State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
Jale Singh S/O Insvar Singh vs Rungta Hospital Through Supertendent on 14 October, 2020
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xyr gS fd mlds pkpk ds dgus ij muds }kjk CyM dYpj djok;k cfYd ejht ds LokLF; o jksx ds y{k.kksa ds vk/kkj ij CyM dYpj djkrs gSaA fnukad 02-09-09 dks mldh CyM dYpj djok;h FkhA ejht dh fLFkfr esa dqN lq/kkj gks jgk Fkk blfy, 06-09-09 dks mls osUVhysVj ls gVk;k x;k ysfdu ejht ds 'kjhj esa fjizsDVjh o eYVh vkjxu Q~ys;j gks tkus o 'kkWd dh otg ls o ladze.k gks tkus ds dkj.k mldh rch;r okfil [kjkc fcxM+ x;h blfy, iqu% osUVhysVj ij fy;k x;k vkSj 09-09-09 CyM dYpj dh tkap djok;h x;hA ifjoknh dk ;g dguk fd mlds firkk dks tks nokb;kWa nh tk jgh Fkh og fu"izHkkoh xyr gSA ifjoknh ds firk dk 07-09-09 dks dksbZ CyM dYpj ugha djok;k x;k cfYd 07-09-09 dks bZ-Vh-V;qc dh dYpj tkap djok;h x;h ftlls ;g irk pyrk gS fd V;qc esa dksbZ dhVk.kw rks ugha gSA ejht dks izHkkoh nokb;kWa nh x;hA mldh Vh-,y-,y- 9000 ls de gksdj 6700 jg x;hA ifjoknh dk ;g dguk fd mlds firk dh e`R;q 11-09-09 dks foi{kh fpfdRlky; ds fpfdRld dh ykijokgh ls gqbZ xyr gS vkSj mudk ;g dguk fd ifjoknh us xyr :i ls jkf'k ,sBuk crk;k gS tks xyr gSA vkbZ-lh-;w- pktZ] Mk;fyfll pktZ] MkWDVj Qhl lc feykdj 82000@& :i, fy;s x;s Fks] 1]50]000@& :i, ugha fy;s x;s FksA muds vLirky dk vkbZ-lh-;w- jktLFkku ds izfl)re vkbZlh- ;w- es ls ,d gS tgka uohure midj.k gS] n{k fpfdRld gSa ftuds }kjk ejht dh fLFkfr ds vuqlkj bZykt fd;k tkrk gS dksbZ ykijokgh fpfdRld }kjk ugha cjrh tkrh gS cgl vafre vf/koDrk mHk;i{k tfj;s ohfM;ks dkWUQzsflax lquh xbZ rFkk i=koyh dk v?kksiku voyksdu o euu fd;k x;kA ifjoknh ds firk Msxwa cq[kkj ls ihfMr Fks] ,l ,e ,l vLirky esa HkrhZ djk;k] mlds ckn vizkFkhZ la0 1 gkWLihVy esa HkrhZ djk;k D;ksfd vizkFkhZ gkWLihVy dk uke o [;kfr Fkh] ifjoknh dk dguk gSa fd izksij bZykt ugha fd;k] cYM Dypj djkus ds ckotwn tks nokbZ dke ugha dj jgh Fkh] oks nsrs x;s] ifjoknh ds firk ds nwljs bUQsD'ku Hkh gks x;k ftlds ifj.kke Lo:Ik ifjoknh ds firk dh e`R;q gks x;hA 5 Lohd`r :Ik ls ifjoknh ds firk ds Msaxw Fkk rFkk Msaxw ds ckj esa fuEu crk;k x;k gSa %& Dengue fever Overview Dengue (DENG-gey) fever is a mosquito-borne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure (shock) and death.
Millions of cases of dengue infection occur worldwide each year. Dengue fever is most common in Southeast Asia and the western Pacific islands, but the disease has been increasing rapidly in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Researchers are working on dengue fever vaccines. For now the best prevention is to reduce mosquito habitat in areas where dengue fever is common.
Symptoms Many people, especially children and teens, may experience no signs or symptoms during a mild case of dengue fever. When symptoms do occur, they usually begin four to seven days after you are bitten by an infected mosquito.
