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Gauhati High Court

Page No.# 1/18 vs The Union Of India And Ors on 18 June, 2025

Author: K.R. Surana

Bench: Kalyan Rai Surana, Malasri Nandi

                                                              Page No.# 1/18

GAHC010174542022




                                                   2025:GAU-AS:8059-DB

                      THE GAUHATI HIGH COURT
  (HIGH COURT OF ASSAM, NAGALAND, MIZORAM AND ARUNACHAL PRADESH)

                         Case No. : WA/350/2022

         SUNIRMAL BHATTACHARJEE
         S/O LATE BASANTA KUMAR BHATTACHARJEE,
         ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE ENGINEER,
         INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GUWAHATI, GOVERNMENT OF
         INDIA, GUWAHATI- 781039.



         VERSUS

         THE UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.
         REP. BY THE SECRETARY TO THE GOVT.OF INDIA, MINISTRY OF HUMAN
         RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, SHASTRI
         BHAWAN, C-WING, DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD ROAD, NEW DELHI- 110001.

         2:THE DIRECTOR
          INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
          GUWAHATI
          GOVT. OF INDIA
          GUWAHATI- 781039
         ASSAM.

         3:BHASKAR CHOUDHURY
         ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE ENGINEER

         INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
          GUWAHATI
          GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
          GUWAHATI- 781039.

         4:THE CHAIRMAN
          UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (UGC)
          BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
          NEW DELHI-110002.
                                                                        Page No.# 2/18


           5:THE CHAIRMAN
           ALL INDIA COUNCIL FOR TECHNICAL EDUCATION (AICTE)
            NELSON MANDALA MARG
           VASANT KUNJ
            NEW DELHI-110060.

           6:DIPANKAR DAS
            S/O LAKSHMI MOHAN DAS

           PERMANENT RESIDENT OF LUMDING WARD NO. 1
           ANANDAPALLY
           HOUSE NO. 619

           P.O.- LUMDING

           P.S.- LUMDING

           DIST.- HOJAI
           PIN- 782447
           ASSAM

Advocate for the Petitioner : MR K K MAHANTA (Sr. Advocate), MR S GAUTAM,MS N
BEGUM,MR. K M MAHANTA

Advocate for the Respondent : DY.S.G.I., RESPONDENT IN PERSON (R-6),MR. P. CHOUDHURY
(r-3),MS. B CHOUDHURY (r-3),MR. S K MEDHI,SC, A I C T E,SC, IITG,SC, U G C




           Linked Case : WA/142/2023

           THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
           REP. BY THE REGISTRAR
           P.O.- IIT GUWAHATI
           P.S.- NORTH GUWAHATI
           DIST.- KAMRUP
           GUWAHATI
           ASSAM
           PIN- 781039.


           VERSUS

           DIPANKAR DAS AND 5 ORS.
                                                     Page No.# 3/18

S/O LAKSHMI MOHAN DAS
RESIDENT OF LUMDING
WARD NO. 1
ANANDAPALLY HOUSE NO. 619
P.O. LUMDING P.S. LUMDING DIST. HOJAI
PIN - 782447
ASSAM.

2:THE UNION OF INDIA
REP. BY THE SECRETARY TO THE GOVT.OF INDIA
 MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE and DEVELOPMENT
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 SHASTRI BHAWAN
 C-WING
 DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD ROAD
 NEW DELHI- 110001.

3:BHASKAR CHOUDHURY
ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GUWAHATI
P.O.- IIT GUWAHATI
P.S.- NORTH GUWAHATI
DIST.- KAMRUP
GUWAHATI
ASSAM
PIN- 781039.

4:SUNIRMAL BHATTACHARJEE
S/O LATE BASANTA KUMAR BHATTACHARJEE
ASSISTNAT EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GUWAHATI
R/O QUARTER NO. B- 72
IIT GUWAHATI CAMPUS
P.O.- IIT GUWAHATI
P.S.- NORTH GUWAHATI
DIST.- KAMRUP
GUWAHATI
ASSAM
PIN- 781039.

5:THE CHAIRMAN
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (UGC)
BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI-110002.

6:THE CHAIRMAN
ALL INDIA COUNCIL FOR TECHNICAL EDUCATION (AICTE)
NELSON MANDALA MARG
                                                                             Page No.# 4/18

            VASANT KUNJ
            NEW DELHI-110060.
            ------------
            Advocate for : MR. R P KAKOTI SR. ADV.
            Advocate for : RESPONDENT IN PERSON(R-1) appearing for DIPANKAR DAS
            AND 5 ORS.



