entries‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭informer‬ ‭information.‬ ‭The‬ ‭learned‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭submitted‬ ‭that‬ ‭all‬ ‭the‬ ‭alleged‬ ‭recoveries‬ ‭were‬ ‭made‬ ‭only‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭presence‬ ‭of‬ ‭police‬ ‭witnesses,‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭precise‬ ‭dimensions‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭knife‬ ‭suspiciously‬ ‭matched‬ ‭the‬ ‭FIR‬ ‭description.‬ ‭32.‬ ‭Mr.‬ ‭Sehgal‬ ‭learned‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭argued‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭prosecution‬‭has‬‭miserably‬‭failed‬‭to‬‭establish‬‭and‬‭prove‬‭its‬‭case‬‭against‬ ‭the‬‭accused,‬‭Ashok‬‭Kumar‬‭alias‬‭Viraj.‬‭The‬‭learned‬‭counsel‬‭submitted‬ ‭that‬ ‭no‬ ‭medico-legal‬ ‭case‬ ‭(MLC)‬ ‭report‬ ‭was‬ ‭obtained‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭complainant,‬ ‭PW-1,‬ ‭the‬ ‭maid.‬ ‭The‬ ‭learned‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭with‬ ‭great‬ ‭emphasis‬ ‭stated‬ ‭that‬ ‭without‬ ‭medical‬ ‭proof‬ ‭of‬ ‭"hurt,"‬ ‭this‬ ‭charge‬ ‭cannot be sustained.‬ ‭33.‬ ‭Regarding‬‭the‬‭alleged‬‭charge‬‭of‬‭use‬‭of‬‭a‬‭deadly‬‭weapon‬‭during‬ ‭the‬ ‭commission‬ ‭of‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭punishable‬ ‭under‬ ‭Section‬ ‭397‬ ‭IPC,‬ ‭Mr.‬ ‭Sandeep‬ ‭Sehgal,‬ ‭the‬ ‭learned‬ ‭counsel,‬ ‭urged‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭prosecution‬ ‭has‬ ‭failed‬‭to‬‭resolve‬‭the‬‭inconsistencies‬‭regarding‬‭the‬‭alleged‬‭knife‬‭used‬‭in‬ ‭the robbery.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭11‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭34.‬ ‭Mr.‬ ‭Sehgal‬ ‭learned‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭for‬ ‭defence‬ ‭contended‬ ‭that‬ ‭a‬ ‭vegetable‬ ‭knife‬ ‭may‬ ‭not‬ ‭qualify‬ ‭as‬ ‭a‬ ‭"deadly‬ ‭weapon".‬ ‭Furthermore,‬ ‭medical‬‭evidence‬‭showed‬‭only‬‭a‬‭superficial‬‭cut‬‭on‬‭PW-12,‬‭which‬‭does‬ ‭not corroborate a violent attack.‬ ‭35.‬ ‭The‬ ‭learned‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭further‬ ‭submitted‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭conspiracy‬ ‭charge‬‭collapsed‬‭following‬‭the‬‭death‬‭of‬‭co-accused‬‭Rosy.‬‭Legally,‬‭one‬ ‭person‬‭cannot‬‭conspire‬‭alone,‬‭and‬‭there‬‭is‬‭no‬‭evidence‬‭of‬‭a‬‭meeting‬‭of‬ ‭minds with any other party.‬ ‭36.‬ ‭Mr.‬‭Sehgal,‬‭learned‬‭counsel‬‭for‬‭the‬‭accused,‬‭Ashok‬‭Kumar‬‭alias‬ ‭Viraj,‬ ‭criticized‬ ‭the‬ ‭medical‬‭evidence‬‭(PW-35)‬‭and‬‭submitted‬‭that‬‭the‬ ‭whole‬‭case‬‭of‬‭the‬‭prosecution‬‭falls‬‭like‬‭a‬‭pack‬‭of‬‭cards,‬‭as‬‭the‬‭medical‬ ‭evidence‬ ‭does‬ ‭not‬ ‭corroborate‬ ‭the‬ ‭alleged‬ ‭offences.‬ ‭The‬ ‭learned‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭submitted‬ ‭that‬ ‭as‬ ‭per‬ ‭Dr.‬ ‭Rakesh‬ ‭Singh's‬ ‭opinion‬ ‭the‬ ‭injury‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭caused‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭knife,‬ ‭which‬ ‭the‬ ‭defence‬ ‭argues‬‭is‬‭a‬‭possibility‬ ‭rather than proof beyond reasonable doubt.‬ ‭37.‬ ‭The‬ ‭learned‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭also‬ ‭emphasized‬ ‭the‬ ‭two-month‬ ‭chain-of-custody‬ ‭gap‬‭between‬‭the‬‭seizure‬‭of‬‭the‬‭knife‬‭and‬‭its‬‭medical‬ ‭examination.‬ ‭The‬ ‭learned‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭also‬ ‭urged‬ ‭that‬ ‭there‬ ‭has‬ ‭been‬ ‭no‬ ‭independent‬ ‭verification‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭seal‬ ‭remained‬ ‭intact.‬ ‭The‬ ‭learned‬ ‭counsel‬‭further‬‭submitted‬‭that‬‭the‬‭doctor's‬‭attribution‬‭of‬‭blunt‬‭injuries‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭alleged‬ ‭accused‬ ‭persons‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭factual‬ ‭conclusion‬ ‭that‬ ‭exceeds‬ ‭medical‬ ‭expertise‬ ‭and‬ ‭is‬ ‭solely‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭Court‬ ‭to‬ ‭decide,‬ ‭and‬ ‭thus‬ ‭the‬ ‭same‬ ‭must‬ ‭be‬ ‭ruled‬ ‭out‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭Court.‬ ‭To‬ ‭buttress‬ ‭his‬‭arguments,‬‭Mr.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭12‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭Sehgal,‬ ‭learned‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭placed‬ ‭reliance‬ ‭upon‬ ‭the‬ ‭judgment of‬‭Wahid v. State Govt. of NCT of Delhi‬‭.‬‭5‬ ‭ egal Provision & Legal Principles‬ L ‭38.‬ ‭The‬ ‭relevant‬ ‭legal‬ ‭provisions‬‭for‬‭the‬‭proper‬‭adjudication‬‭of‬‭the‬ ‭case are Sections 120B, 392, 394, 397, 411, 419, 420, 34, IPC.‬ ‭39.‬ ‭Section‬‭120-A‬‭of‬‭IPC‬‭defines‬‭criminal‬‭conspiracy.‬‭It‬‭says,‬‭when‬ ‭two‬ ‭or‬ ‭more‬ ‭persons‬‭agree‬‭to‬‭do‬‭or‬‭cause‬‭to‬‭be‬‭done‬‭(i)‬‭an‬‭illegal‬‭act‬ ‭or‬ ‭(ii)‬ ‭an‬‭act‬‭which‬‭is‬‭not‬‭illegal‬‭by‬‭illegal‬‭means,‬‭such‬‭an‬‭agreement‬ ‭is‬ ‭designated‬ ‭a‬ ‭criminal‬ ‭conspiracy.‬ ‭Section‬ ‭120-B‬ ‭prescribes‬ ‭the‬ ‭punishment‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭imposed‬ ‭on‬ ‭a‬ ‭party‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬ ‭criminal‬ ‭conspiracy.‬ ‭As‬ ‭pointed‬ ‭out‬ ‭by‬ ‭Subba‬ ‭Rao,‬ ‭J.‬ ‭in‬ ‭Major‬ ‭E.G.‬ ‭Barsay‬ ‭v.‬ ‭State‬ ‭of‬ ‭Bombay:‬‭6‬ "‭ ...‬ ‭...‬ ‭the‬ ‭gist‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬‭offence‬‭is‬‭an‬‭agreement‬‭to‬‭break‬‭the‬ ‭Jaw.‬ ‭The‬ ‭parties‬ ‭to‬ ‭such‬ ‭an‬ ‭agreement‬ ‭will‬ ‭be‬ ‭guilty‬ ‭of‬ ‭criminal‬ ‭conspiracy,‬ ‭though‬ ‭the‬ ‭illegal‬ ‭act‬ ‭agreed‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭done‬ ‭has‬ ‭not‬ ‭been‬ ‭done.‬ ‭So‬ ‭too,‬ ‭it‬ ‭is‬ ‭not‬ ‭an‬‭ingredient‬‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭offence‬ ‭that‬ ‭all‬ ‭the‬ ‭parties‬ ‭should‬ ‭agree‬ ‭to‬‭do‬‭a‬‭single‬ ‭illegal‬‭act.‬‭It‬‭may‬‭comprise‬‭the‬‭commission‬‭of‬‭a‬‭number‬‭of‬ ‭acts".‬ ‭40.‬ ‭Under‬ ‭Section‬ ‭43‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭IPC,‬ ‭an‬‭act‬‭would‬‭be‬‭illegal‬‭if‬‭it‬‭is‬‭an‬ ‭offence‬ ‭or‬ ‭if‬ ‭it‬ ‭is‬ ‭prohibited‬ ‭by‬ ‭law.‬ ‭Section‬ ‭120-A‬ ‭and‬ ‭120-B‬ ‭were‬ ‭brought‬‭on‬‭the‬‭statute‬‭book‬‭by‬‭way‬‭of‬‭an‬‭amendment‬‭to‬‭IPC‬‭in‬‭1913.‬ ‭The‬ ‭Statement‬ ‭of‬ ‭Objects‬ ‭and‬ ‭Reasons‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭amending‬ ‭Act‬ ‭reveals‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭underlying‬ ‭purpose‬ ‭was‬ ‭to‬ ‭make‬ ‭a‬ ‭mere‬ ‭agreement‬ ‭to‬ ‭do‬ ‭an‬ ‭illegal‬ ‭act‬ ‭or‬ ‭an‬ ‭act‬ ‭which‬ ‭is‬ ‭not‬ ‭illegal‬ ‭by‬ ‭illegal‬ ‭means‬ ‭punishable‬ ‭under‬ ‭law.‬ ‭This‬ ‭definition‬ ‭is‬ ‭almost‬ ‭similar‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭definition‬ ‭of‬ ‭5‬ 2‭ 025 INSC 145‬ ‭6‬ ‭AIR 1961 SC 1762‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭13‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭conspiracy,‬ ‭which‬ ‭we‬ ‭find‬ ‭in‬ ‭Halsbury's‬ ‭Laws‬ ‭of‬ ‭England.‬ ‭The‬ ‭definition given therein is:‬ "‭ Conspiracy‬ ‭consists‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭agreement‬ ‭of‬ ‭two‬ ‭or‬ ‭more‬ ‭persons‬ ‭to‬ ‭do‬ ‭an‬ ‭unlawful·‬ ‭act,‬ ‭or‬ ‭to‬ ‭do‬ ‭a‬ ‭lawful‬ ‭act‬ ‭by‬ ‭unlawful‬‭means.‬‭It‬‭is‬‭an‬‭indictable‬‭offence‬‭at‬‭common‬‭law.‬ ‭The‬ ‭essence‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭offence‬ ‭of‬ ‭conspiracy‬ ‭is‬ ‭the‬ ‭fact‬ ‭of‬ ‭combination‬‭by‬‭agreement;‬‭The‬‭agreement‬‭may‬‭be‬‭express‬ ‭or‬‭implied‬‭or‬‭in‬‭part‬‭express‬‭and‬‭in‬‭part‬‭implied‬‭.....‬‭and‬‭the‬ ‭offence‬ ‭continues‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭committed‬ ‭so‬ ‭long‬ ‭as‬ ‭the‬ ‭combination‬ ‭persists,‬ ‭that‬ ‭is‬ ‭until‬ ‭the‬ ‭conspiratorial‬ ‭agreement‬ ‭is‬ ‭terminated‬ ‭by‬ ‭completion‬ ‭of‬‭its‬‭performance‬ ‭or by abandonment or frustration or however it may be".‬ ‭41.‬ ‭Section‬ ‭120A,‬ ‭IPC‬ ‭defines‬‭criminal‬‭conspiracy‬‭as‬‭when‬‭two‬‭or‬ ‭more‬ ‭persons‬ ‭agree‬ ‭to‬ ‭do,‬‭or‬‭cause‬‭to‬‭be‬‭done‬‭an‬‭illegal‬‭act‬‭or‬‭an‬‭act‬ ‭which‬ ‭is‬ ‭not‬ ‭illegal‬ ‭by‬ ‭means,‬ ‭such‬ ‭an‬ ‭agreement‬ ‭is‬ ‭designated‬ ‭a‬ ‭criminal‬ ‭conspiracy.‬ ‭The‬ ‭punishment‬ ‭for‬ ‭criminal‬ ‭conspiracy‬ ‭is‬ ‭provided under Section 120B, IPC.‬ ‭42.‬ ‭The‬ ‭key‬ ‭ingredients‬ ‭of‬ ‭IPC‬ ‭Section‬ ‭120B‬ ‭are‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭was‬ ‭a‬ ‭party‬‭to‬‭a‬‭criminal‬‭conspiracy‬‭(as‬‭defined‬‭under‬‭Section‬‭120A)‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭conspiracy‬ ‭falls‬ ‭into‬ ‭one‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭two‬ ‭punishment‬ ‭categories‬ ‭under Section 120B(1) or Section 120B(2).‬ ‭43.‬ ‭To‬ ‭attract‬ ‭Section‬ ‭120B,‬ ‭there‬ ‭must‬ ‭be‬ ‭an‬ ‭agreement‬ ‭between‬ ‭two‬‭or‬‭more‬‭persons‬‭to‬‭do‬‭(or‬‭cause‬‭to‬‭be‬‭done)‬‭an‬‭illegal‬‭act,‬‭or‬‭do‬‭a‬ ‭legal‬ ‭act‬ ‭by‬ ‭illegal‬ ‭means.‬ ‭If‬ ‭the‬ ‭agreement‬ ‭is‬ ‭not‬ ‭an‬ ‭agreement‬ ‭"to‬ ‭commit‬ ‭an‬ ‭offence",‬ ‭then‬ ‭it‬ ‭becomes‬ ‭a‬ ‭criminal‬ ‭conspiracy‬ ‭only‬ ‭if‬ ‭some‬ ‭act‬ ‭(besides‬ ‭the‬ ‭agreement)‬ ‭is‬ ‭done‬ ‭by‬ ‭one‬ ‭or‬ ‭more‬ ‭parties‬ ‭in‬ ‭pursuance of it.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭14‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭44.‬ ‭The‬‭accused‬‭must‬‭be‬‭a‬‭party‬‭to‬‭the‬‭conspiracy.‬‭The‬‭person‬‭must‬ ‭be‬‭shown‬‭to‬‭be‬‭a‬‭party‬‭to‬‭the‬‭criminal‬‭conspiracy.