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Gujarat High Court

Bhikhalal Kalyanji Jethava vs Central Bureau Of Investigation & 4 on 15 November, 2017

Author: Sonia Gokani

Bench: Sonia Gokani

                 R/SCR.A/5476/2017                                             ORDER




                  IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD

            SPECIAL CRIMINAL APPLICATION (DIRECTION) NO. 5476 of 2017

         ==========================================================
                    BHIKHALAL KALYANJI JETHAVA....petitioner(s)
                                    Versus
               CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION & 4....Respondent(s)
         ==========================================================
         Appearance:
         BHAVYARAJ K GOHIL, ADVOCATE for the petitioner(s) No. 1
         MR KSHITIJ AMIN, ADVOCATE FOR MR RC KODEKAR, ADVOCATE for the
         Respondent(s) No. 1
         PUBLIC PROSECUTOR for the Respondent(s) No. 5
         ==========================================================

          CORAM: HONOURABLE MS JUSTICE SONIA GOKANI

                                     Date : 15/11/2017


                                      ORAL ORDER

1. In   this   petition,   the   petitioner   seeks   issuance  of writ of mandamus under Articles 226 and 227 of  the   Constitution   of   India   or   any   other  appropriate   writ,   order   or   direction   for  appointing   Special   Public   Prosecutor   to   conduct  trial/retrial of the CBI Sessions Case Nos.1, 2  and   3   of   2014,   pending   before   the   CBI   Court,  Ahmedabad in the backdrop of judgment and order  dated 29.06.2017, passed by the Coordinate Bench  in   Special   Criminal   Application   No.2135   of   2017  Page 1 of 27 HC-NIC Page 1 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER and the judgment dated 30.10.2017 passed by the  Apex Court in Criminal Appeal No.942 of 2014 with  Criminal   Appeal   No.1854   of   2017   arising   out   of  Special   Leave   Petition   (Criminal)No.4965   of  2017,Criminal Appeal No.1855 of 2017 arising out  of   Special   Leave   Petition   (Criminal)No.5086   of  2017 and Criminal Appeal No.1856 of 2017 arising  out   of   Special   Leave   Petition   (Criminal)5309   of  2017 and Criminal Appeal No.1857 of 2017 arising  out of Special Leave Petition (Criminal) No.5321  of 2017.

2. This Court on 26th July, 2017 passed the following  order:

"1. The   petitioner,   herein,   is   the  father   of   the   deceased   Amit   Jethva,   a  lawyer   and   an   RTI   activitist,   who   is  allegedly,   murdered   and   the   trial   in  regard   to   which   is   going   on   before   the  CBI   Court   No.1,   Mirzapur,   Ahmedabad,  being   Sessions   Case   Nos.1,   2   and   3   of  2014. 
2. It   is   the   case   of   the   petitioner  that   totla   195   witnesses   have   turned  hostile,   and   therefore,   the   complainant  had moved this Court, seeking exercise of  powers under Articles 226 and 227 of the  Constitution  of  India,  by way  of  Special  Criminal   Application   No.2315   of   2017. 



                                   Page 2 of 27

HC-NIC                           Page 2 of 27     Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017
          R/SCR.A/5476/2017                                           ORDER



This   Court   vide   its   judgment   and   order  dated   29.06.2017   allowed   the   said  petition  and  directed  retrial  in  all  the  cases being Sessions  Case Nos.1, 2 and 3  of   2014,   to   be   conducted   by   another   CBI  Court. 
3. It   is   the   case   of   the   petitioner  that   the   challenge   made   to   the   said  judgment   and   order   of   this   Court   before  the   Apex   Court   has   not   resulted   into  staying   of   the   said   judgment   and   order.  It is, therefore,  his say that the trial  is   to   begin   from   today.   It   is   his   say  that   it   was   primarily   the   duty   of   the  Public Prosecutor concerned to aid in the  process   of   justice.   They   being   the  ministers of justice and having failed to  discharge   their   duties,   it   is   desirable  in   wake   of   this   judgment   and   order   of  retrial   to   direct   the   fresh   appointment  of   Special   Public   Prosecutor   to   conduct  the retrial of all the three cases. 
4. Learned   Special   Public   Prosecutor,  Mr.   Kodekar,   has   already   been   served   in  advance a copy of this petition. 
5. Learned   Advocate,   Mr.   B.K.   Gohil,  appearing   for   the   petitioner   has  fervently  urged  that  in  the  judgment  and  order of retrial passed by this Court, at  various places, it has specified the role  of   each   segment   of   the   criminal   justice  system,   and   therefore,   there   is   a   need  for this Court to consider the change of  Special   Public   Prosecutor.   He   has   urged  that   the   entire   exercise   should   not  result   into   futility   due   to   one   segment  having   performed   its   duty   in   perfunctory  manner. 
6. Learned   Special   Public   Prosecutor,  Mr.   KodeKar,   needs   to   take   instructions  in   the   matter   and   to   respondent   to   the  Page 3 of 27 HC-NIC Page 3 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER same.   The   matter   is   kept   for   further  hearing   tomorrow,   S.O.   to   27th  JULY,  2017."  

