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Gujarat High Court

Vallabhbhai @ Pintu Mangabhai Rathod vs State Of ... on 6 July, 2017

Author: Abhilasha Kumari

Bench: Abhilasha Kumari, A.J. Shastri

                   R/CR.A/74/2012                                             JUDGMENT




                    IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD

                                CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 74 of 2012


         FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:


         HONOURABLE SMT. JUSTICE ABHILASHA KUMARI
         and
         HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.J. SHASTRI
         ================================================================
         1     Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to
               see the judgment ?
         2     To be referred to the Reporter or not ?
         3     Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of
               the judgment ?
         4     Whether this case involves a substantial question of
               law as to the interpretation of the Constitution of India
               or any order made thereunder ?
         ================================================================
                 VALLABHBHAI @ PINTU MANGABHAI RATHOD....Appellant(s)
                                      Versus
                     STATE OF GUJARAT....Opponent(s)/Respondent(s)
         ================================================================
         Appearance:
         HCLS COMMITTEE, ADVOCATE for the Appellant(s) No. 1
         MS KIRAN D PANDEY, ADVOCATE for the Appellant(s) No. 1
         MR JK SHAH, ADDL.PUBLIC PROSECUTOR for Opponent/Respondent No.1
         ================================================================
             CORAM: HONOURABLE SMT. JUSTICE ABHILASHA KUMARI
                    and
                    HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.J. SHASTRI

                                       Date : 06/07/2017
                                       ORAL JUDGMENT

(PER : HONOURABLE SMT. JUSTICE ABHILASHA KUMARI)

1. This appeal under Section­374(2) of the Code of  Criminal   Procedure,   1973   ("the   Code",   for   short)   is  Page 1 of 53 HC-NIC Page 1 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT directed   against   the   judgment   and   order   dated  25.04.2011,   passed   by   the   learned   Second   Additional  Sessions   Judge,   Bharuch,   Camp   at   Ankleshwar,   in  Sessions   Case   No.92/2010,   whereby   the   appellant­ original accused has been convicted and sentenced to  undergo life imprisonment for the offence punishable  under Section­302 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 ("the  IPC", for short).

2. The   case   of   the   prosecution   is   based   upon   the  complaint   (Exhibit­30)   dated   10.06.2010,   filed   at  Hansot   Police   Station   by   Manishaben,   aged   twenty  years,   daughter   of   Thakorbhai   Kikabhai   Rathod,  resident of Rathod Faliyu, village Sunevkalla, Taluka  Hansot,   District   Bharuch.   The   complainant   is   the  younger   sister   of   Ushaben   who   will   hereinafter   be  referred   to   as   the   deceased.   The   complainant   states  that   she   was   living   with   her   parents,   her   deceased  elder sister and brother­in­law, Vallabh alias Pintu  Mangubhai Rathod, the accused. They all used to earn  their livelihood by working as agricultural labourers.  The   marriage   of   the   deceased   with   the   accused   was  solemnized   seven   years   prior   to   the   incident.   A  daughter,   named   Priyanka,   was   born   to   them   but   she  Page 2 of 53 HC-NIC Page 2 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT died about a year ago. The deceased had the habit of  chewing "Miraj" tobacco and the accused had the habit  of   consuming   liquor.   On   10.06.2010,   at   about   9.00  a.m.,   the   complainant,   along   with   the   deceased   and  other   persons   from   the   village   namely   Sitaben  Shantubhai   Rathod,   Ushaben   Mansukhbhai   Vasava,  Manjuben   Mansukhbhai   Vasava   and   Gomanbhai   Kalidas  Rathod, along with other labourers living in the same  "Faliya" (street), went to the field of Rajendrabhai  Jentibhai   Vasava   (PW­10)   in   which   a  crop   of   ladies­ finger   was   sown,   for   the   purpose   of   doing   weeding  work.  At  about  12.00  noon,  when   the  complainant  and  deceased came home for lunch, the accused was present  there.   When  they   were   leaving  the   house   after   lunch  the   deceased   started   chewing   tobacco,   on   account   of  which   the   accused   got   angry   with   her   and   started  quarrelling.   The   deceased   also   started   quarrelling  with   the   accused.   Thereafter,   the   complainant,  accompanied by the deceased, returned to work in the  field of PW­10, where they worked upto 2.00  p.m. At  about 2.30 in the afternoon, the accused came with an  axe in his hand and went running to the spot where the  deceased was doing weeding work. He gave a blow of the  Page 3 of 53 HC-NIC Page 3 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT axe   upon   the   head   of   the   deceased,   who   shouted   and  fell down at the spot. Even though the deceased had  fallen down, the accused gave two more blows with the  axe on her head. Upon seeing this, the complainant and  other labourers came towards the deceased in order to  save   her.   The   accused   ran   away   towards   the   canal,  taking   the   axe   with   him.   The   complainant   and   other  labourers   went   to   the   deceased,   who   was   bleeding  profusely from her head. It appears that the scull of  the   deceased   had   cracked.   The   complainant   tried   to  speak   to   the   deceased   but   she   did   not   reply.   The  complainant  realized  that   she  had   died  on  the   spot.  After   a   short   while   Jashuben,   the   mother   of   the  complainant,   came   running   to   the   sport   with   other  persons   from   the   village.   PW­10   Rajendrabhai,   the  owner of the field, as well as PW­1 Thakorbhai, the  Sarpanch   of   the   village,   arrived   at   the   spot.   Upon  seeing   the   dead   body   of   the   deceased,   they   started  calling the Police from their mobile phones. 

3. The complaint was registered as C.R.No.I­26/2010  under   Section­302   of   the   Indian   Penal   Code.  Thereafter,   the   investigation   commenced.   A   charge­ Page 4 of 53 HC-NIC Page 4 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT sheet under Section­302 of the Indian Penal Code was  submitted   before   the   learned   Judicial   Magistrate,  First Class, Hansot, which was registered as Criminal  Case No.754/2010. As the case was triable only by the  Court   of   Sessions,   it   came   to   be   committed   to   the  Sessions Court, Bharuch, Camp at Ankleshwar, bearing  Sessions Case No.92/2010.

4. To   prove   its   case,   the   prosecution   examined   as  many   as   fourteen   witnesses   and   produced   documentary  evidence.   In   his   statement   under   Section­313   of   the  Code, the defence of the appellant­accused was that of  total denial. However, to the question whether he had  anything further to say, the appellant­accused stated  that   a   false   case   has   been   foisted   upon   him   and   he  would   like   to   give   a   further   statement   in   writing.  Thereafter, the appellant­accused submitted a written  statement,   taking   the   defence   that   he   had   inflicted  the blow with the axe on the head of the deceased due  to sudden and grave provocation, as he had seen the  deceased   in   a   compromising   position   with   one   Ramesh  Vasava from the neighbouring village. According to the  accused,   when   he   confronted   the   deceased,   she   used  vulgar and derogatory language   saying that  "You are  Page 5 of 53 HC-NIC Page 5 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT not   a   man   and   you   are   unable   to   do   anything,   therefore,   I   have   to   go   to   another   man   and   I   will   continue to have intercourse with him and you can do  nothing about it." According to the defence put up by  the   accused,   the   deceased   openly   talked   about   her  illicit relationship with another man. She then pushed  the   accused,   who   fell   down   near   the   "Samadi"   tree  where   some   implements   were   lying.   The   hand   of   the  accused   fell   upon   the   handle   of   an   axe,   which   he  picked up. In his agitation, he lost all control over  his   mind   and   body   and,   without   considering   the  consequences, gave a blow with the axe on the head of  the   deceased.   The   accused   states   that   he   does   not  remember how many blows he inflicted on the head of  the deceased. Thereafter, he threw the axe there and  went home. It is the defence of the accused that he  committed the act due to sudden and grave provocation  but had no intention of killing the deceased.