‬‭It‬‭is‬‭the‬‭category‬‭of‬ ‭conspiracy, which decides the punishment under Section 120B:‬ ‭44.1.‬ ‭Conspiracy‬ ‭to‬ ‭commit‬ ‭more‬ ‭serious‬ ‭offences‬ ‭[Section‬ ‭120B(1)]‬ ‭-‬ ‭Conspiracy‬ ‭to‬ ‭commit‬ ‭an‬‭offence‬‭punishable‬ ‭with‬ ‭death,‬ ‭imprisonment‬ ‭for‬ ‭life,‬ ‭or‬ ‭rigorous‬ ‭imprisonment‬‭for‬‭2‬‭years‬‭or‬‭more.‬‭Where‬‭no‬‭express‬‭IPC‬ ‭provision‬ ‭separately‬ ‭punishes‬ ‭that‬ ‭conspiracy,‬ ‭punishment is as if the person had abetted the offence.‬ ‭44.2.‬ ‭Other‬ ‭conspiracies‬ ‭[Section‬ ‭120B(2)]‬ ‭-‬ ‭Any‬ ‭other‬ ‭criminal‬ ‭conspiracy‬ ‭i.e.,‬ ‭not‬ ‭covered‬ ‭by‬ ‭120B(1),‬ ‭the‬ ‭punishment‬ ‭shall‬ ‭be‬ ‭imprisonment‬ ‭up‬ ‭to‬ ‭6‬ ‭months,‬ ‭or‬ ‭fine, or both.‬ ‭45.‬ ‭The‬ ‭Apex‬ ‭Court‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭landmark‬ ‭judgment‬ ‭of‬ ‭State‬ ‭NCT‬ ‭of‬ ‭Delhi‬ ‭v.‬ ‭Navjot‬ ‭Sandhu‬ ‭alias‬ ‭Afshan‬ ‭Guru‬‭7‬ ‭held‬ ‭that‬ ‭criminal‬ ‭conspiracy‬ ‭is‬ ‭primarily‬ ‭proved‬ ‭by‬ ‭circumstantial‬ ‭evidence,‬ ‭requires‬ ‭proof‬ ‭of‬ ‭an‬ ‭agreement‬ ‭to‬ ‭commit‬ ‭an‬ ‭illegal‬ ‭act‬ ‭(not‬ ‭necessarily‬ ‭an‬ ‭overt‬‭act),‬‭and‬‭the‬‭Courts‬‭must‬‭assess‬‭the‬‭cumulative‬‭effect‬‭of‬‭proven‬ ‭circumstances‬ ‭while‬‭ensuring‬‭they‬‭are‬‭clear,‬‭conscious‬‭indicators‬‭of‬‭a‬ ‭common‬‭design.‬‭It‬‭also‬‭ruled‬‭that‬‭non-participant‬‭conspirators‬‭are‬‭not‬ ‭automatically‬ ‭liable‬ ‭for‬ ‭substantive‬ ‭offences‬ ‭committed‬ ‭by‬ ‭other‬ ‭conspirators‬ ‭unless‬ ‭the‬ ‭penal‬ ‭statute‬ ‭specifically‬ ‭provides‬ ‭for‬ ‭such‬ ‭constructive liability.‬ ‭7‬ ‭2005 INSC 333‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭15‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭46.‬ ‭Section‬‭390,‬‭IPC‬‭defines‬‭robbery‬‭as‬‭an‬‭aggravated‬‭form‬‭of‬‭theft‬ ‭or‬ ‭extortion‬ ‭involving‬ ‭immediate‬ ‭violence‬ ‭or‬ ‭the‬ ‭threat‬‭of‬‭immediate‬ ‭violence.‬ ‭47.‬ ‭Under‬ ‭Section‬ ‭390‬ ‭IPC,‬ ‭"in‬ ‭all‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭there‬ ‭is‬ ‭either‬ ‭theft‬ ‭or‬ ‭extortion."Theft‬ ‭becomes‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭if,‬ ‭in‬ ‭order‬ ‭to‬ ‭commit‬ ‭the‬ ‭theft,‬ ‭or‬ ‭while‬‭committing‬‭it,‬‭or‬‭while‬‭carrying‬‭away/attempting‬‭to‬‭carry‬‭away‬ ‭the stolen property, the offender does any of the following for that end:‬ ‭47.1.‬ ‭voluntarily‬ ‭causes‬ ‭or‬ ‭attempts‬ ‭to‬ ‭cause‬ ‭death,‬ ‭hurt,‬ ‭or‬ ‭wrongful restraint, or‬ ‭47.2.‬ ‭causes‬ ‭fear‬ ‭of‬ ‭instant‬ ‭death,‬ ‭instant‬ ‭hurt,‬ ‭or‬ ‭instant‬ ‭wrongful restraint.‬ ‭48.‬ ‭Extortion that becomes robbery if:‬ ‭48.1.‬ ‭the‬‭offender,‬‭at‬‭the‬‭time‬‭of‬‭committing‬‭extortion,‬‭is‬‭in‬‭the‬ ‭presence of the person put in fear, and‬ ‭48.2.‬ ‭commits‬ ‭the‬ ‭extortion‬ ‭by‬ ‭putting‬ ‭that‬ ‭person‬ ‭in‬ ‭fear‬ ‭of‬ ‭instant‬‭death,‬‭instant‬‭hurt,‬‭or‬‭instant‬‭wrongful‬‭restraint‬‭(to‬ ‭that person or some other person), and‬ ‭48.3.‬ ‭by‬ ‭so‬ ‭putting‬ ‭in‬ ‭fear,‬ ‭induces‬ ‭the‬ ‭person‬ ‭to‬ ‭deliver‬ ‭the‬ ‭thing extorted then and there.‬ ‭49.‬ ‭The‬‭explanation‬‭to‬‭Section‬‭390‬‭states‬‭that‬‭an‬‭offender‬‭is‬‭said‬‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭present‬ ‭if‬ ‭he‬ ‭is‬ ‭sufficiently‬ ‭near‬ ‭to‬ ‭put‬ ‭the‬ ‭other‬ ‭person‬ ‭in‬‭fear‬‭of‬ ‭instant death/hurt/wrongful restraint.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭16‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭50.‬ ‭To‬‭establish‬‭an‬‭offence‬‭under‬‭Section‬‭392,‬‭the‬‭prosecution‬‭must‬ ‭prove‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭committed‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭as‬ ‭defined‬ ‭in‬‭Section‬‭390,‬ ‭IPC.‬ ‭The‬ ‭commission‬ ‭of‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭is‬ ‭punished‬ ‭with‬ ‭rigorous‬ ‭imprisonment‬‭for‬‭a‬‭term‬‭which‬‭may‬‭extend‬‭to‬‭ten‬‭years,‬‭and‬‭shall‬‭also‬ ‭be‬ ‭liable‬ ‭to‬ ‭fine;‬ ‭and,‬ ‭if‬ ‭the‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭be‬ ‭committed‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭highway‬ ‭between‬ ‭sunset‬ ‭and‬ ‭sunrise,‬ ‭the‬ ‭imprisonment‬ ‭may‬ ‭be‬ ‭extended‬ ‭to‬ ‭fourteen years.‬ ‭51.‬ ‭Section‬ ‭394,‬ ‭IPC‬ ‭deals‬ ‭with‬ ‭voluntarily‬ ‭causing‬ ‭hurt‬ ‭while‬ ‭committing‬‭or‬‭attempting‬‭to‬‭commit‬‭robbery,‬‭and‬‭it‬‭makes‬‭all‬‭persons‬ ‭jointly‬ ‭concerned‬ ‭in‬ ‭that‬ ‭robbery/attempt‬ ‭liable‬ ‭for‬ ‭enhanced‬ ‭punishment.‬ ‭52.‬ ‭Section‬ ‭394,‬ ‭IPC‬ ‭applies‬ ‭when,‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬‭course‬‭of‬‭committing‬‭or‬ ‭attempting‬ ‭to‬ ‭commit‬ ‭robbery,‬ ‭the‬ ‭offender‬ ‭voluntarily‬ ‭causes‬ ‭hurt.‬ ‭The‬‭section‬‭also‬‭extends‬‭the‬‭same‬‭liability‬‭to‬‭any‬‭other‬‭person‬‭jointly‬ ‭concerned‬‭in‬‭committing‬‭or‬‭attempting‬‭that‬‭robbery,‬‭even‬‭if‬‭that‬‭other‬ ‭person‬ ‭did‬ ‭not‬ ‭personally‬ ‭cause‬ ‭the‬ ‭hurt.‬ ‭The‬ ‭punishment‬ ‭under‬ ‭Section‬‭394,‬‭IPC‬‭is‬‭imprisonment‬‭for‬‭life‬‭or‬‭rigorous‬‭imprisonment‬‭up‬ ‭to‬ ‭10‬ ‭years,‬ ‭and‬ ‭fine.‬ ‭The‬ ‭key‬ ‭ingredients‬‭of‬‭Section‬‭394,‬‭IPC‬‭are‬‭as‬ ‭follows:‬ ‭52.1.‬ ‭Robbery or attempt to commit robbery must be involved.‬ ‭52.2.‬ ‭During‬ ‭such‬ ‭commission/attempt,‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬‭(or‬‭one‬‭of‬ ‭them) must voluntarily cause hurt.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭17‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭52.3.‬ ‭The‬‭accused‬‭must‬‭be‬‭the‬‭person‬‭causing‬‭hurt‬‭or‬‭be‬‭jointly‬ ‭concerned‬ ‭in‬ ‭committing/attempting‬ ‭the‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭(constructive liability).‬ ‭53.‬ ‭Now‬ ‭marching‬ ‭ahead‬ ‭to‬ ‭Section‬ ‭397,‬ ‭IPC‬ ‭provides‬ ‭enhanced‬ ‭punishment‬ ‭where,‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭time‬ ‭of‬ ‭committing‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭or‬ ‭dacoity,‬‭the‬ ‭offender‬‭uses‬‭a‬‭deadly‬‭weapon,‬‭or‬‭causes‬‭grievous‬‭hurt,‬‭or‬‭attempts‬‭to‬ ‭cause‬‭death‬‭or‬‭grievous‬‭hurt;‬‭in‬‭such‬‭cases,‬‭the‬‭imprisonment‬‭shall‬‭not‬ ‭be‬ ‭less‬ ‭than‬ ‭seven‬ ‭years.‬ ‭Section‬ ‭397‬ ‭is‬ ‭an‬ ‭aggravated‬ ‭form‬ ‭of‬ ‭robbery/dacoity,‬ ‭focusing‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭manner‬ ‭of‬ ‭commission‬‭(weapon‬‭use‬ ‭or‬ ‭serious‬ ‭violence/attempt)‬ ‭and‬ ‭mandates‬ ‭a‬ ‭minimum‬ ‭sentence.‬ ‭The‬ ‭core‬ ‭consequences‬ ‭i.e.,‬ ‭the‬ ‭punishment‬ ‭under‬ ‭Section‬ ‭397,‬ ‭IPC‬ ‭is‬ ‭an‬ ‭imprisonment‬ ‭not‬‭less‬‭than‬‭seven‬‭years.‬‭The‬‭essential‬‭key‬‭ingredients‬ ‭of Section 397, IPC are as follows:‬ ‭53.1.‬ ‭Robbery or dacoity is committed.‬ ‭53.2.‬ ‭The‬ ‭aggravating‬‭act‬‭occurs‬‭at‬‭the‬‭time‬‭of‬‭committing‬‭the‬ ‭robbery/dacoity.‬ ‭53.3.‬ ‭The‬ ‭offender,‬ ‭at‬‭that‬‭time,‬‭does‬‭any‬‭one‬‭of‬‭the‬‭following‬ ‭i.e.,‬ ‭uses‬ ‭any‬ ‭deadly‬ ‭weapon,‬ ‭or‬ ‭causes‬ ‭grievous‬ ‭hurt‬ ‭to‬ ‭any‬‭person,‬‭or‬‭attempts‬‭to‬‭cause‬‭death‬‭or‬‭grievous‬‭hurt‬‭to‬ ‭any person.‬ ‭54.‬ ‭Sections‬‭392‬‭and‬‭394‬‭of‬‭the‬‭IPC‬‭penalize‬‭the‬‭act‬‭of‬‭robbery‬‭and‬ ‭causing‬‭hurt‬‭while‬‭committing‬‭robbery.‬‭Section‬‭397‬‭IPC‬‭states‬‭that‬‭if,‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭time‬ ‭of‬ ‭committing‬ ‭robbery,‬ ‭the‬ ‭offender‬ ‭uses‬ ‭any‬ ‭deadly‬ ‭weapon, the imprisonment shall not be less than seven years.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭18‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭55.‬ ‭The‬ ‭term‬ ‭"uses"‬ ‭under‬ ‭Section‬ ‭397‬ ‭IPC‬ ‭has‬ ‭been‬ ‭extensively‬ ‭interpreted‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭Hon'ble‬ ‭Supreme‬ ‭Court‬ ‭in‬ ‭Phool‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭v.‬ ‭Delhi‬ ‭Administration‬‭.‬‭8‬ ‭It was held that -‬ "‭ When‬‭the‬‭offence‬‭of‬‭robbery‬‭is‬‭committed‬‭by‬‭an‬‭offender‬ ‭being‬ ‭armed‬ ‭with‬ ‭a‬ ‭deadly‬ ‭weapon‬ ‭which‬ ‭was‬ ‭within‬ ‭the‬ ‭vision‬‭of‬‭the‬‭victim‬‭so‬‭as‬‭to‬‭be‬‭capable‬‭of‬‭creating‬‭a‬‭terror‬ ‭in‬‭his‬‭mind,‬‭the‬‭offender‬‭must‬‭be‬‭deemed‬‭to‬‭have‬‭used‬‭that‬ ‭deadly weapon in the commission of the robbery."‬ ‭56.‬ ‭Thus,‬ ‭the‬ ‭settled‬ ‭position‬ ‭in‬ ‭law‬ ‭is‬ ‭that‬ ‭actual‬ ‭cutting‬ ‭or‬ ‭stabbing‬ ‭is‬ ‭not‬ ‭the‬ ‭sole‬ ‭criterion,‬ ‭brandishing‬ ‭it‬ ‭to‬ ‭induce‬ ‭fear‬ ‭is‬ ‭sufficient.‬ ‭57.‬ ‭Section‬‭411,‬‭IPC‬‭punishes‬‭a‬‭person‬‭who‬‭dishonestly‬‭receives‬‭or‬ ‭retains‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭property,‬ ‭knowing‬ ‭or‬ ‭having‬ ‭reason‬ ‭to‬ ‭believe‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭property‬ ‭is‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭property.‬ ‭Section‬ ‭411,‬ ‭IPC‬ ‭provides‬ ‭for‬ ‭imprisonment‬ ‭of‬ ‭either‬ ‭description‬ ‭up‬ ‭to‬ ‭three‬ ‭years‬ ‭or‬ ‭fine‬ ‭or‬ ‭both.‬ ‭The‬ ‭key‬ ‭ingredients‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭prosecution‬ ‭to‬ ‭prove‬ ‭commission‬ ‭of‬ ‭an‬ ‭offence punishable under Section 411, IPC are as follows:‬ ‭57.1.‬ ‭The property in question is a stolen property.‬ ‭57.2.‬ ‭The accused received or retained that property.‬ ‭57.3.‬ ‭Such receiving, retention was dishonest.‬ ‭57.4.‬ ‭At‬‭the‬‭time‬‭of‬‭receiving‬‭or‬‭retaining,‬‭the‬‭accused‬‭knew‬‭or‬ ‭had reason to believe the property was stolen.‬ ‭8‬ ‭1975 INSC 68‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭19‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭58.