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[Cites 7, Cited by 1]

Meghalaya High Court

Prof Lalit Kumar Jha vs North Eastern Hill University on 1 September, 2015

Author: T Nandakumar Singh

Bench: T Nandakumar Singh

                                 1




     THE HIGH COURT OF MEGHALAYA

                 WP(C) No. 174 of 2014


     Prof. Lalit Kumar Jha, S/o Shri Krishna Nand Jha,

     Departmental of Environmental Studies,

     North Eastern Hill University (NEHU),

     Shillong-793022, Meghalaya.

                                                       ...Petitioner

                 -VERSUS-

1.   North Eastern Hill University (NEHU),

     Represented by The Registrar,

     Shillong-793022 (Meghalaya).



2.   Chairman, Executive Council, Academic Council and Vice

     Chancellor, NEHU, Shillong-793022 (Meghalaya).



3.   Union of India represented by the Secretary,

     Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource

     Development (MHRD), Govt. of India,

     Shastri Bhawan, New Delhi-110118.



4.   The Chairman, University Grant Commission (UGC)

     Bahadurshah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.



5.   The Secretary to the Visitor I/C (Central Universities),

     0/o the President of India, Rashtrapati Bhavan,

     New Delhi-110004.



6.   Dr. Leena Srivastva (Visitor Nominee), Executive Director,

     TEERI, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road

     New Delhi-110003.
                                  2




7.    Professor L. S. Bhatt (Rtd.), (Member, Expert Committee,

      HAG, 2013, School of Human and Environmental Studies,

      NEHU), C-5/62, DDA Flats, East of Kailash, New

      Delhi-110065.



8.    Professor V. C. Srivastava, (Rtd.), Former Dean

      (Agriculture), (Member, Expert Committee HAG, 2013,

      School of Human and Environmental Studies, NEHU),

      H-80 (Riverside), Argora Housing Colony,

      Ranchi-834002 , (Jharkhand).



9.    Professor B. K. Medhi (Member, Expert Committee HAG,

      2013, School of Human and Environmental Studies, NEHU)

      Professor of Anthropology, Dept. of Anthropology, Gauhati

      University, Guwahati-781014 (Assam).



10.   Prof P. Shukla, Professor of Physics, Department of Physics

      (presently Acting Vice-Chancellor, NEHU), North Eastern

      Hill University, Shillong-793022 (Meghalaya).



11.   Professor A. N. Rai, Prof. of Biochemistry, Department of

      Biochemistry, NEHU ; (Former Vice-Chancellor, NEHU),

      Present address : Director, National Assessment and

      Accreditation Council, (NAAC), Nagarbhavi,

      Bangalore - 560072, Karnataka.



12.   Prof. P. Tandon, Professor of Botany, Department of

      Botany, North Eastern Hill University,

      Shillong-793022, (Meghalaya).



13.   Prof S. K. Mishra, Professor of Economics, Department of

      Economics, North Eastern Hill University,
                                    3




      Shillong-793022, (Meghalaya).



14.   Prof. A. C. Mohapatra, Professor of Geography,

      Department of Geography, North Eastern Hill University,

      Shillong-793022 (Meghalaya).



15.   Prof. P. N. Pandita, Professor of Physics, Department of

      Physics, North Eastern Hill University,

      Shillong-793022, (Meghalaya).

                                                   ....Respondents

AND WP(C). No.62/2013

1. Prof. Lalit Kumar Jha, S/o Shri Krishnanand Jha, Department of Environmental Studies, North Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong - 793 022, Meghalaya.

.... Petitioner

-Versus-

1. North Eastern Hill University (NEHU), represented by The Chairman, Executive Council & Vice-Chancellor, Shillong - 793 022 (Meghalaya).

2. Union of India represented by The Secretary, Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India, Shastri Bhawan, New Delhi - 110118. 4

3. The Chairman, University Grant Commission (UGC) Bahadurshah Zafar Marg, New Delhi - 110002.

4. The Secretary I/c (Central Universities) Visitor, O/o the President of India, Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi - 110004.

5. The Visitor Nominee (Nominated by MHRD, GOI for Expert Committee constituted for HAG, 2013, School of Human and Environment Sciences, NEHU, Shillong) C/o The Secretary, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) Government of India, Shastri Bhavan, New Delhi -110004.

6. Professor L.S.Bhat (Rtd.) (Member, Expert Committee, HAG, 2013, School of Human and Environmental Studies, NEHU), C-5/62, DDA Flats, East of Kailash, New Delhi - 110065.

7. Professor V.C. Srivastava, Former Dean (Agriculture), (Member, Expert Committee HAG, 2013, School of Human and Environmental Studies, NEHU), H-80 (Riverside), Argora Housing Colony, Ranchi - 834002 (Jharkhand).

8. Professor R.K.Barua, (Member, Expert Committee HAG, 2013, School of Human and Environmental Studies, NEHU), Professor of Anthropology, Dept. of Anthropology, Gauhati University, Guwahati- 781014(Assam).

....Respondents 5

9. Dr. N.K.Sinha, Member Executive Council (Retd), NEHU, resident of Bortila, Borbari, Guwahati-781036, (Assam) ....Proforma Respondent (Respondent Nos: 10 to 16 have been impleaded vide order Dated 22/08/2013 passed by the Hon‟ble High Court)

10. Prof. A.N.Rai, Department of Biochemistry, NEHU, Ex-Vice-Chancellor, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong-793022/ presently, Director, National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) P.O. Box. No. 1075, Nagarbhavi, Bangalore - 560072.

11. Prof. Pramod Tandon, Dept. of Botany, NEHU, NEHU Campus, Shillong - 793022.

12. Prof. A.C.Mohapatra, Dept. of Geography, NEHU, NEHU Campus, Shillong - 793022.

13. Prof. S.K. Mishra, Dept. of Economics, NEHU, NEHU Campus, Shillong - 793022.

14. Prof. P.Shukla, Dept. of Physics, presently working as acting Vice Chancellor of NEHU, NEHU Campus, Shillong - 793022.

15. Prof. P. Pandita, Dept. of Physics, NEHU, NEHU Campus, Shillong - 793022.

16. Prof B.K.Medhi (Member, Expert Committee HAG, 2013, School of Human and Environmental Studies, NEHU) 6 Professor of Anthropology, Dept. of Anthropology, Gauhati University, Guwahati - 781014 (Assam).