                                      BEFORE
              HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE KALYAN RAI SURANA
               HON'BLE MRS. JUSTICE MALASRI NANDI

                                     In WA 350/2022

             For the appellant       : Mr. K.K. Mahanta, Senior Advocate.
                                     : Ms. N. Begum, Advocate.
             For respondent No.1     : Mr. S.K. Medhi, CGC.
             For respondent No.2     : Mr. S. Sutradhar, Advocate.
             For respondent no.3     : Ms. J. Das, Advocate.
             For respondent no.4     : Mr. A. Chamuah, standing counsel.
             For respondent no.6     : Respondent-in-person.

                                     In WA 350/2022

             For the appellant       : Mr. S. Sutradhar, Advocate.
             For respondent No.2     : Ms. K. Deka, Advocate (on
                                       behalf of learned CGC).
             For respondent no.3     : Ms. J. Das, Advocate.
             For respondent no.4     : Respondent-in-person.
             For respondent no.5     : Mr. A. Chamuah, standing counsel.


                           Date of hearing            : 23.05.2025.
                           Date of judgment           : 18.06.2025.



                            JUDGMENT AND ORDER
                                        (CAV)

(K.R. Surana, J)
                   In connection with W.A. 350/2022, heard Mr. K.K. Mahanta,
                                                                       Page No.# 5/18

learned senior counsel, assisted by Ms. N. Begum, learned counsel for the
appellant. Also heard Mr. S.K. Medhi, learned CGC for respondent no.1; Mr. S.
Sutradhar, learned counsel for respondent no.2; Ms. J. Das, learned counsel for
respondent no.3; Mr. A. Chamuah, learned standing counsel for respondent
no.4; none appears on call for the respondent no.5; and Mr. D. Das, respondent
no.6-in-person.

2)                In connection with W.A. 142/2023, heard Mr. S. Sutradhar,
learned counsel for the appellant. Also heard Ms. K. Deka, learned counsel
appearing on behalf of Ms. R. Devi, learned CGC for respondent no.2; Ms. J.
Das, learned counsel for respondent no.3; Mr. D. Das, respondent no.4-in-
person; Mr. A. Chamuah, learned standing counsel for respondent no.5; and
none appears on call for respondent no.6.

3)                Mr. D. Das, the respondent-in-person (i.e. respondent no.6 in
W.A. 350/2022 and respondent no.4 in W.A. 142/2023) was the writ petitioner
in W.P.(C) 7342/2017, amongst others, praying for setting aside the selection
and appointment of Sri Bhaskar Choudhury (respondent no.3 in writ petition)
and Sri Sunirmal Bhattacharjee (respondent no.4 in the writ petition) as
Assistant Executive Engineer (Civil) in the Indian Institute of Technology,
Guwahati (hereinafter referred to as "IIT-G" for brevity), and for further
direction to the official respondents to publish a fresh selection list as per the
selection result dated 04.05.2017 for appointment to the said post.

4)                For the sake of convenience, the respondent no. 6 in W.A.
350/2022 and respondent no.4 in W.A. 142/2023, who was the writ petitioner in
W.P.(C) 7342/2017, is hereinafter referred to as "respondent-in-person".

5)                In brief, the case of the respondent-in-person, in the writ
                                                                           Page No.# 6/18

petition, is that pursuant to employment advertisement dated 25.11.2016, he
and several others had applied for filling up the post of Assistant Executive
Engineer (Civil). The six short-listed candidates were called for interview on
11.04.2017. Thereafter, the authorities of the IIT-G had selected the two
Internal Candidates of IIT-G, namely, Sri Bhaskar Choudhury and Sri Sunirmal
Bhattacharjee (respondent nos. 3 and 4 in the writ petition) for appointment to
the post of Assistant Executive Engineer (Civil). Their appointment was
challenged by the respondent-in-person on the ground that Sri Bhaskar
Choudhury had obtained B.Tech (Civil) Degree from the Institute of Advance
Studies in Education (IASE for short), a deemed university in the State of
Rajasthan through Distance Education Mode, which is impermissible. Similarly,
the appointment of Sri Sunirmal Bhattacharjee was challenged on the ground
that he had obtained B.S. Degree (Engineering Technology), from Birla Institute
of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS, Pilani for short), which is Work
Integrated Learning Programme (hereinafter referred to as WILP for brevity), a
Distance Education mode, which is not equivalent to B.Tech or B.E. Degree,
which was impermissible.

