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[Cites 26, Cited by 1]

Gujarat High Court

Gujarat State Cooperative Marketing ... vs State Of Gujarat & 2 on 24 April, 2017

Author: R.M.Chhaya

Bench: R.M.Chhaya

                 C/SCA/11599/2013                                          ORDER



                  IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD

                    SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 11599 of 2013
         ==========================================================
            GUJARAT STATE COOPERATIVE MARKETING FEDERATION LTD &
                                 1....Petitioner(s)
                                      Versus
                      STATE OF GUJARAT & 2....Respondent(s)
         ==========================================================
         Appearance:
         MR DIPEN DESAI, ADVOCATE for the Petitioner(s) No. 1 - 2
         MR VENUGOPAL PATEL, AGP for the Respondent(s) No. 1, 3
         MR HIMANSHU K PATEL, ADVOCATE for the Respondent(s) No. 2
         NOTICE SERVED BY DS for the Respondent(s) No. 1 , 3
         ==========================================================
          CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.M.CHHAYA
                            Date : 24/04/2017
                                    ORAL ORDER

1. Heard Mr. Dipen Desai, learned advocate for the  petitioners   and   Mr.   P.G.   Desai,   learned   senior  advocate   with   Mr.   Himanshu   Patel,   learned  advocate   for   respondent   no.2   and   Mr.   Venugopal  Patel, learned AGP for respondents no.1 and 3.

2. By way of this petition under Article 226 of the  Constitution, the petitioners have prayed for the  following reliefs ­ "be pleased to issue a writ of mandamus or a   writ in the nature of mandamus or any other   appropriate   writ,   order   or   direction   quashing and setting aside the finalization  of   the   preliminary   town   planning   scheme  No.56(Narol­Shahwadi)   towards   Final   Plot  No.30/1   reducing   Original   Plot   from   31749  square meters at Annexure­A to the petition,  the   order   passed   by   respondent   No.2   dated  30.4.2013 at Annexure­B to the petition and  Page 1 of 26 HC-NIC Page 1 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER also   the   order   passed   by   respondent   No.1   dismissing   the   representation   made   by   the  petitioner No.1 dated 25.6.2013 at Annexure­ C to this petition.

3. The following facts emerge from the record of the  petition ­ 3.1 That   the   petitioner   no.1   is   a   federation  established in the year 1960 and as per the say  of   the   petitioner,   about   1386   cooperative  societies   are   affiliated   with   the   petitioner  no.1   federation   and   approximately   5000  cooperative   societies   are   working   with   the  petitioner.  It is the case of the petitioners  that the petitioner federation is the helping  agency for the agricultural crops and trying to  get maximum price for the farmers of the State.  It is also the case of the petitioners that the  petitioner federation has processing units for  pulse mill, rice mill, oil mill, cotton ginning  and pressing unit etc.   3.2 The   record   indicates   that   big   processing  unit   was   established   by   the   petitioner   no.1  federation over the land in question situated  at Narol (now forming part of the city limits  of Ahmedabad city) in the year 1972.  It is the  case   of   the   petitioners   that   the   petitioner  federation   has   constructed   different   godowns,  different plants and open space is utilised for  storing   different   agricultural   produces   and  also for the purpose of packing seeds. 

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HC-NIC Page 2 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER 3.3 As   the   record   indicates,   the   land   in  question being Revenue Survey No.20/2 Part and  20/1   to   7   was   included   in   the   map   of   Town  Planning   Scheme   No.56(Narol)   (hereinafter  referred   to   as   the   "Scheme"   for   the   sake   of  brevity).     It   also   appears   that   the   original  survey   number   of   the   petitioners   was   alloted  Original   Plot   No.20/1   and   20/3.     The   record  further   indicates   that   the   petitioners   were  served with notice by the Town Planning Officer  on   25.06.1999,   which   was   replied   by   the  petitioner No.1 on 16.02.2004.   The Scheme in  question ultimately came to be sanctioned under  the provisions of Section 65(3) of the Gujarat  Town Planning and Urban Development Act, 1976  (hereinafter referred to as the "Act" for the  sake   of   brevity)   and   the   petitioner   no.1   was  served with a notice for implementation of the  same.     At   that   juncture,   the   petitioners  preferred petition before this Court being SCA  No.2629/13, which came to be disposed of by an  order   dated   07.03.2013.     The   record   also  indicates that thereafter, the petitioners had  also   filed   representation   which   came   to   be  rejected and therefore, the present petition is  filed.

4. It   is   contended   by   the   petitioners   in   the  petition   that   it   is   the   duty   of   the   respondent  authorities to see that as far as possible, the  Page 3 of 26 HC-NIC Page 3 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER existing structure is required to be maintained.  It is the case of the petitioners that entrance  and   the   guard   room   of   the   premises   would   be  adversely   affected   by   the   Scheme   and   some   open  space which is utilised for processing of seeds,  pulse,   rice   and   even   to   dry   products   shall   be  affected and it would amount to closure of some  of the processing units and shall be impossible  for   the   petitioner   no.1   to   carry   out   other  processing units and it would be not only be loss  to the petitioner no.1 federation but also to the  farmers of the State.

