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[Cites 21, Cited by 3]

Gujarat High Court

Manjulaben Prakashkumar Chaudhari vs State Of Gujarat & 2 on 28 March, 2017

Equivalent citations: AIR 2017 (NOC) 1108 (GUJ.)

Bench: Harsha Devani, A.S. Supehia

               C/SCA/723/2017                                          CAV JUDGMENT



                          IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD

                         SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION  NO.723 of 2017
                                           WITH
                        SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 1507 of 2017

              FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:  
              HONOURABLE MS.JUSTICE HARSHA DEVANI  Sd/­
              and
              HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.S. SUPEHIA    Sd/­
         ===================================================

1  Whether   Reporters   of   Local   Papers   may   be  allowed to see the judgment ? NO 2  To be referred to the Reporter or not ?

YES 3  Whether   their   Lordships   wish   to   see   the  fair copy of the judgment ? NO 4  Whether   this   case   involves   a   substantial  question   of   law   as   to   the   interpretation  of the Constitution of India or any order  NO made thereunder ?

=================================================== MANJULABEN PRAKASHKUMAR CHAUDHARI....Petitioner(s) Versus STATE OF GUJARAT  &  2....Respondent(s) =========================================================== Appearance:

SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO.723 OF 2017 MR NARENDRA L JAIN, ADVOCATE for Petitioner(s) No. 1 MR SHIRISH GOHIL, AGP for the Respondent(s) No. 1  MR TEJAS P SATTA, ADVOCATE for Respondent(s) No. 3 NOTICE SERVED BY DS for the Respondent(s) No.2 SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO.1507 OF 2017 MR BHARAT T RAO, ADVOCATE for Petitioner(s) No.1­4 MR SHIRISH GOHIL, AGP for the Respondent(s) No.1 MR DAXAY D PATEL, ADVOCATE for the Respondent(s) No.6­ 7, 10,13 NOTICE SERVED BY DS for the Respondent(s) No.3­5, 8­ 9,11­12 MR VIRAL K SHAH, ADVOCATE for the Respondent(s) No.2 =================================================== Page 1 of 25 HC-NIC Page 1 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT CORAM: HONOURABLE MS.JUSTICE HARSHA DEVANI                  and HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.S. SUPEHIA  Date : 28/03/2017  CAV (COMMON) JUDGMENT (PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE A.S. SUPEHIA) (1) Since   the   issue   raised   in   these  writ  petitions  is  common, the  same were taken  up  for   final   hearing   together   and   are   disposed  of by this common judgement.
(2) In Special Civil Application No.723 of 2017,  the   petitioner   has   assailed   the   order   dated  13.01.2017   passed   below   Exh.1,   by   the  Judicial   Magistrate,   First   Class,   Mansa,   in  Election   Petition   No.1   of   2017,   whereby   the  interim prayer for staying the implementation  and operation of the result dated 29.12.2016  declared in favour of respondent No.3 by the  Election Commission is rejected.

(3) In Special Civil Application No.1507 of 2017,  the   petitioners   have   challenged   the   Order  dated   23.01.2017   passed     below   application  Exh.5   in   Election   Petition   No.1   of   2017  whereby the elected representatives have been  restrained   from   discharging   their  administrative powers and recounting is also  ordered.

Page 2 of 25

HC-NIC Page 2 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT (4) The   dispute   in   the   present   petitions   arises  out   of   granting   and   refusing   an   interim  injunction   filed   in   the   election   petitions  challenging the elections under section 31 of  the Gujarat Panchayats Act, 1993 (hereinafter  referred as "the Act of 1993")  (5) Relevant facts from each of the petition are  incorporated as under

IN SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO.723 OF 2017
(i) The   election   of   Babupura  Gram   Panchayat  was  held   on   27.12.2016   and   counting   thereof   was  held   on   29.12.2016.   The   elections   were  concluded   on   03.01.2017.   It   is   the   case   of  the   petitioner   that   71   votes   were  deliberately   misplaced   in   order   to   favour  respondent No.3.
(ii) Eventually,   after   recounting   of   the   votes,  the   petitioner   was   declared   as   unsuccessful  candidate by a margin of 35 votes as compared  to   respondent   No.3.   The   petitioner  immediately   on  29.12.2016,   filed   a   complaint  with   the   Election   Officer   regarding   the  lost/misplaced   ballots   so   that   the   Election  Officer reports the same to the Commissioner  and take appropriate action under rule 49 of  Page 3 of 25 HC-NIC Page 3 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT the   Gujarat   Panchayats   Election   Rules,   1994  (hereinafter referred as "the Rules").
(iii) As   the   Election   Officer   remained  indolent,   the  petitioner   filed  Special  Civil  Application   No.22002   of   2016   before   this  Court,   which   came   to   be   dismissed   on   the  ground of alternative remedy. Thereafter, the  petitioner   filed   Election   Petition   No.1   of  2017   wherein,   vide   order   dated   13.01.2017  passed   below   Exh.1,   Judicial   Magistrate,  First   Class,   Mansa,   rejected   the   interim  prayer   of   staying   implementation   and  operation   of   the   result   dated   29.12.2016   by  observing that section 31 of the Act of 1993  does not confer such power on him.