....Respondents BEFORE THE HON'BLE MR JUSTICE T NANDAKUMAR SINGH For the petitioner : Mr. S.P.Sharma Adv.

Mr. B.K.Deb Roy, Adv For the respondents : Mr. K.Khan, Adv.

Mr. S.C.Shyam, Sr.Adv.

Mr. K.P.Bhattacharjee, Adv.

Mr. S.A.Shiekh, Adv.

Date of hearing         :     14-07-2015

Date of Judgment        :     01-09-2015




                   JUDGMENT AND ORDER



These two writ petitions filed by the same writ petitioner basing on the same fact for the same subject matter against the same respondents were jointly heard for being disposed of by a common judgment and order. In order to avoid repetition of facts, for convenience, the fact of the case leading to the filing of the WP(C) No. 174/2014 is briefly noted.

2. Heard Mr. S.P.Sharma, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner and also Mr. K.Khan, learned counsel appearing for the respondent-university. The relief sought for in WP(C) No. 174/2014 read as follows:

7

"That the instant Petition has been filed bonafide for the ends of justice.
In the premises and circumstances stated herein above, it is most humbly prayed that your Lordship would graciously be pleased to:-
i) Admit this Writ Petition;
ii) Call for the Records;
iii) Issue Rule calling upon the Respondents to Show cause or Causes as to why a writ in the nature of Mandamus or any other appropriate writ of the like nature be not issued quashing and setting aside 6(Six) Nos. of Promotions of the non-eligible Professors so far effected without following the provisions of law and prescribed procedure as laid down under the UGC Regulation 2010 pursuant to Executive Council meeting held on 17th December 2012 and on 28th March 2013;

AND

iv) After cause or causes being shown and after hearing the parties your Lordship would further be pleased to Quash and set aside all the promotion of six non eligible Professors from stage 5 to stage 6 (HAG) which were illegally approved vide E.C. Resolution dated 17th December 2012 and 28th March 2013 ;

v) Pass necessary further order promoting the Petitioner with effect from 31/12/2008 and restoring his seniority whose candidature had been fraudulently rejected to favour junior Professors viz.: Respondent No. 13, 14, &

15.

vi) Issue direction for payment of cost and compensation to the humble Petitioner for mental harassment and loss of prestige in the academic fraternity caused to the petitioner due to fraudulent act of Respondent No: 1 & Respondent No: 11 as due and as may be admissible, AND/OR Pass such other order or orders as may be deem fit and proper by this Hon'ble High Court and for which act of your kindness the Petitioner shall remain ever grateful." The relief sought for in WP(C) No. 62/2013 read as follows: 8

"That the instant Petition has been filed bonafide for the ends of justice.
In the premises and circumstances stated herein above, it is most humbly prayed that your lordship would graciously be pleased to:-
i) Admit this Writ Petition;
ii) Call for the Records;
iii) Issue Rule calling upon the Respondents to Show cause or Causes as to why a writ in the nature of Mandamus or any other appropriate writ of the like nature be not issued, staying all the Promotions of the Professors from Stage 5 to Stage 6 (HAG) initially which are due to be approved on 28th March 2013 and/or subsequently thereafter including the cases which are already approved vide E. C. Resolution No : EC. 153:
2012: 6: 1 dated 17th December 2012 (Annexure-Xl);
iv) Quash/set aside all the promotion of the Professors from stage 5 to stage 6 (HAG) which are already approved vide E. C. Resolution No: EC. 153 : 2012 : 6 :
1 dated 17th December 2012 (Annexure-) and due to be approved in the ensuing meeting of the Executive Council to be held on 28th March 2013;

v) Issue Directions for examination of the confirmation of the EC Resolution No: EC. 153: 2012: 6: 1 dated 17th December 2012(Annexure-);

vi) Issue directions to the Respondent No: 2, 3 & 4 for filing their affidavit along with their observations and report in the matter;

vii) Issue directions to the Respondent No: 2 & 3 for constitution of the Expert Committee for de-novo selection procedure for promotion for stage 5 to Stage 6 (HAG)

viii) Issue further directions for ensuring the fresh selection pursuant to the seniority List of the University and for removing other anomalies and protection of the interest of the Petitioner for promotion; and

ix) Issue the direction for payment of cost and compensation to the humble Petitioner and payment as due and as may be admissible;

9

AND/OR Pass such other order or orders as may be deem fit and proper by this Hon'ble High Court and for which act of your kindness the Petitioner shall remain ever grateful."

3. It is stated in WP(C) No. 174/2014 that the respondent No. 10 (Prof. of Physics) and respondent No. 11 (Prof. of Biochemistry) had been irregularly promoted to the professorship of HAG (Higher Academic Grade) without obtaining the required API (Academic Performance Indicator) Score in Category III (Self Assessment) in utter violation of UGC Regulation, 2010. The respondent Nos. 10, 11 and 12 were assessed by the experts of other subjects. The respondent No. 13 (Prof. of Economics, Department of Economics) who is one year, one month and twelve days junior to the writ petitioner had been promoted to the professorship of HAG without obtaining API score in Category III (Self Assessment), in flagrant violation of UGC Regulation 2010. Respondent No. 14 (Prof. in Department of Geography) who is one year, one month and twelve days junior to the writ petitioner had been promoted to the professorship of HAG in utter violation of the provisions of UGC Regulation 2010. It is also further alleged that the respondent No. 15 (Prof. of Physics) who is eight years, one month and twenty six days junior to the writ petitioner was promoted to the professorship of HAG in utter violation of the UGC Regulation 2010.

4. It is also the further case of the petitioner that a junior professor cannot supersede a senior professor who fulfills all the criteria of eligibility as per UGC Regulation 2010 while promoting 10 to the professorship of HAG (Stage-6) and Clause 6.4.10 states "....selection should be conducted by the university by receiving duly filled PBAS (Performance Based Appraisal System) proformas from eligible Professors based on seniority." The petitioner had joined as a Professor of Forestry in the Department of Forestry, School of Environment Sciences, NEHU on 8th August, 1990 at the then Mizoram Campus, NEHU, Aizawl and he was selected against the sanctioned post under open category as professor and his appointment was duly confirmed by the University. Subsequently, NEHU, Mizoram was granted status of a Central University and consequent upon exercise of option all the faculties who opted for Parent University were considered to be on deputation in Mizoram University till final posting in NEHU.