5. Upon   evaluating   and   appreciating   the   oral   and  documentary evidence on record, the Sessions Court did  not   believe   the   version   of   the   defence   that   the  accused   inflicted   axe   blows   on   the   head   of   the  Page 6 of 53 HC-NIC Page 6 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT deceased,   thereby   causing   her   death,   on   account   of  sudden and grave provocation. It held that the present  case did not fall under Exception­1 of Section­300 of  the IPC and concluded that the charge of murder under  Section­302   of   the   IPC   against   the   appellant   stood  proved beyond reasonable doubt and convicted him for  the said offence. The appellant was sentenced to life  imprisonment with a fine of Rs.5,000/­, failing which  he  would  have   to   suffer  simple   imprisonment   for  six  months.

6. Aggrieved by the above judgment, the appellant is  before this Court. At this stage, it would be fruitful  to   advert   to   the   salient   features   of   the   oral   and  documentary evidence adduced by the prosecution. The  defence did not examine any witnesses.

7. PW­1   is   Thakorbhai   Maganbhai   Patel,   whose  deposition is at Exhibit­9. He is examined as a Panch  witness of the Inquest Panchnama at Exhibit­10. He is  also the Sarpanch of the village. He has stated that  the dead body of the deceased was lying in the field  of PW­10 and there was a wound on the side of the head  of the deceased. He prepared the Panchnama, which is  Page 7 of 53 HC-NIC Page 7 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT proved   by   him   and  identified   his  signature   as   Panch  No.1 on the said Panchnama. He states that the other  Panch   witnesses,   Jamalbhai   and   Hansaben,   have   also  signed the Panchnama in his presence.

8. PW­2   is   Rameshbhai   Chhaganbhai   Vasava,   who   has  deposed at Exhibit­11. He is a Panch witness of the  Panchnama of the "Control Sample of Mud" (Exhibit­14)  taken   from   a   distance   of   about   eight   feet   from   the  blood­soaked   mud,  on  the   spot  of  the   occurrence.   He  states that the said sample was sealed by the Police  in his presence and a slip was put into the box which  is   signed   by   him   as   Panch   No.1.   He   has   stated   that  Panch   No.2,   Satish   R.   Vasava,   has   signed   in   his  presence.

9. PW­3   is   Mehulbhai   Bharatbhai   Patel,   who   has  deposed at Exhibit­15. He is a Panch witness of the  Panchnama   of   the   arrest   of   the   accused   which   is   at  Exhibit­18.   He   has   stated   that   on   10.06.2010,   the  Police approached him and asked him to accompany them  to   arrest   the   accused.   He,   accompanied   by   Rajesh  Shantilal, went with the Police to the school in Juna  Obha village, where they found the accused sleeping on  Page 8 of 53 HC-NIC Page 8 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT the   ledge.   The   Police   arrested   the   accused   in   the  presence of this witness. The pant worn by the accused  was   blood­stained   and   the   Police   made   the   accused  change his clothes and took into possession the blood­ stained clothes worn by him, in the presence of this  witness. This witness has identified the clothes taken  out   from   the   sealed   packet   and   shown   to   him   in   the  Court, as being those worn by the accused when he was  arrested. He has identified his signature on the slip  in   the   packet   of   clothes.   He   has   stated   that   Panch  witness   No.2,   Rajesh   Shantilal,   has   signed   in   his  presence   and   the   other   signature   is   that   of   Rajesh  Shantilal.   He   has   stated   that   the   Panchnama   was  prepared   in   his   presence.   He   has   identified   the  accused as being the person who was arrested in his  presence. In his cross­examination, this witness has  denied the suggestion that the clothes, stated to be  those worn by the accused, have been brought by the  Police along with them.

10. PW­4   is   Prafullkumar   Jentibhai   Aahir,   who   has  deposed at Exhibit­20. He is a Panch witness of the  recovery   of   the   axe,   the   weapon   of   offence.   The  Recovery Panchnama is at Exhibit­22. This witness has  Page 9 of 53 HC-NIC Page 9 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT stated that the Hansot Police came in a jeep and asked  him   to   accompany   them   to   Sunevkalla   village.   The  witness   complied   and   saw   that   the   accused   was   also  sitting   in   the   jeep.   The   accused   took   them   to   the  field of ladies­finger where the deceased was killed.  The   axe,   which   was   in   the   neighbouring   field   of  sugarcane, was taken out by the accused. A bunch of  hair was stuck to the axe. The axe was wrapped in a  cloth by the Police and sealed in the presence of this  witness. On the seal being opened and the axe taken  out, this witness identified it as being the same axe  that was recovered at the behest of the accused. On a  specific question being asked during cross­examination  whether the accused had shown the axe which was hidden  in the field of sugarcane, this witness replied in the  affirmative and stated that  the accused went into the  field of sugarcane and took out the axe. This witness  has proved the Panchnama.

11. The above four Panch witnesses have supported the  case   of   the   prosecution   and   proved   the   respective  Panchnamas   of   which   they   are   Panch   witnesses.   Their  testimonies have not been controverted during cross­ Page 10 of 53 HC-NIC Page 10 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT examination.

12. We may now discuss the oral evidence of the more  important eye­witnesses, whose testimonies would have  a direct bearing on both the case of the prosecution  and the defence. PW­5, 6, 7, 8 (complainant) and 9 are  eye­witnesses who were present at the spot and saw the  incident.

13. PW­5,   Ushaben   Mansukhbhai,   has   been   examined   at  Exhibit­25.   She   has   stated   that   on   the   day   of   the  incident   she   had   gone   to   work   as   an   agricultural  labourer in the field of PW­10. She was accompanied by  other   labourers   such   as   Savitaben,   Mangiben,  Amishaben,   Bharatiben,   Gumanbhai,   Jashuben   etc.   She  went   to   work     at   10.00   a.m.   and   returned   home   for  lunch at 12.00 noon. Thereafter, at about 2.00  p.m.,  she returned to work in the field. At that time, the  accused came from the direction of the sugarcane field  to the place where his wife, the deceased, was working  and  aimed  the   axe   at   the   deceased.   The   deceased  started   running   and   the   accused   ran   after   her.   The  accused caught the deceased from the back and made her  fall to the ground. Thereafter, the accused gave axe  Page 11 of 53 HC-NIC Page 11 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT blows   on   the   head   of   the   deceased,   who   died   on   the  spot.   This   witness   has   stated   that   she   saw   the  incident and has identified the accused in Court. In  her cross­examination, this witness has categorically  stated that though the accused also used to work as an  agricultural   labourer,   he   did  not   come  for   the   work  on the day of the incident. This witness has stated  that an axe is used for the work of cutting trees and  usually   this   work   is   given   to   male   agricultural  labourers   whereas   the   work   of   weeding   is   given   to  women. On being asked whether the deceased, had come  to work alone on that day, this witness answered that  the sister of the deceased, Manishaben, had also come  to the work with the deceased that day. This witness  has   categorically   denied   the   suggestion   that   an  altercation   took   place   between   the   accused   and   the  deceased. She states that she does not know the reason  why   the   accused   killed   his   wife.   This   witness   has  further stated that the spot where she was working is  at   a   distance   of   eight   to   ten   feet   from   where   the  deceased   was   working.   She   states   that   though   the  accused started saying something to the deceased, the  deceased did not reply. She denies the suggestion that  Page 12 of 53 HC-NIC Page 12 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT the accused told the deceased that he had seen what  she   was   doing   behind   the   bushes.   She   has   further  denied that the deceased had said that "You are not a  man and you are unable to do anything, therefore, I  have to go to another man and I will continue to have  intercourse   with   him   and   you   can   do   nothing   about  it."  This witness categorically denies the suggestion  that the deceased had used crude and vulgar language  with   the   accused   or   that   there   was   an   altercation  between   them,   leading   to   a  scuffle.  She   also  denies  that the deceased pushed the accused hard, resulting  in his falling down, where the handle of an axe lying  there came into his hand. She denies that the accused  gave axe blows on the head of the deceased due to the  provocation   given   to   him   by   the   deceased.   She,  however, states that the accused threw the axe in the  field  after  he  had   inflicted   blows   on   the  deceased.  This   witness   states   that   she   has   not   stated   in   the  Police statement that the accused aimed the axe on the  deceased   and   the   deceased   started   running   and   the  accused ran after her and threw her down.