6)              The writ petition was allowed by the learned Single Judge vide
impugned judgment and order dated 28.07.2022, by holding that the as per the
views and inputs of the AICTE and UGC, the qualification of Bachelor of Science
in Engineering Technology from BITS Pilani in respect of the said Sri Sunirmal
Bhattacharjee (respondent no. 4 in the writ petition) is not a recognized degree.
Accordingly, it was further held that he did not have the necessary minimum
qualification to participate in the selection process pursuant to the employment
advertisement dated 25.11.2016 for appointment to the post of Assistant
Executive   Engineer   (Civil).   Resultantly,   his   participation,   selection   and
                                                                       Page No.# 7/18

consequential appointment was declared non est and invalid in the eye of law.

7)               The learned senior counsel for the appellant in W.A. 350/2022
has submitted in the outset that during the pendency of the appeal, the said
appellant had superannuated on 31.12.2022. However, as he is being allowed to
withdraw pay, which is one grade lower to his post and as his retiral benefits
have been withheld, he is pressing the said appeal. His submissions are
summarised as follows:-
          a.   The employer, i.e. IIT-G must have the liberty to decide about the
          equivalency of the educational qualification for the purpose of
          employment.
          b.   In this case, the BITS, Pilani, the Deemed University which had
          conferred the Degree to the appellant, is an Institution of Eminence
          and had the authority to design his own course for conferring a
          degree. Moreover, the WILP mode is still continuing in BITS, Pilani. In
          this regard, the learned senior counsel for the appellant has referred to
          the UGC (Institutions of Eminence Deemed to be Universities)
          Regulations, 2017.
          c.   The finding that the degree of the appellant is not a recognised
          degree was unwarranted and ought not to have been decided in the
          absence of BITS, Pilani as one of the respondents. Moreso, as the
          degree had not been challenged.
     d.    The advertisement required that the candidate must have a degree
          from a recognised University, but not recognised degree from a
          recognised University.

8)               In support of his submissions, the learned senior counsel for the
appellant has cited the following case, viz., Maharashtra Public Service
                                                                       Page No.# 8/18

Commission v. Sandeep Shriram Warade & Ors., (2019) 6 SCC 362.

9)               The learned counsel for the appellant in W.A. 142/2023, has
submitted that the selection process was fair and transparent and moreover, the
respondent-in-person had assailed the appointment of the respondent nos. 3
and 4 in the writ petition after being unsuccessful in the selection process.
Moreover, he has adopted the submissions of the learned senior counsel for the
appellant in W.A. 350/2022.

10)             The learned counsel for Bhaskar Choudhury, by referring to the
affidavit-in-opposition filed in W.A. 350/2022, has submitted that the degree of
the respondent no.3 was not under challenge. Moreover, he has adopted the
submissions made by the learned senior counsel for the appellant in W.A.
350/2022.

11)             The respondent-in-person, Sri D. Das, had submitted that the
degree of the respondent nos. 3 and 4 in the writ petition were illegally
accepted to be equivalent only because they were internal candidates of IIT-G.
In support of his submissions, reliance was placed on the copy of the UGC
notification no. F.1-52/97 (CPPP-II) regarding specification of degrees. In
support of his submission that in case of conflict between the statutory
provisions, rules, etc. with conditions mentioned in employment advertisement,
the rules would prevail.

12)             Per contra, the learned standing counsel for the UGC has made
his submissions in support of the impugned judgment and order. It was
submitted that the specific stand of the UGC in their affidavit-in-opposition filed
in the writ petition is that the appellant in W.A. 350/2022 had obtained the
Degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering Technology under WILP mode,
                                                                       Page No.# 9/18

which is off-campus learning mode, which has never been recognised and/or
approved by the UGC. It has been submitted that the UGC has not granted its
approval to IASE, Sardarshahar, Rajasthan to offer technical courses under Open
Distance Learning Mode. It was also submitted that the erstwhile Distance
Education Council had granted ex-post facto "institutional recognition" to the
said IASE for the programmes approved by the statutory body of the University
offered by it through distance mode upto academic year 2005 vide
communication dated 29.08.2007. Moreover, provisional institutional recognition
was also granted to IASE for academic year 2007-08 vide communication dated
03.09.2007 and 11.08.2009 respectively. However, no further recognition was
granted to IASE either by the Distance Education Council or by the UGC to offer
any programme through distance mode.