5. Petitioner was transferred from erstwhile NEHU, Mizoram Campus i.e. Mizoram University and temporarily attached to Department of Rural Development and Agril. Production (RDAP) School of Human Environment Sciences, NEHU and vide letter No.F.17.119/ESTT II/90-6524 dated 5th January, 2004 joined Department of RDAP, NEHU Tura on 23-01-2004. Subsequently, petitioner was temporarily attached to NEHU and was finally posted in Centre for Environment (Now Department of Environmental Studies) with effect from 27-02-2006 against a sanctioned post of Professor. The Executive Council transferred/reallocated one sanctioned post of Professor from other department of NEHU to post the petitioner in Department of Environmental Studies and was 4th senior most Professor before the introduction of HAG, where he was superseded by three juniors.

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6. On adoption of UGC Regulation 2010, the respondent No.1 (NEHU) issued a Notification No. F.5-1/Estt (B)/2011-224 dated 18th November, 2011 that UGC Regulation 2010 as adopted by NEHU states that "Ten percent of the Professors in the University, with a minimum of ten years of teaching and research experience as professor shall be eligible for promotion to the Higher Grade of Professorship (Stage-6), on satisfying the required API (Academic Performance Indicator) score as per Annexure I and II through the Performance Based Appraisal System (PBAS) methodology by a duly constituted Expert Committee and such teachers promoted to the higher grade shall continue to be designated as „Professor‟.

7. From the pleading of the petitioner, it is clear to the petitioner that for promotion to a higher grade of professor (Stage

6), the duly constituted Expert Committee has to assess the required API score of the professor through PBAS methodology and on the basis of the finding/opinion of the duly Expert Committee, the professors are to be promoted to the higher grade of professorship (Stage 6). The respondent No. 1 (University) vide letter No. F.5.1/Estt-II (B)/2011-2084 dated 23rd July, 2012 had circulated the vacancy/vacancies under HAG (Stage 6) in each School, of 9 vacancies in the University, interalia, one in the petitioner‟s School i.e. Humanities and Environment Sciences and two each in the School of Life Sciences and Physical Sciences, one in the Management and Information Sciences. A copy of the said letter dated 23rd July, 2012 is annexed as Annexure-V to the writ petitioner (i.e. WP(C) No. 174/2014). For convenience the said letter dated 23rd July, 2012 is quoted hereunder: 12

"North-Eastern Hill University NEHU Campus, Shillong - 793022 (Meghalaya) F.5-1/Estt-II (B)/2011-2084 Dated the 23rd July, 2012 To, All Heads of Academic Departments/ Centres of Studies, NEHU, Shillong/Tura Campus, Tura.
Madam/Sir, In continuation to the guidelines on Career Advancement Scheme forwarded vide letter of even No. 224 dated 18th November 2011, further procedure to be followed for promotion from stage 3 to 4, 4 to 5 and 5 to 6 may kindly be seen at Annexure - „A‟.
It may kindly be noted that the teachers who are eligible for promotion from stage 3 to 4, 4 to 5 and 5 to 6 may submit their application through the Dean of School/Head of the Department, as the case may be, within 10th August, 2012 to the undersigned. The teachers who have already submitted their application need not submit again.
This may kindly be brought to the notice of all concerned.
Yours faithfully Sd/-
(T.K. Singha) Deputy Registrar Estt-II Procedures/ Criteria to be followed for HAG
1. Distribution of HAG vacancies.
School Total number No. of post(s) No. of of Professor in earmarked for Professors can position HAG apply for HAG in order of seniority in the School Life Sciences 22 2 6 Humanities 12 1 3 Social Sciences 12 1 3 13 Human and 12 1 3 Environmental Sciences Physical 17 2 6 Sciences Education 9 1 3 Economics 9 1 3 Management & Information Sciences Technology 1 0 0
2. In order to verify that the applicant meets the minimum eligibility criteria for HAG, as per norms there shall be preliminary screening of applications. The applications shall be screened by a Committee (school wise) comprising of the following:
Life Sciences: 1. Prof. S.K. Mishra, Director, IQAC
2. Dean of School concerned NOTE: If the Dean is an applicant, a professor from the School (based on the seniority) who is not an applicant for HAG shall be the member.

Humanities: 1. Prof. S.K. Mishra, Director, IQAC

2. Dean of School concerned NOTE: If the Dean is an applicant, a Professor from the School (based on Seniority) who is not an applicant for HAG shall be the member.

Social Sciences: 1. Prof. S.K. Mishra, Director, IQAC

2. Dean of School concerned NOTE: If the Dean is an applicant, a Professor from the School (based on Seniority) who is not an applicant for HAG shall be the member.

Human and Environmental Sciences: 1. Prof. S.K. Mishra, Director, IQAC

2. Dean of School concerned NOTE: If the Dean is an applicant, a Professor from the School (based on 14 Seniority) who is not an applicant for HAG shall be the member.

Physical Sciences: 1. Prof. S.K. Mishra, Director, IQAC

2. Dean of School concerned NOTE: If the Dean is an applicant, a Professor from the School (based on Seniority) who is not an applicant for HAG shall be the member.

Education: 1. Prof. S.K. Mishra, Director, IQAC

2. Dean of School concerned NOTE: If the Dean is an applicant, a Professor from the School (based on Seniority) who is not an applicant for HAG shall be the member.

Economics Management & Information Sciences: 1. Prof. A.K. Mishra, Dean, Life Sciences, Chairman

2. Dean of School concerned NOTE: If the Dean is an applicant, a Professor from the School (based on Seniority) who is not an applicant for HAG shall be the member.

Technology: 1. Prof. S.K. Mishra, Director, IQAC

2. Dean of School concerned NOTE: If the Dean is an applicant, a Professor from the School (based on Seniority) who is not an applicant for HAG shall be the member.

