Telangana High Court
K. Gangadhar Raju vs The State Of Telangana on 1 May, 2025
THE HON'BLE SRI JUSTICE NAMAVARAPU RAJESHWAR RAO
WRIT PETITION No.32076 of 2024
ORDER:
The present Writ Petition is filed to declare the impugned termination proceedings Rc.No.5923/A5/2024, dated 11.11.2024 issued by the 3rd respondent by terminating the services of the petitioner without issuing any Notice nor called for any explanation and without giving any opportunity, the said action of the respondents is as illegal, set aside the same and consequently direct the respondents to continue the petitioner as Secondary Grade Teacher Special Education (Telugu) at MPPS Narmilikonda, Kodimial Mandal, Jagtial District.
2. Heard Sri C. Raja Shekar Reddy, learned counsel for the petitioner, learned Government Pleader for Services-I for respondents No.1 to 3 and Sri B. Jithender, learned counsel for respondent No.4. Perused the record.
3. Brief facts of the case are that the petitioner is local of Jagtial District and he studies Intermediate in the year 1993 and passed B.A. in the year 1996 and passed Bachelor Degree in Special Education in the year 2000. He also studied Post 2 Graduate Professional Diploma in Special Education (PGPD- SEDE) in the year 2010 and with RCI (Rehabilitation Council of India) with CRR No.A21443 and with equivalency circular also issued on 25.01.2018, with all eligible qualifications the petitioner applied to the post of Secondary Grade Teacher Special Education, pursuant to the DSC Notification 24/RC- 1/TRT/DSC/2024 dated 29.02.2024 of School Education, Telangana, Hyderabad, issued by the 2nd respondent.
3(i) It is the further case of the petitioner that after applying the above said post, 2nd respondent issued Hall Ticket bearing No.244673150433 and examination was held on 20.07.2024 and he secured 67.60 marks and got 2nd rank under BC-D category. Pursuant to the same, the petitioner was called for certificate verification on 06.10.2024, after verification of the certificates, the petitioner was issued appointment orders vide proceedings Rc.No.5923/AS/2024, dated 15-10-2024 issued by the 3rd respondent. Thereafter, the petitioner joined in the MPPS, Narmilikonda, Kodimial Mandal, Jagtial District, vide proceedings dated 16.10.2024. Since then he was discharging his duties as a Secondary Grade Teacher Special Education (Telugu). While the matter stood thus, after 3 completion of 26 days of working as Secondary Grade Teacher Special Education (Telugu), the 3rd respondent without issuing any Notice nor called for any explanation, without giving any opportunity straight away issued the impugned termination orders vide proceedings in Rc.No.5923/A5/2024, dated 11.11.2024, is illegal and arbitrary and clear violation of Rules as contemplated.
3(ii) It is the further case of the petitioner that in the termination orders, the reasons were shown as under:
i) As per G.O.Ms.No.25, S.E. (Ser.III) Depart, dated:
05.09.2023 must possess Intermediate/senior secondary (or its equivalent) as recognized by the Board of the Intermediate with at least 50% marks (in case of SC/ST/BC/Differently abled candidates the minimum marks shall be 45%) and pass 2 years diploma in Elementary Education/Special Education in B.Ed. by 4 years Bachelor in Elementary education.
In this case Sri K. Gangadhar Raju, S/o.
Gopi Raju is having only 43.2% of marks in Intermediate instead of 45% of marks as he belongs to (BC-D) community.
ii) The 2nd reason is taken by the 3rd respondent that according to RCI Lr.No.7-91/RCI-2011, dated:
11.01.2012, candidate must possess Diploma in Special Education (or) PG Diploma in Community based rehabilitation PGDCBR with (6) months certificate course in CwSN is required. But, the 4 candidate is not having diploma/equivalent qualification in Special Education.
With the above said observations, the petitioner's appointment was cancelled.
4. Learned counsel for the petitioner further submits that the 3rd respondent ignored G.O.Ms.No.1, School Education (Ser.III) Department, dated 28.02.2024, wherein the amendment to the notification in respect of the (II) Secondary Grade Teacher 1) --- ii) read as follows:
ii). Must Possess Intermediate/ Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) as recognized by the Board of Intermediate, Telangana, with at least 45% Marks (In case of SC/ST/BC/Differently abled candidates, the minimum marks shall be 40%) in accordance with the NCTE (Recognition Norms and Procedure) Regulations, 2002 and pass in 2-year Diploma in Elementary Education/Special Education in D.Ed.