3. On 31st July, 2017 when the learned Special Public  Prosecutor appearing for the CBI sought time, the  order passed was as follows:

"Learned   Special   Public   Prosecutor   Mr.R.C.Kodekar   appearing   for   the   respondent   No.1   CBI   seeks   time   of   two   weeks   for   the   agency   to   consider   the   change   of   Special   Public   Prosecutor.   Bearing   in   mind   the   fact   that,   the   trial is now scheduled by the CBI Court   on the August 3, 2017, this request can   not be acceded to. At the best the time   can   be   granted   upto   August   2,   2017,   before the CBI Court proceeds with the   matter on August 3, 2017. 
Accordingly,   the   matter   is   kept   on   August   2,   2017.   The   authority   shall   decide   promptly   bearing   in   mind   the   detail directions issued by this Court   while   ordering   retrial   of   the   entire   case. The respondent No.1 shall also be   conscious   of   the   fact   that   next   scheduled date is August 3,2017, which   is   fixed   for   deciding   the   modality   of   affording   protection   to   the   witnesses   by the prosecuting agency. Let   the   matter   appear   on   August   2,   2017.
Copy   of   this   order   to   be   given   to   learned   Special   Public   Prosecutor   for   onward   communication   and   due   follow   up."

4. The   next   date   scheduled   was   4th  August,   2017,  where   the   order   passed   by   this   Court   deserves  Page 4 of 27 HC-NIC Page 4 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER reproduction at this stage, which reads as under:

"1. The present applicant is father of   the   deceased   Shri   Amit   Jethwa,   a   lawyer   and   an   RTI   Activist   who   lost   his   son   in   an   incident   which   took   place in the year 2010. 
2.Case   of   his   alleged   murder   is   being tried as CBI Sessions Cases   No.1 of 2014, 2 of 2014 and 3 of   2014   at   CBI   Court,   Mirzapur,   Ahmedabad.   The   prosecution   has   examined   190   witnesses   and   105   witnesses   have   turned   hostile   to   the   case   of   prosecution   and   therefore,   the   present   applicant   was   before   this   Court   by   preferring   Special   Criminal   Application   No.2135   of   2017   seeking   retrial,   in   exercise   of   powers   under   Section   386   of   the   Criminal   Procedure   Code   and   also   on   seeking   invocation   of   jurisdiction under Article 226 of   the Constitution of India.
3.This Court, vide its judgment and   order   dated   29/06/2017,   after   extensively   hearing   both   the   sides,   allowed   the   petition   and   directed the CBI Court to proceed   on   day   to   day   basis   for   the   retrial.   It   would   be   apt   to   reproduce   the   final   directions   issued   by   this   Court   vide   order   dated 29/6/2017:
[1]   The   High   Court   on   the   administrative   side   shall   pass   an   appropriate order transferring all the   three   CBI   Sessions   cases   i.e.   CBI   Sessions   Cases   Nos.1   of   2014,   2   of   2014 and 3 of 2014 as on date pending   in the Court of the Presiding Officer,   Page 5 of 27 HC-NIC Page 5 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER namely,   Shri   Dinesh   L.   Patel,   CBI   Courts,   Court   No.4,   Ahmedabad   to   any   other CBI Court. On all the three CBI   Sessions cases referred to above being   transferred to a particular Court, the   Presiding   Officer   concerned   shall   retry   all   the   accused   persons   on   the   selfsame charge framed.
[2]   The   prosecuting   agency   i.e.   the   CBI   shall   obtain   the   witness   summons   from   the   Court   concerned   and   start   examining the witnesses a fresh. 
[3] The retrial shall commence at the   earliest and shall proceed on the day­ to­day basis. 
[4]   The   retrial   shall   be   in­camera   proceedings. 
[5]   The   prosecuting   agency   i.e.   the   CBI   as   well   as   the   State   police   machinery   is   directed   to   ensure   that   full   protection   is   given   to   each   of  the witnesses and they be assured that   no harm would befall upon them in any   manner.   For   ensuring   of   a   sense   of   confidence   in   the   mind   of   the   witnesses,   and   to   ensure   that   they   depose   freely   and   fearlessly   before   the   Court,   the   following   steps   shall   be taken: 
(i)   Ensuring   safe   passage   for   the   witnesses   to   and   from   the   Court   precincts. 
(ii)   Providing   security   to   the   witnesses in their place of residence   wherever considered necessary, and iii.Relocation   of   witnesses   to   any   State   or   to   any   other   place,   as   thought fit, wherever such a step is  Page 6 of 27 HC-NIC Page 6 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER necessary. 

Let me at this stage clarify   something important. It could   be argued that the directions   issued  by this  Court amounts   to   directly   or   indirectly   exerting   pressure   on   the   witnesses,  but the answer  to   this   is   an   emphatic   'No'.  

These   directions   are   necessary and are in line of   doing complete justice. 