14. PW­6, Sitaben Shantubhai, whose deposition is at  Exhibit­26,   is   another   eye­witness   of   the   incident. 




                                       Page 13 of 53

HC-NIC                               Page 13 of 53     Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017
                  R/CR.A/74/2012                                            JUDGMENT



She states that she had gone for work in the field of  PW­10 at about 10.00 in the morning.   At about 12.00  noon, she came home for lunch and returned at about  2.00   p.m.,   and   started   doing   weeding   work   in   the  field. At that point of time, the accused came from  the sugarcane field upto his wife and gave a blow on  her head with the axe. This witness states that she  does not know from where the accused got the axe. She  states that she saw the accused giving axe blows to  the   deceased.   She  has   identified  the   accused  as  the  one   who   gave   the   blows   as   well   as   the   axe   as   the  weapon   of   offence.   She   states  that   when   the   accused  inflicted   axe   blows   on   the   deceased,   she   fell   down  dead in the field. In cross­examination, this witness  denies the suggestion that there was a quarrel between  the   accused   and   deceased   or   that   the   deceased   had  spoken in crude and vulgar language with the accused.  She states that she was working at a distance of fifty  to sixty feet from the spot where the incident took  place   and   did   not   hear   any   altercation   between   the  accused   and   the   deceased.   This   witness   has  categorically   denied   that   there   was   any   provocation  from   the   deceased   to   the   accused.   She   has   further  Page 14 of 53 HC-NIC Page 14 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT denied that a scuffle took place between the accused  and the deceased or that the deceased had pushed the  accused, so that he fell near the "Samadi" tree. She  denies that when he fell, the accused found the handle  of   the   axe   in   his   hand   and,   in   his   anger   and  provocation at the words of the deceased, killed her.  She   states   that   after   giving   axe   blows   to   the  deceased,   the   accused   ran   away.   She  denies   that  the  accused   threw   the   axe   near   the   "Samadi"   tree,   but  states that the axe was thrown by him in the sugarcane  field   before   he   went   away.   This   witness   denies   the  suggestion that the deceased had not have given birth  to   a   child.   She   also   denies   that   the   deceased   had  illicit relations with Rameshbhai Vasava, from village  Sunevkhurd.

15. The   next   eye­witness   is   PW­7,   Manjuben  Mansukhbhai,   whose   deposition   is   at   Exhibit­27.   She  states that on the day of the incident she, along with  Sitaben, Ushaben, Manishaben etc. had gone to work in  the field of PW­10. When she was working, the accused  came   upto   the   deceased.   On   seeing   the   accused   the  deceased   started   running.   The   accused   ran   after   the  deceased and gave two axe blows on her head and killed  Page 15 of 53 HC-NIC Page 15 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT her.   Thereafter,   the   accused   ran   away.   The   deceased  fell down dead on the spot. During cross­examination,  this   witness   reiterates   that   the   deceased   started  running and the accused ran after her. She denies the  suggestion   that   the   deceased   came   running   from   the  sugarcane   field   with   the   accused   running   after   her.  This witness also denies the suggestion that there was  an altercation between the accused and the deceased or  that the deceased had used crude and vulgar language  during such altercation. This witness further denies  the   suggestion   that   the   deceased   had   said   that   the  accused was not capable of doing anything, therefore,  she had to go to another man. This witness denies that  the   deceased   pushed   the  accused   or   that   the   accused  fell   down   and   the   handle   of   the   axe   came   into   his  hand.  This   witness   has   also   denied   that   the   accused  inflicted axe blows to the deceased due to provocation  and   anger.   She   states   that   the   accused   hit   the  deceased with the axe, threw it, and went away.

16. PW­8, Manishaben Thakorebhai, is the complainant  and   sister   of   the   deceased   who   also   witnessed   the  incident. She states that on the day of the incident,  she had gone to the field of PW­10 to do weeding work,  Page 16 of 53 HC-NIC Page 16 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT accompanied   by   her   sister,   the   deceased   and   other  girls from the village, namely, Shilaben, Bharatiben  etc. They were all gone as agricultural labourers for  weeding   work   in   the   field   where   a   crop   of   ladies­ finger was sown. They went to work at about 10.00 a.m.  and returned home at 12.00  p.m. for lunch. When she  and the deceased came home for lunch, the accused had  asked the deceased why she chewed "Miraj" tobacco and  that she should stop chewing tobacco. Upon this, the  deceased told the accused that he also chews tobacco  and consumes liquor and he should leave these habits  first. Thereafter, the deceased, accompanied by this  witness and other labourers returned to the field of  PW­10   where   they   resumed   their   work.   This   witness  states   that,   thereafter,   the   accused   came   at   about  2.00  p.m.   from   the   direction   of   the   adjoining  sugarcane   field,   to   the  spot   where   the  deceased  was  working.  The   accused  aimed  the   axe   on   the  deceased.  Upon   seeing   this,   the   deceased   started   running.   The  accused   caught   hold   of   her   nighty   and     pushed   her  down.  Thereafter,  the   accused  gave   axe  blows  to  the  deceased, as a result of which she died on the spot.  The   accused  then   ran  away   towards   the   village.   This  Page 17 of 53 HC-NIC Page 17 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT witness   was   subjected   to   an   extensive   cross­ examination, during which she stated that the accused  used to live with her family after his marriage with  the deceased as a "Ghar Jamai". She states that about  one and a half years ago, there was a quarrel between  the accused, deceased, their mother  and other family  members,   as   a   result   of   which   the   accused   went   to  Ahmedabad,   where   his   mother   lived.   He   stayed   there  only   for   one   and   a   half   months,   after   which   he  returned. This witness has denied the suggestion that  the accused was thrown out of the house, or that he  stayed in Ahmedabad for about a year. She states that  the incident took place six months after the accused  returned   from   Ahmedabad.   Even   after   his   return,   the  accused used to stay in the house of the deceased with  her family. She further states that when the accused  was in Ahmedabad, her sister, the deceased had given  birth to a baby girl, who later died.

17. This   witness   has   categorically   denied   the  suggestion   that   while   the   accused   was   in   Ahmedabad,  the   deceased   had   developed   illicit   relations   with  Rameshbhai Vasava, from village Sunevkhurd. She denies  the suggestion that the said Rameshbhai Vasava used to  Page 18 of 53 HC-NIC Page 18 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT work as an agricultural labourer along with them. She  further   denies   that   there   used   to   be     quarrels  regarding the alleged illicit relation of the deceased  between the accused and the deceased, or regarding the  birth of the daughter of the deceased.