/4 year Bachelor in Elementary Education.
Whereas the petitioner secured 43.2% of marks in Intermediate. So, the first ground cannot be applicable to the petitioner. The 2nd ground taken by the 3rd respondent is that according to RCI Lr.No.7-91/RCI-2011, dated: 11.01.2012, candidate must possess Diploma in Special Education (or) PG Diploma in 5 Community based rehabilitation PGDCBR with (6) months certificate course in CwSN is required. But, the candidate is not having diploma/equivalent qualification in Special Education. It is not at all applicable to the petitioner and it is clearly contrary to the notification issued by the 2nd respondent dated 29.02.2024 whereas prescribed qualifications to the post of Special Education Teacher posts at Primary Level in the category of Secondary Grade Teacher is, pass in D.Ed. Special Education or its equivalent from an institution recognized by Rehabilitation Council of India with CRR Number. The petitioner is Post Graduate Professional Diploma in Special Education (PGPD-SEDE) with RCI (Rehabilitation Council of India) and must be registered with Rehabilitation Council of India with CRR No.A21443.
4(i) Learned counsel for the petitioner further submits that in view of the above said clarification, the impugned termination orders cannot be stand for legal scrutiny and the said orders were issued without there being notice nor given any opportunity to the petitioner to submit his explanation and on this ground itself the impugned termination orders can be suspended.
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5. A perusal of the record goes to show that this Court on 14.11.2024 granted interim direction that there shall be interim suspension of the impugned terminating order vide proceedings in Rc.No.5923/A5/2024 dated 11.11.2024 issued by respondent No.3 till 19.11.2024.
6. Later, learned counsel for respondents filed counter along with vacate stay petition stating that the Notification was issued for filling up of the vacant teacher posts in Government schools as well as Zilla Parishad /Mandal Parishad schools. The Teachers Recruitment Test (TG DSC-2024) was held on 18.07.2024 to 05.08.2024 and the results were released on 30.09.2024. After declaration of results, merit lists have been generated. Thereafter, the candidates who were in the order of merit for each category of post have been called for verification of certificates at 1:3 ratio. After thorough verification of the certificates of the candidates, appointment orders were issued to the candidates on 09.10.2024.
6(i) Learned counsel for respondents further submits that petitioner applied for the post of Secondary Grade Teacher under Special Education category with the following qualifications.
7Academic qualifications: 1. S.S.C., 2. Intermediate and 3. Β.Α. Professional qualification: PG Professional Diploma in Special Education (PGPD-SEDE). The petitioner has furnished information in his application which was submitted while applying to DSC-2024 through online that he has shown 45.2% of marks in Intermediate and furnished his professional qualification as Special D.Ed. As per the Notification issued for recruitment of teachers in DSC-2024, the qualifications for the post of Secondary Grade Teacher (Special Education) Rule 13 (II) (B) is as follows:
"B) Special Education Teacher posts at Primary Level in the category of Secondary Grade Teacher:-
1. Must Possess Intermediate / Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) as recognized by the Board of Intermediate, Telangana with at least 50% Marks (In case of SC/ST/BC/Differently abled candidates, the minimum marks shall be 45%) and Pass in D.Ed. Special Education or its equivalent from an institution recognized by Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) and must be registered with Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) with CRR Number.