5. It   is   also   contended   that   while   deciding   the  representation   dated   20.03.2013   filed   by   the  petitioners pursuant to the order passed by this  Court in SCA No.2629/13 dated 07.03.2013, hearing  was given and the Engineer of the petitioner no.1  federation   remained   present   before   respondent  no.1 and gave every details.   However, the same  is  not  considered  and  the  same  is  in  breach  of  the spirit in which the Hon'ble Court had passed  the   order.   By   way   of   an   amendment,   the  petitioners have also brought on record the fact  that   the   petitioner   federation   is   running   the  factory in the form of Small Scale Industry and  has brought on record the certificate issued by  the   District   Industrial   Centre,   Ahmedabad,   the  license   issued   by   the   competent   authority   for  running rice and pulse mills and the factum that  the petitioner federation has paid all the taxes. 

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HC-NIC Page 4 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER It is contended further in the petition that the  respondent   authorities   have   no   right   to   prepare  the scheme which would amount to closing down the  useful   processing   units   of   the   petitioner   no.1  federation and therefore the scheme is arbitrary  and violative of Article 14 of the Constitution  of India.  Relying upon the provisions of Section  45(1)   of   the   Act,   it   was   contended   by   the  petitioners that duty is cast upon the respondent  authorities at the time of framing of the Scheme  that the Town Planning Scheme is to be framed in  such   a   fashion   that   it   would   not   affect   the  existing   structure   which   is   arbitrary   and  violative of Article 14 of the Constitution and  in breach of the provisions of Section 45 of the  Act.

6. It   is   reiterated   that   if   the   scheme   is  implemented,   the   petitioners   would   be   compelled  to   handover   possession   of   the   land   which   is  forming gate, security room and other godowns and  units   would   be   adversely   affected,   which   would  amount   to   exposing   all   processing   units   without  any gate which is not permissible under the Act  and the processing units of the petitioners shall  have   no   gate.     It   is   also   reiterated   that   the  open   place   which   is   used   by   hundreds   of   women  workers who are engaged in weighing and packing  the seeds in the open plot will not get any place  and   in   such   an   event,   the   seeds   unit   will   be  required   to   be   closed   down   and   the   farmers   of  Page 5 of 26 HC-NIC Page 5 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER Gujarat will be deprived of pure and qualitative  seeds at the affordable rate from the petitioner  no.1   and   therefore,   it   is   contended   that   the  Scheme is not in the interest of farmers of the  State.  It is also contended that the orders are  passed   without   considering   the   provisions   of  Section   70   of   the   Act   under   which   the   State  Government   has   powers   to   make   variance   in   the  Scheme   considering   the   case   of   the   petitioners  and   it   is   contended   that   the   impugned   order   is  passed   as   if   the   authorities   have   no   power   to  vary the scheme.  It is therefore contended that  non­exercise   of   power   and   non­consideration   of  the   provisions   of   Section   70   of   the   Act   has  resulted into serious miscarriage of justice.

7. It   is   also   averred   that   the   sole   purpose   of  reducing the original plot is to create funds and  the Act is not enacted for generation of funds,  but under the guise of development for creating  funds, the land belonging to the petitioner no.1  has   been   deducted   and   therefore,   the   scheme   is  arbitrary   and   violative   of   Article   14   of   the  Constitution.  It is also contended that none of  the authorities have contended that the land is  required to be maintained for commercial purpose.  The order indicates that reduction is not for the  purpose   of   development,   but   for   generating   the  funds. 

 

8. It   is   also   contended   that   even   though   the  Page 6 of 26 HC-NIC Page 6 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER petitioners   have   submitted   all   required  documents,   the   same   are   not   considered   and  therefore, the decision at Annexure­B is perverse  and violative of Article 14 of the Constitution.  It   is   also   contended   that   the   premises   of   the  petitioners exist before the scheme prior to the  preparation of the scheme and therefore, if the  margin   is   not   maintained   and   the   open   space   is  not   be   maintained,   it   would   be   in   violation   of  Section 45 of the Act and therefore, the scheme  is arbitrary and violative of Article 14 of the  Constitution.