18. This witness categorically states that on the day  of the incident, the accused had not come for work and  nor had he gone to Hansot on that day. She states that  the accused was at home when she left the house for  work in the morning. She does not know where he went  thereafter.   This   witness   denies   the   suggestion   that  she   came   home   alone   for   lunch   or   that   she   was   not  accompanied by the deceased, who had stated that she  was   not   hungry   and   had   stayed   in   the   field.   She  further denies that her mother had asked her why she  had come home alone or that she told her mother that  the deceased was not hungry, therefore, she had come  alone   for   lunch.   This   witness   states   in   cross­ examination   that   men   are   also   employed   for  agricultural   labour   along   with   women   and   an   axe   is  usually used for cutting trees etc. She maintains that  when   she   was   working   in   the   field,   the   accused  suddenly came there and ran after his wife. She states  Page 19 of 53 HC-NIC Page 19 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT that both ran towards the "Samadi" tree. However, she  denies that there was any altercation between the two  or that the accused had seen the deceased behind the  bushes   in   a   compromising   position   with   Ramesh   and  therefore,   he   had   started   quarrelling   with   her.   She  denies   the   suggestion   that   the   deceased   had   used  vulgar   language   and   stated   that  "You   are   not   a   man   and you are unable to do anything, therefore, I have  to   go   to   another   man   and   I   will   continue   to   have  intercourse   with   him   and   you   can   do   nothing   about  it." She categorically denies that there was a scuffle  between   the   accused   and   the   deceased   and   that   the  deceased   pushed   the   accused,   who   fell   near   the  "Samadi" tree where the axe was lying. She denies the  suggestion that the handle of the axe came into the  hand of the accused when he fell down. She also denies  that the accused was provoked by the deceased and in  anger  and   provocation,   hit  the   deceased   on   the   head  with   the   axe.   She   states   that   after   hitting   the  deceased, the accused threw the axe on the spot and  walked away. This witness denies the suggestion that  the axe used by the accused was given by her to the  Police. She states that the accused showed the axe to  Page 20 of 53 HC-NIC Page 20 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT the Police the next day. This witness has denied that  she   has   deposed   falsely   in   order   to   save   the  reputation of her sister, the deceased.

19. PW­9,   Bharatiben   Manharbhai,   who   has   deposed   at  Exhibit­31 is another eye­witness of the incident. She  has stated that on the day of the incident she, along  with   other   labourers   such   as   Ushaben,   Manishaben,  Gomanbhai etc. had gone to work in the field of PW­10.  They   came   home   for   lunch   at   about   12.00   noon   and  returned to the field at about         2.00 p.m. While  they   were   working   in   the   field,   the   accused   ran  towards the deceased with an axe. The deceased started  running and the accused went after her, caught her and  made   her   fall   to   the   ground.   The   accused   hit   the  deceased   on   the   head   with   the   axe   and   the   deceased  died   on   the   spot.   She   states   that   she   has   seen   the  incident with her own eyes. In cross­examination, this  witness states that an axe is used for cutting trees  etc. and male agricultural labourers are usually given  such work, whereas female agricultural labourers are  given the work of weeding. She states that though the  accused   used   to   work   as     an   agricultural   labourer,  Page 21 of 53 HC-NIC Page 21 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT however, on the day of the incident he had not come  for such work. This witness further states, in answer  to   a   question   asked   to   her,   that   the   deceased   was  accompanied   by   her   sister,   Manishaben.   She  categorically denies the suggestion that there was an  altercation between the accused and the deceased and  states   that   she   does   not   know   the   reason   why   the  accused killed the deceased. This witness states that  the   accused   came   towards   the   deceased   and   started  quarrelling,   but   denies   the   suggestion   that   the  deceased said anything in return. She denies that the  accused had told the deceased that he knew what she  was doing behind the bushes with that boy, as he had  seen   her.   She   further   denies   that   the   deceased   had  said   to   the   accused   that   he   is   not   a   man   and   is  incapable of doing anything, therefore, she would go  to another man. She further denies that the deceased  used   crude   and   vulgar   language   or   that   there   was   a  scuffle   between   the   accused   and   the   deceased.   She  denies that the deceased pushed the accused and made  him fall to the ground or that the hand of the accused  fell on the handle of an axe and he hit the deceased  with the axe in anger upon being provoked by the words  Page 22 of 53 HC-NIC Page 22 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT of   the   deceased.   This   witness   states   that   after  hitting the deceased with the axe, the accused threw  the axe and went away.

20. Rajendrabhai   Jentibhai,   the   owner   of   the   field  where  the   incident   took  place,   has   been   examined   as  PW­10. His deposition is at Exhibit­33. He is not an  eye­witness   but   came   to   the   field   after   he   was  informed of the incident. He states that he had sown a  crop of ladies­finger in his field and on the day of  the   incident   the   deceased,   her   sister   Manishaben,  Sitaben, Manjuben and other labourers had come to work  in   the   field.   After   explaining   the   work   to   the  labourers at about 10.30 a.m., he had gone to Kapodara  village.   When   he   was   at   Kapodara,   he   was  telephonically informed by the Sarpanch  PW­1 that one  of the labourers working in his field, namely, Ushaben  had   been   killed   by   her   husband,   the   accused.   He,  therefore, immediately returned to the field where he  saw   the   dead   body   of   the   deceased   lying   there.   In  cross­examination,   this   witness   has   stated   that   a  small "Dhariya" is used for the purpose of weeding. He  states that for cutting trees the male labourers use  an axe. He denies the suggestion that on the day of  Page 23 of 53 HC-NIC Page 23 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT the   incident   any   male   labourer   had   been   engaged   by  him. He denies that Gomanbhai had been engaged as a  labourer by him on that day.

21. The Sarpanch of the village Thakorbhai Maganbhai  Patel has been examined as PW­11 at Exhibit­34. He has  also been examined as PW­1 as a Panch witness. He is  not   an   eye­witness   of   the   incident   but   reached   the  spot after being informed that the accused had killed  the   deceased   with   an   axe   in   the   field   of   PW­10.   He  states that after he came to know of the incident, he  informed   the   Police,   who   came   there.   He   denies   the  suggestion   that   he   has   deposed   falsely   in   order   to  save the reputation of the deceased. 

22. Dr.Dakshesh Chimanlal Chauhan, who has performed  the Postmortem upon the dead body of the deceased, has  been examined as PW­12 at Exhibit­36. He describes the  external injuries on the body. The deceased suffered  three external injuries on her   head. He states that  due   to   these   three   head   injuries,   the   scull   of   the  deceased had cracked and brain matter could be seen.  He categorically states that no fracture injuries were  found   on   the   body   of   the   deceased.   This   witness  Page 24 of 53 HC-NIC Page 24 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT describes   the   three   internal   injuries   found   on   the  body of the deceased which correspond to the external  injuries.   He   has   proved   the   Postmortem   Report   at  Exhibit­38,   prepared   by   him.   His   deposition  corresponds   with   the   injuries   described   in   the  Postmortem   Report.   The   cause   of   death,  as  stated   in  the Postmortem Report, is   Cardio­respiratory failure  due to traumatic Haemorrhagic shock caused by a fatal  injury to the skull and brain. This witness has stated  in   the   cross­examination   that   in   the   case   of   the  deceased her stomach was found to be empty.

23. PW­13,   Surendrabhai   Lakshmanbhai,   is   a   Head  Constable.   His   deposition   is   at   Exhibit­40.   He   has  stated that at the time of handing over the body of  the deceased for postmortem, the clothes worn by her  were taken into custody and sealed by him and sent  to  the Forensic Science Laboratory for examination.