4.It   is   say   of   the   applicant   that   two   accused   namely   Mr.Dinu   Boghabhai   Solanki   and   Mr.Bahadur   Sinh   Vadher   have   challenged   the   said judgment and order by way of   preferring Special Leave Petition   (Criminal)   No.4965   of   2017   and   Special Leave Petition (Criminal)   No.5086   of   2017   before   the   Apex   Court.

5.On   20/07/2017,   Hon'ble   the   Apex   Court passed following order: 

List the matters on 26th July, 2017.  We   are   informed   that   the   matter   is   coming   up   before   the   Trial   Court   on  25th  July,   2017.   It   would   be   open   to   the  parties  to make  a request  to the   Trial Court for adjournment and it is   for the Trial Court to take a call on   that. 

6.   Thereafter   on   26/07/2017,   on   the   request made by the learned counsels,   the   said   matters   have   been   listed   on  10/08/2017   by   the   Apex   Court.  

7.   By   way   of   present   application,   father   of   the   deceased   has   urged   that Special Public Prosecutor being   Page 7 of 27 HC-NIC Page 7 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER minister of justice, has duty to aid   in the process of justice and as 105   witnesses   have   turned   hostile   on   account   of   alleged   threat   and   inducement  allegedly  administered  by   the   accused,   for   ensuring   fair   trial,   Special   Public   Prosecutor   be   appointed for conducting retrial. It   is   further   urged   that   those   Special   Public   Prosecutors   who   were   conducting   the   trial   earlier   could   have risen to the occasion and their   inaction   also   has   resulted   into   failure   of   justice.   The   petitioner,   therefore,   has   urged   to   direct   appointment   of   Special   Public   Prosecutor to conduct the retrial of   CBI   Sessions   Cases   pending   before   the   CBI   Court,   Ahmedabad   in   the   backdrop   of   the   judgment   and   order   delivered   by   this   Court   in   Special   Criminal Application No.2135 of 2017   dated 29/06/2017.

8.   This   Court   on   26/07/2017   heard   both   the   sides,   when   Mr.R.C.   Kodekar,   learned   Special   Public   Prosecutor representing the CBI, had   sought   time  to  take  instructions  in   the   matter   and   at   his   request   the   matter   was   fixed   on   31/07/2017.   He   had   once   again   asked   for   further   time   of   two   weeks   for   the   CBI   to   consider   the   change   for   Special   Public   Prosecutors   on   that   day.   However,   considering   the   fact   that   proceedings   before   the   CBI   Court   were  posted  on  03/08/2017,  time  was   given up to 02/08/2017.

9. It is to be noted that pursuant to  the liberty granted by the Apex Court   to   the   learned   Special   Judge,   CBI   Court, the concerned Court has chosen   to proceed with the trial as directed   Page 8 of 27 HC-NIC Page 8 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER by   this   Court   in   Special   Criminal   Application   No.   2135   of   2017.   The   matter had been kept on 03/08/2017 to   work   out   modality   of   affording   protection   to   the   witnesses   by   the   prosecuting   agency   as   has   been   directed   by   this   Court   in   its   operative   order.   It   is   also   worth   mentioning   at   this   stage   that   this   Court   had   directed   retrial   to   be   commenced at the earliest and proceed   on   day­to­day   basis   and   entire   retrial   has   been   directed   in   camera   proceedings.   Before   the   CBI   Court,   works   out   the   detailed   mechanism   of   ensuring   complete   protection   and   safety   of   the   witnesses   during   the   pendency of the court proceedings and   otherwise,   it   would   be   utmost   necessary to consider request made by   father   of   the   victim   where   he   has   urged to decide on the change of the   Prosecutor. 

10.   This   Court   has   therefore   heard   both the sides at length. 

11.   Learned   advocate   Mr.   Bhavyaraj   S.   Gohil,   appearing   for   the   petitioner   has   urged   that   the   Hon'ble   Apex   Court   has   not   stayed   the   judgment   of   this   Court   of  Special   Criminal   Application   No.   2135   of   2017   for   retrial.   He   has   further   urged   that   certain   observations   and   findings   of   this   Court   while   granting   retrial   question   role   of   the   then   learned   Public   Prosecutors.   Again,   their   contribution   and   assigned   duties   make   them   extremely   important   segment. One of the vital objectives   of the criminal justice system is of   reaching to the truth. He also urged   that   it   will   be   necessary   for   the   Page 9 of 27 HC-NIC Page 9 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER witnesses also to have confidence in  those   conducting   the   trial   and   duty   towards   the   public   and   law   also   demand   the   change   of   Public   Prosecutors.   Request   is   made   to   the   Court  to direct  such  change.  He has   pointed   out   to   this   Court   from   various   paragraphs   of   the   judgment   of   this   Court   rendered   in   the   said   Special   Criminal   Application   that   duty   of   the   Public   Prosecutor   as   highlighted by this Court shall have   to   be   borne   in   mind   and   continuing   the  earlier  team  will not serve  the   purpose. 