3. The report of the Committee along with the application of the individuals shall be assessed by the Expert Committee to be constituted. On the recommendation of the Expert Committee and approval of the Executive Council, the concerned incumbent shall be extended the HAG."

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8. On bare perusal of the said letter dated 23rd July, 2012, it is clear that one Professorship of HAG (Stage 6) is allotted for the School i.e. Humanities and Environment Sciences where the petitioner is working as Professor (Forestry). The petitioner also admitted in the writ petition that the Forest Department of Environment Sciences, Department of Geography and Department of Anthropology come under the same School i.e. the Humanities and Environment Sciences. Therefore, the eligible Professors of the Department of Forestry, eligible Professors of the Department of Geography and the eligible Professors of the Department of Anthropology are to be considered for promotion to one professorship of HAG (Stage 6). As only one Professorship of HAG (Stage 6) is allotted to the School i.e. Humanities and Environment Sciences, the writ petitioner in para No. 11.1 of the writ petition categorically stated that the promotion from Professor (Stage 5) to HAG (Stage 6) should be on the basis of assessment and recommendation carried out by the Expert Committee. Therefore, it is a clear case of the writ petitioner that the promotion of the Professor (Stage 5) to HAG (Stage 6) should be on the basis of assessment and recommendation made by the Expert Committee. It would be more profitable to reproduce para 11.1 of the writ petition as under:

"11.1 That it needs to be mentioned here that as per provisions of the UGC Regulation, 2010, selection/promotion of teachers under CAS up to State V (professor) is conducted by Selection Committee whereas to promote a professor (Stage V) to State VI (HAG) assessment and recommendation would be carried by the Expert Committee. The Expert Committee constituted by the Respondent No.2 is required to examine candidature for 100%, out of which 50 percent has been allocated to all credentials (research 16 contribution etc) as stipulated in Tables II (a and
b) of Appendix III [Self assessment of API scores submitted by the candidate for entire assessment periods (minimum 10 years eligibility period.)] Subject to verification by the Expert Committee to finalise the API Scores obtained by an applicant in his/her Self Assessment and scores for rest 50 percent will be allocated by the Expert Committee on the basis of performance evaluation and other credentials by referral procedure as provided in clause 6.4.10 and Appendix III Table II (A) of U.G.C. Regulation 2010."

9. The petitioner made serious allegations in the writ petition that the respondent No.11 in the capacity as respondent No.2 in violation of the provisions of law as well as prescribed procedure in the UGC Regulation 2010, had appointed himself as Chairperson of the Expert Committee only to influence the other members of the Expert Committee and further he had also inducted respondent No.6 to assist him in his dubious intention of distortion of facts at the cost of justice colourable by supine immorality and thus successfully manipulated the whole procedure of the promotion under HAG. More so, when the respondent No.11 (the then Vice-Chancellor of the respondent No.1 NEHU) was himself an applicant for promotion to Stage 6 (HAG) under Carrier Advancement Scheme (CAS) in the same university although in another School, his appointment as Chairperson of the Expert Committee was found to be ill conceived and rested upon favouritism, which had led to miscarriage of justice so far as the petitioner is concerned. It would be pertinent to mention that in the present writ petition, the writ petitioner neither annexed the order for promoting the respondent No.11 to Professor (Stage 6) in another School, nor the petitioner has locus standi to challenge the 17 promotion of the Professor to Stage 6 in another School inasmuch as petitioner cannot contest the promotion of the Professor to Stage 6 in another School.

10. It is also stated in the writ petition that in the School of Life Sciences, all Professors (applicants) having required API scores in Category III (API Scored maximum: 1670, and minimum scored:

697) had been granted 100% out of 50 marks (Column 4) in Self Assessment API in Category III, where the respondent No.11 in the present case was also an applicant as Professor of Biochemistry for HAG and himself was the Vice-Chancellor of the respondent -

NEHU. Table - 1 is the extract of the Assessment Report given by the Expert Committee in the School of Life Sciences.

11. The provisions of the University Grants Commission (Minimum qualification for appointment of teachers and other academic Staff in the Universities and Colleges and other measures for maintenance of standards in higher Education) Regulations, 2010 which deal with the promotion of Professor from HAG (Stage

5) to HAG (Stage 6) are reproduced hereunder for easy reference:

"UGC REGULATIONS ON MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT OF TEACHERS AND OTHER ACADEMIC STAFF IN UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES AND MEASURES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF STANDARDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 2010.

6.0 .0 SELECTION PROCEDURES:

6.0.1. The overall selection procedure shall incorporate transparent, objective and credible methodology of analysis of the merits and credentials of the applicants based on weightages given to the performance of the candidate in different relevant dimensions and his/her 18 performance on a scoring system proforma, based on the Academic Performance Indicators (API) as provided in this Regulations in Tables I to IX of Appendix III.

In order to make the system more credible, universities may assess the ability for teaching and/or research aptitude through a seminar or lecture in a class room situation or discussion on the capacity to use latest technology in teaching and research at the interview stage. These procedures can be followed for both direct recruitment and CAS promotions wherever selection committees are prescribed in these Regulations. 6.0.2The Universities shall adopt these Regulations for selection committees and selection procedures through their respective statutory bodies incorporating the Academic Performance Indicator (API) based Performance Based Appraisal System (PBAS) at the institutional level for University Departments and their Constituent colleges /affiliated colleges (Government Government- aided/ Autonomous / Private Colleges) to be followed transparently in all the selection processes. An indicative PBAS template proforma for direct recruitment and for Career Advancement Schemes (CAS) based on API based PBAS shall also be sent separately by the UGC to the universities. The universities may adopt the template proforma or may devise their own self-assessment cum performance appraisal forms for teachers in strict adherence to the API criteria based PBAS prescribed in these Regulations.

* * * 6.0.5 (i) Besides the indexed publications documented by various discipline-specific databases, the University concerned shall 19 draw through committee(s) of subject experts and ISBN / ISSN experts: (a) a comprehensive list of National /Regional level journals of quality in the concerned subject (s); and (b) a comprehensive list of Indian language journals / periodicals / official publication volumes of language bodies and upload them on the University website which are to be updated periodically.

(ii) In respect of Indian language publications, equivalence in quality shall be prescribed for universities located in a State by a Co-ordination Committee of experts to be constituted by the Chancellor of the concerned State University.