13)                It was submitted that the UGC has not granted its approval to
any Institute to open any study-centre in any other State or even within the
same State and moreover, no institution is authorised to affiliate any College or
Institution for conducting courses leading to award of diploma or a decree or to
impart technical and professional programmes through distance mode.
Moreover, it was submitted that the Distance Education Council, under IGNOU
(Indira Gandhi National Open University) had accorded ex-post facto
programme-wise approval to WILP with effect from 1995 to academic year
2007-08 vide communication dated 24.11.2009, only to BITS, Pilani. Therefore,
the degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering Technology granted in the year
2009 is invalid.

14)                In support of his submissions, the learned standing counsel for
the UGC has cited the case of Orissa Drift Irrigation Corporation Ltd. V. Rabi
Sankar Patro & Ors., (2018) 1 SCC 468 , and Bijon Nath v. The State of Assam &
                                                                      Page No.# 10/18

Ors., W.A. 55/2019, decided on 13.02.2020.

15)             Upon hearing all appearing sides, the materials available on the
record have been carefully perused and considered the submissions made and
cases cited at the Bar.

16)             In this case, the respondent no.1 in WA No. 142/2023 had filed
the writ petition after being unsuccessful in recruitment process. Therefore,
having not registered his protest before his participation in the process, the case
of E.S.I.C. (supra) cited by him would have no application in this case.

17)             It is noted that in paragraph 12 of the case of Orissa Lift
Irrigation Corporation Ltd. (supra), the Supreme Court of India had observed
that the UGC had not granted approval to any institution deemed to be
university to establish study centres. In paragraph 23.3 thereof, the Supreme
Court of India had referred to the AICTE (Grant of Approval for starting New
Technical Institutions, Introduction of Courses and Programmes and Approval of
Intake capacity of Seats for Courses or Programmes) Regulation, 1994 and
reference was made to Clause 4 of the said Regulation that after
commencement of the said Regulations, amongst others, no Technical
Institution, University or Deemed University or University Department or College
shall continue to admit students for Degree of Diploma Courses or Programmes
except with the approval of the Council. In paragraph 27.4, reference was made
to IASE, Sardarshahar, Rajasthan and it was stated that no deemed university
can start study centres/ franchises without prior approval of the UGC. Moreover,
it was observed that for starting any UGC approved degree course through
distance mode, prior approval of the Distance Education Council is mandatory.
In paragraph 30.15 of the said judgment, how off-campus centre is to be
regulated under UGC (Institutions Deemed to be Universities) Regulation, 2010,
                                                                      Page No.# 11/18

has been referred to, making it very clear that under Regulation 18, no
Institution Deemed to be University shall be allowed to conduct courses in the
distance mode from any of its off-campus centre approved subsequent to the
said regulations. As per the directions contained in paragraph 66, amongst
others, it was held that AICTE Regulations 1994 do apply to deemed to be
universities and deemed to be universities, in the said case, were not justified in
introducing any new course in technical education without the approval of the
AICTE. In respect of candidates who were enrolled during academic sessions
2001-2005, in the said case, the ex-post facto approvals granted by UGC and
their authorities concerned were set aside. Moreover, some modalities was also
devised for those students whose degrees were suspended by 15.01.2018.
Thus, as per the decision in the said case, no off-campus distance education
mode is permissible.

18)             No one has disputed the status of BITS, Pilani as an Institution
of Eminence. However, the question is whether imparting of education in WILP
mode is an off-campus mode of education, to which the answer is in the
affirmative. Accordingly, the appellant has miserably failed to show that WILP
form of off-campus education has been approved either by the UGC or by the
AICTE. Moreover, the appellant has not been able to show that the stand of the
UGC that the Distance Education Council, under IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National
Open University) had accorded ex-post facto programme-wise approval to WILP
with effect from 1995 to academic year 2007-08 vide communication dated
24.11.2009, only to BITS, Pilani and therefore, the degree of Bachelor of
Science in Engineering Technology granted in the year 2009 is invalid, is not
correct.