2. Pass in Paper-1 of Telangana State Eligibility Test (TSTET) /Andhra Pradesh Teacher Eligibility Test (APTET) / Central Teacher Eligibility Test. (CTET)."8
6(ii) Learned counsel for respondents further submits that as per the Circular No.7-91/RC-1/2011, dated 11.01.2012, the Rehabilitation Council of India have developed guidelines for minimum requirement of RCI approved qualifications for appointment of Special Education Teachers. As per the said circular, candidates must possess Diploma in Special Education or PG Diploma in Community based rehabilitation PGDCBR with (6) months certificate course in CwSN is required. While issuing the Notification for recruitment of teachers in DSC-2024, the Government has taken into consideration the rules issued in G.O.Ms.No.25, School Education Department, dated 05.09.2023 and G.O.Ms.No.1, School Education Department, dated 28.02.2024. As per the Notification issued for the post of Secondary Grade Teacher (General) and Secondary Grade Teacher (Special Education) as follows:
II. Secondary Grade Teacher:-
A) Secondary Grade Teacher:-
ii. Must Possess Intermediate / Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) as recognized by the Board of Intermediate, Telangana with at least 45% Marks (In case of SC/ST/BC/ Differently abled candidates, the minimum marks shall be 40%) in accordance with the NCTE (Recognition Norms and 9 Procedure) Regulations, 2002 and pass in 2- year Diploma in Elementary Education / Special Education in D.Ed. / 4- year Bachelor in Elementary Education.
AND Pass in Paper-1 of Telangana State Eligibility Test (TSTET) / Andhra Pradesh Teacher Eligibility Test (APTET) / Central Teacher Eligibility Test. (CTET).
"B) Special Education Teacher posts at Primary Level in the category of Secondary Grade Teacher:-
1. Must Possess Intermediate / Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) as recognized by the Board of Intermediate, Telangana with at least 50% Marks (In case of SC/ST/BC/Differently abled candidates, the minimum marks shall be 45%) and Pass in D.Ed. Special Education or its equivalent from an institution recognized by Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) and must be registered with Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) with CRR Number.
AND II. Pass in Paper-1 of Telangana State Eligibility Test (TSTET) /Andhra Pradesh Teacher Eligibility Test (APTET) / Central Teacher Eligibility Test. (CTET)." 6(iii) Learned counsel for respondents further submits that the petitioner presumed that the qualifications prescribed for the post of Secondary Grade Teacher is applicable to the post of Secondary Grade Teacher (Special Education), and the presumption of the petitioner is not correct as both are 'different' posts and have different percentage of marks for each 10 post. Moreover, the petitioner was considered based on the false information submitted by the petitioner in the application stating that he is having 45.2% of marks in Intermediate education and has completed Special D.Ed as his professional qualification, but whereas, the petitioner is having 43.2% of marks in Intermediate and having only PG Professional Diploma in Special Education (PGPD-SEDE) which is not at relevant to the post claimed by him.
6(iv) Learned counsel for respondents further submits that the petitioner belongs to BC category and had got 2nd rank in SGT (Special Education) and posted at MPPS, Namilakonda, Kodimyal Mandal, Jagtial district. After issue of orders, certain complaints are received and as per the instructions of the Director School Education, Telangana, Hyderabad, a District Level Experts Committee for DSC-2024 was constituted for verification of appeal/grievances and complaints vide Proceedings dated 29.10.2024. The District Level Experts Committee DSC 2024 of Jagtial district has examine all the complaints/petitions with reference to the rules/G.Os and on re-verification of the certificates of the petitioner, it was found 11 that, the petitioner is not eligible to the post of Secondary Grade Teacher (Special Education) due to following reasons:
"a) The petitioner is having 43.2% of marks in Intermediate. whereas, as per the Notification, the candidates applying for Secondary Grade Teacher (Special Education) should have completed Intermediate with at least 50% of marks (In case SC/ST/BC/ Differently abled candidates the minimum macks shall be 45%).
b) The petitioner is having a qualification of PG Professional Diploma in Special Education (PGPD-SEDE), AS D R guidelines, the candidates must possess Diploma in Special Education or PG Diploma in Community Based Rehabilitation (PGDCBR) with six months certificate course in CwSN, The petitioner do not possess the above qualifications."
6(iv) Learned counsel for respondents further submits that the impugned order, dated 11.11.2024 was issued after due verification of petitioner's certificate by the Committee and found that the petitioner is not eligible to hold the post in accordance with qualification prescribed in the existing statutory rules. Therefore, the present action of the respondents is in accordance with law and even in the put on his notice, he will not improve his case, and the same is not a straight jacket formula in each and every case. It depends upon case to case, as held by Hon'ble Apex Court in catena of 12 judgments. Therefore, prayed to vacate the interim order and accordingly, dismiss the Writ Petition.