(iii) At the time of assessing the quality of publications of the candidates during their appointments/promotions, the selection committees shall have to be provided with the above two lists which could be considered by the selection committees along with the other discipline- specific databases.

(iv) The UGC shall constitute a Committee as soon as practicable, in so far as acceptability of the (list of) Indian language journals so developed by Universities/ States, to arrive at equivalence in quality of such publications with otherwise accepted and recognized journals.

* * * 6.1.0 While the API:

(a) Tables I and III of Appendix III are applicable to the selection of Professors/ Associate Professors /Assistant Professors in universities and colleges;
(b) Tables IV, V and VI of Appendix III 20 are applicable to Directors/ Deputy Directors/ Assistant Directors of Physical Education and Sports; and
(c) Tables VII, VIII and IX of Appendix III are applicable to Librarians/ Deputy Librarians and Assistant Librarians for both direct recruitment as well as Career Advancement Promotions, the ratio / percentage of minimum requirement of category-wise API Score to each of the cadres shall vary from those for university teachers and for UG/PG College Teachers, as given in these Tables of Appendix-III.
* * * 6.3.1 A teacher who wishes to be considered for promotion under CAS may submit in writing to the university/college, with three months in advance of the due date, that he/she fulfils all qualifications under CAS and submit to the university/college the Performance Based Appraisal System proforma as evolved by the concerned university duly supported by all credentials as per the API guidelines set out in these Regulations. In order to avoid delays in holding Selection Committees meetings in various positions under CAS, the University/College should immediately initiate the process of screening/selection, and shall complete the process within six months from the date of application.

Further, in order to avoid any hardships, candidates who fulfill all other criteria mentioned in these Regulations, as on 31 December, 2008 and till the date on which this Regulation is notified, can be considered for promotion from the date, on or after 31 December, 2008, on which they fulfill these eligibility conditions, provided as mentioned above.

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6.3.2 Candidates who do not fulfill the minimum score requirement under the API Scoring System proposed in the Regulations as per Tables II (a and b) of Appendix III or those who obtain less than 50% in the expert assessment of the selection process will have to be re-assessed only after a minimum period of one year. The date of promotion shall be the date on which he/she has successfully got re-assessed.

* * * 6.4.10 Ten percent of the positions of Professors in a university, with a minimum of ten years of teaching and research experience as professor either in the pre- revised scale of Professor‟s pay or the revised scale pay will be eligible for promotion to the higher grade of Professorship (stage 6), on satisfying the required API score as per Tables I and II through the PBAS methodology stipulated in these Regulations through a duly constituted Expert committee, and such teachers promoted to the higher grade shall continue to be designated as „Professor‟. As this AGP elevation for Professor is applicable to only university departments, additional credentials are to be evidenced by:

(a) post-doctoral research outputs of high standard;
(b) awards / honours /and recognitions;
(c) Additional research degrees like D.Sc., D.Litt., LlD, etc.; patents and IPR on products and processes developed / technology transfer achieved in the case of teachers in science and technology.

The selection is to be conducted by the university by receiving duly filled PBAS proformas from eligible professors based on seniority, three times in number of the 22 available vacancies in each faculty. In case the number of candidates available is less than three times the number of vacancies, the zone of consideration will be limited to the actual number of candidates available. The assessment process shall be through an Expert-Committee evaluation of all credentials submitted as stipulated in Table-II (A) of Appendix-III for teachers in University departments. No separate interview need to be conducted for this category.

* * * 6.8.0. The Schedule annexed to these Regulations outlines the Pay scales, Designations and stages of promotions under CAS of incumbent and newly appointed teachers and equivalent positions in the Library and Physical Education and Sports cadres in Central Universities and colleges thereunder and Institutions deemed to be Universities whose maintenance expenditure is met by the UGC."

"APPENDIX - III TABLE - II (A) MINIMUM APIS AS PROVIDED IN APPENDIX - III TABLE I TO BE APPLIED FOR THE PROMOTION OF TEACHERS UNDER CAREER ADVANCEMENT SCHEME (CAS) IN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS, AND WEIGHTAGES FOR EXPERT ASSESSMENT Assistant Assistant Assistant Associate Professor Professor/ Professor/ Professor Professor (Stage (Stage 5) equivalent equivalent (Stage 3) to 4) to Professor/ to cadres: cadres: Associate equivalent cadres Professor (Stage 1 to (Stage 2 to Professor/ (Stage 5) (Stage 6) Stage 2) Stage 3) equivalent cadres (Stage
4) I * * * * * 23 II * * * * * * * * * * III * * * * * IV Expert Screening Screening Selection Assessment Committee Selection Committee Expert Committee Committee Committee System Percentage 30% -
V                                                                      50% -                 50%-
      Distribution                                   Contribution to
                     No separate     No separate                       Contribution to       research.
      of                                             Research.
                     points.         points.                           Research..
      Weightage
      Points in      Screening       Screening       50% -
                     committee to    committee to                      30 % - Assessment     50%-
      the Expert                                     Assessment of
                     verify API      verify API                        of domain             Performance
      Assessment                                     domain
                     scores          scores                            knowledge and         evaluation
      (Total                                         knowledge and
                                                                       teaching practices.   and      other
      weightage                                      teaching
      = 100.                                         practices.                              credential by
      Minimum                                                                                referral
                                                                       20 % -                procedure
      required for                                   20 % -
                                                                       Interview
      promotion                                      Interview
                                                                       performance
      is 50)                                         performance




               * Teachers     may score 10 points from either Category I or
Category II to achieve the minimum score required under Category I + II.

Note: For universities for which Sixth PRC Awards (vide Appendix 2) are applicable, Stages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 correspond to scales with AGP of Rs. 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000 and 12000 respectively."