24. PW­14,   Jaypalsinh   Pravinsinh   Jadeja,   is   the  Investigating   Officer,   who   has   been   examined   at  Exhibit­44.   This   witness   states   the   details   of   the  steps taken by him during the course of investigation,  such as taking statements of witnesses etc. He further  Page 25 of 53 HC-NIC Page 25 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT states that he was present when the Panchnama of the  Scene of Offence was drawn up and the blood­soaked­mud  and the control sample of mud were taken from the spot  and   sealed   in   different   boxes.   On   getting   the   news  regarding the accused, he went to Obha village along  with   other   Panch   witnesses   where   the   accused   was  sleeping in the school building. He took a torch and  search light and woke up the accused and asked him his  name. The accused was wearing a black colour T­shirt  and   jeans,   which   had   blood­stains   on   the   back.   He  states that the clothes worn by the accused were taken  into custody and the accused was given other clothes  to wear. This witness further states that thereafter,  they   returned   to   Hansot.   The   weapon   of   offence,  namely,   the   axe   was   recovered   at   the   behest   of   the  accused from the bushes. The axe was blood­stained and  there was a bunch of hair on it. A Recovery Panchnama  was drawn up in the presence of the Panch witnesses.  Thereafter, the accused was taken into custody. This  witness   has   denied   the   suggestion   that   the   axe   was  lying at a place where it could be seen by all or that  he was deposing falsely regarding the recovery of the  axe. He denies that the axe was found near the body of  Page 26 of 53 HC-NIC Page 26 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT the deceased.

25. The   above,   in   a   nutshell,   is   the   oral   evidence  that   has   come   on   record.   The   documentary   evidence,  such   as   the   Postmortem   Report,   corroborates   the  injuries   received   by   the   deceased   as   stated   by   the  Doctor in his deposition. The Serology Report of the  Forensic Science Laboratory indicates that there was a  presence   of   human   blood   of   Group­A   in   the   blood­ soaked­mud sample and the axe, the pant of the accused  and the nighty worn by the deceased, as also on the  bunch of hair stuck to the axe. A cotton swab blood  from the body of the deceased was taken at the time of  postmortem which, when examined serologically, showed  the   presence   of   human   blood   of   the   A­Group.   On   the  basis of the above oral and documentary evidence, the  Sessions   Court   arrived   at   the   conclusion   that   the  charge   against   the   accused   was   proved   beyond  reasonable doubt.

 

26. In the background of the above evidence, Ms.Kiran  Pandey,  learned   counsel  for   the   appellant   has  submitted   that   the   prosecution   witnesses   who   have  allegedly witnessed the incident and are stated to be  Page 27 of 53 HC-NIC Page 27 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT eye­witnesses,   all   live   in   the   same   area.   No  independent   witnesses   have   been   examined.   All   these  witnesses support the family of the deceased and the  version of the prosecution. If the accused wanted to  murder his wife there was no reason why he would wait  for such a long time. The appellant could have done so  when   a   daughter   was   born   to   the   deceased   while   the  appellant was in Ahmedabad. 

26.1   It   is   submitted   that   the   Trial   Court   has   not   properly   appreciated   the   case   put   forward   by   the   defence,   regarding   the   grave   provocation   at   the   behest   of the deceased to the accused, which led him to commit   the   offence.   The   Trial   Court   ought   to   have   given   the   benefit   of   doubt   to   the   accused   insofar   as   the   charge   under Section­302 of the IPC is concerned, holding that   the case falls under Exception­1 of Section­300. 26.2   That   certain   witnesses   have   deposed   that   the   appellant hit the deceased with an axe, threw it and ran   away. The Police witness says that he had to search for   the   axe.   The   axe   was   ultimately   stated   to   have   been   recovered from the place where the incident took place.

 

There   is   a   contradiction   in   the   depositions   of   the   Page 28 of 53 HC-NIC Page 28 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT witnesses insofar as the axe is concerned.  26.3   That   PW­8,   Manishaben,   has   stated   that   the  appellant was running behind the deceased. However, it  is not clear why the deceased was running behind her  and this aspect has not been dealt with by the Trial  Court at all. This is a fit case where the appellant  ought   to   be   extended   the   benefit   of   Exception­1   to  Section­300 of the IPC and the offence ought to have  been converted to culpable homicide not amounting to  murder, as the appellant committed the act under grave  provocation  at  the   words   of   the   deceased   who  stated  that he is incapable of doing anything and she has to  go to another man. The appellant lost his self­control  under this provocation and the incident took place in  the heat of the moment as the appellant had seen the  deceased in a compromising position. This aspect has  not been examined in proper perspective by the Trial  Court.

26.4   That  the  angle  that  the  deceased  did   not  come  home   for   lunch   with   the   other   witnesses   but   stayed  back in the field also indicates that she wanted to  meet   Ramesh.   This   aspect   is   corroborated   by   the  Page 29 of 53 HC-NIC Page 29 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT evidence   of   PW­12,   the   doctor,   who   performed   the  postmortem   of   the   body   of   the   deceased,   who   stated  that the stomach of the deceased was empty. Had the  deceased  come   home   for   lunch,  there  would  have   been  food in her stomach.

26.5   That it has come in evidence that the deceased  was   wearing   a   nighty   at   the   time   of   her   death.  Normally, a married woman would wear a Saree and the  fact that she was wearing a nighty further indicates  that she was going to meet Ramesh.

26.6   That   it   has   come   in   the   evidence   of   the  witnesses that the owner of the field would normally  give   implements   such   as   an   axe   to   the   labourers,  therefore,   this   axe   was   not   brought   by   the   accused  with   him   but   was   given   to   him   by   the   owner   of   the  field.

26.7  It is submitted that in view of the above, this  Court may consider extending the benefit of Exception­ 1 of Section­300 to the appellant and the offence may  be converted to one under Section­304 (Part­I) IPC.

27. Per   contra,   Mr.J.K.Shah,  learned   Additional  Page 30 of 53 HC-NIC Page 30 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT Public   Prosecutor  has   submitted   that   there   are   five  eye­witnesses   who   have   seen   the   incident   and   have  consistently   deposed   that   the   accused   came   upto   the  deceased at her place of work and inflicted axe blows  on her head. They have all deposed that there was no  altercation between the accused and the deceased and  that   the   deceased   never   used   crude   or   derogatory  language to the accused so as to give credence to the  theory of sudden and grave provocation that is being  set up by the defence. The evidence of all these eye­ witnesses   is   consistent   and   cogent,   therefore,   the  theory   of   grave   and   sudden  provocation  given  by  the  deceased to the accused cannot be believed. 27.1   It is further submitted that the onus to prove  sudden   provocation   is   on   the   defence,   which   has  not  been discharged. This defence has emerged only in the  Written   Statement   of   the   accused,   but   no   witnesses  have been examined in support of this angle. None of  the   prosecution   witness   have   deposed   regarding   the  presence of Ramesh, with whom the deceased allegedly  had   illicit  relations   and   none   saw   him  running   away  from   the   scene,   as   stated   by   the   accused   in   his  further statement.



                                      Page 31 of 53

HC-NIC                              Page 31 of 53     Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017
                   R/CR.A/74/2012                                          JUDGMENT




27.2  Learned Additional Public Prosecutor has further  submitted   that   the   evidence   of   PW­12,   Dr.Dakshesh  Chimanlal   Chauhan,   reveals   that   there   were   three  external   injuries   on   the   head   of   the   deceased  corresponding to three internal injuries. The present,  therefore,   is   not   a   case   of   a   single   blow   being  inflicted   upon   the   deceased   due   to   grave   or   sudden  provocation   but   a   premeditated   murder.   That   the  entirety of the evidence on record does not point to  any   grave   or   sudden   provocation   and  the   defence  has  remained unsuccessful in proving the same before the  Trail   Court.   The   conviction   of   the   accused   under  Section­302 of the IPC is just and proper and there is  no   legitimate   ground   to   convert   it   to   Section­304  (Part­I) of the IPC

27.3   In   support   of   his   submissions,  learned  Additional Public Prosecutor  has relied upon certain  judgments   that   the   Court   would   deal   with   at   the  relevant stage.