19)             It may be mentioned that the UGC and the AICTE were not
                                                                                Page No.# 12/18

initially arrayed as respondents in W.P.(C) 7342/2017. However, to have a proper
appreciation of the issue relating to qualification of Bachelor of Science in
Engineering Technology from BITS, Pilani, by virtue of the order dated
27.06.2019, passed in W.P.(C) 7342/2017, they were arrayed as respondent nos.
5 and 6 respectively. Taking note of the stand of the said two authorities, the
learned Single Judge had recorded as follows in paragraph 12 of the impugned
order, which is extracted below:-

         "12. To have a proper appreciation of the issue that the qualification of
         Bachelor of Science in Engineering Technology from BITS, Pilani is neither the
         same nor an equivalent of the required minimum qualification of a bachelor degree
         in Engineering from a recognized University or an Institute, we deem it proper to
         refer to the views of the AICTE as well as the UGC in their respective affidavits.
         The AICTE in their affidavit with reference to the aforesaid question in paragraph 6
         takes a stand that the word 'Work Integrated Learning Program (WILP) of BITS
         Pilani which is a deemed to be university is not an AICTE approved program and
         that the AICTE approval is necessary for a technical program conducted by the
         deemed to be university. According to the AICTE, the course leading to the
         Bachelor of Science in Engineering Technology of the BITS Pilani is an integrated
         learning program, which is a unique program for working professionals conducted
         without the approval of the AICTE. Although the BITS Pilani may be a deemed to
         be university, but it cannot claim to have the approval of AICTE with regard to the
         courses that it had offered. But the AICTE leaves it to the UGC for its clarification
         as to whether the WILP offered by BITS Pilani was approved by the UGC or not.
         The relevant extracts of the stand of the AICTE on the issue whether the
         qualification of Bachelor of Science in Engineering Technology from the BITS Pilani
         is an acceptable qualification or not is extracted as below:
              "The work integrated learning program (WILP) of BITS Pilani, a deemed to
              be university is not an AICTE approved program. Deemed to be University
              does not require AICTE approval till Supreme Court opined in 2017, that
              AICTE approval is necessary for technical programs conducted by deemed to
              be universities."
              "The integrated learning program is not a regular full time course nor it is
              Distance Education course as claimed by the BITS Pilani. It is a unique
              program for working professionals conducted without the approval of the
              AICTE. The deemed University cannot claim to have the approval of AICTE.
                                                                          Page No.# 13/18

              But the BITS Pilani claims that the course is approved by UGC. Hence the
              UGC would clarify that whether WILP being conducted by the BITS Pilani was
              approved by UGC or not."

20)             The appellant has not been able to dispel the stand of the UGC
in its affidavit-in-opposition that the Bachelor of Science in Engineering
Technology of BITS, Pilani has never been a specified degree of UGC under
Section 22 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 and therefore, the
said degree cannot be treated as a recognised degree.

21)             In this regard, it may be mentioned that though the learned
senior counsel for the appellant in W.A. 350/2022 and the learned counsel for
the appellant in W.A. 142/2023 have urged that the degree issued by BITS,
Pilani was not challenged in the writ petition and therefore, the validity of the
degree granted by BITS, Pilani could not have been decided without impleading
BITS, Pilani in the writ petition. In this regard, it may be mentioned that the
learned Single Judge has not declared all degrees granted by BITS, Pilani under
WILP Mode to be invalid. However, it was held by the learned Single Judge that
as per views and inputs by the AICTE and UGC, the qualification of Bachelor of
Science in Engineering Technology is not a recognised degree, it was held that
Mr. Sunirmal Bhattacharjee, the appellant in W.A. 350/2022 [i.e. respondent
no.4 in W.P.(C)7342/2017] did not have the necessary qualification to participate
in the selection process pursuant to advertisement dated 25.11.2016 of the IIT-
G Registrar for the post of Assistant Executive Engineer (Civil). Thus, the
selection and appointment of the appellant in W.A. 350/2022 was interfered
with by holding the selection and consequential appointment as non-est and
invalid in law. We concur with the said part of the decision by the learned Single
Judge.
                                                                       Page No.# 14/18

22)             In light of the discussions above, and as per the directions
contained in the case of Orissa Lift Irrigation Corporation Ltd. (supra), the cases
cited by the learned senior counsel for the appellant in W.A.350/2022, are not
found to help the appellants in both the appeals in any manner. Therefore, no
point would be served to burden this judgment and order with discussion on
those cases.