7. Learned counsel for the petitioner filed reply to the counter affidavit filed by the respondents inter alia contending that the respondents are depended on the circular dated 11.01.2012 which is not at all shown neither in the G.O.Ms.No.25, dated 05.09.2023 nor in the notification, as such, the said circular cannot be looked into and he relied upon the following judgments:
i) In the case of Ashish Kumar Vs State of Uttar Pradesh 1
8. A perusal of the record goes to show that the Commissioner of School Education, Telangana, Hyderabad, issued notification 24/RC-1/TRT/DSC/2024, dated 29.02.2024 with certain rules. At point No.13, under the caption Eligibility, under subheading (i) Educational Qualifications; it is stated that a candidate for selection to the posts of Teachers shall fully possess the academic and professional/training qualifications as mentioned as per G.O. Ms. No. 25, School Education (Ser.
III), Department, dated 05.09.2023 as amended with G.O.Ms. 1 (2018) 3 SCC 55 13 No.1, School Education (Ser.III) Department, dated 28.02.2024 and G.O.Ms.No.4, School Education (Ser.III) Department, dated 28.02.2024. So, the eligibility criteria shows that educational qualifications are decided basing on the G.O.Ms.No.25, G.O.Ms.No.1 and G.O.Ms.No.4. A perusal of the G.O.Ms.No.25, dated 05.09.2023 shows that for the post of Secondary Grade Teacher, a candidate (i) Must Possess Intermediate / Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) as recognised by the Board of Intermediate, Telangana, with at least 50% Marks (In case of SC/ST/DC/Differently abled candidates, the minimum marks shall be 45%) and Pass in 2-year Diploma in Elementary Education/Special Education in D.Ed/4-year Bachelor in Elementary Education. OR (ii) Must Possess Intermediate /Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) as recognised by the Board of Intermediate, Telangana, with at least 45% Marks (In case of SC/ST/BC/Differently abled candidates, the minimum marks shall be 40%) in accordance with the NCTE (Recognition Norms and Procedure) Regulations, 2002 (i.e those who are admitted into D.El.Ed. up to the year 2007) and pass in 2-year Diploma in Elementary Education / Special Education in D.Ed. /4-year Bachelor in Elementary Education.
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9. As per G.O.Ms.No.1, dated 28.02.2024, which was issued amending the Notification issued through G.O.Ms.No.25 as under:
Secondary Grade Teacher:-
(i) Must Possess Intermediate / Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) as recognised by the Board of Intermediate, Telangana, with at least 50% Marks (In case of SC/ST/BC/Differently abled candidates, the minimum marks shall be 45%) and Pass in 2-
year Diploma in Elementary Education/Special Education in D.Ed/4-year Bachelor in Elementary Education.
OR
(ii) Must possess Intermediate / Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) as recognised by the Board of Intermediate, Telangana, with at least 45% Marks (In case of SC/ST/BC/Differently abled candidates, the minimum marks shall be 40%) in accordance with the NCTE (Recognition Norms and Procedure) Regulations, 2002 and Pass in 2-year Diploma in Elementary Education/Special Education in D.Ed/4-year Bachelor in Elementary Education.
AND Pass in Paper-1 of Telangana State Eligibility Test (TSTET) / Andhra Pradesh Teacher Eligibility Test (APTET)/Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET). 15
10. The above two Government Orders clarify that in case of SC/ST/DC/Differently abled candidates, the minimum marks shall be 40%. In the notification also, the qualifications require for Secondary Grade Teacher are shown same as shown in the above G.O.Ms.No.1 dated 28.02.2024. But, for Special Education Teacher posts at Primary Level in the category of Secondary Grade Teacher, the following qualifications are required:
(i) Must Possess Intermediate/Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) as recognised by the Board of Intermediate, Telangana, with at least 50% Marks (In case of SC/ST/BC/Differently abled candidates, the minimum marks shall be 45%) and Pass in D.Ed. Special Education or its Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) and must be registered with Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) with CRR number.
AND
(ii) Pass in Paper-1 of Telangana State Eligibility Test (TSTET) / Andhra Pradesh Teacher Eligibility Test (APTET)/Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET).