9. The respondent no.2 AMC has filed an affidavit­ in­reply.   The Corporation has brought on record  the   following   dates,   which   indicates   the  procedure followed by the Corporation as well as  State Government for preparation of the Scheme in  question which are follows ­ Sr. Particulars Date No. 1 Consultation given by Chief 20.04.1991 Town Planner 2 Resolution   for   declaration 25.06.1991 of   intention     by   General  Board 3 Declaration of intention 03.07.1991 4 Declaration   published   in 08.07.1991 official gazette  5 Declaration   published   in 08.07.1991 Gujarat   Samachar   and  Jaihind newspapers 6 Draft   Scheme   published 13.01.1995 under Section 42 of the Act  Page 7 of 26 HC-NIC Page 7 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER and came to be sanctioned  7 Appointment   of   Town 09.03.1995 Planning Officer 8 Sanction   of   Preliminary 22.02.2012 Scheme 

10. The Corporation has also brought on record that  as   per   the   draft   town   planning   scheme,   survey  Nos.20­A,   20­B   and   20(2)   were   merged   and   given  Original   Plot   No.20.     Original   Plot   No.20­A  belonged   to   one   Momin   Cooperative   Housing  Society.     The   petitioners   were   given   Original  Plot   No.20/3   and   final   plot   no.30/1   and   the  remaining   part   of   Survey   No.20/2   to   7   and   20/7  part being original plot no.20/2 admeasuring 1922  sq. mtrs. have gone in town planning road.   The  respondent Corporation has relied upon the F form  as   well   as   part   plan   of   the   preliminary   town  planning scheme which came to be sanctioned vide  notification   dated   22.02.2012.   It   is   also  contended   by   the   respondent   Corporation   that   as  per   the   order   dated   07.03.2013   passed   by   this  Court,   the   representation   was   filed   by   the  petitioners   to   the   State   Government   and   the  Commissioner   of   the   Corporation   and   the  petitioners were given opportunity of being heard  and thereafter, the decision dated 30.04.2013 was  taken by the Corporation and by a decision dated  25.06.2013, the State Government decided the said  representation   after   giving   an   opportunity   of  being heard to the petitioner.   It is contended  that  the  Scheme  has   become  part   of  the  Act  and  Page 8 of 26 HC-NIC Page 8 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER the   land   reserved   for   the   appropriate   authority  is vested in the appropriate authority free from  all encumbrances.  It is therefore contended that  the petition deserves to be dismissed.  

11. The   petitioners   have   also   filed   rejoinder   and  have merely denied the contentions raised by the  respondent Corporation in its affidavit.

12. The   learned   counsel   for   the   petitioners   has   at  the outset submitted that the present petition is  only   limited   to   the   aspect   of   variation.     Mr.  Desai,   learned   counsel   appearing   for   the  petitioners   further   submitted   that   it   is   an  appropriate case to vary the scheme inasmuch as  that the oil seed factory of the petitioner shall  be disturbed.   It was contended that reservation  for sale for commercial is not necessary at all  and   the   authority   ought   to   have   exercised   the  power   of   variation.     The   learned   counsel   also  submitted   that   the   notice   given   by   the   Town  Planning Officer was replied, which has not been  considered.     The   learned   counsel   appearing   for  the petitioners has therefore submitted that the  petition   deserves   to   be   allowed.     The   learned  counsel   for   the   petitioner   has   relied   upon   the  judgments  of  this  Court  in  the  case  of    Kartik  Mohanbhai Patel Vs. State of Gujarat reported in  2001(4)   GLR   3028   and   in   the   case   of   Mukundlan  Trikamlal   Patwa   vs.   State   of   Gujarat   &   Ors.  reported in 2007(1) GLR 761.

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HC-NIC Page 9 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER

13. The learned counsel appearing for the Corporation  has contended that the Town Planning Scheme has  been prepared after duly following the procedure  as envisaged under the Act and applicable Rules  and   after   considering   the   objections   raised   by  the petitioners and the same has become a part of  the   Act.     It   was   further   pointed   out   that   the  respondent authorities before passing orders upon  the   representation   filed   by   the   petitioners   has  given   opportunity   of   being   heard   to   the  petitioners and has rightly considered the same.  Relying upon the order dated 30.04.2013, it was  contended   that   the   Town   Planning   Officer   has  considered   the   construction   which   was   already  existing   at   the   time   of   preparation   of   the  preliminary scheme and as such no construction of  godowns   or   pulse   mills   are   affected.     It   was  contended that the scheme is legal and proper and  is not required to be varied as rightly decided  by   the   respondent   Corporation   as   well   as   the  State Government.  It was also contended that the  allocation   made   under   the   Scheme   is   as   per   the  provisions   of   the   Act   for   development   of   the  whole town planning scheme area and only because  the petitioner no.1 is a State level federation,  it   cannot   insist   for   zero   deduction   in   the  scheme.     It   was   therefore   contended   that   no  interference   is   called   for   and   the   petition  deserves to be dismissed.

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HC-NIC Page 10 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER

14. No other or further submissions are made by the  learned counsel appearing for the parties.

15. Before reverting to the submissions made by the  learned   counsel   appearing   for   the   parties,   it  would be appropriate to note that from the record  of   the   petition,   it   is   quite   clear   that   the  authorities   including   the   Corporation   and   the  Town   Planning   Officer   as   well   as   the   State  Government   have   scrupulously   followed   the  procedure   as   envisaged   under   the   provisions   of  the Act for preparing, publishing and sanctioning  the scheme in question right from Section 40 to  Section   65   of   the   Act.   It   also   deserves   to   be  noted   that   as   such   the   learned   counsel   for   the  petitioners has also contended that the petition  is more directed towards the variation aspect.