‬ ‭Section‬‭419,‬‭IPC‬‭punishes‬‭cheating‬‭by‬‭personation‬‭i.e.,‬‭where‬‭a‬ ‭person‬ ‭cheats‬ ‭by‬ ‭pretending‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭someone‬ ‭else‬ ‭(or‬ ‭by‬ ‭substituting/representing‬‭another‬‭person‬‭as‬‭someone‬‭they‬‭are‬‭not).‬‭The‬ ‭offence‬ ‭is‬ ‭complete‬ ‭even‬ ‭if‬ ‭the‬ ‭personation‬ ‭relates‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬ ‭real‬ ‭or‬ ‭an‬ ‭imaginary person.‬ ‭59.‬ ‭Section‬ ‭419,‬ ‭IPC‬ ‭provides‬ ‭punishment‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭offence‬ ‭of‬ ‭cheating‬ ‭by‬ ‭personation,‬ ‭as‬ ‭defined‬ ‭in‬ ‭Section‬ ‭416,‬ ‭IPC.‬ ‭It‬ ‭targets‬ ‭deception‬ ‭where‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭gains‬ ‭an‬ ‭advantage‬ ‭or‬ ‭causes‬ ‭wrongful‬ ‭loss‬‭by‬‭falsely‬‭assuming‬‭another's‬‭identity.‬‭Section‬‭419,‬‭IPC‬‭provides‬ ‭punishment‬‭as‬‭imprisonment‬‭of‬‭either‬‭description‬‭up‬‭to‬‭three‬‭years,‬‭or‬ ‭fine,‬‭or‬‭both.‬‭The‬‭key‬‭essential‬‭ingredients‬‭of‬‭Section‬‭419,‬‭IPC‬‭are‬‭as‬ ‭follows:‬ ‭59.1.‬ ‭There‬ ‭must‬ ‭be‬ ‭deception‬ ‭resulting‬ ‭in‬ ‭inducement,‬ ‭likely‬ ‭harm as required for cheating.‬ ‭59.2.‬ ‭The‬ ‭accused‬ ‭must‬ ‭cheat‬ ‭by‬ ‭pretending‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭some‬ ‭other‬ ‭person,‬‭or‬‭knowingly‬‭substituting‬‭one‬‭person‬‭for‬‭another,‬ ‭or representing that he or another person is someone else.‬ ‭59.3.‬ ‭The personation may be of a real or imaginary person.‬ ‭60.‬ ‭Now‬ ‭coming‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭last‬ ‭charged‬ ‭offence,‬ ‭Section‬ ‭420,‬ ‭IPC.‬ ‭Section‬‭420‬‭IPC‬‭deals‬‭with‬‭cheating‬‭and‬‭dishonestly‬‭inducing‬‭delivery‬ ‭of‬‭property‬‭i.e.,‬‭where‬‭deception‬‭is‬‭used‬‭to‬‭cause‬‭a‬‭person‬‭to‬‭part‬‭with‬ ‭property‬‭or‬‭to‬‭deal‬‭with‬‭a‬‭valuable‬‭security,‬‭resulting‬‭in‬‭wrongful‬‭gain‬ ‭or‬ ‭loss.‬ ‭The‬ ‭punishment‬ ‭under‬ ‭Section‬ ‭420,‬ ‭IPC‬ ‭is‬ ‭imprisonment‬ ‭of‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭20‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭either‬ ‭description‬ ‭up‬ ‭to‬ ‭7‬ ‭years,‬ ‭and‬ ‭fine.‬ ‭The‬ ‭key‬ ‭ingredients‬ ‭of‬ ‭Section 420, IPC are as follows:‬ ‭60.1.‬ ‭Cheating‬ ‭of‬ ‭a‬ ‭person‬ ‭as‬ ‭understood‬ ‭under‬ ‭Section‬ ‭415‬ ‭IPC‬ ‭i.e.,‬ ‭deception‬ ‭leading‬ ‭to‬ ‭fraudulent,‬ ‭dishonest‬ ‭inducement‬ ‭or‬ ‭intentional‬ ‭inducement‬ ‭causing,‬ ‭likely‬ ‭causing harm.‬ ‭60.2.‬ ‭The‬ ‭accused‬ ‭dishonestly‬ ‭induces‬ ‭the‬ ‭person‬ ‭deceived‬ ‭to‬ ‭deliver‬ ‭any‬ ‭property‬ ‭to‬ ‭any‬ ‭person,‬ ‭or‬ ‭make,‬ ‭alter,‬ ‭or‬ ‭destroy‬‭the‬‭whole‬‭or‬‭any‬‭part‬‭of‬‭a‬‭valuable‬‭security,‬‭or‬‭do‬ ‭the‬ ‭same‬ ‭in‬ ‭respect‬ ‭of‬ ‭anything‬ ‭signed‬ ‭or‬ ‭sealed‬ ‭and‬ ‭capable of being converted into a valuable security.‬ ‭60.3.‬ ‭The‬ ‭presence‬ ‭of‬ ‭dishonest‬ ‭intention‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭time‬ ‭of‬ ‭inducement to cause wrongful gain or wrongful loss.‬ ‭61.‬ ‭Section 34, IPC reads as under:‬ ‭"‬‭34.‬ ‭Acts‬ ‭done‬ ‭by‬ ‭several‬ ‭persons‬ ‭in‬ ‭furtherance‬ ‭of‬ c‭ ommon‬ ‭intention.--‬‭When‬ ‭a‬ ‭criminal‬ ‭act‬ ‭is‬ ‭done‬ ‭by‬ ‭several‬ ‭persons‬ ‭in‬ ‭furtherance‬ ‭of‬‭the‬‭common‬‭intention‬‭of‬ ‭all,‬ ‭each‬ ‭of‬ ‭such‬ ‭persons‬ ‭is‬ ‭liable‬ ‭for‬ ‭that‬ ‭act‬ ‭in‬‭the‬‭same‬ ‭manner as if it were done by him alone."‬ ‭62.‬ ‭The‬ ‭ingredients‬ ‭of‬ ‭Section‬ ‭34‬ ‭are‬ ‭that‬‭the‬‭accused‬‭persons‬‭had‬ ‭acted‬ ‭in‬ ‭furtherance‬ ‭of‬ ‭their‬ ‭common‬ ‭intention‬ ‭is‬ ‭required‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭proved‬ ‭specifically‬ ‭or‬ ‭by‬ ‭inference‬‭-‬ ‭See‬‭Hamlet‬‭alias‬‭Sasi‬‭&‬‭Ors.‬‭v.‬ ‭State of Kerala‬‭.‭9‬ ‬ ‭9‬ ‭(2003) 10 SCC 108‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭21‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭63.‬ ‭Section‬‭34‬‭IPC‬‭carves‬‭out‬‭an‬‭exception‬‭from‬‭general‬‭law‬‭that‬‭a‬ ‭person‬ ‭is‬ ‭responsible‬ ‭for‬ ‭his‬‭own‬‭act,‬‭as‬‭it‬‭provides‬‭that‬‭a‬‭person‬‭can‬ ‭also‬ ‭be‬ ‭held‬ ‭vicariously‬ ‭responsible‬‭for‬‭the‬‭act‬‭of‬‭others‬‭if‬‭he‬‭has‬‭the‬ ‭"common‬ ‭intention"‬ ‭to‬ ‭commit‬ ‭the‬ ‭offence.‬ ‭The‬ ‭phrase‬ ‭"common‬ ‭intention"‬ ‭implies‬ ‭a‬ ‭pre-arranged‬ ‭plan‬ ‭and‬ ‭acting‬ ‭in‬‭concert‬‭pursuant‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭plan.‬ ‭Thus,‬ ‭the‬ ‭common‬ ‭intention‬ ‭must‬ ‭be‬ ‭there‬ ‭prior‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭commission‬ ‭of‬‭the‬‭offence‬‭in‬‭point‬‭of‬‭time.‬‭The‬‭common‬‭intention‬‭to‬ ‭bring‬ ‭about‬ ‭a‬ ‭particular‬ ‭result‬ ‭may‬ ‭also‬ ‭well‬ ‭develop‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭spot‬ ‭as‬ ‭between‬ ‭a‬ ‭number‬ ‭of‬ ‭persons,‬ ‭with‬ ‭reference‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭facts‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬‭case‬ ‭and‬ ‭circumstances‬ ‭existing‬ ‭thereto.‬ ‭The‬ ‭common‬ ‭intention‬ ‭under‬ ‭Section‬‭34‬‭IPC‬‭is‬‭to‬‭be‬‭understood‬‭in‬‭a‬‭different‬‭sense‬‭from‬‭the‬‭"same‬ ‭intention"‬ ‭or‬ ‭"similar‬ ‭intention"‬ ‭or‬ ‭"common‬ ‭object".‬ ‭The‬ ‭persons‬ ‭having‬ ‭similar‬ ‭intention‬ ‭which‬ ‭is‬ ‭not‬ ‭the‬ ‭result‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭pre-arranged‬ ‭plan‬ ‭cannot‬ ‭be‬ ‭held‬ ‭guilty‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭criminal‬ ‭act‬‭with‬‭the‬‭aid‬‭of‬‭Section‬ ‭34 IPC -‬‭See Mohan Singh & Anr. v. State of Punjab‬‭.‭1‬ 0‬ ‭ nalysis & Findings‬ A ‭64.‬ ‭The‬ ‭case‬ ‭at‬ ‭hand‬ ‭revolves‬ ‭around‬ ‭a‬ ‭robbery‬‭that‬‭took‬‭place‬‭on‬ ‭17.04.2012,‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭residence‬ ‭of‬‭Ms.‬‭Orenponi‬‭Lotha‬‭(PW-12)‬‭and‬‭her‬ ‭French‬ ‭husband,‬ ‭Gilles‬ ‭Cannaud‬ ‭Ribes‬ ‭(PW-13),‬ ‭at‬ ‭D-117,‬ ‭Anand‬ ‭Niketan, New Delhi.‬ ‭65.‬ ‭The‬ ‭key‬ ‭details‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭case‬ ‭are‬ ‭that‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭allegedly‬ ‭entered‬ ‭the‬ ‭house‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭pretext‬ ‭of‬ ‭seeking‬ ‭a‬ ‭job‬ ‭or‬ ‭conducting‬ ‭AC‬ ‭repairs.‬ ‭Once‬ ‭inside,‬ ‭he‬ ‭threatened‬ ‭the‬ ‭maid,‬ ‭Lily‬ ‭Thomas(PW-1),‬ ‭10‬ ‭AIR 1963 SC 174‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭22‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭with‬ ‭a‬ ‭knife,‬ ‭tied‬ ‭her‬ ‭hands‬ ‭behind‬ ‭her‬ ‭back,‬ ‭and‬ ‭gagged‬ ‭her‬ ‭mouth‬ ‭with tape.‬ ‭66.‬ ‭When‬ ‭the‬ ‭homeowner,‬ ‭Ms.‬‭Lotha‬‭(PW-12),‬‭returned,‬‭he‬‭forced‬ ‭her‬ ‭into‬ ‭the‬ ‭bedroom,‬ ‭tied‬ ‭her‬ ‭up‬ ‭as‬ ‭well,‬ ‭and‬ ‭robbed‬ ‭the‬ ‭house‬ ‭of‬ ‭jewellery,‬ ‭cash,‬ ‭foreign‬ ‭passports,‬ ‭and‬ ‭several‬ ‭debit/credit‬ ‭cards.‬ ‭During‬‭the‬‭incident,‬‭Ms.‬‭Lotha‬‭(PW-12)‬‭sustained‬‭a‬‭superficial‬‭cut‬‭and‬ ‭bruises when she tried to grab the knife and escape.‬ ‭67.‬ ‭Following‬ ‭the‬ ‭robbery,‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭and‬ ‭co-accused‬ ‭Rosy,‬ ‭who‬ ‭had‬ ‭previously‬ ‭worked‬ ‭as‬ ‭a‬ ‭maid‬ ‭in‬‭the‬‭victims'‬‭house‬‭used‬‭the‬ ‭stolen‬‭cards‬‭at‬‭multiple‬‭locations.‬‭They‬‭visited‬‭a‬‭departmental‬‭store‬‭in‬ ‭Defence‬ ‭Colony,‬ ‭a‬ ‭Religare‬ ‭Wellness‬ ‭pharmacy,‬ ‭and‬ ‭a‬ ‭garment‬ ‭shop‬ ‭named‬ ‭'Kids‬ ‭Fashion'‬ ‭to‬ ‭illegally‬ ‭purchase‬ ‭clothes,‬ ‭medicines,‬ ‭and‬ ‭household appliances like an oven toaster griller (OTG).‬ ‭68.‬ ‭The‬ ‭police‬ ‭eventually‬ ‭traced‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬ ‭rented‬ ‭room‬ ‭in‬ ‭Chilla‬‭Village,‬‭Mayur‬‭Vihar,‬‭and‬‭arrested‬‭them.‬‭At‬‭the‬‭instance‬‭of‬‭the‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭the‬ ‭police‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭passports,‬ ‭jewellery,‬ ‭foreign‬ ‭cards,‬ ‭the‬ ‭items‬ ‭purchased‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭cards,‬ ‭the‬ ‭cash,‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭knife used as the weapon of offence.‬ ‭69.‬ ‭The‬ ‭co-accused‬ ‭Rosy‬ ‭passed‬ ‭away‬ ‭during‬ ‭the‬ ‭pendency‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭trial‬ ‭in‬ ‭December‬ ‭2018.‬ ‭In‬ ‭his‬ ‭statement‬ ‭under‬ ‭Section‬ ‭313‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭CrPC,‬ ‭the‬ ‭main‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭denied‬ ‭all‬ ‭the‬ ‭charges,‬ ‭claiming‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭police‬ ‭had‬ ‭planted‬ ‭the‬ ‭evidence‬ ‭and‬ ‭falsely‬ ‭framed‬ ‭him‬ ‭because‬ ‭they‬ ‭were‬ ‭under‬ ‭pressure‬ ‭to‬ ‭solve‬ ‭a‬ ‭crime‬ ‭involving‬ ‭French nationals.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭23‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭70.‬ ‭On‬ ‭having‬ ‭carefully‬ ‭gleaned‬ ‭through‬ ‭the‬ ‭testimony‬ ‭of‬ ‭prosecution‬ ‭witnesses,‬ ‭documents‬ ‭exhibited‬ ‭in‬ ‭evidence‬ ‭and‬ ‭considering‬ ‭the‬ ‭weighty‬ ‭arguments‬‭advanced‬‭by‬‭the‬‭learned‬‭APP‬‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭learned‬ ‭defence‬ ‭counsel,‬ ‭the‬ ‭Court‬ ‭is‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭considered‬ ‭opinion‬ ‭that‬‭the‬‭prosecution‬‭has‬‭built‬‭a‬‭strong‬‭and‬‭comprehensive‬‭case‬‭against‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar,‬ ‭successfully‬ ‭proving‬ ‭the‬ ‭majority‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭charges‬ ‭through‬ ‭a‬ ‭chain‬ ‭of‬ ‭corroborated‬ ‭eyewitness‬ ‭testimonies,‬ ‭forensic/medical evidence, and substantial recoveries.