Dengue fever causes a high fever -- 104 F degrees -- and at least two of the following symptoms:
Headache Muscle, bone and joint pain Nausea Vomiting Pain behind the eyes Swollen glands Rash Most people recover within a week or so. In some cases, symptoms worsen and can become life-threatening. Blood vessels often become damaged and leaky. And the number of clot-forming cells (platelets) in your bloodstream 6 drops. This can cause a severe form of dengue fever, called dengue hemorrhagic fever, severe dengue or dengue shock syndrome.
Signs and symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever or severe dengue -- a life- threatening emergency -- include:
Severe abdominal pain Persistent vomiting Bleeding from your gums or nose Blood in your urine, stools or vomit Bleeding under the skin, which might look like bruising Difficult or rapid breathing Cold or clammy skin (shock) Fatigue Irritability or restlessness When to see a doctor
Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room if you've recently visited a region in which dengue fever is known to occur and you develop emergency symptoms, such as severe abdominal pain, vomiting, difficulty breathing, or blood in your nose, gums, vomit or stools.
If you develop a fever and milder symptoms common to dengue fever, call your doctor.
Causes Dengue fever is caused by any one of four types of dengue viruses spread by mosquitoes that thrive in and near human lodgings. When a mosquito bites a person infected with a dengue virus, the virus enters the mosquito. When the infected mosquito then bites another person, the virus enters that person's bloodstream.
After you've recovered from dengue fever, you have immunity to the type of virus that infected you -- but not to the other three dengue fever virus types. The risk of developing severe dengue fever, also known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, actually increases if you're infected a second, third or fourth time.
Risk factors 7 Factors that put you at greater risk of developing dengue fever or a more severe form of the disease include:
Living or traveling in tropical areas. Being in tropical and subtropical areas increases your risk of exposure to the virus that causes dengue fever. Especially high-risk areas are Southeast Asia, the western Pacific islands, Latin America and the Caribbean.
Prior infection with a dengue fever virus. Previous infection with a dengue fever virus increases your risk of having severe symptoms if you're infected again.
Complications If severe, dengue fever can damage the lungs, liver or heart. Blood pressure can drop to dangerous levels, causing shock and, in some cases, death.
Prevention One dengue fever vaccine, Dengvaxia, is currently approved for use in those ages 9 to 45 who live in areas with a high incidence of dengue fever. The vaccine is given in three doses over the course of 12 months. Dengvaxia prevents dengue infections slightly more than half the time.
The vaccine is approved only for older children because younger vaccinated children appear to be at increased risk of severe dengue fever and hospitalization two years after receiving the vaccine.
The World Health Organization stresses that the vaccine is not an effective tool, on its own, to reduce dengue fever in areas where the illness is common. Controlling the mosquito population and human exposure is still the most critical part of prevention efforts.
So for now, if you're living or traveling in an area where dengue fever is known to be, the best way to avoid dengue fever is to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes that carry the disease.
If you are living or traveling in tropical areas where dengue fever is common, these tips may help reduce your risk of mosquito bites:
Stay in air-conditioned or well-screened housing. The mosquitoes that carry the dengue viruses are most active from dawn to dusk, but they can also bite at night.8
Wear protective clothing. When you go into mosquito-infested areas, wear a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, socks and shoes.
Use mosquito repellent. Permethrin can be applied to your clothing, shoes, camping gear and bed netting. You can also buy clothing made with permethrin already in it. For your skin, use a repellent containing at least a 10 percent concentration of DEET.
Reduce mosquito habitat. The mosquitoes that carry the dengue virus typically live in and around houses, breeding in standing water that can collect in such things as used automobile tires. You can help lower mosquito populations by eliminating habitats where they lay their eggs. At least once a week, empty and clean containers that hold standing water, such as planting containers, animal dishes and flower vases. Keep standing water containers covered between cleanings.