16. With the consent of the learned counsel appearing  for   the   parties,   this   Court   called   for   the  original proceedings of the Town Planning Scheme  relating to the land in question for perusal and  as such the relevant documents are also found on  record of this petition.  It deserves to be noted  that   a   notice   was   given   by   the   Town   Planning  Officer   on   13.11.1998,   whereby   the   petitioners  were informed that the Town Planning Officer has  entered   his   duties   as   Town   Planning   Officer   as  far as the scheme is concerned and also the fact  that the draft town planning scheme is sanctioned  asking   the   petitioners   to   remain   present   in  Page 11 of 26 HC-NIC Page 11 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER person on 26.11.1998.  A further notice was given  by the Town Planning Officer on 21.06.1999 asking  the petitioners to remain present before him on  29.06.1999.  It also appears from the record that  the   petitioners   through   their   Civil   Engineer  filed   objection   in   respect   to   the   notice   dated  21.06.1999 on 06.07.1999, which only pertains to  the financial aspect of the scheme.   The record  indicates   that   thereafter,   again   a   notice   was  issued   by   the   Town   Planning   Officer   after  reconstitution   of   the   plots   in   question   on  24.03.2003   asking   the   petitioners   to   remain  present   on   09.04.2003,   whereby   the   petitioner  asked   the   Town   Planning   Officer   to   have   zero  deduction   in   the   area   of   the   petitioner's  original   plot.     The   record   indicates   that  thereafter a notice dated 29.10.2004 was issued.  The record indicates that thereafter a notice as  contemplated   under   Section   26(9)   came   to   be  issued   by   the   Town   Planning   Officer   on  07.12.2005.    The   record   further   indicates   that  notice   regarding   final   scheme   was   heard   on  01.06.2009 which relates to the financial aspect.  The record indicates that in between, petitioners  filed objection dated 29.06.2008 before the Town  Planning   Officer.   From   the   original   record,   it  appears   that   the   contentions   which   were   raised  before this Court in SCA No.2629/13 which is made  the basis of the representation dated 20.03.2013  were not at all raised before the Town Planning  Officer more particularly as regards the use of  Page 12 of 26 HC-NIC Page 12 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER the open plot as now contended by the petitioners  in  the  petition.   On  the  contrary,  it  is  found  that in the communication dated 25.04.2003 before  the Town Planning Officer, while contending that  there should be zero deduction in the area of the  scheme,   the   petitioners   had   asked   the   town  planning officer to have zero deduction in such a  manner   that   no   loss   is   occurred   to   the  petitioners   and   allot   other   final   plot   in   the  nearby vicinity.

17. It   further   deserves   to   be   noted   that   in   the  petition the basis of variation as referred to by  the   petitioners   is   to   Section   70   of   the   Act,  which   empowers   the   State   Government,   on   an  application by the appropriate authority to vary  the scheme on the ground of error, irregularity  or informality.   In the facts and circumstances  of this case, it cannot be said that there is any  error,   irregularity   or   informality   in   the  sanctioned   town   planning   scheme.     At   this  juncture,   it   would   be   appropriate   to   note   that  there are part plan of the final plots alloted to  the petitioner.   It appears that no constructed  property of the petitioner is affected as far as  the final plot no.102 which is allocated for sale  for   commercial   is   carved   out.     Even   if   the  boundary   of   final   plot   no.11   which   is   also  allocated   for   sale   for   commercial   is   considered  as per the sanctioned scheme, only the open space  is   earmarked   and   reconstituted   as   final   plot  Page 13 of 26 HC-NIC Page 13 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER no.11   which   touches   the   constructed   property   of  the   petitioner.     The   purpose   for   which   the  allocation   is   made   is   one   of   the   purpose   as  envisaged under Section 40 of the Act.   Section  40(3)   of   the   Act     clearly   provides   that   Town  Planning   Scheme   may   make   provisions   for   the  matters   which   are   provided   under   the   said   sub­ section and the degree and extent of development  depends on such provision in every town planning  scheme.  In light of the aforesaid therefore, it  cannot be said that there is error, irregularity  and informality in the scheme.  

