Supreme Court of India
Ram Singh & Ors vs Gram Panchayat Mehal Kalan & Ors on 22 September, 1986
Equivalent citations: 1986 AIR 2197, 1986 SCC (4) 364, AIR 1986 SUPREME COURT 2197, 1986 PUNJ LJ 636, 1986 BBCJ 161, 1986 HRR 613, (1986) JT 497 (SC), 1986 (2) CURCC 877, (1986) 2 LANDLR 465, 1986 (4) SCC 364, (1986) 3 SUPREME 429
Author: E.S. Venkataramiah
Bench: E.S. Venkataramiah, V. Khalid
PETITIONER:
RAM SINGH & ORS.
Vs.
RESPONDENT:
GRAM PANCHAYAT MEHAL KALAN & ORS.
DATE OF JUDGMENT22/09/1986
BENCH:
VENKATARAMIAH, E.S. (J)
BENCH:
VENKATARAMIAH, E.S. (J)
KHALID, V. (J)
CITATION:
1986 AIR 2197 1986 SCC (4) 364
JT 1986 497 1986 SCALE (2)472
ACT:
Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) Act, 1961: ss.
11-13 Suit against Panchayat seeking declaration and
possession of shamlat deh-Correctness of entries in revenue
records-Whether Civil Court has jurisdiction.
Civil Procedure Code, O.I., R. 8-Civil Suit for
declaration/possession of Shamlat deh lands-Not
maintainable.
HEADNOTE:
Section 11 of the Punjab Village Common Lands
(Regulation) Act, 1961 conferred jurisdiction on the
Collector to decide cases of persons claiming right, title
or interest in any land vested or deemed to have been vested
in a Panchayat, or claiming that any land has not so vested
in a Panchayat and against such order an appeal was provided
to the Commissioner. Under s. 12 every order of the
Collector or Commissioner was final and such order could not
be called in question in any Court by way of appeal or
revision or in any original suit, application or execution
proceedings. Section 13 of the Act provided that no civil
court shall have jurisdiction to entertain or adjudicate
upon any question whether any property or any right to or
interest in any property is or is not shamlat deh vested or
deemed to have been vested in a Panchayat under the Act.
The petitioners instituted a civil suit under O. 1, r.
8 of the Code of Civil Procedure for a declaration that they
were the owners in possession of the suit land, that the
Gram Panchayat had no sort of right in the suit land, that
the suit land had been wrongly shown as belonging to the
Panchayat by entries made in the revenue records which were
not binding on the plaintiffs, and for an injunction
restraining the Panchayat from interfering with their
possession. The respondent-Panchayat contended in its
written statement that the civil court had no jurisdiction
to try the suit by virtue of the provisions of s. 13 of the
Act. The trial court, however held that since the question
involved in the suit was
832
simply one of title to the suit land and it was not
necessary to decide whether the suit land was shamlat deh or
not and whether the land had validly vested in the Panchayat
or not being shamlat deh, it had jurisdiction to try the
suit.
Allowing the revision petition of the Panchayat the
High Court held that the suit was not maintainable before
the Civil Court since the issues involved in it were not
triable by such court by virtue of s. 11 read with s. 13 of
the Act.
Dismissing the appeal by special leave, the Court,
^
HELD: The High Court was right in holding that the suit
was not maintainable before the civil court. The plaintiffs
who claimed to be the owners of the suit land had avoided to
seek a declaration that the suit land was not shamlat deh.
They cannot by drawing their plaint cleverly be not claiming
a declaration that the land in question was not shamlat deh
confer jurisdiction on the civil court when by virtue of the
Act the jurisdiction of civil court to try such suits had
been taken away. The suit had been filed against the
Panchayat and the Panchayat had raised the plea that the
suit land was a part of the shamlat deh and that the
plaintiffs had no right or title to it. The civil court
cannot make a declaration in favour of the plaintiffs
without deciding the question whether the property in
question was shamlat deh or not and whether it belonged to
the Panchayat or not. That question has to be decided by the
Collector only under section 11 of the Act and not by the
civil court. [835H; 836A-C; 836G]
Bhagu & Ors. v. Ram Sarup & Ors., [1985] P.L.J. 366,
distinguished.
