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[Cites 12, Cited by 0]

Delhi District Court

M. Rose Simon vs State (Nct Of Delhi) on 26 July, 2016

          IN THE COURT OF SH. A. K. KUHAR, SPECIAL JUDGE;NDPS 
                        SOUTH DISTRICT, SAKET



Criminal Appeal No. 10/15
Unique ID No. 02406R0401552015




M. Rose Simon                                                                                                     ..........Appellant
s/o Sh. H. Simon
r/o WZ 243­A, FF, Inderpuri,
New Delhi ­ 110012


versus 


State (NCT of Delhi)                                                                                              ..........Respondent no. 1

Devender Kumar Sejwal ..........Respondent no. 2 s/o Sh. Hukum Singh  r/o F­8, Lado Sarai, Behind DDA Flats, New Delhi - 110030 Date of institution  : 16th December 2015 Arguments concluded on : 15th July 2016 Order announced on : 26th July 2016 M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    1 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        J U D G M E N T

1. This   Criminal   appeal  has   been   preferred   against   the   Judgment dated 21.11.2015 passed by Learned Metropolitan Magistrate­02, South, whereby the appellant was held guilty for the offence punishable u/s 138 Negotiable   Instruments   Act   (hereinafter   referred   as   NI   Act)   and   also against Order on sentence date 30.11.2015  whereby the appellant has been sentenced to Simple Imprisonment for six months and has been directed to pay compensation of Rs. 2,20,000/­ to the complainant within the period of 30 days and in default of payment of compensation, he has to undergo Simple Imprisonment for two months. 

2. Appellant   herein   faced   the   trial   in   Criminal   Complaint   titled   as Devender   Kumar   vs   M.   Rose   Simon   in   CC   no.   7213/15,   which   has resulted in his conviction for the offence under Section 138 NI Act.  

3. Trial Court Record (TCR) has been summoned. Notice of appeal was issued to respondents. In response to the notice, Sh. F. M. Ansari Ld. Addl. PP for the State/respondent no. 1 has appeared and in response to the notice, respondent no. 2 alongwith his counsel Sh. Navdeep     has appeared. 

4. At   the   outset,   Learned   Addl.   PP   had   stated   that   State   has   no concern with the appeal as it has arisen out of a Judgment in a Criminal M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    2 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        Complaint.  I have heard arguments advanced by both the parties and have perused the Impugned Judgment and order on sentence as well as Trial Court Record (TCR).

5. Before adverting to the contentions of the appellant, brief facts of the case may be considered. 

6. As per the allegations in the complaint, appellant/accused is the proprietor   of   the   firm   namely   M/s   Ambrosia   Service,   which   provides outsourcing   services   to   Banks.   Appellant/accused   induced   the respondent/complainant to invest in his business by promising him good returns and consequent to this inducement, complainant/respondent had invested   a   sum   of   Rs.   8   lacs   approximately   in   the   business   of appellant/accused.   However,   the   appellant/accused   did   not   disclose correct accounts to the complainant and also did not share the profits accordingly. When the complainant/respondent protested to this, he was asked to quit. On the request of the respondent/complainant for rendition of   accounts,   the   appellant/accused   agreed   to   pay   a   sum   of   Rs. 2,92,603/­ to the respondent/complainant. To liquidate part liability of the illegally   recoverable   debt,   appellant/accused   issued   a   Post   Dated Cheque   bearing   no.   904503   dated   20.03.2008   for   a   sum   of   Rs. 1,20,000/­,   which   was   drawn   on   Union   Bank   of   India,   Naraina,   New M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    3 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        Delhi. The respondent/complainant was assured that the cheque would be honoured on presentation. The cheque in question was presented but unfortunately, it was dishonoured for the reason "insufficient funds" twice vide   the   Bank   Memos   dated   20.03.2008   and   16.04.2008. Respondent/complainant   then   sent   a   legal   demand   notice   by   way   of registered AD and UPC on 14.05.2008 and demanded the payment of dishonoured cheque. However, the appellant/accused failed to make the payment of the cheque despite receipt of legal notice of demand within a stipulated   time.   Therefore,   the   respondent/complainant   had   to   file   the present complaint u/s 138 NI Act against the appellant/accused. 