18. In the case of Mukundlal Trikamlal Patwa (supra),  this   Court   considered   the   fact   that   the   Town  Planning Officer had come to the conclusion that  the whole land was declared as surplus land under  the ULC Act and on such basis, considered it to  be   Government   land   and   on   facts   of   such   case,  this   Court   was   pleased   to   hold   that   it   does  appear   that   error   is   committed   by   the   Town  Planning   Officer   while   preparing   the   scheme   qua  the ownership of the land in question as if the  Government   was   the   owner   though   the   land   was  already allotted to one Sakina Abbas Karimi who  in turn had given the land to the petitioner. In  such factual background, this Court has come to  the   conclusion   that   there   is   an   error   in   the  scheme   and   therefore,   the   same   deserves   to   be  varied under Section 70 of the Act. In the case  on hand, no such facts exist.   With respect, it  Page 14 of 26 HC-NIC Page 14 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER cannot be said that there is any error apparent  on the face of the record.   Following the ratio  laid   down   by   the   Apex   Court   in   the   case   of  Babulal   Badriprasad   Varma     reported   in   2008(3)  GLH 137, the contentions which are raised before  this Court and in the representation are raised  for the first time and considering the ratio laid  down by the Division Bench of this Court in the  case of Kartik Mohanbhai Patel (supra) it is no  doubt true that the State Government has power to  vary the scheme, however in the case on hand, the  State   Government   as   well   as   the   Ahmedabad  Municipal   Corporation   after   hearing   the  petitioners   have   passed   the   impugned   orders   and  in facts of the case, it cannot be said that both  the   authorities   have   committed   any   error   in  examining   the   representation   filed   by   the  petitioners pursuant to the order of this Court.

19. In the case of Babulal Badriprasad Varma (supra),  the Apex Court has observed thus ­ "32. It is not in dispute that: 

(a)   Appellant   although   filed   an   objection  with   regard   to   the   draft   scheme,   did   not  choose to pursue it. 
(b)   He   did   not   file   objections   for   re­ allotment   and   did   not   participate   in   the  proceedings following acquisition instituted  by the authorities under the Act.

In view of the above, the issue is whether   it was open to him to assert his purported   right   to   special   notice   in   respect   of   the  final   allotment   in   the   instant   case   given  the   fact   that   he   did   not   pursue   his   Page 15 of 26 HC-NIC Page 15 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER objections   to   the   draft   scheme   and  subsequently   did   not   object/participate  during the proceedings for re­allotment. 

33. It has been noticed by us hereinbefore  that   under   Rule   26   of   the   Rules   applicable  in   the   instant   case,   as   distinguished   from   the Bombay Rules (wherein special notice is  required), no special notice is mandatorily  required   to   be   served.   Assuming,   however,  that   it   was   obligatory   for   the   State   to  issue notice to the appellant, the question  is whether the principle of waiver precludes  him   from   claiming   equitable   relief   in   this  case   due   to   his   earlier   conduct   which  allowed   the   entire   process   of   acquisition  and allotment to become final. We are of the   opinion that even if he had any such right,   he waived the same.

In Halsbury's Laws of England, Volume 16(2),  4th edition, para 907, it is stated: 

"The   expression   `waiver'   may,   in   law,  bear   different   meanings.   The   primary  meaning   has   been   said   to   be   the  abandonment   of   a   right   in   such   a   way  that   the   other   party   is   entitled   to  plead   the   abandonment   by   way   of  confession   and   avoidance   if   the   right  is   thereafter   asserted,   and   is   either  express or implied from conduct. It may   arise from a party making an election,  for example whether or not to exercise  a  contractual   right...   Waiver   may  also  be by virtue of equitable or promissory   estoppel; unlike waiver arising from an   election,   no   question   arises   of   any  particular knowledge on the part of the   person   making   the   representation,   and  the  estoppel  may   be  suspensory  only...  Where the waiver is not express, it may  be   implied   from   conduct   which   is  inconsistent   with   the   continuance   of  the right, without the need for writing   Page 16 of 26 HC-NIC Page 16 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER or   for   consideration   moving   from,   or   detriment to, the party who benefits by   the waiver, but mere acts of indulgence   will   not   amount   to   waiver;   nor   may   a  party benefit from the waiver unless he   has altered his position in reliance on   it"

As early as 1957, the concept of waiver was   articulated   in   a   case   involving   the   late   assertion   of   a   claim   regarding   improper  constitution   of   a  Tribunal  in  Manak  Lal   v.  Dr.   Prem   Chand[AIR   1957   SC   425]   in   the  following terms: 

"It   is   true   that   waiver   cannot   always   and   in   every   case   be   inferred   merely  from   the   failure   of   the   party   to   take  the   objection.   Waiver   can   be   inferred  only if and after it is shown that the  party knew about the relevant facts and  was   aware   of   his   right   to   take   the  objection.   As   Sir   Johan   Romilly   M.   R.  has   observed   in   Vyvyan   v.   Vyvyan  [(1861)   30   Beav.   65,   74;   54   E.R.   813,  817]   "waiver   or   acquiescence,   like  election,   presupposes   that   the   person  to   be   bound   is   fully   cognizant   of   his  rights, and, that being so, he neglects  to enforce them, or chooses one benefit  instead   of   another,   either,   but   not  both, of which he might claim".