JUDGMENT:
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 7309 of 1986 From the Judgment and Order dated 16.4.1986 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Civil Revision No. 571 of 1986.
Harbans Lal and G.K. Bansal for the Petitioners. The Order of the Court was delivered by VENKATARAMIAH, J. The petitioners were plaintiffs. They instituted a suit in a representative capacity under Order 1 rule 8 of the Code of Civil Procedure in the Court of the Additional Senior Sub-Judge, Barnala for a declaration that they were the owners in posses-
833sion of the suit land along with some others, that the Gram Panchayat, Mehal Kalan, Tehsil Barnala, District Sangrur in the State of Punjab (hereinafter referred to as 'the Panchayat') had no sort of right in the suit land and that the suit land had been wrongly shown as belonging to the Panchayat by the entries made in the revenue records which were not binding on the plaintiffs and for an injunction restraining the Panchayat from interfering their possession. The Panchayat in the course of its written statement inter alia pleaded that the Court before which the suit had been instituted had no jurisdiction to try it by virtue of the provisions of section 13 of the Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) Act, 1961 (Punjab Act No. 18 of 1961) (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act'). The trial court framed an issue relating to its jurisdiction and tried it as a preliminary issue. It held that since the question involved in the suit was simply one of title to the suit land and it was not necessary to decide whether the suit land was shamlat deh or not and whether the land had validly vested in the Panchayat or not being shamlat deh, it had jurisdiction to try the suit. Aggrieved by the said finding recorded by the trial court, the Panchayat filed a revision petition before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana in Civil Revision Petition No. 571 of 1986. The learned Judge who heard the Revision petition came to the conclusion that the issues involved in the suit were not triable by a civil court by virtue of section 11 read with section 13 of the Act and accordingly he held that the suit was not maintainable before the civil court. The plaintiffs have preferred this petition before this Court under Article 136 of the Constitution of India requesting the Court to grant leave to prefer an appeal against the decision of the High Court.
Section 2(g) of the Act defines the expression 'Shamlat deh' as under:
"2(g) 'shamlat deh' includes-
(1) lands described in the revenue records as shamlat deh excluding abadi deh;
(2) shamlat tikkas;
(3) lands described in the revenue records as shamlat, tarafs, patties, pannas and tholas and used according to revenue records for the benefit of the village community or a part thereof or for common purposes of the villages;834
(4) lands used or reserved for the benefit of village community including streets lanes, playgrounds, schools, drinking wells, or ponds within abadi deh or gorah deh; and (5) lands in any village described as banjar qadim and used for common purposes of the village according to revenue records:
Provided that shamlat deh at least to the extent of twenty-five per cent of the total area of the village does not exist in the village; .................."
The Act was amended by the Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 1976. Section 7 of the above Amending Act substituted the original sections 11, 12 and 13 of the Act by new sections. After the amendment sections 11, 12 and 13 read as follows:
"11. Decision of claims of right, title or interest in shamlat deh.-(1) Any person claiming right, title or interest in any land vested or deemed to have been vested in a Panchayat under this Act, or claiming that any land has not so vested in a Panchayat, may submit to the Collector, within such time as may be prescribed, a statement of his claim in writing and signed and verified in the prescribed manner and the Collector shall have jurisdiction to decide such claim in such manner as may be prescribed.
(2) Any person or a Panchayat aggrieved by an order of the Collector made under sub-section (1) may, within sixty days from the date of the order, prefer an appeal to the Commissioner in such form and manner as may be prescribed and the Commissioner may after hearing the appeal, confirm, very or reverse the order appealed from and may pass such order as he deems fit.