7. During   the   trial,   the   respondent/complainant   filed   his   affidavit, proved the cheque Ex. CW1/1; the Bank Return Memos Ex. CW1/2 to Ex. CW1/4; copy of legal demand notice Ex. CW1/6, receipt of AD and UPC   Ex.   CW1/7   and   Ex.   CW1/8   respectively   and   return   envelope   of registered AD Ex. CW1/9. 

8. When   the   appellant/accused   appeared   in   response   to   summon issued, he was served with a Notice u/s 251 Cr. PC on 24.09.2008. He had   pleaded   not   guilty   and   claimed   trial.   Although,   he   admitted   that cheque   was   issued   by  him  under  his  signatures  and   after   filing   other details. He also admitted having received the legal demand notice.

M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    4 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                       

9. The appellant/accused had not disputed the issuance of cheque and receipt of legal notice. Even the facts stated in the complaint are not disputed. However, he had taken a stand in his defence that infact that account was settled between him and the respondent/complainant for a sum of Rs. 3,20,000/­ and he had issued three cheques, out of which two cheques were for a sum of Rs. One lac each and one cheque was for a sum of Rs. 1,20,000/­. With regard to the cheque in question, the defence   taken   by   the   appellant/accused   was   that   he   had   made   the payment of the cheque amount. He had taken the plea that Rs. 10,000/­ were paid through bank Rs. 60,000/­ was paid to one Sh. Jitendra, who is brother­in­law of the respondent/complainant. Rs. 10,000/­ was again deposited in the account of respondent/complainant by Sh. Mahendra, a Field   Executive   of   the   appellant/accused.   Remaining   amount   of   Rs. 40,000/­ was also paid to the respondent/complainant in the presence of one Sh. S. K. Bhamra, a common friend. He also took defence that the entire   payment   has   been   made   before   presentation   of   the   cheque   in question for the second time. It may be pertinent to note here that the cheque in question (Ex. CW1/1) was presented initially on 20.03.2008, when   it   was   returned   unpaid   on   account   of   "insufficient   funds".   The M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    5 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        cheque was presented for the second time on 16.04.2008, when it was returned unpaid on account of "insufficient funds". As per defence taken by the appellant/accused in the trial, the payment of the cheque amount was made   during   the   intervening  period  of  presentation   of cheque  on 20.03.2008 and 16.04.2008. 

10. In support of his defence, accused has examined Sh. Mahender Rathore as DW­1, who had proved deposit of Rs. 10,000/­ in the account of the complainant/respondent on the instruction  of appellant/accused. He also examined Ms. Ruth Mary as DW­2 and Sh. Sukhwant Singh as DW­3. Accused  also  examined Sh. Garuav  Upreti, Senior Manager of ICICI Bank as DW­4, who proved the cash deposit slip dated 28.03.2008 (Ex.   DW4/1)   for   a   sum   of   Rs.10,000/­   and   also   the   cash   deposit   slip dated 09.04.2008 (Ex. DW4/2). He also proved Statement of Account of Devender Kumar Sejwal (complainant) as Ex. DW4/3.  

11. After considering the evidence, which was led on the record by the   respondent/complainant   and   the   appellant/accused,   Learned Metropolitan Magistrate came to the conclusion that appellant/accused M.   Rose   Simon,   Proprietor   of   M/s   Ambrosia   Services   is   guilty   for   the offence punishable u/s 138 NI Act and he was convicted accordingly on 21.11.2015 and he was awarded sentence on 30.11.2015.

M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    6 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                       

12. Learned counsel for appellant/accused has argued that one of the basic requirement for prosecution of an accused u/s 138 NI Act is the service of legal demand notice. He had argued that if the legal demand notice   is   defective   then   the   conviction   u/s   138   NI   Act   cannot   be recorded.   It   was   submitted   that   appellant/accused   was   successful   in rebutting presumption in favour of complainant under Section 139 of NI Act by proving on record that subsequent to the dishonour of cheque on 20.03.2008,   a   sum   of   Rs.   10,000/­   was   deposited   in   the   account   of respondent/complainant   on   28.03.2008   and   another   a   sum   of   Rs. 10,000/­   was   deposited   on   09.04.2008   vide   receipt   Ex.   DW4/1   to   Ex. DW4/2.