In The Director of Inspection of Income Tax (Investigation), New Delhi and Another v. Pooran Mal & Sons and Another [(1975)   4  SCC  568]   the  issue  was   regarding  waiver   of  benefits   under   a   statute   of  limitation. It was stated: 

"13. We may in this connection refer to  the decision in Wilson v. McIntosh. In  that   case   an   applicant   to   bring   lands  under   the   Real   Property   Act   filed   his  case   in   court   under  Section   21,   more  than   three   months   after   a   caveat   had  been lodged, and thereafter obtained an  order that the caveator should file her   Page 17 of 26 HC-NIC Page 17 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER case, which she accordingly did. It was   held   that   he   had   thereby   waived   his  right   to   have   the   caveat   set   aside   as   lapsed   under   Section  23.   The   Privy  Council held that the limitation of time  contained   in  Section   23  was   introduced  for   the   benefit   of   the   applicant,   to  enable   him   to   obtain   a   speedy   determination of his right to have the  land brought under the provisions of the  Act   and   that   it   was   competent   for   the   applicant   to   waive   the   limit   of   the  three months, and that he did waive it   by stating a case and applying for and   obtaining an order upon the appellant to  state her case both, which steps assumed  and proceeded on the assumption of the  continued   existence   of   the   27   caveat.   They   referred   with   approval   to   the  decision in Phillips v. Martin where the  Chief Justice said: 
"Here   there   is   abundant   evidence   of   waiver, and it is quite clear that a man  may by his conduct waive a provision of  an   Act   of   Parliament   intended   for   his  benefit.   The   caveator   was   not   brought   into Court in any way until the caveat   had lapsed. And now the applicant, after  all these proceedings have been taken by  him,   after   doubtless   much   expense   has   been   incurred   on   the   part   of   the  caveator, and after lying by and hoping   to  get a  judgment  of  the Court in his   favour, asks the Court to do that which  but for some reasons known to himself he  might have asked the Court to do before  any   other   step   in   the   proceedings   had  been taken. I think he is altogether too  late. It is to my mind a clear principle  of equity, and I have no doubt there are  abundant authorities on the point, that  equity   will   interfere   to   prevent   the  machinery of an Act of Parliament being   used   by   a   person   to   defeat   equities  which he has himself raised, and to get  Page 18 of 26 HC-NIC Page 18 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER rid   of   a   waiver   created   by   his   own   acts."

The legal principle emerging from these  decisions   is   also   stated   in   Craies   on  Statute   Law   (6th   Edn.)   at   page   369   as  follows: 

"As   a   general   rule,   the   conditions  imposed   by   statutes   which   authorise  legal   proceedings   are  treated   as   being  indispensable   to   giving   the   court  jurisdiction.   But   if   it   appears   that   the   statutory   conditions   were   inserted   by   the   legislature   simply   for   the   security   or   benefit   of   the   parties   to  the   action   themselves,   and   that   no  public   interests   are   involved,   such  conditions   will   not   be   considered   as   indispensable,   and   either   party   may  waive   them   without   affecting   the  jurisdiction   of   the   court."   [emphasis  supplied]  Applying   the   above   principles   to   the   present case, it must be held that the  benefit   of   notice   provided   under   the   Act and Rules being for the benefit of  the   Appellant   in   which   no   public  interests   are   involved,   he   has   waived  the same." 

20. At   this   juncture,   it   would   be   appropriate   to  refer to the judgment of this Court in the case  of   Shilpa   Park   Coop.   Housing   Society   Ltd.   v.  Surad   Development   Authority   reported   in   1996(2)  GLR 707, wherein in para 9, it has been observed  thus ­ "9. While   dealing   with   the   preliminary  objection,   it   would   be   necessary   to   read   Section 65 of the Act of 1976, thus: 

On receipt of the preliminary scheme or, as  Page 19 of 26 HC-NIC Page 19 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER the case may be, the final scheme, the State   Government may ­ 
(a)   in   the   case   of   a   preliminary   scheme,  within a period of two months from the date   of its receipt, and 
(b)   in   the   case   of   final   scheme,   within   a  period   of   three   months   from   the   date   of  receipt,   by   notification,   sanction   the  preliminary   scheme   or   the   final   scheme   or  refuse   to   give   sanction,   provided   that   in  sanctioning   any   such   scheme,   the   State  Government   may   make   such   modifications   as  may,   in   its   opinion,   be   necessary   for   the  purpose of correcting an error, irregularity  or infirmity,  Sub­section (2) provides that ­  The scheme shall be kept open for inspection  by the public, and Sub­section (3) provides  that ­  On   and   after   the   date   fixed   in   such   notification, the preliminary scheme or the  final scheme, as the case may be, shall have   effect as it were enacted in this Act. 