ifjoknh ds firk ds Msaxw Fkk rFkk nwljk bUQsD'ku Hkh gqvk gSa ijUrq mldh fLFkfr Li"V ugha gSaA fo}ku ftyk eap us vius fu.kZ; fnukad 15-10-2018 ds iSjk la- 13 esa fuEu vafdr fd;k gSa %& ifjoknh dh vksj ls gekjs le{k fdlh MkWDVlZ dh desVh ;k fo'ks"kK dh fjiksVZ izLrqr ugha dh x;h gSa ftlls ;g izekf.kr gksrk gSa fd foi{kh fpfdRlky; ;k muds fpfdRld }kjk ifjoknh ds firk ds fd;s x;s bZykt esa fdlh rjg dh ykijokgh cjrh x;h ;k mudk bZykt nks"kiw.kZ jgkA fu"d"kZr% ifjoknh dk ifjokn foi{khx.k ds fo:} [kkfjt fd;k tkrk gSaA bl laca/k esa (2005) 6 Supreme court cases 1 JACOB MATHEW V/s STATE OF PUNJAB AND ANOTHER esa ekuuh;
loksZPp U;k;ky; us fuEu fu/kkZfjr fd;k gSa %& J. Tort Negligence -Medical negligence -When actionable -Test for - Approach to be taken in dealing with cases of -Rational for differential treatment lf medical profession discussed on extensor -Duties undertaken by doctors enumerates -Help in a claim of medical negligence ,it is enough for defendant to show that standard of care and skill attained was that of the ordinary competent medical practitioner exercising an ordinary degree of professional skill- Test for medical negligence laid down in Bolan case (1957)2 9 All ER 118,121 D-F set out in para 19 herein help applicable in India -Further explained in detail when deviation from normal medical practice would amount to evidence of medical negligence -Various issues clarified as to (1) state of knowledge by which standard of care is to be determined, (2) standard of care in cade of charge of failure (a) to use some particular equipment or (b) to take some precaution, (3) enquiry to be made when alleged negligence is
(a) due or an accident , or (b) due to an error of judgment in choice of a procedure or its execution - Considerations to be kept in mind by any forum prying issue of medical negligence ,specified -Medical Practitioners K. Tort -Negligence -Professional negligence -When actionable -Test for - Head ,a professional may be held liable negligence either (1) when he was not possessed of the requisite skill which he professes to have possesses, or (2) when he did not exquisite skill which he did possess - Standard to be applied would be that of an ordinary competent person exercising ordinary skill in that profession - Test for professional negligence laid down in Bolan case () 1957 2 All ER 118,121 D-F set out in para 19, held, applicable in India -
Professional negligence distinguished from occupational negligence N. Tort -Negligence -Definition and meaning (jurisprudential and forensic), disbudded in extensor -Words and phrases The jurisprudential concept of negligence defies any precise definition. In current forensic speech, negligence has three meninges. They are: (1) a state of mind, in which it is opposed to intention; (2) careless conduct; and (3) the breach of a duty to take care that is different circumstances but any one of them does not necessarily exclude the other meanings. (Paras 10 and 11) negligence is the breach of a duty caused by omission to be something which a reasonable man guided by those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do. Negligence becomes actionable on account of injury resulting from the act of omission amounting to negligence attributable to the person sued the essential components of negligence as recognized are three : duty , breach and; resulting, damage, that is to say:
(1) the existence of a duty to take card, which is owed by the defendant to the complainant;
(2) the failure to attain that standard of care, prescribed by the law thereby committing breach of such duty; and 10 (3) Damage, which is both causally connected with such breach and recognized by the law has been suffered by the complainant.
If the claimant satisfies the court on the evidence that these three ingredients are made out, the defendant should be held liable in negligence (2009) 3 Supreme Court Cases 1 MARTIN F.D SOUZA V/s MOHD. ISHFAQ esa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us fuEu fu/kkZfjr fd;k gSa %& A. Consumer Protection Act,1986 -Ss. 21,22,17,18,11, and 14- Medical negligence -Proper course for Consumer Fora, criminal courts and police in cases of -Rules to protect doctors against frivolous complaints laid down in para 52 of Jacob Mathew case, (2005) 6 SCC 1, reiterated