28. After   appreciating   the   evidence   on   record,   the   Trial   Court   arrived   at   the   conclusion   that   the   prosecution   had   proved   its   case   beyond   reasonable   Page 32 of 53 HC-NIC Page 32 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT doubt. The case set up by the defence that the accused   gave an axe blow to the deceased as a result of grave   and   sudden   provocation   was   disbelieved   by   the   Trial   Court,  inter­alia, on the ground that it does not get  support   from   the   testimonies   of   any   of   the   eye­ witnesses,   even   in   cross­examination.   All   the   eye­ witnesses have denied the case put up by the appellant   to the effect that there was an altercation between him   and the deceased and the deceased used vulgar language   and said that "You are not a man and you are unable to  do anything, therefore, I have to go to another man and   I   will   continue   to   have   intercourse   with   him   and   you   can do nothing about it."

29. Before   this   Court,   learned   counsel   for   the   appellant   has   laid   emphasis   on   aspect   of   grave   and   sudden   provocation   by   the   deceased   leading   to   the   incident taking place. It is, however, not denied that   the incident took place. It is sought to be argued that   the   accused   was   incensed   by   the   crude   language   allegedly   used   by   the   deceased   and   lost   his   self­   control, leading to the commission of the offence.

30. It has been submitted on behalf of the appellant  Page 33 of 53 HC-NIC Page 33 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT that all the eye­witnesses live in the same area as  the   deceased,   which   makes   them   interested   witnesses  and renders their depositions unreliable. It has also  been   urged   that   no   independent   witnesses   have   been  examined. We are unable to accept this argument as the  eye­witnesses who have seen the offence taking place  were   working   as   agricultural   labourers   in   the   same  field   where   the   deceased   was   working.   They   may   be  living   in   the   same   street   or   area   as   the   deceased.  However, this fact, in itself, does not mean that they  are   untrustworthy   or   unreliable   witnesses   or   that  their   testimonies   cannot   be   believed   on   this   ground  alone. They are natural witnesses who happened to be  working   with   the   deceased   on   the   fateful   day.   Just  because they reside in the same locality cannot be a  reason to discredit them or disregard their versions,  which   are   otherwise   consistent   and   corroborate   each  other on all material aspects. PWs­5 to 9, who have  witnessed   the   incident,   have   deposed   that   the  appellant   approached   the   deceased   while   she   was  working in the field and started saying something to  her. He aimed the axe, which was in his hand, at her.  On seeing this, the deceased ran and the accused ran  Page 34 of 53 HC-NIC Page 34 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT after her. The accused caught hold of her and made her  fall to the ground after which he inflicted axe blows  on the head of the deceased. This version emerges with  great   clarity   and   consistency   in   the   depositions   of  all the eye­witnesses. There may be  slight variations  in the description of the incident in the testimonies  of   certain   witnesses,   especially     whether   the  appellant threw the axe on the spot after giving blows  to   the   deceased   or   whether   he   threw   it   in   the  sugarcane field. This discrepancy, however, is not so  material so as to go to the root of the testimonies of  these   witnesses,   who   have   all   categorically   stated  that the accused hit the deceased on the head with the  axe and they have witnessed the incident. Besides, the  axe was recovered at the behest of the accused.

31. All   the   above   prosecution   witnesses   have  categorically denied, even in cross­examination, that  there   was   a   scuffle   between   the   deceased   and   the  accused or that the deceased had pushed the accused so  that he fell down on the ground and the handle of the  axe came into his hand. They have further denied that  the   deceased   had   said   to   the   accused   that  "You   are  not   a   man   and   you   are   unable   to   do   anything,   Page 35 of 53 HC-NIC Page 35 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT therefore,   I   have   to   go   to   another   man   and   I   will   continue to have intercourse with him and you can do  nothing about it." 

32. The evidence on record, as discussed above, does  not   support   the   defence   theory   of   the   act   being  committed as a result of grave and sudden provocation,  as sought to be urged on behalf of the appellant. Had  there been any truth in the version of the defence, as  stated in the written statement of the appellant, it  would  have   got  some   corroboration   from  at  least  one  witness   who   was   present   at   the   spot.   There   is   no  reason   to   believe   that   all   the   eye­witnesses   have  deposed falsely. They have no reason to do so and it  is not the case of the defence that all, or any, of  them are enmically disposed towards the appellant.

33. Only   one   prosecution   witness,   PW­8,   Manishaben  who   is   also   an   eye­witness,   is   related   to   the  deceased,   being   her   sister.   The   evidence   given   by  Manishaben is corroborated in all material aspects by  the evidence of PWs­4, 5, 6 and 7, who are not related  to either PW­8 or the deceased. PW­8 has stated that  at   about   12.00   noon,   she   and   the   deceased   had   gone  Page 36 of 53 HC-NIC Page 36 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT home for lunch. In the defence put up by the accused,  it   is   stated   that   when   the   accused   reached   home   at  lunch time, he asked his mother­in­law (mother of the  deceased) whether the deceased had come home for lunch  and   his   mother­in­law   had   said   that   PW­8   had   come  alone for lunch and told her that the deceased was not  hungry   so   she   had   not   come   home.   It   is   further   the  case of the defence that after lunch the accused was  told   by   a   friend     that   he   had   seen   Ramesh   Vasava  coming   towards   the   village.   Suspecting   that   Ramesh  Vasava   was   going   to   meet   the   deceased,   the   accused  went to the sugarcane field, where he saw the deceased  and   Ramesh   Vasava   in   a   compromising   position.   On  seeing him, Ramesh Vasava went away and the deceased  ran towards the field of PW­10 where other labourers  were working. It is then that the deceased had said  that  "You   are   not   a   man   and   you   are   unable   to   do  anything, therefore, I have to go to another man and  I will continue to have intercourse with him and you  can   do   nothing  about  it."  This  enraged   and  provoked  the   accused.   The   deceased   then   pushed   the   accused  hard, causing him to  fall down near the "Samadi" tree  where   the   handle   of   the   axe   which   was   lying   there,  Page 37 of 53 HC-NIC Page 37 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT came into his hand. In his anger and provocation and  without thinking of the consequence, the accused gave  axe   blows   on   the   head   of   the   deceased,   without   any  intention of killing her.

34. It   has   come   in   the   cross­examination   of   PW­10,  Rajendrabhai Jentilal, the owner of the field who had  engaged the deceased and other witnesses as labourers  to   work   on   his   field   on   that   day   that   he   had   not  engaged any male labourer on that day. The implements  to work in the field are usually provided by the owner  of   the   field.   There   are   different   implements   for  weeding and different implements for cutting trees and  branches. An axe is used to cut trees and branches.  The work of weeding is usually done by women labourers  and the work of cutting trees and branches is given to  male labourers. It has come in the evidence of other  witnesses as well that on the day of the incident the  accused was not working in the field of PW­10. That  being   so,   the   story   that   the   axe   was   given   to   the  accused by PW­10 is false. PW­10 has also denied that  the appellant was engaged as a labourer by him on the  day of the incident. The appellant had brought the axe  Page 38 of 53 HC-NIC Page 38 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT with   him   as   stated   by   the   eye­witnesses.   The   story  that   the   deceased   pushed   him   to   the   ground   and   the  handle of the axe, which was already lying there, came  into   his   hand   is   not   believable   and   finds   no  corroboration from any quarter.

35. The  case  put  up  by  the   defence  does  not  gather  any support from the evidence on record. As has been  noticed   above,   none   of   the   eye­witnesses   to   the  incident   have   referred   to   any   grave   and   sudden  provocation given by the deceased to the accused. On  the contrary, they have categorically denied it. Their  versions   have   stood   the   test   of   severe   cross­ examination. The mother of the deceased has not been  examined by the defence in order to bring out whether  the deceased came home for lunch, or not. Neither has  the   friend   of   the  accused,  who   purportedly   told  him  that   Ramesh   Vasava   was   seen   coming   towards   the  village, been examined as a defence witness. PWs­5 to  8 have categorically denied that the deceased had any  illicit relations with a person called Ramesh Vasava.  In   addition,   the   presence   of   Ramesh   Vasava,   in   or  around   the   spot,   or   even   in   the   adjoining  sugarcane  field where the accused purportedly saw him with the  Page 39 of 53 HC-NIC Page 39 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT deceased,   has   not  been   established   at   all.   None  has  deposed about his leaving the sugarcane field when the  accused   allegedly  caught   him   with   the   deceased   in   a  compromising   position.   There   were   so   many   labourers  working in the field and if the defence version had  any   truth   to   it,   at   least   one   witness   would   have  supported it.