‬ ‭71.‬ ‭An‬‭analysis‬‭of‬‭how‬‭the‬‭prosecution‬‭proved‬‭the‬‭specific‬‭charges‬ ‭against‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭of‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭and‬ ‭causing‬ ‭hurt‬‭11‬‭,‬ ‭use‬ ‭of‬ ‭deadly‬ ‭weapon‬‭12‬‭,‬ ‭impersonation‬ ‭and‬ ‭cheating‬‭13‬ ‭and‬ ‭retention‬ ‭of‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭property‬‭14‬ ‭will follow in the ensuing paragraphs of‬‭this judgment.‬ ‭72.‬ ‭Robbery‬ ‭and‬ ‭Causing‬ ‭Hurt‬ ‭(Sections‬ ‭392,‬ ‭394‬ ‭read‬ ‭with‬‭120B‬ ‭IPC)‬‭:‬ ‭The‬ ‭prosecution‬ ‭successfully‬ ‭proved‬ ‭the‬ ‭core‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭and‬ ‭conspiracy‬ ‭charges‬ ‭through‬ ‭the‬ ‭direct‬ ‭eyewitness‬ ‭testimonies‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭victims, Lily Thomas (PW-1) and Ms. Orenponi Lotha (PW-12).‬ ‭73.‬ ‭Both‬ ‭witnesses‬ ‭gave‬ ‭consistent‬ ‭accounts‬ ‭of‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭entering‬ ‭the‬‭house,‬‭tying‬‭their‬‭hands,‬‭gagging‬‭their‬‭mouths‬‭with‬‭tape,‬ ‭and‬‭robbing‬‭the‬‭house‬‭of‬‭jewellery,‬‭foreign‬‭passports,‬‭and‬‭bank‬‭cards.‬ ‭The‬ ‭charge‬ ‭of‬ ‭causing‬ ‭hurt‬ ‭(Section‬ ‭394)‬ ‭is‬ ‭corroborated‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭medical‬‭evidence.‬‭Dr.‬‭Rakesh‬‭Singh‬‭(PW-35)‬‭examined‬‭Ms.‬‭Lotha‬‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭day‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭incident‬ ‭and‬ ‭confirmed‬ ‭she‬ ‭sustained‬ ‭bruises‬ ‭and‬ ‭a‬ ‭11‬ ‭ ection 392, 394 read with Section 120B, IPC‬ S ‭12‬ ‭Section 397, IPC‬ ‭13‬ ‭Section 419, 420, IPC‬ ‭14‬ ‭Section 411, IPC‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭24‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭superficial‬ ‭cut‬ ‭on‬ ‭her‬ ‭left‬ ‭hand‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭scuffle,‬ ‭injuries‬ ‭consistent‬ ‭with a sharp weapon and physical assault.‬ ‭74.‬ ‭Use‬ ‭of‬ ‭a‬ ‭Deadly‬ ‭Weapon‬ ‭(Section‬ ‭397‬ ‭IPC)‬‭:‬ ‭The‬ ‭defence‬ ‭argued‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭weapon‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭was‬ ‭an‬ ‭ordinary‬ ‭kitchen‬ ‭knife,‬ ‭implying‬ ‭it‬ ‭should‬ ‭not‬ ‭attract‬ ‭the‬ ‭severe‬ ‭penalties‬ ‭of‬ ‭Section‬ ‭397.‬ ‭However,‬ ‭PW-1‬ ‭testified‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬‭accused‬‭brandished‬‭a‬‭"big‬‭knife"‬‭to‬ ‭terrorize‬‭her‬‭into‬‭silence,‬‭and‬‭PW-12‬‭confirmed‬‭he‬‭threatened‬‭her‬‭with‬ ‭it and used it to force her into the bedroom.‬ ‭75.‬ ‭Under‬ ‭established‬ ‭legal‬ ‭precedent‬ ‭of‬ ‭Phool‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭v.‬ ‭Delhi‬ ‭Administration‬‭,‬‭15‬ ‭mere‬ ‭exhibition‬ ‭or‬ ‭brandishing‬ ‭of‬ ‭a‬ ‭deadly‬‭weapon‬ ‭to‬ ‭create‬ ‭terror‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭mind‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭victim‬ ‭is‬ ‭sufficient‬ ‭to‬ ‭constitute‬ ‭"use"‬ ‭under‬ ‭Section‬ ‭397‬ ‭IPC.‬ ‭Actual‬ ‭stabbing‬ ‭or‬ ‭cutting‬ ‭is‬ ‭not‬ ‭required.‬ ‭The‬ ‭argument‬ ‭urged‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭learned‬ ‭defence‬ ‭counsel‬ ‭about‬ ‭the‬‭knife‬‭recovered,‬ ‭kitchen‬‭knife‬‭v.‬‭big‬‭knife‬ ‭loses‬‭its‬‭sheen,‬‭because‬ ‭knife‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭knife.‬ ‭Further,‬ ‭the‬ ‭defence‬ ‭has‬ ‭failed‬ ‭to‬ ‭lead‬ ‭any‬ ‭defence‬ ‭contrary‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭fact‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬‭Ashok‬‭Kumar‬‭alias‬‭Viraj‬‭had‬‭no‬ ‭knife‬ ‭in‬ ‭his‬ ‭possession‬ ‭or‬ ‭had‬ ‭some‬ ‭disability‬ ‭to‬ ‭use‬ ‭and‬ ‭possess‬ ‭a‬ ‭knife.‬ ‭Therefore,‬ ‭this‬ ‭Court‬ ‭holds‬ ‭that‬ ‭prosecution‬ ‭has‬ ‭firmly‬ ‭established this charge against the accused.‬ ‭76.‬ ‭Impersonation‬ ‭and‬ ‭Cheating‬ ‭(Sections‬ ‭419‬ ‭and‬ ‭420‬ ‭IPC)‬‭:‬ ‭The‬ ‭prosecution‬ ‭provided‬ ‭airtight‬ ‭evidence‬ ‭that‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭and‬ ‭Rosy‬ ‭used‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭debit‬ ‭and‬ ‭credit‬ ‭cards‬ ‭belonging‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭victim's‬ ‭husband,‬‭Gilles‬‭Cannaud‬‭Ribes,‬‭an‬‭Air-Bus‬‭executive,‬‭shortly‬‭after‬‭the‬ ‭robbery.‬ ‭The‬ ‭Court‬ ‭cannot‬ ‭wish‬ ‭away‬ ‭that‬ ‭multiple‬ ‭independent‬ ‭15‬ ‭1975 INSC 68‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭25‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭shopkeepers‬ ‭testified‬ ‭against‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused.‬ ‭Manoj‬ ‭Gupta‬ ‭(PW-2)‬ ‭identified‬‭Ashok‬‭and‬‭Rosy‬‭purchasing‬‭Morphy‬‭Richards,‬‭oven‬‭toaster‬ ‭griller‬ ‭(OTG)‬ ‭and‬ ‭other‬ ‭items‬ ‭at‬ ‭his‬ ‭Defence‬ ‭Colony‬‭store.‬‭He‬‭noted‬ ‭that‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭used‬ ‭a‬ ‭foreigner's‬ ‭debit‬ ‭card‬ ‭and‬ ‭forged‬ ‭the‬ ‭signature‬ ‭as‬ ‭Viraj‬‭.‬‭Further,‬‭the‬‭recovery‬‭of‬‭the‬‭warranty‬‭card‬‭of‬‭the‬‭OTG‬‭from‬‭the‬ ‭accused's‬ ‭place‬ ‭corroborates‬ ‭the‬ ‭same‬ ‭and‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭key‬ ‭nail‬ ‭in‬ ‭strengthening the guilt of the accused.‬ ‭77.‬ ‭Braham‬ ‭Prakash‬ ‭(PW-7)‬ ‭and‬ ‭Anil‬ ‭Aggarwal‬ ‭(PW-11),‬ ‭both‬ ‭identified‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭using‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭cards‬ ‭to‬ ‭buy‬‭medicines‬‭and‬ ‭clothing,‬ ‭with‬ ‭transaction‬ ‭slips‬ ‭showing‬ ‭declined‬ ‭and‬ ‭successful‬ ‭swipes.‬ ‭This‬ ‭trail‬ ‭of‬ ‭electronic‬ ‭transactions‬ ‭and‬ ‭matching‬ ‭forged‬ ‭signatures‬ ‭heavily‬ ‭corroborates‬ ‭the‬ ‭cheating‬ ‭and‬ ‭impersonation‬ ‭charges against the accused by the prosecution.‬ ‭78.‬ ‭Retention‬ ‭of‬ ‭Stolen‬ ‭Property‬ ‭(Section‬ ‭411‬ ‭IPC)‬‭:‬ ‭The‬ ‭recovery‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭goods‬ ‭heavily‬ ‭incriminates‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭alias‬‭Viraj.‬‭Police,‬‭alongside‬‭a‬‭public‬‭witness,‬‭Prithi‬‭Singh‬‭(PW-4),‬‭the‬ ‭father‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused's‬ ‭landlord,‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭the‬ ‭exact‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭items,‬ ‭including‬ ‭the‬ ‭French‬ ‭passports,‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭jewellery,‬ ‭foreign‬ ‭bank‬ ‭cards,‬ ‭the‬ ‭weapon‬ ‭of‬ ‭offence,‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭newly‬ ‭purchased‬ ‭OTG‬ ‭and‬ ‭clothing‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭rented‬ ‭room‬ ‭in‬ ‭Chilla‬ ‭Village‬ ‭where‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭and‬ ‭Rosy‬ ‭lived‬ ‭together.‬ ‭79.‬ ‭The‬ ‭primary‬ ‭defence‬ ‭raised‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭in‬ ‭his‬ ‭Section‬ ‭313‬ ‭CrPC‬‭statement‬‭was‬‭that‬‭he‬‭was‬‭falsely‬‭framed‬‭under‬‭pressure‬‭to‬‭solve‬ ‭a‬ ‭crime‬ ‭involving‬ ‭French‬ ‭nationals,‬ ‭that‬ ‭evidence‬ ‭was‬ ‭planted,‬ ‭and‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭26‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭test‬ ‭identification‬ ‭parade‬ ‭(TIP)‬ ‭was‬ ‭meaningless‬ ‭because‬ ‭he‬ ‭was shown to the witnesses beforehand at the police station.‬ ‭80.‬ ‭While‬ ‭it‬ ‭is‬ ‭true‬ ‭that‬ ‭PW-1‬ ‭and‬ ‭PW-12‬ ‭admitted‬ ‭to‬ ‭seeing‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭police‬ ‭station‬ ‭prior‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭formal‬ ‭TIP,‬‭which‬‭normally‬ ‭weakens‬ ‭the‬‭value‬‭of‬‭court‬‭identification,‬‭there‬‭is‬‭a‬‭crucial‬‭mitigating‬ ‭factor‬ ‭in‬ ‭this‬ ‭specific‬ ‭case.‬ ‭Ms.‬ ‭Lotha‬ ‭(PW-12)‬ ‭testified‬ ‭that‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭was‬ ‭not‬ ‭a‬ ‭complete‬ ‭stranger,‬ ‭as‬ ‭he‬ ‭had‬ ‭previously‬‭visited‬‭her‬ ‭house‬ ‭for‬ ‭around‬ ‭a‬ ‭week‬ ‭to‬ ‭accompany‬ ‭his‬ ‭wife,‬ ‭Rosy,‬ ‭who‬ ‭was‬ ‭the‬ ‭former‬ ‭maid.‬ ‭Because‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬‭was‬‭already‬‭known‬‭to‬‭the‬‭victims,‬ ‭the‬‭refusal‬‭of‬‭the‬‭TIP‬‭and‬‭the‬‭pre-trial‬‭sighting‬‭at‬‭the‬‭police‬‭station‬‭do‬ ‭not fatally damage the prosecution's case.‬ ‭81.‬ ‭On‬ ‭evaluating‬ ‭the‬ ‭defence‬ ‭claims‬ ‭and‬ ‭valiant‬ ‭attempt‬ ‭to‬ ‭poke‬ ‭holes‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭prosecution's‬ ‭case,‬ ‭the‬ ‭Court‬ ‭finds‬ ‭that‬ ‭despite‬ ‭minor‬ ‭investigative‬ ‭lapses,‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭the‬ ‭failure‬ ‭to‬ ‭join‬ ‭more‬ ‭independent‬ ‭public‬ ‭witnesses‬ ‭during‬ ‭the‬ ‭recovery‬ ‭at‬ ‭Chilla‬ ‭Village,‬ ‭the‬ ‭prosecution's case is highly compelling.‬ ‭82.‬ ‭The‬ ‭unbroken‬ ‭chain‬ ‭of‬ ‭events,‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭direct‬ ‭eyewitness‬ ‭accounts‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬‭immediate‬‭fraudulent‬‭use‬‭of‬‭the‬‭stolen‬ ‭cards‬ ‭at‬ ‭multiple‬ ‭locations,‬ ‭culminating‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭recovery‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭passports‬ ‭and‬ ‭purchased‬ ‭goods‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar's‬ ‭residence, proves the charges against him beyond a reasonable doubt.‬ ‭83.