23)             The second part of the order by the learned Single Judge is a
direction that the writ petitioner, namely, Dipankar Das to be construed to be
the second candidate as per order of merit and provide for the consequential
order and benefits, and further directing that a reasoned order be passed within
a period of four months from the date of the order.

24)             Insofar as the said part of the order is concerned, it is seen from
the materials available in the Memo of Appeal that the proceeding of the
selection committee meeting for the post of Assistant Executive Engineer (Civil)
was held on 11.04.2017. As per the minutes of the meeting, 73 persons had
applied for the post out of which six candidates were called for interview. Two of
such candidates did not appear in the interview and therefore, out of four
applicants, the names of the appellant in W.A. 350/2022 (i.e. Sri Sunirmal
Bhattacharjee) and the respondent no 3 in the said appeal (i.e. Sri Bhaskar
Choudhury) were forwarded for approval vide letter dated 12.04.2017.
Thereafter, the Chairman of the Board of Directors of IIT-G accorded his
approval vide an e-mail communication dated 21.04.2017. Thereafter, the
Director of IIT-G had issued the letter dated 01.05.2017, offering appointment
in favour of the appellant in W.A. 350/2022. In its affidavit-in-opposition filed by
the IIT-G [respondent nos. 1 and 2 in W.P.(C) 7342/2017], it has been stated to
the effect that appointment orders were issued in favour of the appellant in
                                                                                    Page No.# 15/18

W.A. 350/2022 on 01.05.2017 and on completion of the process, the result of
the said selection was uploaded in the official website on 04.05.2017.

25)              Thus, in the considered opinion of the Court, after the appellant
in W.A. 350/2022 had joined in the post of Assistant Executive Engineer (Civil)
in IIT-G, the validity of the select list dated 11.04.2017, had come to an end.
The learned senior counsel for the appellant has not been able to show that the
said select list dated 11.04.2017, still remains valid now i.e. after 8 years. Under
such circumstances, when the validity of the select list is lost, the only way that
the post of Assistant Executive Engineer can be filled up in IIT-G is by way of a
fresh advertisement and selection process. The validity of the select list is not
shown to have been extended till date and thus, it had lost its force.

26)              In the case of Ali Hossain Mandal v. State of West Bengal, 2024
INSC 453: (2024) 0 Supreme(SC) 506 , the Supreme Court of India, after
discussing several precedents, has held that a panel or a merit list cannot be
treated as if it exists in perpetuity. Paragraphs 24 and 25 thereof are extracted
below:-

                24. To better understand whether such a panel can be utilised for
          appointment after its expiry and if there exists a legal right to be considered for
          appointments to the notified 16,500 vacancies, it is relevant to take note of the
          ratio in the following judgments:
                i. State of Orissa & Anr. v. Raj Kishore Nanda & Ors., (2010) 6 SCC 777 at
                783. Para 16:
                      "16. A select list cannot be treated as a reservoir for the purpose of
                      appointments, that vacancy can be filled up taking the names from that
                      list as and when it is so required. It is the settled legal proposition that
                      no relief can be granted to the candidate if he approaches the court
                      after the expiry of the select list. If the selection process is over, select
                      list has expired and appointments had been made, no relief can be
                      granted by the court at a belated stage."
                ii.Union of India v. B. Valluvan, (2006) 8 SCC 686, Para 17:
                                                                        Page No.# 16/18