13. He  argued  that legal notice  Ex. CW1/6, which has been issued subsequent to the date 16.04.2008, does not mention about the receipt of Rs. 10,000/­ on 28.03.2008   and Rs. 10,000/­ on 09.04.2008. It was argued that even if, the claim of appellant/accused that he had made the entire   payment   of   cheque   amount   is   not   accepted,   still   there   is   a documentary proof, which is also admitted by respondent/complainant in his cross­examination that he received Rs. 20,000/­ before presentation of the cheque on 16.04.2008 and issuance of a legal demand notice Ex.

M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    7 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        CW1/6. It was argued by Learned counsel for the appellant that in the legal demand notice Ex. CW1/6 dated 14.05.2008, the amount claimed by  the   respondent/complainant   is  Rs.  1,20,000/­,  which   is   the   cheque amount. While, it is proved on record that on the date when the legal notice was issued, at least, Rs. 20,000/­ was already received  by the respondent/complainant, which has not been accounted for in the legal notice Ex. CW1/6. 

14. Learned   counsel   for   respondent/complainant   has   relied   upon Judgment of Delhi High Court in  Alliance Infrastructure Project pvt. Ltd. and other  vs  Vinay  Mittal  2011  (1)  Crimes 487  wherein, a  part payment was made subsequent to the presentation of the cheque and dishonour   thereof   but   before   the   service   of   legal   notice.   The   criminal complaint u/s 138 NI Act was quashed on the ground that on the date the cheque was presented for encashment, the amount due and payable to   the   complainant   was   much   less  than   the   amount   mentioned   in   the cheque and the complainant had presented the cheque for encashment of   the   whole   amount   of   the   cheque   and   also   demanded   the   cheque amount, without even referring to the part payment received by him. It was   observed   that   payee   of   the   cheque   can   present   the   cheque   for payment   of   only   that   much   amount,   which   is   due   to   him   after   giving M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    8 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        credit for the part payment made, after issuance of cheque. 

15. Learned   counsel   for   respondent/complainant   has   argued   that defence taken by appellant/accused could not be established with regard to payment of Rs. 10,000/­ vide receipt Ex. DW4/1 and Ex. DW4/2. He argued that respondent/complainant has categorically stated in his cross examination that this payment was towards some another transaction of a cheque of Rs. 1,20,000/­ issued by the appellant/accused in his favour. He argued that no payment has been received towards the satisfaction of   the   cheque   in   question.   The   deposit   receipts   Ex.   DW4/1   and   Ex. DW4/2   are   not   sufficient   to   rebut   the   presumption   u/s   139   NI   Act   in favour of respondent/complainant. It was argued that the defence taken by the accused in the statement of DW­2 is contradictory to what the appellant/accused has stated in his statement u/s 313 Cr. PC. 

16. Even   the   statement   of   Sh.   Sukhwant   Singh   (DW­3)   is   not   very convincing because he deposed about payment of Rs. 40,000/­ by the appellant/accused in his presence to the respondent/complainant, which is contrary to the statement of accused u/s 313 Cr. PC wherein he has stated that he had paid Rs. 40,000/­ to the   respondent/complainant in the presence of Sh. S. K. Bhamra, who is a common friend. The defence taken by the appellant/accused is contradictory, which establish that he M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    9 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        has taken a false defence. 

17. The burden of proof of the transaction which gives rise to liability u/s 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act, beyond reasonable doubt, would shift   to   complainant   only   if   accused   is   successful   in   rebutting   the presumption u/s 139 of NI Act. What is the standard of evidence by which the accused is required to rebut the presumption would depend on the facts and circumstances of each case. However, the standard of proof will not be that of beyond reasonable doubt  but that of "preponderance of probabilities". 