"APPENDIX - III TABLE - II (B) MINIMUM POINT NORMS OF THE APIS AS PROVIDED IN TABLE I AND WEIGHTAGES FOR EXPERT ASSESSMENT TO BE APPLIED FOR THE PROMOTION OF TEACHERS, IN COLLEGES (UG AND PG) UNDER CAREER ADVANCEMENT SCHEME (CAS) 24 Assistant Assistant Assistant Associate Professor to Professor/ Professor/ Professor Professor Promotion in equivalent equivalent (Stage 3) to Colleges (Stage 5) as per cadres cadres: Associate assigned posts Stage 1 to Stage 2 to Professor/ Stage 2: Stage 3 equivalent cadre (Stage 4) I * * * * II * * * * III * * * * IV * * * * Expert Selection Selection Committee Screening Assessment Screening Committee Committee System Committee No separate No separate Percentage 20% - 30% - Contribution to V points. points.
Distribution Contribution Research.
                      Screening      Screening
      of Weightage                                     to Research.
                      committee to   committee to
      Points in the                                                       50% - Assessment of
                      verify API     verify API
      Expert                                           60% -              domain knowledge
                      scores         scores
      Assessment                                       Assessment of      and teaching
      (Total                                           domain             practices.
      weightage                                        knowledge and
      =100.                                            teaching           20 % - Interview
      Minimum                                          practices.         performance
      required for
      promotion is                                     20 % - Interview
      50)                                              performance




* Teachers may score 10 points from either Category I or Category II to achieve the minimum score required under Category I + II.
Note: For universities for which Sixth PRC Awards (vide Appendix 2) are applicable, Stages 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 correspond to scales with AGP of Rs. 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000 and 10000 respectively."
25
"APPENDIX-III - TABLE: III MINIMUM ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROMOTION OF TEACHERS IN UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES S. Promotion of Service requirement Minimum Academic No. Teachers through Performance Requirements CAS and Screening/Selection Criteria 1 * * *
2.
      *                    *                          *
3.                                                     *
      *                    *


4.
      *                    *                          *




5.    Professor (Stage     Professor with ten      (i) Minimum yearly /cumulative API
      5) to Professor      years of completed      scores for the assessment period as
      (Stage 6) .          service (universities   per the norms provided in Table II
                           only)                   (A) of Appendix III.

(ii) Additional credentials are to be evidenced by: (a) post- doctoral research outputs of high standard;
(b) awards/ honours/ recognitions/ patents and IPR on products and processes developed/ technology transfer achieved; and
(c) Additional research degrees like D.Sc., D.Litt., LL.B., etc.,
(iii) A review process by an Expert Committee as stipulated in this regulation and in Tables II (A) and II
(b) of Appendix III.

* For teachers seeking promotion under CAS to Associate Professor, for those who on the date of this notification are Assistant Professors in Stage 2, the requirement of publications may be adjusted pro rata. For all others who enter Stage 2, subsequent to this notification, the requirement of three publications, as defined in these regulations, will be applicable.

26

Note: For universities/colleges for which Sixth PRC Awards (vide Appendix 2) are applicable, Stages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 correspond to scales with AGP of Rs. 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000 and 12000 respectively."

12. In the present writ petition, the petitioner is questioning the assessment of the Expert Committee for not recommending him for promotion to the said one Professorship of HAG (Stage 6) in the School of Humanities and Environment Sciences. The petitioner claims that he should have obtained more API‟s Score than that of the respondent No.14 (Professor of Geography) and evaluation made by the Expert Committee was not legal and proper. Admittedly, the Department of Geography comes under School of the petitioner viz., Humanities and Environment Sciences where there is only one Professorship of HAG (Stage-6). Para 22.5 of the writ petition read as follows:

"22.5 That the humble petitioner begs to state that the Respondent No.14 Professor of Geography, had completed 17 years, 5 months & 19 days service as professor as on 31/12/2008 and obtained 1323.5 API scores in category III. He should have been obtained minimum 873.5 API scores in self Assessment to qualify for promotion (50 per year). Respondent has obtained excess API in category III but his evaluation was not legal and proper as the same was done by the Expert of Environmental Studies and Anthropology (member Expert Committee HAG)."

13. In the present writ petition, the petitioner is also challenging the promotion of all Professors of other Schools i.e. respondent No. 10, respondent No. 11, respondent No. 13 and respondent No.15 to the HAG (Stage 6) of other Schools. The petitioner did not annex 27 the copies of the orders for promotion of those Professors of the different Schools to Professor HAG (Stage 6). It appears that the petitioner is filing this writ petition in the form of a PIL but in disguise of a writ petition ventilating his personal grievances in promoting those Professors of different Schools to Professor HAG (Stage 6) inasmuch as he is quite humiliated in denying his promotion to Professor HAG (Stage 6).

The Apex Court in Surinder Singh vrs Central Government and Ors: (1986) 4 SCC 667 held that "normally whenever an order of the Government or some authority is impugned before the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution, the copy of the order must be produced before it. In the absence of the impugned order, it would not be possible to ascertain the reason which may have impelled the authority to pass the order. It is therefore improper to quash an order which is not produced before the High Court in a proceeding under Article 226 of the Constitution. Para 9 of the SCC in Surinder Singh's case (Supra) read as follows:

"9. ..........................The subsequent order of Shri Rajni Kant was challenged by the respondents and the High Court has quashed that order, although that order was not before the High Court as none of the parties filed the same. The respondents who had challenged the order of Shri Rajni Kant should have filed a copy of the order. In the absence of the order under challenge the High Court could not quash the same. Normally whenever an order of Government or some authority is impugned before the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution, the copy of the order must be produced before it. In the absence of the impugned order it would not be 28 possible to ascertain the reasons which may have impelled the authority to pass the order. It is therefore improper to quash an order which is not produced before the High Court in a proceeding under Article 226 of the Constitution. The order of the High Court could be set aside for this reason, but we think it necessary to consider the merits also."