11. The authorities have cancelled the appointment and posting orders of the petitioner on the following grounds: 16
i) The petitioner is having only 43.2% of marks in Intermediate instead of 45% of marks as he belongs to (BC-D) community.
ii) The 2nd reason is taken by the 3rd respondent that according to RCI Lr.No.7-91/RCI-2011, dated:
11.01.2012, candidate must possess Diploma in Special Education (or) PG Diploma in Community based rehabilitation PGDCBR with (6) months certificate course in CwSN is required. But, the candidate is not having diploma/equivalent qualification in Special Education.
12. The general rule is Government Order prevails over the notification. As per G.O.Ms.No.1, dated 28.02.2024, which was issued amending the Notification issued through G.O.Ms.No.25, dated 05.09.2023, it is made clear that a candidate must possess Intermediate/Senior Secondary (or its equivalent) as recognised by the Board of Intermediate, Telangana, with at least 45% Marks (In case of SC/ST/BC/Differently abled candidates, the minimum marks shall be 40%) in accordance with the NCTE (Recognition Norms and Procedure) Regulations, 2002 and Pass in 2-year Diploma in Elementary Education/Special Education in D.Ed/4-year Bachelor in Elementary Education.17
13. There is no dispute that petitioner belongs to BC-D community and he secured 43.2% of marks in Intermediate.
The petitioner has done Post Graduate Professional Diploma in Special Education (PGPD-SEDE) in the year 2010 from Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University, Bhopal and he got first division. The petitioner also submitted e-Registration Certificate issued by RCI (Rehabilitation Council of India) with CRR No.A21443. In the Government Orders, it is clearly mentioned as Secondary Grade Teachers and there is no mention of Special Education Teacher posts at Primary Level in the category of Secondary Grade Teacher. In the notification it is mentioned that for Special Education Teacher posts at Primary Level in the category of Secondary Grade Teacher. However, the Special Education Teachers are from the Secondary Grade Teachers only. So, both the conditions mentioned in the G.O.Ms.No.1, dated 28.02.2024 are fulfilled by the petitioner.
14. Learned counsel for the petitioner brought to the notice of this Court with regard to Circular issued by the Rehabilitation Council of India addressed to Secretary, Department of 18 Education, All States, vide F.No.7-91/2015/RCI, dated 25.01.2018 wherein it is mentioned as follows:
"The Council has received many complaints and representations from different states regarding equivalence of one year full time Diploma in Special Education approved from this Council with the two years full time Diploma in Special Education.
In this reference it becomes necessary to apprise you that one year Diploma in Special Education in approved stream before 2015-16 was a regular and approved course of Rehabilitation Council of India, after which the candidates were awarded registration number from this Council. The curriculum of the same course has been revised as well as the duration extended from one year to two years but the significance and accreditation of the course is same. However, in many states candidates who pursued one year diploma prior to 2015-16 are not considered eligible to apply for the post of teachers and they are denied on the ground that the duration of their diploma course is only one year whereas candidates with diploma course of two cars duration are only eligible.
In view of such issues which came in the knowledge of the Council earlier a circular number 7-128/RC1/2016 dated 3d November, 2016 has already been issued from this Council in which it has been clearly stated that one year diploma and two years diploma approved by this Council are equivalent qualification and eligible to become a teacher provided the candidate possessing such diploma has valid CRR registration number of this Council."19
15. Learned counsel for the petitioner vehemently argued that the petitioner, as stated above, had done Post Graduate Professional Diploma in Special Education (PGPD-SEDE) in the year 2010 from Madhya Pradesh Bhoj (Open) University, Bhopal and he got first division and the petitioner was also issued e-Registration Certificate by the RCI (Rehabilitation Council of India) with CRR No.A21443 under the category "as a special educator (hearing impairment) and as a special educator (mental retardation). But, the 2nd objection taken by the respondents is that according to RCI Lr.No.7-91/RCI-2011, dated: 11.01.2012, candidate must possess Diploma in Special Education (or) PG Diploma in Community based rehabilitation PGDCBR with (6) months certificate course in CwSN is required. But, the candidate is not having diploma/equivalent qualification in Special Education. Whether e-Registration Certificate issued by the RCI (Rehabilitation Council of India) with CRR No.A21443 under the category "as a special educator (hearing impairment) and as a special educator (mental retardation) is equivalent to PG Diploma in Community based rehabilitation PGDCBR with (6) months certificate course in CwSN or not. Since the 1st objection with regard to percentage 20 of marks, the petitioner has fulfilled the said requirement. But, with regard to 2nd objection, the petitioner has to get clarification from the RCI (Rehabilitation Council of India).