‬ ‭With‬‭all‬‭due‬‭deference‬‭and‬‭humility‬‭at‬‭my‬‭command,‬‭the‬‭Court‬ ‭is‬ ‭in‬ ‭full‬ ‭concurrence‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬ ‭legal‬ ‭principles‬ ‭as‬ ‭culled‬ ‭out‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭27‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭Apex‬ ‭Court‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭case‬ ‭of‬ ‭Wahid‬ ‭v.‬ ‭State‬ ‭Govt.‬ ‭of‬ ‭NCT‬ ‭of‬ ‭Delhi‬‭.‭1‬ 6‬ ‭However,‬‭the‬‭same‬‭does‬‭not‬‭come‬‭to‬‭the‬‭rescue‬‭of‬‭the‬‭accused,‬‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar alias Viraj.‬ ‭84.‬ ‭In‬ ‭Wahid's‬‭case‬‭,‬‭the‬‭Hon'ble‬‭Supreme‬‭Court‬‭held‬‭that,‬‭although‬ ‭a‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭occurred,‬ ‭the‬ ‭prosecution‬ ‭failed‬ ‭to‬ ‭reliably‬ ‭prove‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭appellants‬ ‭were‬ ‭the‬ ‭robbers,‬ ‭so‬ ‭they‬ ‭were‬ ‭entitled‬ ‭to‬ ‭acquittal‬ ‭on‬ ‭benefit‬ ‭of‬ ‭doubt.‬ ‭The‬ ‭Apex‬ ‭Court‬ ‭observed‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭evidence‬ ‭established‬ ‭that‬‭four‬‭persons‬‭robbed‬‭passengers‬‭of‬‭a‬‭Gramin‬‭Sewa‬‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭night‬ ‭of‬ ‭03.12.2011‬ ‭using‬ ‭weapons‬ ‭to‬ ‭threaten‬ ‭them.‬ ‭However,‬ ‭mere‬‭proof‬‭of‬‭robbery‬‭was‬‭held‬‭insufficient‬‭because‬‭it‬‭was‬‭not‬‭proved‬ ‭that the appellants were the perpetrators.‬ ‭85.‬ ‭The‬ ‭Apex‬ ‭Court‬ ‭held‬ ‭that‬ ‭where‬ ‭FIR‬ ‭is‬ ‭against‬ ‭unknown‬ ‭persons‬ ‭and‬ ‭witnesses‬ ‭did‬ ‭not‬ ‭know‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭the‬ ‭Courts‬ ‭must‬ ‭closely‬ ‭scrutinize‬ ‭how‬ ‭police‬ ‭got‬ ‭clues,‬ ‭how‬ ‭arrests‬ ‭happened,‬ ‭how‬ ‭identification‬ ‭was‬‭made,‬‭and‬‭whether‬‭recoveries‬‭corroborate‬‭the‬‭case.‬ ‭The‬ ‭Apex‬ ‭Court‬ ‭also‬‭observed‬‭that‬‭the‬‭arrest‬‭story‬‭of‬‭the‬‭prosecution‬ ‭was‬ ‭improbable.‬ ‭The‬ ‭version‬ ‭that‬ ‭PW-1‬ ‭spotted‬ ‭all‬ ‭four‬ ‭unrelated‬ ‭accused‬ ‭together‬ ‭near‬ ‭a‬ ‭bus‬ ‭depot‬ ‭close‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬ ‭police‬ ‭station‬ ‭two‬ ‭days‬ ‭later,‬ ‭at‬ ‭a‬ ‭late‬‭winter‬‭hour,‬‭and‬‭with‬‭similar‬‭weapons,‬‭was‬‭found‬‭"too‬ ‭well-crafted" and improbable.‬ ‭86.‬ ‭The‬‭Apex‬‭Court‬‭also‬‭held‬‭that‬‭the‬‭absence‬‭of‬‭recovery‬‭of‬‭looted‬ ‭articles‬ ‭from‬ ‭and/or‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭instance‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭appellants‬ ‭weakened‬ ‭the‬ ‭prosecution,‬‭especially‬‭as‬‭the‬‭Trial‬‭Court‬‭had‬‭acquitted‬‭on‬‭the‬‭Section‬ ‭411‬ ‭IPC‬ ‭charge.‬ ‭The‬ ‭Apex‬ ‭Court‬ ‭also‬ ‭ruled‬ ‭that‬ ‭there‬ ‭were‬ ‭material‬ ‭16‬ ‭2025 INSC 145‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭28‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭inconsistencies‬ ‭on‬ ‭arrest,‬ ‭discrepancies‬ ‭between‬ ‭police‬ ‭witnesses‬ ‭about‬ ‭where,‬ ‭when‬ ‭the‬ ‭prosecution‬ ‭witness‬ ‭(PW-1)‬ ‭gave‬ ‭information‬ ‭about‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭and‬ ‭lack‬ ‭of‬ ‭diary‬ ‭entry‬ ‭for‬ ‭such‬ ‭information‬ ‭undermined credibility of the alleged arrest procedure.‬ ‭87.‬ ‭The‬‭Apex‬‭Court‬‭ruled‬‭in‬‭favour‬‭of‬‭the‬‭accused‬‭by‬‭extending‬‭the‬ ‭benefit‬ ‭of‬ ‭doubt,‬ ‭given‬ ‭the‬ ‭doubtful‬ ‭arrest,‬ ‭unreliable‬ ‭identification,‬ ‭and‬ ‭lack‬ ‭of‬ ‭corroborative‬ ‭recovery‬ ‭of‬ ‭looted‬ ‭property,‬ ‭the‬ ‭appellants‬ ‭should‬‭have‬‭been‬‭given‬‭benefit‬‭of‬‭doubt.‬‭Accordingly,‬‭the‬‭Apex‬‭Court‬ ‭set‬‭aside‬‭the‬‭High‬‭Court‬‭judgment‬‭and‬‭the‬‭appeals‬‭were‬‭allowed.‬‭The‬ ‭ratio‬ ‭of‬ ‭Wahid's‬ ‭case‬ ‭as‬ ‭thrust‬‭by‬‭the‬‭learned‬‭defence‬‭counsel‬‭cannot‬ ‭be‬ ‭applied‬ ‭as‬ ‭Euclid's‬ ‭theorem‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭case‬ ‭at‬‭hand‬‭as‬‭the‬‭facts‬‭of‬‭the‬ ‭case are clearly distinguishable.‬ ‭88.‬ ‭Having‬ ‭carefully‬ ‭perused‬ ‭the‬ ‭evidence,‬ ‭this‬ ‭Court‬ ‭finds‬ ‭the‬ ‭testimonies‬ ‭of‬ ‭PW-1‬ ‭and‬ ‭PW-12‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭wholly‬ ‭reliable,‬ ‭natural,‬ ‭and‬ ‭corroborative.‬ ‭Both‬ ‭witnesses‬ ‭consistently‬ ‭deposed‬ ‭about‬ ‭the‬ ‭intrusion,‬ ‭the‬ ‭tying‬ ‭of‬ ‭their‬ ‭hands,‬ ‭the‬ ‭gagging‬ ‭with‬ ‭tape,‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭looting‬ ‭of‬ ‭valuables.‬ ‭PW-12‬ ‭specifically‬ ‭deposed‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭pulled‬ ‭her‬ ‭roughly‬ ‭and‬ ‭kicked‬ ‭her‬‭when‬‭she‬‭tried‬‭to‬‭snatch‬‭the‬‭knife,‬ ‭an‬‭account‬‭fully‬‭corroborated‬‭by‬‭the‬‭medical‬‭evidence‬‭(MLC)‬‭proved‬ ‭by PW-35, Dr. Rakesh Singh.‬ ‭89.‬ ‭Addressing‬‭the‬‭defence‬‭argument‬‭regarding‬‭the‬‭TIP‬‭refusal,‬‭the‬ ‭Court‬‭finds‬‭and‬‭holds‬‭the‬‭same‬‭to‬‭be‬‭sans‬‭merit.‬‭PW-12‬‭unequivocally‬ ‭stated‬ ‭that‬ ‭she‬‭already‬‭knew‬‭the‬‭accused,‬‭as‬‭he‬‭had‬‭previously‬‭stayed‬ ‭at‬ ‭her‬ ‭house‬ ‭for‬ ‭a‬ ‭week‬ ‭to‬ ‭assist‬ ‭his‬ ‭wife,‬ ‭Rosy,‬ ‭the‬ ‭former‬ ‭maid.‬ ‭When‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused‬ ‭is‬ ‭previously‬ ‭known‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭victim,‬ ‭formal‬ ‭TIP‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭29‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭proceedings‬ ‭lose‬ ‭their‬ ‭primary‬ ‭significance,‬ ‭and‬ ‭identification‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭Court is sufficient.‬ ‭90.‬ ‭Regarding‬ ‭the‬ ‭applicability‬ ‭of‬ ‭Section‬ ‭397‬ ‭IPC,‬ ‭the‬ ‭defence‬ ‭argued‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭weapon‬ ‭was‬ ‭an‬ ‭ordinary‬ ‭kitchen‬ ‭knife.‬ ‭However,‬‭PW-1‬‭categorically‬‭stated‬‭that‬‭the‬‭accused‬‭brandished‬‭a‬‭"big‬ ‭knife,"‬‭which‬‭was‬‭larger‬‭than‬‭a‬‭normal‬‭vegetable‬‭knife.‬‭Following‬‭the‬ ‭dictum‬ ‭in‬ ‭Phool‬ ‭Kumar's‬ ‭case‬‭,‭1‬ 7‬ ‭the‬ ‭exhibition‬ ‭of‬ ‭this‬ ‭large‬ ‭knife‬ ‭to‬ ‭terrorize‬‭the‬‭victims‬‭and‬‭force‬‭them‬‭into‬‭submission‬‭perfectly‬‭satisfies‬ ‭the legal definition of "using a deadly weapon".‬ ‭91.‬ ‭The‬‭charges‬‭of‬‭cheating‬‭and‬‭impersonation‬‭under‬‭Sections‬‭419,‬ ‭420‬ ‭IPC‬ ‭are‬ ‭conclusively‬ ‭proven.‬ ‭The‬‭accused,‬‭immediately‬‭after‬‭the‬ ‭robbery,‬‭went‬‭on‬‭a‬‭shopping‬‭spree‬‭using‬‭the‬‭stolen‬‭cards.‬‭Independent‬ ‭witnesses‬ ‭PW-2,‬ ‭PW-7,‬ ‭and‬ ‭PW-11‬ ‭identified‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭as‬ ‭the‬ ‭person‬ ‭who‬ ‭purchased‬ ‭goods‬ ‭and‬ ‭signed‬ ‭the‬ ‭transaction‬ ‭slips‬ ‭as‬ ‭"Viraj".‬ ‭This‬ ‭is‬ ‭further‬ ‭cemented‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭FSL‬ ‭report‬ ‭(PW-33)‬ ‭confirming the forged signatures matched the accused's handwriting.‬ ‭92.‬ ‭The‬ ‭recovery‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭passports,‬ ‭jewellery,‬ ‭and‬ ‭newly‬ ‭purchased‬‭goods‬‭from‬‭the‬‭accused's‬‭rented‬‭room,‬‭proved‬‭by‬‭the‬‭public‬ ‭witness‬‭PW-4,‬‭squarely‬‭establishes‬‭the‬‭offence‬‭under‬‭Section‬‭411‬‭IPC.‬ ‭The‬‭accused‬‭failed‬‭to‬‭furnish‬‭any‬‭plausible‬‭explanation‬‭for‬‭possessing‬ ‭the stolen items and the forged cards.‬ ‭93.‬ ‭The‬ ‭entire‬ ‭chain‬ ‭of‬ ‭circumstances‬ ‭i.e.,‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭forceful‬ ‭entry,‬ ‭the‬ ‭violent‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭with‬ ‭a‬ ‭deadly‬ ‭weapon,‬ ‭the‬ ‭fraudulent‬ ‭use‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭17‬ ‭1975 INSC 68‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭30‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭victim's‬ ‭cards,‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭recovery‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭and‬ ‭purchased‬ ‭items‬ ‭stands‬ ‭proved‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬‭prosecution‬‭beyond‬‭any‬‭shadow‬‭of‬‭a‬‭reasonable‬ ‭doubt.‬ ‭ ecision‬ D ‭94.‬ ‭In‬ ‭view‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭above‬ ‭observations‬ ‭and‬ ‭findings,‬ ‭the‬ ‭final‬ ‭decision of the Court is as below:‬ ‭94.1.‬ ‭The‬ ‭proceedings‬ ‭against‬ ‭co-accused‬ ‭Rosy‬ ‭stand‬ ‭abated‬ ‭due to her death.‬‭18‬ ‭94.2.‬ ‭The‬‭accused,‬‭Ashok‬‭Kumar‬‭@‬‭Viraj,‬‭is‬‭convicted‬‭for‬‭the‬ ‭offence‬ ‭of‬ ‭criminal‬ ‭conspiracy‬ ‭punishable‬ ‭under‬ ‭Section‬ ‭120B IPC.‬ ‭94.3.‬ ‭The‬‭accused,‬‭Ashok‬‭Kumar‬‭@‬‭Viraj,‬‭is‬‭convicted‬‭for‬‭the‬ ‭offences‬ ‭of‬ ‭robbery‬ ‭and‬ ‭causing‬ ‭hurt‬ ‭in‬ ‭committing‬ ‭robbery,‬‭punishable‬‭under‬‭Sections‬‭392‬‭and‬‭394‬‭read‬‭with‬ ‭Section 120B IPC.‬ ‭94.4.‬ ‭The‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭@‬ ‭Viraj,‬ ‭is‬ ‭convicted‬ ‭for‬ ‭using‬ ‭a‬ ‭deadly‬ ‭weapon‬‭during‬‭robbery,‬‭punishable‬‭under‬ ‭Section 397 IPC.‬ ‭94.5.‬ ‭The‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭@‬ ‭Viraj,‬ ‭is‬ ‭convicted‬ ‭for‬ ‭cheating‬ ‭by‬ ‭impersonation,‬ ‭punishable‬ ‭under‬ ‭Sections‬ ‭419 and 420 read with Section 120B IPC.‬ ‭18‬ ‭Proceedings against accused, Rosy abated‬‭vide‬‭order‬‭dated 08.08.2019‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭31‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭94.6.‬ ‭The‬ ‭accused,‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar‬ ‭@‬ ‭Viraj,‬ ‭is‬ ‭convicted‬ ‭for‬ ‭retaining‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭property,‬ ‭punishable‬ ‭under‬ ‭Section‬ ‭411‬ ‭IPC.‬ ‭95.‬ ‭Let‬ ‭a‬ ‭copy‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭judgment‬ ‭be‬ ‭provided‬ ‭to‬ ‭accused‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar alias Viraj free of cost.‬ ‭96.‬ ‭Now,‬ ‭to‬ ‭come‬ ‭up‬ ‭on‬ ‭04.05.2026‬ ‭at‬ ‭2:00P.M.‬ ‭for‬ ‭hearing‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused,‬‭Ashok‬‭Kumar‬‭alias‬‭Viraj‬‭on‬‭the‬‭quantum‬‭of‬‭sentence.‬‭Let‬‭the‬ ‭nominal‬ ‭roll‬ ‭of‬ ‭accused‬ ‭be‬ ‭called‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭Office‬ ‭of‬ ‭concerned‬ ‭Jail‬ ‭Superintendent for 04.05.2026, without fail.‬ Digitally signed by Hargurvarinder Hargurvarinder Singh jaggi Singh jaggi Date:

2026.04.30 16:32:53 +0530 ‭ ronounced‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭open‬ ‭Court‬ P (‭ Hargurvarinder Singh Jaggi)‬ ‭on April 30, 2026‬ ‭Addl. Sessions Judge (FTC-01)‬ ‭South District‬ ‭Saket Courts, New Delhi‬ ‭ ote‬‭:‬ ‭This‬ ‭judgment‬ ‭comprises‬ ‭of‬ ‭49‬ ‭pages‬ ‭in‬ ‭total.‬ ‭The‬‭electronic‬‭signature‬‭certificate‬‭(digital‬ N ‭signature)‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Presiding‬‭Officer‬‭has‬‭been‬‭appended‬‭on‬‭page‬‭No.‬‭30‬‭of‬‭the‬‭electronic‬‭or‬‭digital‬ ‭copy (PDF) of this document.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭32‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭Appendix‬ ‭Form-B‬ ‭S.No.‬ ‭Rank of the‬ ‭Name of the‬ ‭ ate of‬ D ‭Date of‬ ‭ ffences‬ O ‭Whether‬ ‭ entence‬ S ‭Period of‬ ‭Accused‬ ‭Accused‬ ‭Arrest‬ ‭ elease‬ R ‭Charged‬ ‭Acquitted‬ ‭Imposed‬ ‭ etention‬ d ‭on Bail‬ ‭or‬ ‭undergone‬ ‭Convicted‬ ‭during Trial‬ ‭for purpose‬ ‭of Section‬ ‭428 CrPC ::‬ ‭468 BNSS‬ ‭A1‬ ‭ shok‬ A 1‭ 20B,‬ ‭Convicted‬ ‭Kumar‬ 2‭ 1.04‬ ‭392,‬ ‭i.‬ ‭alias Viraj‬ ‭.2012‬ ‭394,‬ ‭397,‬ ‭411,‬ ‭419,‬ ‭420‬‭r/w‬ ‭34 IPC‬ ‭A2‬ ‭Rosy [D]‬‭19‬ 1‭ 20B,‬ ‭Abated‬‭20‬ 2‭ 1.04‬ ‭392,‬ ‭ii.‬ ‭.2012‬ ‭394,‬ ‭397,‬ ‭411,‬ ‭419,‬ ‭420‬‭r/w‬ ‭34 IPC‬ ‭19‬ ‭ roceedings abated‬‭vide‬‭order dated 08.08.2019‬ P ‭20‬ ‭ibid.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭33‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭Form-C‬ ‭ ist of Prosecution / Defence / Court Witnesses‬ L ‭A.‬‭Prosecution‬ ‭ ank‬ R ‭Witness Name‬ ‭Nature of Evidence‬ ‭PW-1‬ ‭Smt. Lilly Thomas‬ ‭ aid‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭site‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭incident.‬ M ‭Witness‬‭to‬‭the‬‭robbery;‬‭identified‬ ‭accused Ashok Kumar.‬ ‭PW-2‬ ‭Manoj Gupta‬ ‭ hopkeeper‬ ‭at‬ ‭"Defence‬ ‭Store".‬ S ‭Testimony‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭accused‬ ‭purchasing‬ ‭items‬ ‭using‬ ‭a‬ ‭foreigner's debit card.‬ ‭PW-3‬ ‭Mahesh Prasad‬ ‭ river‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭employer‬ ‭(Ms.‬ ‭O.‬ D ‭Lotha).‬ ‭Discovered‬ ‭the‬ ‭victims‬ ‭tied up and alerted the police.‬ ‭PW-4‬ ‭Sh. Prithvi Singh‬ ‭ ather‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused's‬ ‭landlord.‬ F ‭Witness‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭recovery‬‭of‬‭stolen‬ ‭jewelry,‬ ‭articles,‬ ‭a‬ ‭knife,‬ ‭and‬ ‭a‬ ‭motorcycle‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused's‬ ‭rented room.‬ ‭PW-5‬ ‭HC Dharam Singh‬ ‭ uty‬ ‭Officer‬ ‭at‬ ‭PS‬ ‭South‬ D ‭Campus.‬ ‭Lodged‬ ‭the‬ ‭FIR‬ ‭(No.‬ ‭45/12).‬ ‭PW-6‬ ‭Ms. Shivani‬ ‭ harmacist‬ ‭at‬ ‭Religare‬ ‭Wellness.‬ P ‭Testimony‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭a‬ ‭lady‬ ‭(accompanied‬ ‭by‬ ‭a‬ ‭boy)‬ ‭purchasing‬ ‭medicines‬ ‭with‬ ‭a‬ ‭credit card.‬ ‭PW-7‬ ‭Sh. Braham Prakash‬ ‭ harmacist‬ ‭at‬ ‭Religare‬ ‭Wellness.‬ P ‭Identified‬ ‭both‬ ‭accused‬ ‭(Ashok‬ ‭and‬ ‭Rosy)‬ ‭as‬ ‭the‬ ‭persons‬ ‭who‬ ‭purchased‬ ‭items‬ ‭with‬ ‭a‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭credit card.‬ ‭PW-8‬ ‭Sh. Sidharth Malhotra‬ ‭ dvance‬ A ‭Wealth‬ ‭Manager,‬ ‭HSBC.‬ ‭Provided‬ ‭bank‬ ‭records‬ ‭and‬ ‭debit‬ ‭card‬ ‭statements‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭victim's account.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭34‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭ ank‬ R ‭ itness Name‬ W ‭ ature of Evidence‬ N ‭PW-9‬ ‭Sh. Rajender Kumar‬ ‭Relative‬‭of‬‭accused‬‭Ashok's‬‭wife.‬ ‭Chauhan‬ ‭Testified‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭a‬ ‭motorcycle‬ ‭gifted to his niece Aarti.‬ ‭PW-9‬‭21‬ ‭Neha Jain‬ ‭ eputy‬ ‭Branch‬ ‭Manager,‬ ‭HSBC.‬ D ‭Provided‬ ‭account‬ ‭statements‬ ‭and‬ ‭verification‬ ‭of‬ ‭debit‬ ‭card‬ ‭transactions.‬ ‭PW-10‬ ‭Arti Devi‬ ‭ ife‬ ‭of‬ ‭accused‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭Kumar.‬ W ‭Identified‬ ‭the‬ ‭motorcycle‬ ‭used‬‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭offense‬ ‭as‬ ‭a‬ ‭gift‬ ‭from‬ ‭her‬ ‭uncle.‬ ‭PW-11‬ ‭Anil Aggarwal‬ ‭ roprietor‬ ‭of‬ ‭"Kids‬ ‭Fashion".‬ P ‭Testimony‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭accused‬ ‭purchasing‬‭garments‬‭using‬‭a‬‭debit‬ ‭card.‬ ‭PW-12‬ ‭Mrs. Orenponi Lotha‬ ‭ ictim‬ ‭and‬ ‭employer.‬ ‭Detailed‬ V ‭testimony‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬‭robbery,‬‭injuries‬ ‭sustained,‬ ‭and‬ ‭identification‬ ‭of‬ ‭stolen property.‬ ‭PW-13‬ ‭Sh. Gilles Cannaud Ribes‬ ‭ ictim's‬ ‭husband.‬ ‭Handed‬ ‭over‬ V ‭the‬ ‭list‬ ‭of‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭articles‬ ‭and‬ ‭identified stolen property in TIP.‬ ‭PW-14‬ ‭Sh. Som Dutt Sharma‬ ‭ onductor,‬ ‭State‬ ‭Transport‬ C ‭Authority.‬ ‭Produced‬ ‭registration‬ ‭records‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭motorcycle‬ ‭(DL-9S-P-7716).‬ ‭PW-15‬ ‭W/Ct. Renu Bala‬ ‭ onstable‬‭at‬‭CPCR.‬‭Received‬‭the‬ C ‭initial‬ ‭PCR‬ ‭call‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭a‬ ‭"quarrel" at the incident location.‬ ‭PW-16‬ ‭Suresh Khadiem‬ ‭ ales‬ ‭Manager‬ ‭at‬ ‭"G-8teen".‬ S ‭Testimony‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭accused‬ ‭purchasing‬ ‭garments‬ ‭using‬ ‭a‬ ‭credit card.‬ ‭21‬ ‭Note‬‭: Some witness numbers are repeated or non-sequential‬‭in the original Court records.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭35‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭ ank‬ R ‭ itness Name‬ W ‭ ature of Evidence‬ N ‭PW-17‬ ‭Ct. Vikas‬ ‭Constable‬ ‭at‬ ‭PS‬ ‭South‬ ‭Campus.‬ ‭Deposited‬ ‭and‬ ‭collected‬ ‭exhibits‬ ‭(knife,‬ ‭passport‬ ‭report)‬ ‭from‬ ‭hospitals and the passport office.‬ ‭PW-18‬ ‭HC Surender Prakash‬ ‭ HCM‬ ‭at‬ ‭PS‬ ‭South‬ ‭Campus.‬ M ‭Maintained‬ ‭the‬ ‭register‬ ‭of‬ ‭deposited‬ ‭and‬ ‭collected‬ ‭case‬ ‭properties.‬ ‭PW-19‬ ‭SI Pratima‬ J‭ oined‬ ‭investigation‬ ‭with‬ ‭IO.‬ ‭Witness‬ ‭to‬‭the‬‭arrest‬‭of‬‭Rosy‬‭and‬ ‭recovery‬ ‭of‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭articles‬ ‭and‬ ‭weapon‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused's‬ ‭residence.‬ ‭PW-20‬ ‭Sh. Pawan Singh‬ ‭ odal‬ ‭Officer,‬ ‭Idea‬ ‭Cellular.‬ N ‭Provided‬ ‭CDR‬ ‭and‬ ‭subscriber‬ ‭records‬ ‭for‬ ‭mobile‬ ‭number‬ ‭9911160214.‬ ‭PW-21‬ ‭Sh. Mohan Kumar‬ ‭ alesman‬ ‭at‬ ‭"Kid‬ ‭Fashion".‬ S ‭Identified‬ ‭accused‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭as‬ ‭the‬ ‭person‬ ‭who‬ ‭purchased‬ ‭garments‬ ‭with a debit card.‬ ‭PW-22‬ ‭HC Kapil‬ ‭Photographer,‬ ‭Crime‬ ‭Team.‬‭Took‬ ‭ hotographs of the crime scene.‬ p ‭PW-23‬ ‭W/Ct. Poonam‬ ‭ perator,‬ ‭CPCR.‬ ‭Recorded‬ ‭the‬ O ‭PCR‬ ‭message‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭the‬ ‭incident.‬ ‭PW-24‬ ‭ASI Raj Singh‬ ‭ inger‬ ‭Print‬ ‭Proficient,‬ ‭Mobile‬ F ‭Crime‬ ‭Team.‬ ‭Lifted‬ ‭three‬ ‭finger‬ ‭prints‬ ‭from‬ ‭a‬ ‭wooden‬ ‭almirah‬ ‭at‬ ‭the scene.‬ ‭PW-25‬ ‭SI Pradeep Kumar‬ ‭ irst‬ ‭IO‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭scene.‬ ‭Recorded‬ F ‭the‬ ‭initial‬ ‭statement‬‭of‬‭PW-1‬‭and‬ ‭prepared the rukka.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭36‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭ ank‬ R ‭ itness Name‬ W ‭ ature of Evidence‬ N ‭PW-26‬ ‭Sh. Rai Singh‬ ‭Record‬ ‭Assistant,‬ ‭Transport‬ ‭Department.‬ ‭Provided‬ ‭original‬ ‭registration‬ ‭record‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭motorcycle.‬ ‭PW-27‬ ‭Ct. Satbir‬ ‭Obtained‬ ‭sealed‬ ‭exhibits‬ ‭for‬ ‭ elivery to FSL Rohini.‬ d ‭PW-28‬ ‭ASI Ramesh Kumar‬ ‭ ccompanied‬ ‭SI‬ ‭Pradeep‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ A ‭scene.‬ ‭Took‬ ‭the‬ ‭rukka‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭PS‬ ‭for FIR registration.‬ ‭PW-29‬ ‭Dinesh Singh‬ ‭ lternate‬ A ‭Nodal‬ ‭Officer,‬ ‭Vodafone.‬ ‭Provided‬ ‭CAF‬ ‭and‬ ‭CDR‬ ‭records‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭victim's‬ ‭mobile phone.‬ ‭PW-30‬ ‭Insp. NK Sharma‬ ‭ inger‬ ‭Print‬ ‭Expert.‬ ‭Examined‬ F ‭the‬ ‭scene‬ ‭and‬ ‭developed‬ ‭chance‬ ‭prints‬‭from‬‭a‬‭wardrobe‬‭and‬‭water‬ ‭bottles.‬ ‭PW-31‬ ‭Insp. Inderjeet‬ ‭ ubsequent‬ ‭Investigating‬ ‭Officer.‬ S ‭Conducted‬‭interrogation,‬‭arrest‬‭of‬ ‭Ashok,‬ ‭and‬ ‭coordinated‬ ‭recoveries at Chilla Village.‬ ‭PW-32‬ ‭Sh. Yogesh Tripathi‬ ‭ lternate‬‭Nodal‬‭Officer,‬‭Reliance‬ A ‭Communications.‬ ‭Provided‬ ‭CAF‬ ‭records‬ ‭for‬ ‭mobile‬ ‭number‬ ‭8010281159.‬ ‭PW-33‬ ‭Dr. Avdhesh Kumar‬ ‭ r.‬ ‭Scientific‬ ‭Officer,‬ ‭FSL‬ S ‭Rohini.‬ ‭Conducted‬ ‭forensic‬ ‭examination‬ ‭of‬ ‭questioned‬ ‭documents/signatures.‬ ‭PW-34‬ ‭Sh. Hukam Singh‬ I‭ nspector‬ ‭ADG‬ ‭(System).‬ ‭Produced‬ ‭PAN‬ ‭card‬ ‭allotment‬ ‭records for the victim.