12.   Per   contra,   Learned   Special   Public   Prosecutor,Mr.   R.C.   Kodekar,   made his strenuous submissions urging   inter alia that the matter is pending   before the Apex Court and since it is   scheduled  for hearing on 10.08.2017,   all   aspects   shall   be   considered   by   the   Apex   Court.   He   agreed   that   the   sessions cases are being conducted by   the CBI Court on day­to­day basis and   it   is   awaiting   the   outcome   of   this   matter   which   is   pending   before   this   Court. He also does not dispute that   that   the   CBI   Court  has  declared  its   intention,   as   discretion   has   been   granted   to   it,   to   proceed   and   continue with the trial for which, it   has   called   the   IO   to   decide   the   modalities of affording protection to  the witnesses. 

12.1   It   is   categorically   stated   by   the learned Special Public Prosecutor   on   instructions   that   CBI   is   not   desirous   of   challenging   the   judgment   and   order   passed   by   this   Court   in   Special Criminal Application No. 2135   of   2017.   He,   further,   urged   that   Special   Public   Prosecutor,   Mr.   Page 10 of 27 HC-NIC Page 10 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER Gaurang Vyas, has also not acquiesced   to   recuse   himself   but,   in   writing,   has   shown   his   desire   and   requested   the   CBI   Court   that   till   this   Court   decides   issue   of   public   prosecutor   and   the   Apex   Court   decides   Special   Leave   Petitions,   it   may   wait   rather   than proceeding  with the trials.  He,   further,   has   urged   that   Mr.   Parmar,   who   is   the   senior   most   Public   Prosecutor of CBI at Ahmedabad is not   willing   to   conduct   Sessions   Cases   pending   before   the   learned   Special   Judge,   CBI   Court   on   account   of   his   busy schedule and being overburdened.   He pointed out that there are couple   of   Public   Prosecutors,   who   are   selected through UPSC and are on the   pay­roll   of   the   CBI.   He   has   also   given the names of some of the Public   Prosecutors,   who   are   based   in   Gujarat.   So   far   as   Special   Public   Prosecutors   are   concerned,   he   urged   that   there   is   a   procedure   for   appointing Special Public Prosecutors   by   CBI.   At   present,   there   are   three   Special Public Prosecutors and out of   them,   Mr.   A.A.   Shaikh,   has   already   gone for pilgrimage and is not likely   to   return   before   September,   2017.   Learned   Special   Public   Prosecutor,   Mr.   Gaurang   Vyas,   who   has   conducted   the matters before the CBI Court has   also   tendered   an   application   before   the CBI Court as mentioned above. So  far as the names proposed by learned   advocate   Mr.Gohil   during   the   course   of   hearing,   he   had   no   occasion   to   deliberate over the same. 

13.   In   rejoinder,   learned   Advocate,   Mr. Gohil, has vehemently urged that   there  are  only  two petitions  before   the   Apex   Court,   by   two   accused,   namely   Mr.   Bahadur   Sinh   Dhirubhai   Page 11 of 27 HC-NIC Page 11 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER Vadher and Mr.Dinu Boghabhai Solanki   and both of them have made a prayer   of granting  Special  Leave  to Appeal   against   the   impugned   final   judgment   and order dated 29/06/2017 passed in   Special   Criminal   Application   No.   2135   of   2017.   It   is,   further,   his   say   that   the   role   of   the   Special   Public   Prosecutor   and   the   Public   Prosecutor of the CBI has come under   a   scanner,   in   view   of   certain   observations   made   by   this   Court,   however,   there   is   no   allegation   of   integrity   or   their   conniving   with   the   accused,   but,   their   inactions   has led to aggravating the situation   and   therefore,   the   present   application   with   a   request   not   to   allow   them   to   continue   with   these   matters. 

There are a few judgments pressed into   service   urging   inter   alia   that   this   Court   has   ample   powers   to   appoint   Special   Public   Prosecutors   for   conducting   the   fair   trial   and   for   ensuring that the public purpose with   which   they   have   been   entrusted   the   responsibility   can   be   served   effectively   .   It   is   also   a   further   request,   that   they   being   holder   of   public office, their engagement is not   purely   professional,   as   is   between   a   client   and   a   lawyer   and   there   is   public element attached to it.

15.   This   Court   notices,   on   hearing   both   the   sides   and   also   on   realizing   that   there   are   two   petitions   pending   before   the   Apex   Court   moved   by   the   accused, challenging the very retrial,   by   way   of   an   interim   order,   the   Apex   Court   has   permitted   the   parties   to  make   a   request   to   the   trial   Court   concerned for adjournment and thereby,   Page 12 of 27 HC-NIC Page 12 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER the   discretion   is   left   to   the   trial   Court   to   take   its   own   call   on   that.   The   matter   was   once   again   listed   for   hearing   on   26/07/2017   and   now,   the   matter is posted before the Apex Court   for hearing on 10/08/2017. 