16. Learned counsel for the petitioner submitted that any part of advertisement which is contrary to the statutory rules has to give way to the statutory prescription and he relied upon the case of Ashish Kumar (1st supra) wherein the Hon'ble Supreme Court held as under:
"27. Any part of the advertisement which is contrary to the statutory rules has to give way to the statutory prescription. Thus, looking to the qualification prescribed in the statutory rules, the appellant fulfils the qualification and after being selected for the post denying appointment to him is arbitrary and illegal. It is well settled that when there is variance in the advertisement and in the statutory rules, it is the statutory rules which take precedence. In this context, reference is made in the judgment of this Court in Malik Mazhar Sultan v. U.P. Public Service Commission². Para 21 of the judgment lays down the above proposition which is to the following effect: (SCC p. 512) "21. The present controversy has arisen as the advertisement issued by PSC stated that the candidates who were within the age on 1-7-2001 and 1-7-2002 shall be treated within age for the examination. Undoubtedly, the excluded candidates were of eligible age as per the advertisement but the recruitment to the service can only be made in accordance with the Rules and the error, if any, in 21 the advertisement cannot override the Rules and create a right in favour of a candidate if otherwise not eligible according to the Rules. The relaxation of age can be granted only if permissible under the Rules and not on the basis of the advertisement. If the interpretation of the Rules by PSC when it issued the advertisement was erroneous, no right can accrue on basis thereof. Therefore, the answer to the question would turn upon the interpretation of the Rules."
In the case on hand also the Circular No.7-91/RC-1/2011, dated 11.01.2012 is not at all mentioned neither in the G.O.Ms.No.25, dated 05.09.2023 nor in the notification, as such, the said circular cannot be looked into.
17. Per contra, learned counsel for the respondents submits that furnishing of wrong particular in application for appointment is a valid ground to cancel the appointment of the petitioner and he relied upon the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Manoj Kumar Vs. Government of NCT of Delhi and others 2 wherein the Hon'ble Supreme Court held as follows:
"8. There is no doubt that if any candidate furnishes false or incomplete information or withholds or conceals any material information in his application, he will be debarred from securing employment. It is also true that even if such 2 (2010)11 SCC 702 22 an applicant is already appointed, his services are liable to be terminated for furnishing false information."
In the case on hand, the petitioner with all eligible qualifications applied to the post of Secondary Grade Teacher Special Education, pursuant to the DSC Notification 24/RC- 1/TRT/DSC/2024 dated 29.02.2024 of School Education, Telangana, Hyderabad, issued by the 2nd respondent and after applying the above said post, the 2nd respondent issued Hall Ticket bearing No.244673150433 and examination was held on 20.07.2024 and he secured 67.60 marks and got 2nd rank under BC-D category. Pursuant to the same, the petitioner was called for certificate verification on 06.10.2024, after physical verification of the certificates, the petitioner was issued appointment orders vide proceedings Rc.No.5923/AS/2024, dated 15-10-2024 issued by the 3rd respondent. From February 2024 to October 2024, the respondents had lot of time to question the petitioner with regard to Circular No.7- 91/RC-1/2011, dated 11.01.2012, but they have not done so by way of issuance of notice and straight away his services were terminated without any notice which attracts the principles of 23 natural justice, as such, this Writ Petition is liable to be allowed.
18. Accordingly, this Writ Petition is allowed by setting aside the proceedings in Rc.No.5923/A5/2024, dated 11.11.2024 issued by the 3rd respondent and the respondents are directed to permit the petitioner to continue his services as a Secondary Grade Teacher Special Education (Telugu) at MPPS Narmilikonda, Kodimial Mandal, Jagtial District. There shall be no order as to costs.
As a sequel, miscellaneous applications pending, if any, in this Writ Petition, shall stand closed.
_____________________________________ NAMAVARAPU RAJESHWAR RAO, J Date: 01.05.2025 BDR