The question raised before the Full Bench in   Dungarlal's case (supra) was whether before  finalisation   of   the   Town   Planning   Scheme  under   the   Bombay   Town   Planning   Act,   1954,  the Town Planning Officer was required to be  issued special notice under  Sub­rule (3) of  Rule   21   of   the  Bombay   Town  Planning  Rules,  1955 to the person who claims to be tenant   of whole or some portion of the land. Before   the   Full  Bench  two   questions   were   raised   ­  firstly,   whether   special   notice   to  individual under Rule 21(3)(4) of the Act of  1976   of   at   least   3   days   duration   is   mandatory; and secondly whether the finally  sanctioned scheme, in view of the provisions  of   Section   65(3)   is   immune   from   challenge  being a legislative Act. So far as the first   Page 20 of 26 HC-NIC Page 20 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER question   is   concerned,   a   Division   Bench   of  this   Court   in   the   case   of   Kaushikprasad  Chandulal   Mahadevia   v.   Ahmedabad   Municipal   Corporation  reported   in   1970   GLR  993,   took  the   view   the   Rule   21   is   a   salutary   rule  intended to safeguard the property rights of  citizens  who   are   affected   by   making  of  the  Town   Planning   Scheme.   Again   in   the   case   of  Mohanlal Jesinghbhai v. P.J. Patel reported  in 1970 GLR 1035, the Court held that behind   Rule 21 Clause (4) clearly is that all must   have a opportunity of stating their views in   making   their   representation   before   a  decision   is   taken   by   the   Town   Planning   Officer   affecting   them.   The   Court   further  held   that   a   tenant   of   the   land   to   be   acquired   is   a   person   affected   within   the   meaning of Clause (4) of Rule 21. Both the   aforesaid   decisions   were   referred   in   Dungarlal's case (supra) for reconsideration  to   the   Full   Bench.   The   Hull   Bench,   after  examining   the   various   provisions   of   the  Bombay   Town   Planning   Act,   1959   and   the   Rules, held that the two decisions referred  in   1970   GLR   at   pages   993   and   1035   were   wrongly   decided   only   to   the   extent   that   a  right to individual notice under Rules 21(3)  and 21(4) is held to be so mandatory as to  have   a   nullifying   consequence.   The   Court  held   that   Sub­rules   (3)  and   (4)   are  merely  additional procedural safeguards and not the  essential  minimum   requirements.   So   far   as  the   second  question   is   concerned,   the   Full  Bench held that the validity of legislative  measure   can   be   gone   into   even   in   writ  jurisdiction   only   to   the   limited   extent,  i.e.  

1. Whether   there   is   any   transgression   of  jurisdiction of authorities concerned,

2. Whether   the   scheme   is   finally   emerged  is totally inconsistent with the Act and,

3. Whether   the   minimum   statutory  essentials are not complied with and as such   Page 21 of 26 HC-NIC Page 21 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER there   is   fundamental   breach   resulting   into  total lack of jurisdiction,

4.   It   was   also   held   that   the   other   procedural   errors   or   defects   that   would  render a scheme which has become legislative  measure   and   part   of   the   Act   liable   to  attract   or   challenge   in   a   Court   on   the  ground that it is null and void. 

This view endorsed by another Full Bench in  the   case   of   Saiyed   Mohammed   v.   Ahmedabad   Municipal   Corporation   and   Ors.   reported   in  1977   GLR   549.   The   Supreme   Court   in  Jaswantsingh's   case   (supra)   has   overruled  the judgment of the Full Bench of this Court   in   Dungarlal's   case   (supra)   only   to   the  extent   of   first   part  of  its   judgment,   i.e.  with   respect   to   non­compliance   with   the  requirement  of  Sub­rules   (3)   &  (4)   of   Rule 

21.   In   Dungarlal's   case,   Kaushikprasad's  case   and   in   Mohanlal's   case,   the   decisions  rendered by the earlier two Division Benches  were held to be wrongly decided. The Supreme   Court  reversed  the   said  view   and  held   that  both   the   said   judgments   laid   down   the   law  correctly.   It   would   be   convenient   to   read  para 15 of the judgment of the Supreme Court   as   reported   in   1992   (Suppl.)   (1)   SCC   5   as  under: 