18. Hon'ble Supreme Court in  M/s Kumar Exports vs M/s Sharma Carpets JT 2009 (1) SC 20 has held:­ "In order to determine the question whether the offence punishable   under   Section   138   of   Negotiable Instruments Act is made out against the appellant it will be   necessary   to   examine   the   scope   and   ambit   of presumptions raised as envisaged by the provisions of Sections   118,138   and   139   of   Negotiable   Instruments Act."

M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    10 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        It was further observed that: 

"In   a   significant   departure   from   the   general   rule applicable   to   the   contracts,   Section   118   of   the   Act provides certain presumptions to be raised. This section lays   down   some   special   rules   of   evidence   relating   to presumptions. The reason for these presumptions is that negotiable   instrument   passes   from   hand   to   hand   on endorsement and it would make trading very difficult and negotiability of the Instrument impossible, unless certain presumptions are made. The presumption, therefore, is a matter of principle to facilitate negotiability as well as trade. Section 118 of the Act provides presumptions to be   raised   until   the   contrary   is   proved   (I)   as   to consideration, (ii) as to date of instrument, (iii) as to time of acceptance, (iv) as to time of transfer, (v) as to order of endorsements, (vi) as to appropriate stamp and (vii) as to holder being a holder in due course. Section 139 of the Act provides that it shall be presumed, unless the contrary is proved, that the holder of a cheque received the cheque of the nature referred to in Section 138 for M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    11 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        the discharge, in whole or in part of any debt or other liability. Presumptions are devices by use of which the courts   are   enabled   and   entitled   to   pronounce   on   an issue   notwithstanding   that   there   is   no   evidence   or insufficient evidence."

It is further observed;

"10. ......Applying the definition of the word 'proved'  in Section   3   of   the   Evidence   Act   to   the   provisions   of Section 118 and 139 of the Act, it becomes evident that in a trial under Section 138 of the Act a presumption will have to be made that every negotiable instrument was made   or   drawn   for   consideration   and   that   it   was executed   for   discharge   of   debt   or   liability   once   the execution   of   negotiable   instrument   is   either   proved   or admitted."

19. The   question   now   arises   about   the   standard   of   proof   which   is required on the part of an accused to rebut this presumption which arises in favour of complainant. In  Krishna Janardhan Bhat vs Dattatraya G. Hegde  JT 2008 (1) SC 485,  Hon'ble Supreme Court had dealt with the M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    12 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        provision under Sections 118,138 and 139 of Negotiable Instruments Act and has observed that :

"Furthermore,   whereas   prosecution   must   prove   the guilt of an accused beyond all reasonable doubt, the standard of proof so as to prove a defence on the part of   an   accused   is   'preponderance   of   probabilities'. Inference   of   preponderance   of   probabilities   can   be drawn not only from the materials brought on records by   the   parties   but   also   by   reference   to   the circumstances upon which he relies". 

20.  In this case the Hon'ble Supreme Court has also considered the earlier Judgment in  Hiten P. Dalal vs Bratindranath Banerjee JT 2001 (5)   SC   386   (AIR   2001   SC   3897   (1))  and   also  K.   N.   Beena   vs Muniyappan and another JT 2001 (9) SC 228 (AIR 2001 SC 2895). The Hon'ble Supreme Court after dealing with these judgments observed that the   law   laid   down   therein   is   correct   and   the   view   which   the   Hon'ble Supreme Court has taken in the present case i.e.  Krishna Janardhan Bhat vs Dattatraya G. Hegde  (supra)  is not inconsistent therewith. In Hiten P. Dalal vs Bratindranath Banerjee's case (supra), the Hon'ble M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    13 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        Supreme Court while dealing with the presumption under Section 139 of Negotiable Instruments Act observed that it is presumption of law.