14. The Apex Court in R.K.Jain vrs Union of India and Ors:

(1993) 4 SCC 119 held that only in a proceeding initiated by an aggrieved person it may be open to consider. The writ petition is also not a writ of quo warranto. In the service jurisprudence it is settled law that it is for the aggrieved persons i.e. non-appointee to assail the legality of the offending action. Third party has no locus standi to canvass the legality or correctness of the action. In the present case, the petitioner cannot be the aggrieved person in the promotion of other Professors of other Schools to Professor HAG (Stage 6) inasmuch as he has no locus standi to canvass the legality or correctness of the promotion of the said Professors of other Schools inasmuch as the petitioner does not belong to the said Schools and his case cannot be considered for promotion to the Professor HAG (Stage 6) of those Schools. Para 74 of the SCC in R.K.Jain's case (Supra) read as follows:
"74. Sri Harish Chander, admittedly was the Sr. Vice President at the relevant time. The contention of Sri Thakur of the need to evaluate the comparative merits of Mr. Harish Chander and Mr. Kalyansundaram a senior most Member for appointment as President would not be gone into in a public interest litigation. Only in a proceedings initiated by an aggrieved person it may be open to be considered. This writ petition is also not a writ of quo-warranto. In service jurisprudence it is settled law that it is for the aggrieved person i.e. non-appointee to assail the 29 legality of the offending action. Third party has no locus standi to canvass the legality or correctness of the action. Only public law declaration would be made at the behest of the petitioner, a public spirited person."

15. From the above factual backdrop admitted by the parties, it is clear that only one Professorship of HAG (Stage 6) was allotted for the School of "Humanities Environment Sciences" and there are atleast three eligible Professors including the petitioner for promotion to the said one Professorship of HAG (Stage 6). The Apex Court in G.G.Ladikar vrs Union of India and Ors: (2007) 15 SCC 518 held that in the case of limited number of posts where there are large number of eligible candidates to fill up the limited number of posts, there shall be selection process based on merit of the candidates in the absence of Rule to the contrary. In the present case, there is no Rule to the effect that the promotion should be on the basis of seniority only. Rather the provision of UGC Regulation 2010 quoted above clearly provides that the promotion of the Professors from Stage 5 to Stage 6 HAG shall be on the basis of the assessment and recommendation made by the Expert Committee. Para 4 of the SCC in G.G.Ladikar's case (Supra) read as follows:

"4. .........Whenever the number of posts to be filled up is limited and the candidates in the field are more than the required number and the selection for appointment has to be made after a departmental examination, inevitably it has to go by the merit performance of the candidates in the departmental examination unless there is any contra provision for adopting a different procedure or when any rule of reservation or quota is provided according to which the appointment have to be made from out of the 30 selected candidates. The mere claim based upon seniority cannot be countenanced to overlook the results of departmental examination. Departmental examination in the context has to be construed to indicate as to who the authority is who is to conduct the examination, and nothing more. It is futile, therefore, for the appellant to claim that he, having written or undertaken the examination conducted by the Department notwithstanding his performance or the marks obtained by him compared to the other candidates who underwent the same departmental examination, based on the position of his seniority alone, should have been appointed. This would render the very scheme and purpose of holding a departmental examination a contradiction in terms and self- nugatory."

16. The Apex Court in Osmania University represented by its Registrar , Hyderabad, A.P. vrs Abdul Rayees Khan and Anr:

(1997) 3 SCC 124 held that the courts should be slow to interfere in academic selections made objectively by the expert after following the prescribed procedure. The matter of assessment for promotion of Reader in the University should be left to the Expert Body. Para 9 of the SCC in Osmania University's case (Supra) read as follows:
"9. ...... As held by this Court in J.P Kulshrestha case : (1980) 3 SCC 418 ; 1980 SCC (L&S) 436 ultimately, this Court has to leave it to the academic body to select the best candidates suitable and fit to teach the subject. As held by this Court, "Rulings of this Court were cited before us to hammer home the point that the court should not substitute its judgment for that of academicians when the dispute relates to educational affairs. While there is no absolute ban, it is a rule of prudence that courts should hesitate to dislodge 31 decisions of academic bodies. But University organs, for that matter any authority in our system, is bound by the rule of law and cannot be a law unto itself. If the Chancellor or any other authority lesser in level decides an academic matter, or an educational question, the court keeps its hands off; but where a provision of law has to be read and understood, it is not fair to keep the court out"

In view of the above statement of law, with which we are in respectful agreement we hold that generally the court may not interfere with the selection, relating to educational affairs, and academic matters may be left to the expert body to select best of the talent on objective criteria. What is the objective criteria is a question of fact in each case. Each case depends upon its own facts and the circumstances in which the respective claims of competing candidates has come up for consideration. No absolute rule in that behalf could be laid. Each case requires to be considered on its own merit and in its own setting, giving due consideration to the views expressed by the educational experts in the affairs of their administration or selection of the candidates."

17. The Apex Court in Secretary and Curator, Victoria Memorial Hall vrs Howrah Ganatantrik Nagrik Samity and Ors: (2010) 3 SCC 732 held that the recommendation of the expert body should not have been turned down in the absence of any contrary provision in the relevant Act. Para 37 and 38 of the SCC in Secretary and Curator, Victoria Memorial Hall's case (Supra) read as follows:

"37. The Constitution Bench of this Court in University of Mysore v. C.D. Govinda Rao:
AIR 1976 SC 491 held that (AIR p. 496, para 13) "normally the courts should be slow to interfere with the opinions expressed by the experts". It would normally be wise and safe for the courts to leave the decision to experts who are more familiar with the problems they face that the 32 courts generally can be. This view has consistently been reiterated by this Court as is evident from the judgments in State of Bihar v. Dr. Asis Kumar Mukherjee: (1975) 3 SCC 602: 1975 SCC (L&S) 51: AIR 1975 SC 192, Dalpat Abasaheb Solunke v. Dr. B.S. Mahajan: (1990) 1 SCC 305: 1990 SCC (L&S) 80: (1991) 16 ATC 528: AIR 1990 SC 434, Central Areca Nut & Cocoa Mktg. & Processing Coop. Ltd. v. State of Karnataka: (1997) 8 SCC 31 and Dental Council of India v. Subharti K.K.B. Charitable Trust : (2001) 5 SCC 486.

38. However, if the provision of law is to be read or understood or interpreted, the court has to play an important role. (P.M. Bhargava v. UGC:

(2004) 6 SCC 661: AIR 2004 SC 3478 and Rajbir Singh Dalal (Dr.) v. Chaudhari Devi Lal University: (2008) 9 SCC 284: (2008) 2 SCC (L&S) 887."