16.   Learned   Special   Public   Prosecutor, appearing for the CBI has   declared,   on   instructions,   that   CBI   has so far not preferred nor does it   have   any   intention   to   prefer   any   Special   Leave   Petition   challenging   the   final   judgment   and   order   dated   29/06/2017   rendered   in   Special   Criminal   Application   No.2135   of   2017   of   this   Court.   In   that   view   of   the   matter,   there   are   only   two   matters   left,   as   referred   to   hereinabove,   challenging   the   judgment   and   order   dated 29/06/2017. 

17. There is no other matter pending   before the Apex Court and hence, the   request on the part of the applicant,   at   this   stage,   is   being   considered,   particularly,   in   wake   of   the   fact   that   before   the   trial   Court   matters   are to proceed on day to day basis.

 

17.1   The   Public   Prosecutor   does   not   represent   any   party   and   has   duty   to   serve   public   purpose.   Independence   being   hallmark   of   this   post,   administration   of   justice   would   warrant   change   of   these officers . 

17.2   The   role   of   public   prosecutor   as   observed   and   held   by   the   Apex   Court   in   case   of   Centre   for   Public   Interest   Litigation   and   others   Vs.   Union   of India reported in (2012) 3 SCC   117   deserve   reproduction   at   this   Page 13 of 27 HC-NIC Page 13 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER stage. 

22.   Reference   in   this   connection   may   be made to the decision of this Court   in   Shrilekha   Vidyarathi   v.   State   of   U.P.   wherein   the   following   observations have been made: 

14.   &   [The]   function   of   the   Public   Prosecutor relates to a public purpose   entrusting him with the responsibility   of so acting  only  in the interest  of   administration of justice. In the case   of Public Prosecutors, this additional   public  element  flowing  from  statutory   provisions   in   CrPC,   undoubtedly,   invest the Public Prosecutors with the   attribute of holder of a public office   which   cannot   be   whittled   down   by   the   assertion   that   their   engagement   is   purely   professional   between   a   client   and his lawyer with no public element   attaching to it. 

23.the role  of a Public  Prosecutor   in   a  criminal  justice   system   has   been   very   aptly   put   in   the   following   words:   [Christmus   Himphreys:   1955   Criminal   Law   Review (pp. 740­41)]* The Prosecutor  has a duty to the   State,  to the accused  and to the   court.   The   Prosecutor   is   at   all   times   a   minister   of   justice,   though seldom so described. It is  not   the   duty   of   the   prosecuting   counsel   to   secure   a   conviction,   nor   should   any   prosecutor   even   feel pride or satisfaction in the   mere fact of success. 

24. A Public Prosecutor is really   a minister of justice and his job   is   none  other  than   assisting   the   State   in   the   administration   of  Page 14 of 27 HC-NIC Page 14 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER justice   and   in   fact   he   is   not   a   representative of any party. (See   Babu v. State of Kerala) The same   view   has   also   been   expressed   in   R.   v.   Banks   where   in   has   been   said   that   the   Public   Prosecutor:  

(Cr App Rep p. 76)  &.   throughout   a   case   ought   not   to   struggle   for   the   verdict   against   a  prisoner   but   &.   ought   to   bear   themselves rather in the character of   minister   of   justice   assisting   in   the   administration of justice. 

25.This   Court   has   also   expressed   the   same   opinion   in   Manu   Sharma   v.   State   (NCT   of   Delhi),   where   this   Court   held   that   a   Public   Prosecutor   must   observe   a   wider   set   of   duties   than   to   merely   ensure   that   the   accused   is   punished.   His   job   is   to   ensure   fair   play   in   all   proceedings.   (Paras   185­88.)   In   the   Constitution   Bench   decision   of   this   Court   in   Sheonandan   Paswan   v.   State   of   Bihar,   this   Court   held   that   a  Public   Prosecutor  is   not   a   representative   of   any   ordinary   party   to   a   controversy   but   of   the   sovereignty   whose   obligation   to   govern   impartially   is   as   compelling   as   its   obligation to govern at all.

26.Therefore,   there   is   a   public   element in such an appointment.

 

27.In   the   appointment   of   Public   Prosecutor,   the   principle   of   master­servant   does   not   apply.   Such   an   appointment   is   not   an   appointment to a civil post. 17.3 The Apex Court in case of K.   Anbazhagan Vs. State of Karnataka   Page 15 of 27 HC-NIC Page 15 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER and   others   reported   in   (2015)   6   SCC P. 86 has held thus: 

69.   Section   2(u)   of   the   Code   defines   Public  Prosecutor.30   In  terms   of   the   definition   any   person appointed under Section 24   of   the   Code   is   a   Public   Prosecutor.   A   Special   Public   Prosecutor   appointed   under   Section   24(8)   of   the   Code   is   naturally   also   a   Public   Prosecutor. 
70.   Section   24   of   the   Code   is   a   part   of  Chapter   II   thereof   which   concerns   the   constitution   of   criminal   courts   and   offices.  

Three   Sections   in   this   chapter   relate   to   Public   Prosecutors,   namely,   Section   24,   Section   25  and Section 25­A. 