"21. Because both Section 138 and 139 require that the Court "shall presume" the liability of the drawer of the cheques for the amounts for which the cheques are   drawn,   as   noted   in  State   of   Madras   vs   A. Vaidyanatha Iyer, AIR 1958 SC 61, it is obligatory on the   Court   to   raise   this   presumption   in   every   case where   the   factual   basis   for   the   raising   of   the presumption had been established. "It introduced an exception to the general rule as to the burden of proof in   criminal   cases   and   shifts   the   onus   onto   the accused" (ibid). Such a presumption is a presumption of   law,  as   distinguished  from   a   presumption   of  fact which describes provisions by which the Court "may presume" a certain state of affairs. Presumptions are rules   of   evidence   and   do   not   conflict   with   the presumption of innocence, because by the latter all that   is   meant   is   that   the   prosecution   is   obliged   to prove   the   case   against   the   accused   beyond M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    14 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        reasonable doubt. The obligation on the prosecution may be discharged with the help of presumptions of law   or   fact   unless   the   accused   adduces   evidence showing   the   reasonable   possibility   of   the   non­ existence of the presumed fact." 

It was further observed that :

"22. In   other  words  provides  the   facts   required   to form   the   basis   of   a   presumption   of   law   exists,   no discretion   is   left   with   the   Court   but   to   draw   the statutory conclusion,  but this does not  preclude  the person against whom the presumption is drawn from rebutting it and proving the contrary. A fact is said to be proved when, "after considering the matters before it the Court either believes it to exist or considers its existence   so   probable   that   a   prudent   man   ought, under the circumstances of the particular case, to act upon   the   supposition   that   it   exists."  Section   3:

Evidence Act. Therefore, the rebuttal does not have to   be   conclusively   established   but   such   evidence must be adduced before the Court in support of the M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    15 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        defence   that   the   Court   must   either   believe   the defence   to   exist   or   consider   its   existence   to   be reasonably   probable,   the   standard   of   reasonability being that of the 'prudent man'."
21. This view taken by Hon'ble Supreme Court in  Hiten P. Dalal vs Bratindranath   Banerjee's   case   (supra)  was   also   discussed   with approval in K. N. Beena vs Muniyappan and another's case (supra) .
22. In  Krishna   Janardhan   Bhat   vs   Dattatraya   G.   Hegde's  case (supra), the Hon'ble Supreme Court did not disagree with the view taken in  Hiten P. Dalal vs Bratindranath Banerjee's case (supra) and  K. N. Beena   vs   Muniyappan   and   another's   case  (supra)  but   added   a dimension to the same by observing that :
"Principles   of   legal   jurisprudence,   namely, presumption   of  innocence   as  human   rights  and  the doctrine of reverse burden introduced by Section 139 should be delicately balanced. Such balancing acts, indisputably   would   largely   depend   upon   the   factual matrix of each case, the materials brought on record M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    16 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        and   having   regard   to   legal   principles   governing   the same." 

23. In M/s Kumar Exports vs M/s Sharma Carpets case (supra), the Hon'ble Supreme Court again dealt with the same situation and observed as under:

"To  rebut  the  statutory presumptions  an  accused  is not expected to prove his defence beyond reasonable doubt as is expected of the complainant in a criminal trial."

24. The   settled   legal   position   under   the   scheme   of   Negotiable Instruments Act is that statutory presumption has been created in favour of the holder of Negotiable Instruments Act in due course. Section 139, as discussed above, framed the Court to presume liability of the drawer of the cheque and Section 118 envisages that unless the contrary is proved, it shall be presumed that Negotiable Instruments including a cheque has been   drawn   for   consideration.   In   view   of   legal   position   as   discussed above,   the   only   issue   which   is   to   be   considered   as   whether   the   legal demand notice (Ex. CW1/6) is a valid legal demand notice in terms of Clause (b) to Proviso to Section 138 of NI Act. 

M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    17 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                       

25. An offence under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act is not committed   simply   on   the   dishonour   of   the   cheque.   An   offence   is completed when despite a legal demand notice, the drawer fails to make the payment within the stipulated time. Therefore, apprising the drawer of the cheque about the dishonour of the cheque and demanding the legally recoverable   due   is   one   of   the   basic   ingredient   of   the   offence   u/s   138 Negotiable Instruments Act. The object of issuing the notice indicating the factum of dishonour of the cheque is to give an opportunity to the drawer to make the payment within the stipulated period of 30 days, so that there is no necessity to initiate any criminal action, even though the cheque has been dishonoured by the bank. Although, there is no specific format of the notice prescribed in Clause (b) of the proviso to section 138 of NI Act, the requirement is that notice shall be given in writing within 30 days of the receipt of the information from the bank regarding return of the cheque as unpaid and a demand for payment of the amount of the cheque is made. 