Accordingly,   we   are   of   the   considered  view that the judgment in Kaushikprasad  Chandulal   Mahadevia   v.   Ahmedabad  Municipal   Corporation   and  Mohanlal  Jesinghbhai   v.   P.J.   Patel,   Town  Development Officer, Ahmedabad Municipal  Corporation,   laid   down   the   law  correctly. The finding of the Full Bench  in the first part of its judgment to the   effect   that   non­compliance   with   the  requirement of Sub­rules (3) and (4) of  Rule 21 does not vitiate the scheme is   not sound in law. 
Thus, it is clear that the Supreme Court has   Page 22 of 26 HC-NIC Page 22 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER reversed   the   judgment   in   Dungarlal's   case  only   on   the   first   question.   Thus,   the   law  laid down in Dungarlal's case on the second  question is a good law being approved by the   Apex Court." 
21. The contention raised by the petitioner that the  reservation   is   for   the   allocation   for   sale   for  commercial   is   to   raise   funds,   in   view   of   the  provisions   of   Section   40(jj),   deserves   to   be  rejected outright.  As per the said provision, as  observed hereinabove, the State Government while  preparing   the   Town   Planning   Scheme   can   provide  for   the   matters   which   are   provided   under   sub­ section (3) of Section 40 of the Act.
22. It   also   deserves   to   be   noted   that   as   observed  hereinabove, as such, constructed property of the  petitioner is not affected.  As can be seen from  the   petition   itself,   it   is   contended   by   the  petitioners that the constructed property of the  petitioners should not be affected.  Even at the  cost of repetition it deserves to be noted that  as per the part plan which is on record, none of  the   godowns   or   factories   is   affected   and  therefore, only because the petitioner no.1 is a  State   level   federation,   it   cannot   insist   that  there   should   be   zero   deduction.     The   Town  Planning   Officer   after   following   due   process   of  law   has   prepared   and   published   the   preliminary  scheme   which   has   been   sanctioned   by   the   State  Government.   Considering   the   orders   impugned  passed   by   the   Corporation   as   well   as   the   State  Page 23 of 26 HC-NIC Page 23 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER Government, it cannot be said that the same are  in any manner arbitrary, perverse or dehors the  provisions of the Act.
23. Considering the fact that the purpose is for sale  for commercial, it is provided that as and when  the land in question which is forming Final Plot  No.102   and   11,   the   petitioner   can   be   given  priority   by   the   authorities   in   accordance   with  law   and   the   petitioner   is   at   liberty   to   match  with   the   price   which   may   be   determined   in  accordance   with   law   by   the   implementing  authority.  The Corporation as well as the State  Government   has   considered   all   the   aspects   of  variation and even if the provisions of Section  71 of the Act are considered, it cannot be said  that   the   impugned   orders/decision   of   the   State  Government are erroneous.
24. It   also   deserves   to   be   noted   that   as   provided  under Section 65(3) of the Act, the Scheme when  sanctioned   becomes   part   of   the   Act   and   the  petitioners   have   not   been   able   to   show   any  contingencies   which   would   constitute   error,  irregularity   or   informality   in   the   scheme   and  only because the petitioner no.1 is a State level  federation,   no   different   treatment   can   be   given  to the petitioner federation.   The Town Planning  Officer   after   following   the   procedure   has   taken  the   decision   as   per   the   principles   of   the   Act. 

As observed hereinabove, the constructed property  Page 24 of 26 HC-NIC Page 24 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER of   the   petitioner   federation   is   not   at   all  affected   and   considering   the   geographical  location of the Final Plots No.102 and 11, it is  allocated for public purpose as enumerated under  Section   40(3)   of   the   Act.     If   the   contention  raised by the petitioners is examined, virtually,  the   petitioners   desire   that   there   should   be   no  deduction in the area of the original plots and  the   original   plots   of   the   petitioner   federation  be   reconstituted   as   a   final   plot.     The  authorities   including   the   Town   Planning   Officer  has considered all relevant aspects touching the  principles   of   the   Act   and   the   scheme   has   been  sanctioned by the State Government under Section  65(3)   of   the   Act.     In   light   of   the   aforesaid  therefore,   it   cannot   be   said   that   there   is   any  error, irregularity or informality in the scheme  as sanctioned.   It further deserves to be noted  that   in   all   town   planning   schemes,   the  necessities   of   public   utility   has   also   to   be  taken   into   consideration   and   therefore,   when  allocation/reservation is made in a town planning  scheme for any of the purposes under the Act, it  cannot be said that the same is provided for any  financial gain to the appropriate authority.   On  the contrary, as per the provisions of the Act,  such   allocation   not   only   ensures   planned  development   which   is   found   necessitated   by   the  Town Planning Officer, but it also takes care of  the cost of the scheme which is to be borne by  the   appropriate   authority.     In   light   of   the  Page 25 of 26 HC-NIC Page 25 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017 C/SCA/11599/2013 ORDER aforesaid,   the   State   Government   as   well   as   the  Corporation have rightly provided in the impugned  orders that the petitioners  can follow procedure  provided in Disposal of Land & Other Properties  Regulation, 2002.  

25. In   light   of   the   aforesaid   therefore,   no  interference   is   called   for   exercise   of  jurisdiction by this Court under Article 226 of  the   Constitution   and   the   decision   taken   by   the  State   Government   and   the   Corporation   on   the  representation filed by the petitioners is legal  and proper.

26. The petition is therefore liable to be dismissed  and is hereby rejected in limine.

 

(R.M.CHHAYA, J.) bjoy Page 26 of 26 HC-NIC Page 26 of 26 Created On Wed Aug 16 05:04:52 IST 2017