71.   Section   24(1)   of   the   Code   provides for the appointment of a   Public   Prosecutor   for   a   High   Court. The authority to appoint a   Public   Prosecutor   for   a   High   Court   is   vested   both   in   the   Central   Government   and   a   State   Government.   The   two   requirements   for   the   appointment   of   a   Public   Prosecutor for the High Court are   that   it   shall   be   made   after   consultation   with   the   High   Court   and   the   person   so   appointed   shall,   in   terms   of   Section   24(7)   of   the   Code,   have   been   in   practice   as   an   advocate   for   not   less   than   seven   years.   The   jurisdiction or area of operation   of   a   Public   Prosecutor   appointed   for the High Court is limited  to   the   High   Court   and   it   is   not   possible   for   a   Public   Prosecutor   Page 16 of 27 HC-NIC Page 16 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER appointed   for   the   High   Court   to   claim  that he or she is entitled   to   appear   in   the   District   Court   or   any   other   court   by   virtue   of   his or her appointment. A similar   power  of   appointment   of  a  Public   Prosecutor   for   every   district   is   given  to   the   State   Government  by   Section   24(3)   of   the   Code.   There   is   a   similar   limitation   of   jurisdiction or area of operation   of   a   Public   Prosecutor   appointed   under   Section   24(3)   of   the   Code   to   the   district   for   which   he   or   she   is   appointed.   A   Public   Prosecutor   appointed   for   a  particular   district   cannot   claim   any   authorization   to   appear  as   a  Public   Prosecutor   in   any   other   district  or in the High Court  of   the   State   in   which   that   district   is   located.   In   other   words,   Section   24(1)   and   Section   24(3)   of   the   Code   limit   the   jurisdiction   or   the   area   of   operation or the authority or the   orbit of the Public Prosecutor to  the   High   Court   [Section  24(1)  of   the   Code]   or   the   district   [Section 24(3) of the Code].

This   Court   is   conscious   of   the   fact   that the appointment of Special Public   Prosecutor   is   to   be   made   by   the   Central   Government   or   the   State   Government,   as   the   case   may   be.   Ordinarily,   this   Court   need   not   interfere in such appointments. Except   for   the   larger   public   purpose   and   cause,   such   appointments   are   to   be   left   to   the   concerned   authorities   as   provided   under   the   law.   However,   the   circumstances which have emerged would   on imminent basis warrant issuance of   direction for the officer on the roll   Page 17 of 27 HC-NIC Page 17 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER of   the   CBI   and   based   at   Ahmedabad   (Gujarat)   to   replace   the   officer   who   conducted   the   matter   earlier   based   essentially at Delhi.

Chronology of events detailed   by   this   Court   which   culminated   into   direction   of  retrial   due   to   majority   of   witnesses   turning   hostile   to   the   case   of   prosecution,   in   the   opinion   of   this   Court,   would  demand  such  change  for   the   cause   of   administration   of   justice   and   to   serve   larger   public   purpose.  

Admittedly,   there   are   no   allegations   of   either   questioning their credentials   or   of   connivance   but,   what   weighs   with   the   Court   essentially   is   of   necessity   to have a fresh approach and   open   mind   and   confidence   of   witnesses   in   the   office   of   public   prosecutor,   more   particularly,   in   wake   of   various   observations   made   while directing retrial.

 

17.5. This order at this stage,   even   prior   to   10th  August,   2017   in   the   present   application   is   necessary   in   view   of   the   permission   granted   to   the  trial   Court   by   the   Apex   Court   to  exercise   discretion   on   the   aspect   of   conducting   the   trial   and   as   conveyed   to   this   Court,   the   trial   Court   has   fixed   the   matter   on   day­to­day   basis.   It   is   necessary,   of   course,   to   ensure   the   grant   of   protection   to   the   witnesses,   where   again   the   role   of   the   public   Page 18 of 27 HC-NIC Page 18 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER prosecutor   will   be   extremely   important. 

18.   So   far   as   the   main   Public   Prosecutor,   learned   advocate   Mr.   Tiwari,   is   concerned,   he   is   on   the   pay­roll   of   the   CBI,   who   has   conducted   the   said   matters,   in   the   past,   with   learned   Special   Public   Prosecutor, Mr. Gaurang Vyas. He was   visiting from Delhi and is no longer   attending   to   the   said   matter.   This   Court,   therefore,   is   of   the   opinion   that in wake of the submissions made   by   the   learned   Special   Public   Prosecutor   Mr.   R.C.   Kodekar,   the   main   Special   Public   Prosecutor,   Shri.   Parmar   since   is   overburdened   with   both   the   judicial   as   well   as   the   administrative   work,   learned   Public   Prosecutor,   Mr.   Hari   Mohan,   who is based in the State of Gujarat   and appears for and on behalf of the   CBI,   shall   conduct   the   Sessions   trial as may be scheduled by the CBI   Court.