26. Learned   counsel   for   appellant/accused   has   argued   that   legal demand notice (Ex. CW1/6) is not as per the law. He submitted that the respondent/complainant has not accounted the payment received by him subsequent   to   the   first   presentation   of   the   cheque   for   encashment, therefore, the amount claimed by the respondent/complainant in the legal M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    18 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        demand notice Ex. CW1/6 was not the legally recoverable debt. It is not in dispute that the cheque in question has been presented twice. Initially, it was   dishonoured   on   26.03.2008   and   lateron,   it   was   presented   on 16.04.2008 pursuant to which the legal demand notice Ex. CW1/6 was issued. The case of the appellant/accused is that in between he has made payment of the cheque amount. 

27. Although   the   appellant/accused   has   examined   four   witnesses   to prove that he made the payment of entire cheque amount but apparently, there is contradiction in the statement of the witnesses with regard to the payment. As per the defence of the appellant/accused, he made payment of Rs. 40,000/­ to the respondent/complainant in the presence of Sh. S. K. Bhamra,   a   common   friend.   The   said   Sh.   S.   K.   Bhamra   has   not   been examined.   Sh.   Sukhwant   Singh   (DW­3)   deposed   that   a   sum   of   Rs. 40,000/­   was   paid   by   the   accused   (appellant)   to   the   complainant (complainant) in his presence. Notwithstanding, the contradiction noted in the statement of Sh. Sukhwant Singh (DW­3) and  Ms. Rathmary (DW­2) with   regard   to   the   payment   of   Rs.   60,000/­   and   of   Rs.   40,000/­.   The payment of Rs. 10,000/­ on 28.03.2008 and 16.04.2008 stands proved. Sh.   Gaurav   Upreti   (DW­4)   had   brought   the   cash   deposit   slips   dated 28.03.2008 (Ex. DW4/1) and 16.04.2008 (Ex. DW4/2) of Rs. 10,000/­.

M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    19 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        He   also   produced   the   statement   of   account   (Ex.   DW4/3)   of   the respondent/complainant. The payment of Rs. 20,000/­ in account of the respondent/complainant stands proved. This evidence was sufficient to rebut the presumption u/s 139 of NI Act in favour of complainant. The burden has shifted upon the respondent/complainant to prove that this payment of Rs. 20,000/­ relate to some other transaction. 

28. When   the   complainant   was   confronted   with   the   fact   that   Rs. 10,000/­ was deposited in his account on 28.03.2008 and also in the first week of April of 2008, he did not deny about the deposit of amount in his account.   However,   he   took   the   plea   that   this   amount   was   deposited towards some other transaction of giving a cheque of Rs. 1,20,000/­

29. Thus, the respondent/complainant has admitted about the receipt of Rs. 20,000/­ by way of cash deposit in his account subsequent to the dishonour   of   the   cheque   on   26.03.2008   and   before   the   dishonour   of cheque  on 16.04.2008. Admittedly, the  legal  demand  notice has been sent subsequently on 16.05.2008, but there is no mentioning of the fact that Rs. 20,000/­ has been deposited in his account. The burden of proof upon the accused to rebut the presumption u/s 139 of NI Act is not as heavy as it is upon the prosecution to prove the allegations. An accused can   disprove   and   rebut   the   presumption   u/s   139   of   NI   Act   on   the M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    20 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        principle of  preponderance of probabilities.  Once this presumption is rebutted, then the onus would again shift on the complainant to prove his case beyond reasonable doubt. 

30. Since   the   payment   of   Rs.   20,000/­   has   been   admitted   by   the respondent/complainant, what would be the effect of this payment upon the present case, in the absence of any evidence by complainant that this payment relate to some other transaction. 