36. In the case of  Arun Raj Vs. Union of India and  others,  reported in  (2010) 6 SCC 457  and relied upon  by   the  learned   Additional   Public   Prosecutor,   the  Supreme Court has dealt with the law regarding grave  and sudden provocation and Exception­1 to Section­300  of the IPC, in the following manner :

"15. At   this   state   itself,   it   is   relevant   to  notice Section 300 IPC: 
"Section­300.   Murder­   Except   in   the   cases  hereinafter   excepted,   culpable   homicide   is  murder,   if   the   act   by   which   the   death   is  caused is done with the intention of causing   death, or­  Secondly­ If it is done with  the intention  of   causing   such   bodily   injury   as   the  offender   knows   to   be   likely   to   cause   the  death   of   the   person   to   whom   the   harm   is   caused, or­  Thirdly­ If it is done with the intention of   Page 40 of 53 HC-NIC Page 40 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT causing bodily injury to any person and the  bodily   injury   intended   to   be   inflicted   is  sufficient in the ordinary course of nature  to cause death, or­ Fourthly­   If   the   person   committing   the   act   knows   that   it   is   so   imminently   dangerous  that   it   must,   in   all   probability,   cause  death or such bodily injury as is likely to  cause   death,   and   commits   such   act   without  any excuse for incurring the risk of causing   death or such injury as aforesaid. 
Exception   1­When   culpable   homicide   is   not  murder­   Culpable   homicide   is   not   murder   if   the   offender,   whilst   deprived   of   the   power   of   self­control   by   grave   and   sudden  provocation, causes the death of the person  who gave the provocation or causes the death   of any other person by mistake or accident. 
The   above   exception   is   subject   to   the  following provisos­  First­That   the   provocations   not   sought   or  voluntarily   provoked   by   the   offender   as   an   excuse   for   killing   or   doing   harm   to   any  person. 
Secondly­That   the   provocation   is   not   given  by anything done in obedience to the law, or   by a  public servant  in the lawful exercise  of the powers of such public servant.  Thirdly­That   the   provocations   not   given   by  Page 41 of 53 HC-NIC Page 41 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT anything done in the lawful exercise of the  right of private defence.
 
Explanation­Whether   the   provocation   was  grave   and   sudden   enough   to   prevent   the  offence   from   amounting   to   murder   is   a  question of fact." 

16. The   aforesaid   Section   provides   five  exceptions   wherein   the   culpable   homicide  would not amount to murder. Under Exception  1,   an   injury   resulting   into   death   of   the  person   would   not   be   considered   as   murder  when the offender has lost his self­control  due to the grave and sudden provocation. It  is also  important to mention at  this stage  that the provision itself makes it clear by  the   Explanation   provided,   that   what   would  constitute   grave   and   sudden   provocation,  which would be enough to prevent the offence   from amounting to murder,  is a question of  fact.   Provocation   is   an   external   stimulus   which   can   result   into   to   loss   of   self­ control. Such provocation and the resulting  reaction   need   to   be   measured   from   the  surrounding   circumstances.   Here   the  provocation must  be such as will upset not  merely   a   hasty,   hot   tempered   and  hypersensitive person but also a person with   clam   nature   and   ordinary   sense.   What   is  sought by the law by creating the exception  Page 42 of 53 HC-NIC Page 42 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT is   that   to   take   into   consideration   situations   wherein   a   person   with   normal  behavior reacting to the given incidence of  provocation.   Thus,   the   protection   extended  by   the   exception   is   to   the   normal   person  acting normally in the given situation."

37. Applying the aforesaid principles of law to the  facts and evidence in the present case, we find that  the   appellant   has  failed   to   establish   the  aspect   of  grave and sudden provocation. After noticing several  judgments of Foreign Courts and its own judgments, on  this   aspect,   the   Supreme   Court   has   further   held   as  below : 

"29. It   is   clear   from   the   above   line   of   cases,  that   it   is   necessary   to   prove   first   that  there   was   an   intention   of   causing   bodily  injury; and that the injury intended to be  inflicted   is   sufficient   in   the   ordinary  course   of   nature   to   cause   death.   From   the  evidence   on   record,   it   is   very   clear   that  the   appellant   intended   to   cause   death.   In  light   of   this   finding,   the   evidence   on  record makes it clear that Section 304 Part  II of the IPC will not be attracted. Further   PW­1, in his cross­examination asserts that  the deceased held his hand out after he was  stabbed in the chest. It is very likely that   Page 43 of 53 HC-NIC Page 43 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT this   action   on   the   part   of   the   deceased  prevented   the   appellant   from   stabbing   him  multiple number of times. The argument might   deserve some merit in case there is a sudden   altercation which ensues in the heat of the  moment and there is no deliberate planning."

38. From the evidence on record in the present case  it emerges that there was clearly an intention on the  part   of   the   accused   to   give   a   bodily   injury   to   the  deceased. The injuries inflicted on the deceased were  sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause  death.   There   were   three   grave   external   and   three  corresponding   internal   injuries   which   any   reasonable  person would understand as being fatal.

39. In Sukhlal Sarkar Vs. Union of India and others,  reported in  (2012)  5 SCC  703, the Supreme Court has  described   the   expression   "grave   and   sudden  provocation" as below :

"10. The meaning of the expressions "grave" and  "sudden"   provocation   has   come   up   for  consideration   before   this   Court   in   several  cases and it is unnecessary to refer to the  judgments   in   those   cases.   The   expression  "grave" indicate that provocation be of such   Page 44 of 53 HC-NIC Page 44 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT a   nature   so   as   to   give   cause   for   alarm   to   the   appellant.   "Sudden"   means   an   action  which must be quick and unexpected so far as   to   provoke   the   appellant.   The   question  whether provocation was grave and sudden is  a question of fact and not one of law. Each   case   is   to   be   considered   according   to   its  own facts. 
11. Under   Exception   1   of   Section   300,  provocation   must   be   grave   and   sudden   and  must have by gravity and suddenness deprived   the appellant of the power of self­control,  and   not   merely   to   set   up   provocation   as   a  defence. It is not enough to show that the  appellant   was   provoked   into   loosing   his  control, must be shown that the provocation  was such as would in the circumstances have  caused the reasonable man to loose his self­   control. A person could claim the benefit of   provocation has to show that the provocation   was grave and sudden that he was deprived of   power of self­control and that he caused the   death of a person while he was still in that  state of mind." 

40. As   stated   earlier,   the   evidence   reveals   that   the   defence   has   failed   to   prove   its   theory   of   any   provocation, leave alone grave and sudden provocation.