 

Considering   various   directions   issued   by   this   Court   in   Special   Criminal   Application No. 2135 of 2017 and also   in camera trial on day­to­day basis to   be   conducted   by   the   CBI   Court,   of   course,   subject   to   the   final   adjudication   of   the   issue   of   retrial   by the Hon'ble Apex Court, one person   may   find   such   a   task   herculean   in   nature.   Considering   the   stupendous   work   of   retrial,   which   includes   examination   of   about   195   witnesses,   the   same   shall   have   to   be   done   as   a   team   work.   Even   otherwise,   in   the   past,   two   of   the   Public   Prosecutors,   out of which, one was selected through   the UPSC and another one appointed by   the   CBI   as   the   Special   Public   Page 19 of 27 HC-NIC Page 19 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER Prosecutor conducted this matter.

19.1   Learned   Special   Public   Prosecutor   appearing   for   CBI,   Mr.Gaurang   Vyas   as   submitted   to   this   Court   has   declared   that   since   the   present   application   is   pending   before   this   Court   and   Criminal Appeal is pending before   this   Court,   unless   the   final   decision   is   taken   he   has   no   intention   to   proceed   with   CBI   Sessions   Case   No.   1,   2   &   3   of   2014.

20.   The   names   of   some   of   the   advocates   practicing   before   the   CBI   Court have been given, who are not on   the   pay­roll   of   the   CBI,   but,   are   otherwise   seasoned   advocates,   during   the   course   of   hearing.   Before   those   names   could   be   considered   and   this   Court   decides   on   the   plea   of  appointment   of   special   public   prosecutor   learned   Special   Public   Prosecutor   Mr.Kodekar   since,   had   no   occasion   of   even   considering   those   names   or   communicating   them   to   the   said   investigating   agency,   further   hearing of this matter is being fixed   on 11/08/2017.

21.  In the  meantime,  so  as to ensure   that   there   is   no   hampering   of   the   trial, which is being conducted by CBI   Court   of   all   the   three   cases,   it   is   being   directed   that   learned   Public   Prosecutor,   Mr.   Hari   Mohan,   who   is   selected through UPSC and is presently   discharging   his   duties   as   Public   Prosecutor   for   and   on   behalf   of   the   CBI   at   CBI   Court   at   Ahmedabad   shall   conduct all the three matters pending   before the Court.




                                  Page 20 of 27

HC-NIC                          Page 20 of 27     Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017
               R/SCR.A/5476/2017                                            ORDER



22.  This   order   shall   be   communicated   by   the   learned   Special   Public   Prosecutor,   Mr.   Kodekar,   to   his   counterpart   at   CBI   Court.   A   copy   of   this   order   shall   be  made   available   to   him   for   its   onward   communication   and   due compliance. 

23. S.O. to 11TH AUGUST, 2017." 

5. Thereafter,   on   11th  August,   2017,   learned  advocate, Mr.Gohil appearing for the petitioner­ victim had intimated to this Court that the Apex  Court had granted stay against the proceedings of  the trial keeping the issue of retrial open for  adjudication. 

6. Due   to   the   change   of   Roster,   the   matter   was  placed before the Coordinate Bench (Coram:Hon'ble  Mr.Justice   J.B.Pardiwala).   On   03.11.2017,   the  following order came to be passed:

I   take   notice   of   the   fact   that   this   matter   has   been   heard   substantially   by   Her   Ladyship   Justice   Sonia   Gokani.   I   also   take   notice   of   the   fact   that   various   orders   have   been   passed   by   Her   Ladyship   time   to   time,   more   particularly, the exhaustive order dated   4th August, 2017. 
The   learned   counsel   appearing   for   the   writ applicant narrated the sequence of   events that took place during the course   of the hearing of this matter before the   Page 21 of 27 HC-NIC Page 21 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER Co­ordinate Bench. This is sought to be   disputed   by   Mr.   Kodekar,   the   learned   standing counsel appearing for the CBI. 
In   such   circumstances,   it   would   be   appropriate   and   in   the   interest   of   justice   if   this   matter   is   once   again   placed before Her Ladyship Justice Sonia   Gokani. 
The   Registry,   before   doing   so,   shall   obtain a formal order from His Lordship   the Honble the Chief Justice.

7. Matter   has   been   placed   before   this   Court   after  seeking   directions   from   the   Hon'ble   the   Chief  Justice today.

8. Learned   advocate   Mr.Gohil   appearing   for   the  petitioner has urged that all the three Sessions  Cases   have   now   been   scheduled   on   17th  November,  2017,   before   the   CBI   Court   and   as   per   the  direction of the Apex Court, the bail of the main  accused   Mr.Dinubhai   Boghabhai   Solanki   has   been  cancelled till completion of examination of eight  eye witnesses by the CBI Court. He has also been  directed not to enter the revenue limits of State  of Gujarat till completion of recordance of all  26   witnesses.   He   has   further   urged   that   this  Court on 04.08.2017, had  directed at the request  Page 22 of 27 HC-NIC Page 22 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER of   the   learned   Special  Public   Prosecutor   to  decide   from     amongst   the   names   of   advocates  practicing   before   the   CBI   Court   and   by   now   the  CBI   ought   to   have   considered   those   names   and  determined   the   names   of   Special   Public  Prosecutors, who are to conduct the trial along  with those learned public prosecutors, who are on  the pay­roll of the CBI. He has taken this Court  through some of the findings and observations of  the   Coordinate   Bench   in   Special   Criminal  Application   No.2135   of   2017,   particularly   at  paragraphs   44,   58,   60,   73   and   88.   He   has   also  further urged that for day­to­day trial, as has  been directed by the Apex Court for the same to  be   a   fair   trial   in   literal   sense   of   term   the  appointment   of   Special   Public   Prosecutor   at   the  earliest would be a must. 