31. In   the   case   of  Alliance   Infrastructure   Project   pvt.   Ltd.   and other vs Vinay Mittal (supra), it has been held;

"8. The   question   which   comes   up   for consideration is as to what the expression 'amount of money' means in case where the admitted liability of   the   drawer   of   the   cheque   gets   reduced,   on account of part payment made by him, after issuing but   before   presentation   of   cheque   in   question.   No doubt,   the   expression   'amount   of   money'   would mean the amount of the cheque alone in case the amount   payable   by   the   drawer,   on   the   date   of presentation of the cheque, is more than the amount of   the   cheque.   But,   can   it   be   said   the   expression M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    21 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        'amount of money' would always mean the amount of   the   cheque,   even   if   the   actual   liability   of   the drawer of the cheque has got reduced on account of some   payment   made   by   him   towards   discharge   of the debt or liability in consideration of which cheque in   question   was   issued.   If   it   is   held   that   the expression   'amount   of   money'   would   necessarily mean   the   amount   of   cheque   in   every   case,   the drawer   of   the   cheque   would   be   required   to   make arrangement   for   more   than   the   admitted   amount payable by him to the payee of the cheque. In case, he is not able to make arrangement for the whole of the amount of the cheque, he would be guilty of the offence   punishable   u/s   138   of   Negotiable Instruments Act. Obviously, this could not have been the   intention   of   the   legislature   to   make   a   person liable   to   punishment   even   if   he   has   made arrangement necessary for payment of the amount which is actually payable to him. If the drawer of the cheque   is   made   to   pay   more   than   the   amount M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    22 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        actually payable by him, the inevitable result would be   that   he   will   have   to   chase   the   payee   of   the cheque to recover the excess amount paid by him. Therefore, I find it difficult to take the view that even if the admitted liability of the drawer of the cheque has   got   reduced,   on   account   of   certain   payments made   after   issue   of   cheque,   the   payee   would nevertheless   be   entitled   to   present   the   cheque   for the whole of the amount, to the banker of the drawer, for   encashment   and   in   case   such   a   cheque   is dishonoured for wants of funds, he will be guilty of offence punishable under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act."

32. In view of ratio laid down in this case, it can be safely concluded that   the   amount   due   and   payable   to   the   respondent/complainant   was much less than the amount represented by the cheque in question (Ex. CW1/1). The expression "amount of money" referred in clause (b) of the Proviso to Section 138 of NI Act would not mean the cheque amount in each and every case. The drawer of the cheque cannot be expected to M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    23 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                        make the payment of the cheque amount when before it is presented and dishonoured, he has made some payment towards the discharge of the legally recoverable debt/liability. 

33. From   the   evidence   on   record,   it   is   apparent   that respondent/complainant   had   received   atleast   Rs.   20,000/­   before   the cheque in question was presented on 16.04.2008. However, in the legal demand notice Ex. CW1/6, he has made a demand of Rs. 1,20,000/­, which   infact   was   not   the   due   amount   on   the   date   of   issuance   of   the demand   notice.   The   respondent/complainant   has   not   proved   that   this payment was towards some other transaction. Therefore, the legal is not valid in the present case. 

34. As observed above, the legal demand notice is basic ingredient of the   offence   u/s   138   of   Negotiable   Instruments   Act.   Since,   this   basic requirement was not fulfilled, the complaint was bound to fail. In view of foregoing   discussion   and   in   view   of   facts   and   circumstances   and evidence   led   on   record,   the   Appeal   stands   allowed   the   impugned Judgment   dated   21.11.2015   and   Order   on   sentence   date   30.11.2015 passed   by   Learned   Metropolitan   Magistrate   is   set   aside. Appellant/accused stands acquitted of the charge u/s 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act,1881. 

M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    24 of 25 CA No. 10 of 2015                                                                                                                                                       

35. Trial   Court   Record   be   sent   back   to   the   Trial   Court   concerned alongwith copy of this order. 

36. Appeal  file  be  consigned  to  record  room,  after  compliance of all other necessary formalities.

(announced in the                                                                                                (Ajay Kumar Kuhar)
open Court on                                                                                                    Special Judge (NDPS)
26th July 2016)                                                                                                  South District: Saket   




M. Rose Simon vs State & anr.                                                                                                            Page no.    25 of 25
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