            "17. The life of a panel ordinarily is one year. The same can be
            extended only by the State and that too if the statutory rule permits it
            to do so. The High Court ordinarily would not extend the life of a panel.
            Once a panel stands exhausted upon filling up of all the posts, the
            question of enforcing a future panel would not arise. It was for the
            State to accept the said recommendations of the Selection Committee
            or reject the same. As has been noticed hereinbefore, all notified
            vacancies as also the vacancy which arose in 2000 had also been filled
            up. As the future vacancy had already been filled up in the year 2000,
            the question of referring back to the panel prepared in the year 1999
            did not arise. The impugned judgment, therefore, cannot be sustained."
     iii. Girdhar Kumar Dadhich v. State of Rajasthan, (2009) 2 SCC 706 at 709,
     Para 16 :
            "16. Furthermore, the select list would ordinarily remain valid for one
            year. We fail to understand on what basis appointments were made in
            2003 or subsequently. Whether the validity of the said select list was
            extended or not is not known. Extension of select list must be done in
            accordance with law. Apart from a bald statement made in the list of
            dates that the validity of the said select list had been extended, no
            document in support thereof has been placed before us."
     iv. State of Bihar v. Mohd. Kalimuddin, (1996) 2 SCC 7 at 12. Paras 8 & 9 :
            "8. As held in the case of Shankarsan Dash, (1991) 3 SCC 47 even if
            vacancies are notified for appointment and adequate number of
            candidates are found fit, the successful candidates do not acquire an
            indefeasible right to be appointed, unless the relevant rules indicate to
            the contrary. It is indeed expected of the State to act bona fide and for
            valid reasons in refusing to make the appointments after the selection
            process has been gone through...
            Without knowing the nature of change it was not open to the High
            Court to anticipate the policy and brand it as unreasonable.
            9. For the above reasons, we are of the opinion that even if it is
            assumed that the panel or select list had not expired at the date of filing
            of the writ petition, the refusal on the part of the Government to make
            appointments from the panel or select list, vide letter dated 27-5-1993,
            could not be condemned as arbitrary, irrational and or mala fide. We,
            therefore, reverse the view taken by the High Court, set it aside and
            hold that the original writ petition was liable to be dismissed and we
            hereby dismiss the same. No order as to costs."
    25. The opinion expressed in the above judgments makes it clear that a
panel or a Merit List cannot be treated as if it exists in perpetuity, which will
                                                                             Page No.# 17/18

         facilitate making appointments as and when required. When the panel expires or
         after the selection process is over with most posts being filled, the benefit of
         appointments cannot be given unless the panel's validity is legally extended.
         However, no such extension of the panel's validity was granted. In fact, in
         conclusion of the earlier process, a fresh recruitment process was undertaken vide
         Notification dated 29.09.2022, through which, 9500 candidates have already been
         appointed.

27)             Accordingly, that part of the direction by the learned Single
Judge that the writ petitioner, namely, Dipankar Das, to be construed to be the
second candidate as per order of merit and provide for the consequential order
and benefits, and further directing that a reasoned order be passed within a
period of four months from the date of the order, is not in accordance with the
observations made by the Division Bench of this Court in the case of Governing
Body of Dibru College v. State of Assam & Ors., 2010 (1) GLT 301: (2009) 0
Supreme(Gau) 853 and in the case of Ali Hossain Mandal (supra), therefore,
warrants interference.

28)             Thus, in light of the discussions above, both these appeals are
partly allowed to the extent as indicated hereinafter. Accordingly, the Court is
inclined to pass the following -

ORDER

29) The appeal against the judgment and order dated 28.07.2022, passed by the learned Single Judge in W.P.(C) No. 7342/2017, being W.A. 350/2022 and W.A. 142/2023, are partly dismissed by holding that the impugned judgment, holding that the appellant in WA 350/2022 did not have the minimum required qualification as per advertisement dated 25.11.2016 of the Registrar, IIT-G and declaration of his selection and appointment to the post of Assistant Executive Engineer (Civil), as non-est and invalid in law, warrants Page No.# 18/18 no interference whatsoever.

30) However, both the appeals are partly allowed insofar as that part of the judgment and order dated 28.07.2022 is concerned, whereby direction has been issued by the learned Single Judge that the writ petitioner, namely, Dipankar Das, is required to be construed to be the second candidate as per order of merit and provide for the consequential order and benefits, with further directing that a reasoned order be passed within a period of four months from the date of the order.

31) Under the circumstances, the writ petitioner, namely, Sri Dipankar Das [i.e. respondent no. 6 in W.A. 350/2022, and respondent no. 1 in W.A. 142/2023] is found entitled to a cost of Rs.30,000/- (Rupees Thirty thousand only) to be paid by the appellant in W.A. 142/2023 [i.e. Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, represented by its Registrar]. The said cost shall be paid within outer period of 45 (forty-five) days from the date of receipt from the said Sri Dipankar Das, the relevant bank account particulars that may be relevant for online and/or electronic fund transfer), failing which the same shall become recoverable in accordance with law.

                              JUDGE                 JUDGE




Comparing Assistant