8.1 He   has   also   drawn   the   attention   of   this  Court   to   the   affidavit   filed   by   the   CBI   in  Criminal   Misc.   Petition   No.14006   of   2015   in  Criminal   Misc.   Petition   No.23723   of   2015   in  Criminal Appeal No.492 of 2014, where the offices  of the CBI in counter­affidavit filed for and on  Page 23 of 27 HC-NIC Page 23 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER behalf   of   the   CBI   had   lamented   the  fact   of  witnesses   turning   hostile   and   the   request   for  availing security to the witnesses had fallen  to  deaf ears.

9. Mr.Kshitij Amin, learned advocate, appearing for  Mr.R.C.Kodekar,   learned   Special   Public  Prosecutor, (who is not present due to his  leave  note), has urged that the names of Special Public  Prosecutors   shall   be   decided   and   determined   by  the Central Office of the CBI, Delhi. He made a  request   to   adjourn   this   matter   for   the   CBI   to  take a call and decide it within a short period  of three days. He has further urged that the CBI  is conscious of the directions issued by the Apex  Court   that   the   matter   is   to   start   from   17th  November, 2017 for recording evidence and it has  made all possible endeavours to ensure the safety  and security of the witnesses. 

10. Upon   hearing   the   learned   advocates   on   both   the  sides, before this Court dwells upon the request  of the petitioner and decides on the appointment  of   the   Special   Public   Prosecutor,   it   is   apt   to  Page 24 of 27 HC-NIC Page 24 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER mention that the Apex Court in no unclear terms  has   expedited   the   trial   and   issued   categorical  directions to trial Court. The requirement of the  fair trial was eloquently experienced by the Apex  Court   who   found   105   witnesses   out   of   195  witnesses   having   turned   hostile.   No   need   nor  efforts   to   go   into   the   reason   for   such   debacle  was also found necessary such glaring facts had  compelled  the   Apex  Court  to  take  a  view  in  the  interest   of   fair   trial   to   examine   the   crucial  witnesses again. The Court accepted a list of 26  witnesses   furnished   by   Mr.Natkarni,   learned  Additional   Solicitor   General   appearing   for   the  CBI.   Thus,   these   26   witnesses   since   have   been  directed   to   be   examined   afresh   as   per   the   list  furnished   by   the   CBI   and   as   the   matter   is   now  scheduled on 17th November, 2017, to be conducted  on day to day basis as per the direction of the  Apex   Court,   the   request   of   adjournment   for   the  period of three days is also not finding favour  with   this   Court.   In   the   previous   order   of   this  Court, it had already indicated that as per the  past practice since one of the members of earlier  Page 25 of 27 HC-NIC Page 25 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER team   consisted   of   practicing   advocate,   there  would be a requirement of appointment of advocate  as Special Public Prosecutor over and above the  Public   prosecutors,   who   are   on   the   pay­roll   of  the CBI. And, the appointment of the advocate as  Special Public Prosecutor during the pendency of  this   petition   was   under   contemplation   as  indicated   to   this   Court   and   then   the   trial   had  been stayed by the Apex Court. 

11. According   to   Mr.Kshitij   Amin,   the   learned  advocate, there was no consideration on the issue  in the interregnum, however, the judgment of the  Hon'ble Apex Court in Criminal Appeal No.492 of  2014   and   other   allied   matters,   is   delivered   on  30.10.2017,   there   was   reasonable   time   left   with  the CBI to ponder over this subject. Considering  the   urgency,   it   shall   decide   the   names   and  disclose the names by tomorrow 02:30 p.m. 

12. This   matter   is   posted   for   further   hearing  tomorrow.   Bearing   in   mind   the   observations   and  directions issued by the Coordinate Bench and the  Apex Court in relation to the fair trial and the  Page 26 of 27 HC-NIC Page 26 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017 R/SCR.A/5476/2017 ORDER role   of   the   Special   Public   Prosecutor   who   has  huge   responsibilities   in   the   criminal   justice  system   to   ensure   achieving   object   of   efficient  assistance   to   the   Court   with   their   knowledge,  efficiency,   experience   and   integrity   names   be  finalized. It is expected that no adjudication in  this regard would be necessary. 

  A copy of this order be given to the learned  advocate   Mr.Amin   today   itself   for   onward  communication   and   necessary   execution   of   the  same. 

  Let the matter appear on November 16, 2017.

(MS SONIA GOKANI, J.) MIRZA Page 27 of 27 HC-NIC Page 27 of 27 Created On Thu Nov 16 23:55:46 IST 2017