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭37‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭ ank‬ R ‭ itness Name‬ W ‭Nature of Evidence‬ ‭PW-34‬‭22‬ ‭ASI Shyam Prakash‬ ‭Joined‬ ‭investigation‬ ‭with‬ ‭Insp.‬ ‭Balram.‬ ‭Witness‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭arrest‬ ‭of‬ ‭both‬ ‭accused‬ ‭and‬ ‭subsequent‬ ‭recoveries.‬ ‭PW-35‬ ‭Dr. Rakesh Singh‬ ‭ onsultant‬ C ‭Surgeon,‬ ‭Max‬ ‭Hospital.‬ ‭Examined‬ ‭the‬ ‭victim's‬ ‭injuries‬ ‭and‬ ‭provided‬ ‭an‬ ‭opinion‬ ‭on the weapon of offense (knife).‬ ‭PW-36‬ ‭Amit Singh‬ I‭ nspector,‬ ‭Income‬ ‭Tax‬ ‭Department.‬ ‭Provided‬ ‭certified‬ ‭true‬ ‭copy‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭victim's‬ ‭PAN‬ ‭application.‬ ‭PW-37‬ ‭Sh. Ajay Kumar‬ ‭ odal‬ ‭Officer,‬ ‭Bharti‬ ‭Airtel.‬ N ‭Provided‬ ‭CAF‬ ‭and‬ ‭CDR‬ ‭records‬ ‭for‬ ‭several‬ ‭mobile‬ ‭numbers‬ ‭involved in the case.‬ ‭PW-38‬ ‭Retd. ACP Balram‬ I‭ nspector‬ ‭Investigation/IO.‬ ‭Supervised‬ ‭the‬ ‭investigation,‬ ‭arrests,‬ ‭and‬ ‭recovery‬ ‭of‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭property and evidence.‬ ‭PW-39‬ ‭Ms. Monita Samom‬ ‭ wner‬ ‭of‬ ‭shop‬ ‭"G-8teen".‬ O ‭Testified‬ ‭that‬ ‭police‬ ‭brought‬ ‭a‬ ‭person‬ ‭(Ashok)‬ ‭to‬ ‭her‬ ‭shop‬ ‭regarding‬‭a‬‭purchase‬‭made‬‭with‬‭a‬ ‭credit card.‬ ‭B.‬ ‭Defence Witnesses, if any‬ ‭Nil‬ ‭C.‬‭Court Witnesses, if any‬ ‭Nil‬ ‭22‬ ‭Note‬‭: Some witness numbers are repeated or non-sequential‬‭in the original Court records.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭38‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭List of Prosecution / Defence / Court Exhibits‬ ‭A.‬‭Prosecution Exhibits‬ ‭S.No.‬ ‭Exhibit No.‬ ‭Description of Document‬ ‭1‬ ‭Ex. PW-1/A‬ ‭ tatement‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭complainant/maid,‬ ‭Smt.‬ S ‭Lilly Thomas.‬ ‭2‬ ‭Ex. PW-2/A‬ ‭Seizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭transaction‬ ‭slip‬ ‭and‬ ‭ ill from "Defence Store".‬ b ‭3‬ ‭Ex. PW-2/B‬ ‭ opy‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭credit‬ ‭card‬ ‭transaction‬ ‭slip‬ C ‭from "Defence Store".‬ ‭4‬ ‭Ex. PW-2/C‬ ‭Bill‬ ‭from‬ ‭"Defence‬ ‭Store"‬ ‭for‬ ‭purchased‬ a‭ rticles.‬ ‭5‬ ‭Ex. PW-4/A‬ ‭ eizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭of‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭jewelry,‬ S ‭articles,‬ ‭and‬ ‭cards‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused's‬ ‭residence.‬ ‭6‬ ‭Ex. PW-4/B‬ ‭ eizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭of‬ ‭jean‬ ‭pants‬ ‭and‬ ‭other‬ S ‭clothes recovered from the accused.‬ ‭7‬ ‭Ex. PW-4/C‬ ‭Seizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭of‬ ‭clothes‬ ‭prepared‬ ‭on‬ ‭ 1.04.2012.‬ 2 ‭8‬ ‭Ex. PW-4/D‬ ‭ eizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭Morphy‬ ‭Richards‬ S ‭Oven Toaster Griller (OTG).‬ ‭9‬ ‭Ex. PW-4/E‬ ‭Sketch‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭knife‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ a‭ ccused's kitchen.‬ ‭10‬ ‭Ex. PW-4/F‬ ‭Seizure memo of the knife.‬ ‭11‬ ‭Ex. PW-4/G‬ ‭Seizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭motorcycle,‬ ‭ egistration No. DL-9S-P-7716.‬ R ‭12‬ ‭Ex. PW-4/H‬ ‭ eizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭guarantee‬ ‭card‬ ‭for‬ S ‭the OTG.‬ ‭13‬ ‭Ex. PW-4/H1‬ ‭Original‬ ‭guarantee/warranty‬ ‭card‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭ orphy Richards OTG.‬ M ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭39‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭S.No.‬ ‭Exhibit No.‬ ‭Description of Document‬ ‭14‬ ‭Ex. PW-4/J‬ ‭Handing over memo of the seal ('BR').‬ ‭15‬ ‭Ex. PW-4/K‬ ‭Arrest memo of accused Rosy.‬ ‭16‬ ‭Ex. PW-4/L‬ ‭Personal search memo of accused Rosy.‬ ‭17‬ ‭Ex. PW-4/M‬ ‭Disclosure statement of accused Rosy.‬ ‭18‬ ‭Ex. PW-5/A‬ ‭Copy of the FIR (No. 45/12).‬ ‭19‬ ‭Ex. PW-5/B‬ ‭Endorsement‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭rukka‬ ‭by‬ ‭the‬ ‭Duty‬ ‭ fficer.‬ O ‭20‬ ‭Ex. PW-6/A‬ ‭ eizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭debit‬ ‭card,‬ S ‭transaction‬ ‭bill,‬ ‭and‬ ‭medicine‬ ‭bill‬ ‭from‬ ‭Religare Wellness.‬ ‭21‬ ‭Ex. PW-6/B‬ ‭Credit‬ ‭card‬ ‭transaction‬ ‭slip‬ ‭from‬‭Religare‬ ‭ ellness.‬ W ‭22‬ ‭Ex. PW-6/C‬ ‭ uplicate‬ ‭bill‬ ‭(No.‬ ‭SBD-3102033)‬ ‭from‬ D ‭Religare Wellness for Rs. 4715/-.‬ ‭23‬ ‭Ex. PW-8/A‬ ‭HSBC‬‭Bank‬‭records‬‭(account‬‭opening‬‭and‬ s‭ tatements) running into 36 pages.‬ ‭24‬ ‭Ex. PW-8/B‬ ‭ overing‬‭letter‬‭for‬‭bank‬‭records‬‭issued‬‭by‬ C ‭Branch Manager Neha Jain.‬ ‭25‬ ‭Ex. PW-8/DA‬ ‭Authority‬ ‭letter‬ ‭to‬ ‭produce‬ ‭bank‬ ‭ ocuments.‬ d ‭26‬ ‭Ex. PW-8/DB‬ ‭ SBC‬ ‭Bank‬ ‭reply‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭account‬ H ‭status.‬ ‭27‬ ‭Ex. PW-8/DC‬ ‭ SBC‬ ‭Bank‬ ‭report‬ ‭and‬ ‭letter‬ ‭on‬ H ‭transaction‬ ‭executing‬ ‭through‬ ‭the‬ ‭debit‬ ‭card.‬ ‭28‬ ‭Ex. PW-9/A‬ ‭HSBC‬ ‭account‬ ‭statement‬ ‭of‬ ‭Gilles‬ ‭Pierre‬ ‭ ibes (15.03.12 to 11.05.12).‬ R ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭40‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭S.No.‬ ‭Exhibit No.‬ ‭Description of Document‬ ‭29‬ ‭Ex. PW-11/A‬ ‭Retail‬ ‭cash‬ ‭memo/bill‬ ‭of‬ ‭garments‬ ‭ urchased from "Kids Fashion".‬ p ‭30‬ ‭Ex. PW-11/B‬ ‭ DFC‬ ‭Bank‬ ‭transaction‬ ‭slip‬ ‭from‬ ‭"Kids‬ H ‭Fashion".‬ ‭31‬ ‭Ex. PW-11/C‬ ‭Seizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭receipts‬ ‭and‬ ‭bills‬ f‭ rom "Kids Fashion".‬ ‭32‬ ‭Ex. PW-12/A‬ ‭ ictim's‬ ‭complaint‬ ‭and‬ ‭medical‬‭treatment‬ V ‭documents from Max Hospital.‬ ‭33‬ ‭Ex. PW-12/B‬ ‭Seizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭tape/used‬ ‭luggage‬ t‭ape from the crime scene.‬ ‭34‬ ‭Ex. PW-12/C‬ ‭ IP‬ ‭proceedings‬ ‭of‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭articles‬‭and‬‭the‬ T ‭statement of Mrs. Orenponi Lotha.‬ ‭35‬ ‭Ex. PW-12/D‬ ‭Supardaginama‬ ‭(indemnity‬ ‭bond)‬ ‭for‬ r‭ eleased articles.‬ ‭36‬ ‭Ex. PW-12/E‬ ‭ eizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭for‬ ‭25‬ ‭photographs‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ S ‭case property.‬ ‭37‬ ‭Ex. PW-12/F-X‬ ‭Various‬‭photographs‬‭of‬‭recovered‬‭jewelry,‬ a‭ rticles, cards, and documents.‬ ‭38‬ ‭Ex. PW-12/A1‬ ‭Photocopy of the used HDFC debit card.‬ ‭39‬ ‭Ex. PW-13/A‬ ‭ ist‬ ‭of‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭articles‬ ‭handed‬ ‭over‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ L ‭police by Sh. Gilles Ribes.‬ ‭40‬ ‭Ex. PW-13/B‬ ‭Seizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭photocopy‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭ oter I.D. card of accused Rosy.‬ v ‭41‬ ‭Ex. PW-13/C‬ ‭Photocopy‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭voter‬ ‭I.D.‬ ‭card‬ ‭of‬ a‭ ccused Rosy.‬ ‭42‬ ‭Ex. PW-13/D‬ ‭ upplemental‬ ‭list‬ ‭and‬ ‭photographs‬ ‭of‬ S ‭stolen articles.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭41‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭S.No.‬ ‭Exhibit No.‬ ‭Description of Document‬ ‭43‬ ‭Ex. PW-13/E-O‬ ‭Photographs‬ ‭of‬ ‭jewelry,‬ ‭headphones,‬ ‭ allets, and passport cover.‬ w ‭44‬ ‭Ex. PW-13/P‬ ‭ tatement‬ ‭of‬ ‭Sh.‬ ‭Gilles‬ ‭Ribes‬ ‭recorded‬ S ‭during the TIP.‬ ‭45‬ ‭Ex. PW-14/A‬ ‭Registration‬ ‭particulars‬ ‭of‬ ‭motorcycle‬ ‭ L-9S-P-7716.‬ D ‭46‬ ‭Ex. PW-15/A‬ ‭ CR‬ ‭Form‬ ‭recording‬ ‭the‬ ‭initial‬ ‭call‬ P ‭regarding a quarrel.‬ ‭47‬ ‭Ex. PW-16/A‬ ‭Seizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭receipts‬ ‭and‬ ‭cash‬ ‭ emo from shop "G-8teen".‬ m ‭48‬ ‭Ex. PW-16/B‬ ‭ ash‬‭memo‬‭dated‬‭17.04.12‬‭for‬‭Rs.‬‭4,300/-‬ C ‭from "G-8teen".‬ ‭49‬ ‭Ex. PW-16/C-1-3‬ ‭Three‬ ‭credit‬ ‭card‬ ‭bills‬ ‭of‬ ‭Corporation‬ ‭ ank.‬ B ‭50‬ ‭Ex. PW-16/D‬ ‭ hotocopy‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭credit‬ ‭card‬ ‭transaction‬ P ‭slip from "G-8teen".‬ ‭51‬ ‭Ex. PW-18/A‬ ‭Photocopy‬ ‭of‬ ‭relevant‬ ‭entries‬ ‭(13‬ ‭pages)‬ f‭ rom Register No. 19 (Malkhana).‬ ‭52‬ ‭Ex. PW-19/A‬ ‭Body inspection memo of accused Rosy.‬ ‭53‬ ‭Ex. PW-20/A‬ ‭ all‬ ‭detail‬ ‭records‬ ‭(CDR)‬ ‭of‬ ‭mobile‬ C ‭number 9911160214.‬ ‭54‬ ‭Ex. PW-20/B‬ ‭Customer‬ ‭application‬ ‭form‬ ‭(CAF)‬ ‭for‬ ‭ obile number 9911160214.‬ m ‭55‬ ‭Ex. PW-20/C‬ ‭Election‬ ‭Commission‬ ‭I-card‬ ‭(‬ ‭Thomas‬ ‭ abrian).‬ G ‭56‬ ‭Ex. PW-20/D‬ ‭ ertificate‬‭u/s‬‭65B‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Evidence‬‭Act‬‭for‬ C ‭mobile records.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭42‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭S.No.‬ ‭Exhibit No.‬ ‭Description of Document‬ ‭57‬ ‭Ex. PW-22/1-7‬ ‭Photographs‬‭of‬‭the‬‭crime‬‭scene‬‭(bedroom)‬ t‭aken by HC Kapil.‬ ‭58‬ ‭Ex. PW-22/8‬ ‭Negatives of the crime scene photographs.‬ ‭59‬ ‭Ex. PW-23/A‬ ‭ opy‬ ‭of‬‭the‬‭PCR‬‭form‬‭recorded‬‭by‬‭W/Ct.‬ C ‭Poonam.‬ ‭60‬ ‭Ex. PW-23/B‬ ‭Certificate‬‭u/s‬‭65B‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Evidence‬‭Act‬‭for‬ ‭ CR form correctness.‬ P ‭61‬ ‭Ex. PW-24/A‬ ‭ cene‬ ‭of‬ ‭Crime‬ ‭(SOC)‬ ‭report‬ ‭and‬ ‭details‬ S ‭of lifted chance prints.‬ ‭62‬ ‭Ex. PW-25/A‬ ‭DD‬ ‭No.‬ ‭36B‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭the‬ ‭report‬ ‭of‬ ‭a‬ "‭ quarrel".‬ ‭63‬ ‭Ex. PW-25/B‬ ‭ ukka‬ ‭prepared‬ ‭by‬ ‭SI‬ ‭Pradeep‬ ‭for‬ ‭FIR‬ R ‭registration.