12. Finality of orders.-Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, every order made by the Collector or the Commissioner shall be final and shall not be called in question in any court by way of appeal or revision or in any original suit, application or execution proceedings.835
13. Bar of jurisdiction of civil courts.-No civil court shall have jurisdiction-
(a) to entertain or adjudicate upon any question whether any property or any right to or interest in any property or is not shamlat deh vested or deemed to have been vested in a Panchayat under this Act; or
(b) to question the legality of any action taken by the Commissioner or the Collector or the Panchayat under this Act; or
(c) in respect of any matter which the Commissioner or the Collector is empowered by or under this Act to determine"
Section 11 of the Act provides that any person claiming right, title or interest in any land vested or deemed to have been vested in a Panchayat under the Act, or claiming that any land has not so vested in a Panchayat, may submit to the Collector, within such time as may be prescribed, a statement of his claim in writing and signed and verified in the prescribed manner and that the Collector shall have jurisdiction to decide such claim in such manner as may be prescribed. Any person aggrieved by the decision of the Collector is entitled to prefer an appeal to the Commissioner. Under section 12 of the Act every order made by the Collector or by the Commissioner, as the case may be is final save as otherwise expressly provided in the Act and such order cannot be called in question in any court by way of appeal or revision or in any original suit, application or execution proceedings. Section 13 of the Act provides that no civil court shall have jurisdiction to entertain or adjudicate upon any question whether any property or any right to or any interest in any property is or is not shamlat deh vested or deemed to have been vested in a Panchayat under the Act or to question the legality of any action taken by the Commissioner or the Collector or the Panchayat under the Act or in respect of any matter which the Commission or the Collector is empowered by or under the Act to determine. The contention of the Panchayat before the trial court was that the land in question was shamlat deh and it had been vested in it.
It is no doubt true that the plaintiffs who claimed to be the owners along with some others of the suit land had avoided to seek a 836 declaration that the suit land was not shamlat deh. They had, however, questioned the correctness of the entries in the revenue records which showed that the Panchayat was entitled to the suit land. The plaintiffs cannot by drawing their plaint cleverly by not claiming a declaration that the land in question was not shamlat deh confer jurisdiction on the civil court when by virtue of section 13 of the Act the jurisdiction of civil courts to try such suits had been taken away. In the instant case the suit had been filed against the Panchayat and the Panchayat had expressly claimed that the land in question belonged to it as shamlat deh. It will not be possible in the circumstances for the civil court to make a declaration in favour of the plaintiffs without deciding the question whether the property in question was shamlat deh or not and whether it belonged to the Panchayat or not. Reliance was however placed by the learned counsel for the petitioners on a decision of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Bhagu and Ors., v. Ram Sarup and Ors., [1985] Punjab Law Journal Page 366 in which the suit had been held to be maintainable in a civil court even though the defendant had contended that the land involved in that suit was shamlat deh. The High Court found that plaintiff in that case had only stated in the plaint that the land in question was 'Gali Sheh-re-aam' or a throughfare belonging to the Gram Panchayat which was being used by the plaintiff as an approach to his house for about 30 years and had prayed for an injunction restraining the defendant from interfering with his right. The Gram Panchayat in question had not been impleaded as a defendant. The plaintiff in that case had not claimed that the suit land belonged to him or that it did not belong to the Gram Panchayat. The crucial issue which had been framed in that case was whether the land in question over which the plaintiff had asserted his right was a street or not and whether the defendant had blocked the said street. The High Court held in the circumstances of that suit that the jurisdiction of the civil court had not been taken away by virtue of section 13 read with sections 13A and 13B of the Act which had been inserted by the Haryana Legislature into the Act. We are of the view that the above decision is clearly distinguishable from the present case since in this case the Panchayat which had been impleaded as a defendant had raised the plea that the suit land was a part of shamlat deh and that the plaintiffs had no right or title in it. This question has to be decided by the Collector only under section 11 of the Act and not by the Civil court. We do not, therefore, find any ground to interfere with the judgment of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana against which this petition is filed. The petition is dismissed.
P.S.S. Petition dismissed.
837