- Further directed Consumer Forum or criminal court concerned should first refer the matter to a competent doctor or committee of doctors specialized in the relevant field and when such a doctor or committee reports that there is a prima facie case of medical negligence only then issue notice to the doctor or hospital concerned -Courts and Consumer Fora are not experts in medical science and, therefore, they should not substitute their own views over that of specialists - Police officers warned against appeasing or harassing doctors unless the facts clearly come within the parameters laid down in Jacob Mathew case -Medical Practice and Practitioners -Penal code,1860 -Ss. 304-A,336and 337 ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us bl fu.kZ; esa fo'ks"kK dh fjiksVZ vfuok;Z ekuh gSaA ;g nks ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifr dk fu.kZ; Fkk tcfd tSdc eSF;w dk fu.kZ; rhu ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifr dk FkkA mlds Ik'pkr (2010)5 Supreme Court Cases 513 V.KISHAN RAO V/S NIKHAL SUPER SPECIALITY HOSPITAL AND ANOTHER ftlesa ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us fuEu fu/kkZfjr fd;k gSa%& Consumer Protection -Service -Medical practitioners/service Medical negligence -Expert opinion of prima facie negligence if a precondition for Consumer Forum to proceed with a case -No rule of general application, head can be laid down in this regard -Expert opinion is required only when a case is complicated enough warranting expert opinion, o facts of a case are such that Forum cannot resolve an issue without expert' assistance - On facts head, where a patient who was suffering from intermittent fever and chills, was wrongly treated for typhoid instead of malaria for four days, which resulted in 11 her death, was as apparent case of medical negligence -It was not necessary to obtain expert opinion in the first instance before District Forum could award compensation -Investigation conducted by another hospital where patient was removed in a critical condition on fifty day, showed that widely Test for typhoid was negative whereas test for malarial parasite was positive, was treatment -Consumer Protection Act, 1986 -Ss. 2 (o),(g),13 and 14- Evidence Act,1872,S.45 A. Consumer Protection -Service -Medical practitioners/service -medical negligence -Requirement to obtain independent medical opinion before investigation is imitated against a doctor - Direction given in jacod Mathew case, (2005) 6 SCC 1, para 52- Head is meant for criminal cases and not for civil cases filed in Consumer Fora for the purpose of determining civil liability
-General directions given in Martin F.D Souza case ,(2009) 3 SCC 1, para 106 extending the same to civil cases head, are per incuram and not binding - Consumer Forum can give appropriate relief on the basis of summary trial on affidavits but it is not bound by views expressed by expert because medical negligence is a mixed question of law and fact, to be resolved finally by Forum- In complicated civil cases requiring expert evidence, parties are also free to approach civil court instead of Consumer Forum -Consumer Protection Act,1986 -Ss.1 (o),3, 13 and 14 - civil Procedure Code, 1908 - S.9- Evidence Act, 1872 -S.45- penal Code,1860-S.304-A ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; ekfVZu ,Q Mh ds fu.kZ; dk incuram and not binding crk;k gSa tcfd fo}ku ftyk eap us bl fu.kZ; ij fo'okl djds ifjokn [kkfjt dj fn;k tks cgqr cMh dkuwuh Hkwy dh gSaA fo}ku ftyk eap dk vkns'k vikLr ;ksX; gSa] tks vikLr djds iqu% izsf"kr fd;k tkrk gSaA izdj.k ds xq.kk&voxq.k ij fd D;k vLirky us fLdy ,.M ds;j dk iz;ksx djds bZykt fd;k ;k ugha] bl ij foospu djsA ftyk eap dk vkns'k vikLr djds iqu% izsf"kr fd;k tkrk gSaA i{kdkjku fnukad 01-11-2020 dks ftyk eap] t;iqj r`rh;] t;iqj esa mifLFkr gksoAs lkekU;r;k ;g ns[kus esa vk;k gSa fd fo}ku ftyk eap dkuwuh fLFkfr dk fcuk iw.kZ voyksdu fd;s izdj.k dk fu.kZ; dj nsrs gSaA fo}ku ftyk eap tSdc eSF;w dk fu.kZ; i< ysrk rFkk ;g ns[k ysrk fd ;g fu.kZ; rhu ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifrx.k dk gSa blesa fo'ks"kK dh fjiksVZ gksuk t:jh ugha ekuk gSaA bl 12 fu.kZ; ds Ik'pkr ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; us ekfVZu ,Q Mh dk fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k tks fu.kZ; ekuuh; loksZPp U;k;ky; ds nks ekuuh; U;k;kf/kifrx.k dh cSap us xyr ekukA vr% bl vkns'k dh izfr laiw.kZ ftyk eapksa dks Hkstdj funsZ'k fn;s tkrs gSa fd fdlh dkuwuh fLFkfr ij ;fn ifjokn [kkfjt djrs gSa rks iwjh fLFkfr dk voyksdu djs rFkk mls dksM djrs gq, fu.kZ; ikfjr djsA i=koyh vf/kuLFk eap esa fnukad 01-11-2020 dks is'k gksA ¼Jhefr 'kksHkk flag½ ¼dey dqekj ckxMh½ lnL;
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