18. It is well settled that when a selection is made by the Expert Body like the Public Service Commission which was also advised by the Expert, the Court should be slow to interfere with the opinion expressed by the Expert unless allegations of mala fide are made and established. The Apex Court in Secy. (Health) Deptt. of Health & F.W. and Anr vrs Dr. Anita Puri and Ors: (1996) 6 SCC 282 para 9 held that:

"9. ......We are unable to accept this contention. This Court in the case of Ajay Hasia v. Khalid Majib Sehravardi (1981) 1 SCC 722: 1981 SCC (L & S) 258, while considering the Case of selection, wherein 33% marks was the minimum requirement by a candidate in viva voce for being selected, held that it does not incur any constitutional infirmity. As has been stated earlier the expert body has to evolve some procedure for assessing the merit and suitability of the applicants and the same necessarily has to be made only by allotting marks on different facets and then awarding marks in respect of each facet of a candidate and finally evaluating his merit, it is too well settled that when a Selection is made by an expert body like public Service Commission which is also advised by 33 experts having technical experience and high academic qualification in the field for which the selection is to be made, the courts should be slow to interfere with the opinion expressed by experts unless allegations of mala fide are made and established. It would be prudent and safe for the courts to leave the decisions on such matters to the experts who are more familiar with the problems they face than the courts. If the expert body considers suitability of a candidate for a specified post after giving due consideration to all the relevant factors, then the court should not ordinarily interfere with such selection and evaluation. Thus considered, we are not in a position to agree with the conclusion of the High Court that the marks awarded by the Commission was arbitrary or that the selection made by the Commission was in any way vitiated."

19. The Apex Court in Ashok Kumar Yadav and Ors vrs State of Haryana and Ors: (1985) 4 SCC 417 (4 Judges) held that the significance of viva voce matter is to be determined by the Expert Body and would not be right for the Court to pronounce upon it. Para 25 of the SCC in Ashok Kumar Yadav's case (Supra) read as follows:

"25. ......There can therefore be no doubt that the viva voce test performs a very useful function in assessing personnel characteristics and traits and in fact, tests the man himself and is therefore regarded as an important tool along with the written examination. Now if both written examination and viva voce test are accepted as essential features of proper selection in a given case, the question may arise as to the weight to be attached respectively to them. "In the case of admission to a college for instance", as observed by Chinnappa Reddy, J. in Liladhar's case,:
Lila Dhar v. State of Rajasthan : (1982) 1 SCR 320 : (1981) 4 SCC 159 : 1981 SCC (L & S) 588 : AIR 1981 SC 1777 "where the candidate's personality is yet to develop and it is too early to identify the personal qualities for which greater importance may have to be attached in later life, greater weight has perforce to be given to performance in the written examination" and the importance to be attached 34 to the viva voce test in such a case would therefore necessarily be minimal. It was for this reason that in Ajay Hasia's case: Ajay Hasia v.

Khalid Mujib : (1981) 2 SCR 79 : (1981) 1 SCC 722 : 1981 SCC (L & S) 258 : AIR 1981 SC 487 this Court took the view that the allocation of as high a percentage of marks as 33.3% to the viva voce test was "beyond all reasonable proportion and rendered the selection of the candidates arbitrary." But, as pointed out by Chinnappa Reddy, J., "in the case of services to which recruitment has necessarily to be made from persons of mature personality, interview test may be the only way subject to basic and essential academic and professional requirements being satisfied." There may also be services "to which recruitment is made from younger candidates whose personalities are on the thresh hold of development and who show signs of great promise" and in case of such services where sound selection must combine academic ability with personality promise, some weight has to be given to the viva voce test. There cannot be any hard and fast rule regarding the precise weight to be given to the viva voce test as against the written examination. It must vary from service to service according to the requirement of the service, the minimum qualification prescribed, the age group from which the selection is to be made, the body to which the task of holding the viva voce test is proposed to be entrusted and a host of other factors. It is essentially a matter for determination by experts. The Court does not possess the necessary equipment and it would not be right for the Court to pronounce upon it, unless to use the words of Chinnappa Reddy, J. in Liladhar's case (supra) "exaggerated weight has been given with proven or obvious oblique motives."

20. The Apex Court in Dalpat Abasaheb Solunke and Ors vrs Dr. B.S. Mahajan and Ors: (1990) 1 SCC 305 in para 12 held that:

"12. It will thus appear that apart from the fact that the High Court has rolled the cases of the two appointees in one, though their appointments are not assailable on the same grounds, the Court has also found it necessary to sit in appeal over the decision of the Selection Committee and to embark upon deciding the relative merits of the candidates. It is needless to 35 emphasise that it is not the function of the Court to hear appeals over the decisions of the Selection Committees and to scrutinize the relative merits of the Candidates. Whether a candidate is fit for a particular post or not has to be decided by the duly constituted Selection Committee which has the expertise on the subject. The Court has no such expertise. The decision of the Selection Committee can be interfered with only on limited grounds, such as illegality or patent material irregularity in the Constitution of the Committee or its procedure vitiating the selection, or proved mala fides affecting the selection etc. It is not disputed that in the present case the University had constituted the Committee in due compliance with the relevant statutes. The Committee consisted of experts and it selected the candidates after going through all the relevant material before it. In sitting in appeal over the selection so made and in setting it aside on the ground of the so called comparative merits of the candidates as assessed by the Court, the High Court went wrong and exceeded its jurisdiction."

21. For the foregoing reasons and ratio decidendis of the cases discussed above, this Court is of the considered view that the assessment and recommendation of the Expert Committee for promotion of the Professor HAG (Stage 5) to (Stage 6), more particularly, in the academic selection in the university made by the Expert Committee is not called for interference inasmuch as this Court has no expertise in such fields and also this Court is of the further view that there is absolutely no materials to show that the procedure prescribed or provision of the University Grants Commission Regulation 2010 had been flouted by the Expert Committee or by the authority in making the assessment of the Professors for promotion, more particularly, in the School of Humanities and Environment Sciences. This Court is of the considered view that the assessment of the Expert Committee should not be interfered with on surmise, conjecture and 36 hypothesis. Further, this Court held that these writ petitions in the present form are not maintainable for assailing the promotion of all the Professors of other Schools to the Professor HAG (Stage 6) for the reasons discussed above.

22. Accordingly, these writ petitions are devoid of merit. Thus, writ petitions are dismissed. Parties are to bear their own costs.

JUDGE S.Rynjah