‬ ‭64‬ ‭Ex. PW-26/A‬ ‭Certified‬ ‭copy‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭motorcycle‬ r‭ egistration record.‬ ‭65‬ ‭Ex. PW-29/A‬ ‭ rintout‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭CAF‬ ‭for‬ ‭mobile‬ ‭number‬ P ‭9899197791.‬ ‭66‬ ‭Ex. PW-29/B‬ ‭Copy‬‭of‬‭the‬‭passport‬‭provided‬‭as‬‭ID‬‭proof‬ f‭ or mobile subscription.‬ ‭67‬ ‭Ex. PW-29/C‬ ‭ opy‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭rent‬ ‭agreement‬ ‭as‬ ‭address‬ C ‭proof for mobile subscription.‬ ‭68‬ ‭Ex. PW-29/D‬ ‭CDR‬ ‭for‬ ‭mobile‬ ‭number‬ ‭9899197791‬ (‭ 01.04.12 to 18.04.12).‬ ‭69‬ ‭Ex. PW-29/E‬ ‭Certificate‬‭u/s‬‭65B‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Evidence‬‭Act‬‭for‬ ‭ obile records.‬ m ‭70‬ ‭Ex. PW-29/F‬ ‭ ell‬ ‭ID‬ ‭Chart‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭relevant‬ ‭mobile‬ C ‭number.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭43‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭S.No.‬ ‭Exhibit No.‬ ‭Description of Document‬ ‭71‬ ‭Ex. PW-30/A‬ ‭Detailed‬ ‭report‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Finger‬‭Print‬‭Expert,‬ ‭ K Sharma.‬ N ‭72‬ ‭Ex. PW-31/A‬ ‭ isclosure‬ ‭statement‬ ‭of‬ ‭accused‬ ‭Ashok‬ D ‭Kumar.‬ ‭73‬ ‭Ex. PW-31/B‬ ‭Arrest memo of accused Ashok Kumar.‬ ‭74‬ ‭Ex. PW-31/C‬ ‭Personal‬ ‭search‬ ‭memo‬ ‭of‬ ‭accused‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭ umar.‬ K ‭75‬ ‭Ex. PW-31/D‬ ‭ eizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭bag‬ ‭(pithu‬ ‭bag)‬ ‭and‬ S ‭articles found with Ashok.‬ ‭76‬ ‭Ex. PW-31/X‬ ‭Body‬ ‭inspection‬ ‭report‬ ‭of‬ ‭accused‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭ umar.‬ K ‭77‬ ‭Ex. PW-31/X1‬ I‭ nterrogation/disclosure‬ ‭statement‬ ‭of‬ ‭accused Ashok Kumar.‬ ‭78‬ ‭Ex. PW-31/X2‬ ‭Copy‬ ‭of‬ ‭a‬ ‭bill/garment‬ ‭purchase‬ ‭ ocument.‬ d ‭79‬ ‭Ex. PW-32/A‬ ‭ opy‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭Customer‬ ‭Application‬ ‭Form‬ C ‭(CAF) from Reliance.‬ ‭80‬ ‭Ex. PW-32/B‬ ‭Supporting‬ ‭identification‬ ‭document‬ (‭ driving licence) from Reliance.‬ ‭81‬ ‭Ex. PW-33/A‬ ‭ SL‬ F ‭Report‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭signature/handwriting comparison.‬ ‭82‬ ‭Ex. PW-34/A‬ ‭Copy‬ ‭of‬ ‭PAN‬ ‭application‬ ‭form‬ ‭for‬ ‭Mrs.‬ ‭ renponi Lotha.‬ O ‭83‬ ‭Ex. PW-34/P1‬ ‭Blue‬ ‭bag‬ ‭and‬ ‭contents‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭from‬ a‭ ccused Ashok (passport, pens, etc.).‬ ‭84‬ ‭Ex. PW-35/A‬ ‭ LC‬ ‭of‬ ‭victim‬ ‭Orenponi‬ ‭Lotha‬ ‭prepared‬ M ‭at Max Hospital.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭44‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭S.No.‬ ‭Exhibit No.‬ ‭Description of Document‬ ‭85‬ ‭Ex. PW-35/B‬ ‭Sketch‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭knife‬ ‭prepared‬ ‭for‬ ‭medical‬ ‭ pinion.‬ o ‭86‬ ‭Ex. PW-35/C‬ ‭ ubsequent‬ ‭opinion‬‭on‬‭injury‬‭and‬‭weapon‬ S ‭of offense (knife).‬ ‭87‬ ‭Ex. PW-36/A‬ ‭Authority‬ ‭letter‬ ‭from‬ ‭Income‬ ‭Tax‬ ‭ epartment to depose.‬ D ‭88‬ ‭Ex. PW-36/B‬ ‭ ertified‬ ‭true‬ ‭copy‬ ‭of‬ ‭PAN‬ ‭application‬ C ‭form (Orenponi Lotha).‬ ‭89‬ ‭Ex. PW-36/C‬ ‭E-mail‬ ‭correspondence‬ ‭from‬ ‭Income‬ ‭Tax‬ ‭ fficials.‬ o ‭90‬ ‭Ex. PW-37/A‬ ‭CAF for mobile No. 8826283139 (Kiran).‬ ‭91‬ ‭Ex. PW-37/B‬ ‭CDR for mobile No. 8826283139.‬ ‭92‬ ‭Ex. PW-37/C‬ ‭ AF‬ ‭for‬ ‭mobile‬ ‭No.‬ ‭8826289691‬ ‭(Mohd.‬ C ‭Yakub Saifi).‬ ‭93‬ ‭Ex. PW-37/D‬ ‭CDR for mobile No. 8826289691.‬ ‭94‬ ‭Ex. PW-37/E‬ ‭ AF‬ ‭for‬ ‭mobile‬ ‭No.‬ ‭9871079163‬ ‭(Ashok‬ C ‭Kumar).‬ ‭95‬ ‭Ex. PW-37/F‬ ‭CDR‬ ‭(4‬ ‭pages)‬ ‭for‬ ‭mobile‬ ‭No.‬ ‭ 871079163.‬ 9 ‭96‬ ‭Ex. PW-37/G‬ ‭CAF for mobile No. 9560039712 (Rosy).‬ ‭97‬ ‭Ex. PW-37/H‬ ‭ DR‬ ‭(4‬ ‭pages)‬ ‭for‬ C ‭mobile‬ ‭No.‬ ‭9560039712.‬ ‭98‬ ‭Ex. PW-37/I‬ ‭Cell‬ ‭ID/Location‬ ‭chart‬ ‭for‬ ‭mobile‬ ‭ umbers.‬ n ‭99‬ ‭Ex. PW-37/J‬ ‭ ertificate‬‭u/s‬‭65B‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Evidence‬‭Act‬‭for‬ C ‭mobile records.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭45‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭S.No.‬ ‭Exhibit No.‬ ‭Description of Document‬ ‭100‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-3‬ ‭Site‬ ‭plan‬ ‭of‬ ‭recovery‬ ‭place‬ ‭(‬ ‭jewelry,‬ c‭ lothes, weapon).‬ ‭101‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-4‬ ‭ IP‬ ‭proceedings‬ ‭of‬ ‭accused‬ ‭persons‬ T ‭conducted at Dwarka Court.‬ ‭102‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-5‬ ‭Application‬‭for‬‭specimen‬‭signature/writing‬ ‭ f accused Ashok.‬ o ‭103‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-6‬ ‭ pecimen‬ ‭signature/writing‬ ‭of‬ ‭accused‬ S ‭Ashok (5 pages).‬ ‭104‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-7‬ ‭Site plan of the place of incident.‬ ‭105‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-8‬ ‭Application to DCP PCR for PCR form.‬ ‭106‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-9‬ ‭PCR Form (8 pages).‬ ‭107‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-10‬ ‭Application‬ ‭from‬ ‭Gilles‬ ‭Ribes‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭ issing invoices.‬ m ‭108‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-11‬ ‭Intimation‬ ‭regarding‬ ‭correction‬ ‭in‬ ‭stolen‬ a‭ rticles list.‬ ‭109‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-12‬ ‭ pplication‬ ‭for‬ ‭TIP‬ ‭of‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭stolen‬ A ‭articles.‬ ‭110‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-14‬ ‭Photograph‬ ‭of‬ ‭accused‬ ‭persons‬ ‭seized‬ f‭ rom the house.‬ ‭111‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-15‬ ‭ pplication‬ ‭to‬ ‭Max‬ ‭Hospital‬ A ‭for‬ ‭subsequent medical opinion.‬ ‭112‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-16‬ ‭Application‬‭u/s‬‭91‬‭CrPC‬‭for‬‭CDR/CAF‬‭of‬ a‭ ccused and victim.‬ ‭113‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-17‬ ‭ pplication‬‭for‬‭CDR/CAF‬‭of‬‭Lily‬‭Thomas‬ A ‭(Idea Cellular).‬ ‭114‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-18‬ ‭Certificate‬ ‭from‬ ‭Transport‬ ‭Authority‬ r‭ egarding the motorcycle.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭46‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭S.No.‬ ‭Exhibit No.‬ ‭Description of Document‬ ‭115‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-19‬ ‭Interrogation‬ ‭report‬ ‭of‬ ‭accused‬ ‭Ashok‬ ‭ umar.‬ K ‭116‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-20‬ ‭Interrogation report of accused Rosy.‬ ‭117‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-21‬ ‭ eizure‬ ‭memo‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭passport‬ ‭of‬ ‭accused‬ S ‭Ashok Kumar.‬ ‭118‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-22‬ ‭Road‬ ‭certificate‬ ‭(RC)‬ ‭used‬ ‭for‬ ‭sending‬ e‭ xhibits to FSL.‬ ‭119‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-23‬ ‭ cknowledgment‬ ‭from‬ ‭FSL‬ ‭for‬ ‭received‬ A ‭exhibits.‬ ‭120‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-24‬ ‭Forwarding‬ ‭letter‬ ‭sent‬ ‭with‬ ‭exhibits‬ ‭to‬ ‭ SL.‬ F ‭121‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-25‬ ‭Photocopy of RBC card.‬ ‭122‬ ‭Ex. PW-38/H-26‬ ‭ assport‬‭verification‬‭report‬‭and‬‭passport‬‭of‬ P ‭Orenpoli Lotha.‬ ‭B.‬ ‭Defence Exhibits‬ ‭Nil‬ ‭C.‬‭Court Exhibits‬ ‭Nil‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭47‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭D.‬‭Material Objects‬ ‭S.No.‬ ‭Material Object No.‬ ‭Description of Object‬ ‭1‬ ‭Ex.P-1‬ ‭ ne‬‭knife‬‭with‬‭a‬‭flat‬‭handle‬‭and‬‭steel‬ O ‭blade,‬ ‭identified‬ ‭as‬ ‭the‬ ‭weapon‬ ‭of‬ ‭offence.‬ ‭2‬ ‭Ex.P-2‬ ‭One‬ ‭Morphy‬ ‭Richards‬ ‭Oven‬ ‭Toaster‬ ‭ riller (OTG).‬ G ‭3‬ ‭Ex.P-3 (Colly)‬ ‭ tolen‬ ‭articles‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭on‬ S ‭23.04.2012,‬ ‭including‬ ‭jewelry‬ ‭and‬ ‭precious stones.‬ ‭4‬ ‭Ex.P-4 (Colly)‬ ‭Clothes‬ ‭recovered‬ ‭from‬‭the‬‭accused's‬ r‭ ented residence on 21.04.2012.‬ ‭5‬ ‭Ex.PX1‬ ‭ lastic‬ ‭luggage‬ ‭tape‬ ‭used‬ ‭to‬ ‭gag‬ ‭and‬ P ‭tie the victims.‬ ‭6‬ ‭Ex.PX2‬ ‭ hree‬ ‭jeans‬ ‭pants‬ ‭(label:‬ ‭NONIE‬ T ‭OUTFITS)‬ ‭and‬ ‭four‬ ‭round-neck‬ ‭T-shirts‬ ‭purchased‬ ‭using‬ ‭the‬ ‭stolen‬ ‭card.‬ ‭7‬ ‭Ex.PX3‬ ‭ ne‬ ‭pair‬ ‭of‬ ‭Spykar‬ ‭jeans,‬ ‭four‬ ‭FLU‬ O ‭jeans,‬‭and‬‭one‬‭denim‬‭jeans‬‭purchased‬ ‭using the stolen card.‬ ‭8‬ ‭Ex.PX4 (Colly)‬ ‭ itchenware‬ ‭and‬ ‭miscellaneous‬ K ‭items:‬‭Iron‬‭Tawa‬‭(Nirlep),‬‭Crystal‬‭gas‬ ‭lighter,‬ ‭Green‬ ‭Heal‬ ‭clippers,‬ ‭Borosil‬ ‭baking‬ ‭dishes,‬‭child's‬‭trousers,‬‭ladies'‬ ‭trousers,‬‭medicine‬‭packets,‬‭OneTouch‬ ‭Horizon‬ ‭sugar‬ ‭testing‬ ‭machine,‬ ‭and‬ ‭Musli Power capsules.‬ ‭9‬ ‭Ex.PW34/P1 (Colly)‬ ‭ ontents‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭accused's‬ ‭pithu‬ ‭bag‬‭:‬ C ‭Passport,‬ ‭cheque‬ ‭books‬ ‭(Oriental‬ ‭Bank‬ ‭of‬ ‭Commerce),‬ ‭wrist‬ ‭watch‬ ‭chain,‬ ‭brass‬ ‭neck‬ ‭chain,‬ ‭365‬ ‭tape,‬ ‭video game, pens, and keys.‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭48‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬ ‭S.No.‬ ‭Material Object No.‬ ‭Description of Object‬ ‭10‬ ‭Ex.P1 (Motorcycle)‬ ‭ ajaj‬ ‭Platina‬ ‭motorcycle‬ ‭(No.‬ B ‭DL-9S-P-7716)‬ ‭used‬ ‭during‬ ‭the‬ ‭offense‬ ‭(later‬ ‭reported‬ ‭destroyed‬ ‭by‬ ‭fire).‬ ‭*****‬ ‭*****‬ ‭*****‬ ‭SC No. 7362/2016‬ ‭Page No.‬‭49‬‭/‭4‬ 9‬