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                    R/CR.A/74/2012                                             JUDGMENT



41. In  Raj   Kumar   Vs.   State   of   Punjab,  reported   in  (2015)   16   SCC   337,   while   discussing   Exception­1   to  Section­300   and   whether   the   offence   would   amount   to  murder or culpable homicide not amounting to murder,  the Supreme Court has held as below :

"8. In this appeal by special leave, challenging   the correctness of the decision  of the High   Court, we have heard the learned counsel for   both the parties. It was submitted on behalf   of   the   appellant   that   though   no   positive  evidence was led by the appellant in support   of his plea of sudden and grave provocation,   the material on record itself indicated that   there were abuses hurled at him as a result  of   which   he   was   provoked   to   fire   upon   the  deceased.   He   thus   submitted   that   the   view  taken by the trial court was a correct view  which   ought   not   to   have   been   set   aside   by  the High Court. 
9. We have considered the rival submissions. It   is worthwhile to note that in his statement  under   Section   313   of   the   Code   of   Criminal  Procedure,   the   accused   has   come   out   with  complete denial including the denial of his  presence at the place of occurrence itself.  He   has   chosen   not   to   lead   any   positive   evidence from his side. It is true that the  plea   of   sudden   and   grave   provocation   can  Page 46 of 53 HC-NIC Page 46 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT still   be   proved   by   him   provided   there   is  material   on   record.   In   that   view   of   the  matter, if we analyze the material, both the   eye witnesses, namely, PW­2 Anil Chhabar and   PW­3   Gurbachan   Singh   are   quite   cogent   and  consistent that there was an altercation and   that soon thereafter the appellant took out  his   licensed   weapon   and   fired   upon   the  deceased. Even if we were to accept that any   abuses   were   hurled   by   the   deceased,  questions   such   as   who   was   responsible   for  such   verbal   altercation,   who   had   initiated  such verbal altercation, what was the extent   of such abuse, whether such abuses would, in   normal   circumstances,   have   provoked   a  reasonable   minded   person   still   remain  unanswered. These are issues which ought to  have been proved by way of positive evidence   or   inferences   clearly   discernible   from   the  record.   We   do   not   find   any   material   even  suggesting such inferences. In our view, the   High Court was complete right and justified  in   negating   the   plea   of   "sudden   and   grave   provocation". We, therefore, affirm the view  taken   by   the   High   Court   and   dismiss   the  present appeal."

42. The above judgment squarely applies to the facts  of the present case as the appellant has not chosen to  lead any positive evidence in support of his plea of  Page 47 of 53 HC-NIC Page 47 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT sudden   and   grave   provocation   at   the   behest   of   the  deceased, as a result of which he inflicted axe blows  on the head of the deceased.

43. From   the   evidence   on   record,   especially   the  evidence of PW­12, Dr.Dakshesh Chimanlal Chauhan which  is corroborated by the Postmortem Report, there were  three external injuries on the head of the deceased as  below :

"(1) 11x4   cm.   brain   deep   oblique   clean   incised  wound M Lt.Parital region of scalp extending   from the @ above Lt.Ear upto the lower part  of occipital region.
(2) Massive   16   1/2   x   9   1/2   cm   brain   deep  horizontal   clean   incised   wound   extending  from the Lt.Parital region of scalp upto the   mid­occipital region.
(3) 7   1/2   x   5   cm   brain   deep   vertical   clean   incised   wound   extending   from   the   Rt.upper  part of  Occipital region of scalp upto the  lower part of occipital reion. (This injury  has   crossed   injury   No.(2)   from   the   Rt.  Side).   The   whole   of   Lacerated   and   reptured   brain   material   seen   outside   the   above   (1),   (2), and (3) injuries." 

44. There   are   also   three   internal   injuries  Page 48 of 53 HC-NIC Page 48 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT corresponding   to   the   external   injuries,   which   are  described as under :

"(1) 8   1/2   x   3   1/2   cm  cut   injury   of   Lt.parital   bone beneath injury No.1 of column No.17. (2) 12   x   4   cm   cut   injury   of   Lt.   Parital   bone   beneath injury No.2 of column No.17. (3) 6 x 4 1/2 cm cut injury over upper part of  occipital bone beneath injury No.3 of column   No.17.

   ­ Massive   laceration   and   rupture   of   brain  matter   on   the   Lt.parital   region   and  occipital   region.   Lacerated   part   of   brain  material on posterior and lateral side seen  lying out side of the skull."

45. All   these   injuries   were   ante­mortem.   On   being  shown the axe, the weapon of offence, PW­12 has stated  that the injuries sustained by the deceased could have  been inflicted by the said weapon.

46. The nature of injuries and the force with which  the said injuries have been inflicted by the appellant  on the head of the deceased, leaves no manner of doubt  regarding the intention of the appellant to cause the  death   of   the   deceased   or   the   knowledge   that   such  injuries on a delicate part of the body could prove  Page 49 of 53 HC-NIC Page 49 of 53 Created On Thu Jul 06 23:57:05 IST 2017 R/CR.A/74/2012 JUDGMENT fatal. 

47. The accused gave three axe blows to the deceased  on her head, which is the most sensitive part of the  body. The blows were given with such force that the  scull   of   the   deceased   had   cracked   open   and   brain  material had come out. It cannot be believed that such  forceful  blows  could  have   been   given   if   the   accused  had no intention of killing the deceased. 

48. The so­called contradiction in the depositions of  witnesses   insofar   as   the   axe   is   concerned   are   not  material, as the axe was recovered at the behest of  the accused, who has led the Police to the sugarcane  field where he had thrown it. The Panchnama in this  regard has been proved by the Panch witnesses. The axe  had  a bunch of hair  stuck  to  it  which  was found to  belong to the deceased. As per the samples of blood­ soaked­mud, the pant worn by the accused, the axe, and  the nighty worn by the deceased, her blouse and the  hair on the axe, were all stained with human blood of  the A­group, which is the blood group of the deceased,  as verified from the cotton swab taken from the body  of the deceased at the time of postmortem. 



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                  R/CR.A/74/2012                                            JUDGMENT




49. The aspect that the deceased was wearing a nighty  at   the   time   of   death   cannot   give   rise   to   any  presumption   that   she   had   donned   such   attire   as   she  intended to have an illicit rendezvous, as suggested  by   learned   counsel   for   the   appellant.   It   has   been  submitted that normally a married woman would wear a  Saree   and   the   fact   that   the   deceased   was   wearing   a  nighty   raises   a   suspicion   and   lends   support   to   the  defence   theory.   The   Court   is   unable   to   accept   this  submission merely because the deceased was wearing a  nighty at the time of the incident cannot lead to a  presumption that she intended to meet Ramesh Vasava.

50. The aspect that the stomach of the deceased was  empty   cannot   led   to   a   presumption   that   she   did   not  come   home   for   lunch   only   for   the   reason   that   she  wanted to meet Ramesh Vasava. PW­8 has categorically  stated   that   the   deceased   came   home   for   lunch   along  with   her.   The   mother   of   the   deceased,   who   has  allegedly told the accused that the deceased did not  come   home   for   lunch   has   not   been   examined   by   the  defence.





                                       Page 51 of 53

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                   R/CR.A/74/2012                                           JUDGMENT



51. Taking   into   consideration   the   totality   of   the  evidence on record, this Court is firmly of the view  that the case attempted to be set up by the appellant  does not fall under Exception­1 of Section­300 of the  Indian Penal Code and the conviction of the appellant  under   Section­302   is   just   and   proper.   There   is   no  material  on  record   to   convert  the   said  offence   into  one   under   Section­304   (Part­I)   of   the   Indian   Penal  Code

52. The   Trial   Court   has   properly   appreciated   the  evidence   on   record   and   has,   in   our   view,   rightly  disbelieved the case set up by the defence as there is  no material to support it. The defence has failed to  produce   sufficient   material   on   record   to   bring   the  case   under   Exception­1   of   Section­300   of   the   Indian  Penal Code. There is no justifiable reason, therefore,  to   interfere   with   the   conviction   of   the   appellant  under Section­302 of the Indian Penal Code.

53. In   view   of   the   above,   we   find   no   merit   in   the  appeal. The appeal is, therefore, dismissed. 





                                                     (SMT. ABHILASHA KUMARI, J.)




                                       Page 52 of 53

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                    R/CR.A/74/2012                                         JUDGMENT




                                                                       (A.J. SHASTRI, J.)
         Gaurav+




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