IN SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO.1507/2017

i) The   State   Election   Commission   declared  election   programme   for   holding   election   of  Sarpanch   and   members   of  Gram   Panchayat  of  Village   Nyara,   Taluka   Padadhari,   District  Rajkot,   on   27.11.2016   by   issuing   a  notification.   The   date   of   polling   was   fixed  on   27.12.2016   and   the   date   of   counting   was  fixed   on   29.12.2016.   There   were   eight   wards  in   Nyara  Gram   Panchayat  divided   in   eight  constituencies. 

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HC-NIC Page 4 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT

ii) Petitioners No.1 and 2 contested for the post  of   Sarpanch.   From   the   panel   of   the  petitioners   which   comprised   of   seven  candidates,   three   candidates   were   elected,  whereas   from   the   panel   of   respondent   No.2,  four candidates were elected. In the election  of   Sarpanch,  petitioner   No.1  was   declared  elected   by   four   votes.   Respondent   No.2  presented   Election   Petition   No.1   of   2017   on  13.01.2017   before   the   Principal   Civil   Judge  at   Padadhari.   Along   with   the   election  petition, Exh.5 application for stay came to  be moved. Election Petition No.1 of 2017 was  fixed   on   18.01.2017,   thereafter,   it   was  adjourned   to   20.01.2017.   On   behalf   of  respondent   No.1,   time   was   sought   and   the  matter was kept on 21.01.2017. On 21.01.2017  the   petitioners   sought   time   to   file   reply.  The   petitioners   were   directed   to   file   reply  till 2:30 p.m. on 23.01.2017.

iii) It   is   the   case   of   the   petitioners   that   on  23.01.2017 they could not file reply because  the   documents   were   not   available   with   them.  On   the   same   day   the   Civil   Judge   heard   the  application Exh.5 and granted stay as prayed  for   in   the   said   application   i.e   restraining  the   elected   representatives   from   exercising  their   administrative   powers   till   the   result  Page 5 of 25 HC-NIC Page 5 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT in   recounting   is   declared.   The   Civil   Judge  further   directed   for   the   appointment   of   a  Court   Commissioner   for   the   purpose   of  recounting.

(6) Mr.Narendra   Jain,   learned   advocate   for   the  petitioner   of   Special   Civil   Application  No.723/2017,   has   submitted   that   the   Civil  Judge   (Junior   Division)   or   Civil   Judge  (Senior Division) (hereinafter referred to as  the   "Judge")   referred   in   section   31   of   the  Gujarat Panchayat Act, 1993 is a Civil Judge  within   the   meaning   of   Code   of   Civil  Procedure,   1908   ("the   Code"   for   short).   It  was contended that sub­section (3) of section  31 of the Act of 1993 confers the powers of a  civil   court   on   the   Judge   holding   such  inquiry,   hence,   the   same   would   mean   a  Presiding Officer of a Civil Court as defined  under   clause   (8)   of   section   2   of   the   Code,  therefore,  he is  vested with  all the powers  under the Code, including the power to grant  interim injunction under Order 39 Rules 1 and  2 of the Code. He has further asserted that  the power of setting aside an election under  section   31   of   the   Act   of   1993   by   the   Judge  also  includes the  power of  grant an interim  injunction,   hence,   the   impugned   order   dated  13.01.2017   passed   below   Exh.1,   Judicial  Page 6 of 25 HC-NIC Page 6 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT Magistrate,   First   Class,   Mansa,   in   Election  Petition No.1 of 2017, deserves to be quashed  and set aside.

(7) Learned   advocate   Mr.Viral   Shah   appearing   on  behalf   of   respondent   No.2   of   Special   Civil  Application   No.1507   of   2017,   in   support   of  the   arguments   advance   by   learned   advocate  Mr.Jain   has   submitted   that   there   is   no  provision in the Act of 1993 and the Rules of  1994 restraining grant of the injunction and  in absence of any such provisions, the Civil  Judge can exercise all powers as envisaged in  Code   of   Civil   Procedure.     He   has   laid  emphasis   on   the   judgement   of   Apex  Court  rendered  in   the   case   of  R.Narayanan   Vs.  S.Semmalai   &   Ors.,  reported   in   A.I.R.   1980  S.C. 206, more particularly  Paragraphs No.17  and  18 thereof,  which states  that the Court  would  be justified  in ordering  a recount  of  the ballot papers when the election petition  contains   an   adequate   statement   of   all   the  material   facts   on   which   the   allegations   of  irregularity   or   illegality   in   counting   are  founded. Reliance is placed on the judgement  rendered   in   case   of  Edara   Haribabu   Vs.  Tulluri   Venkata   Narasimham,   2016   (2)   S.C.C.  640,   more   particularly   Paragraph   No.45  thereof, wherein the Apex Court has observed  Page 7 of 25 HC-NIC Page 7 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT that   the   Courts   are   always   vested   with  inherent and statutory power to stay/restrain  the  execution of  the action  impugned in  the  lis, during pendency of the lis. These powers  are contained in Order 39 Rules 1 and 2, and  Order 41 Rule 5 of the Code. In view of the  aforesaid   submissions,   learned   Advocate  Mr.Shah has urged that the petition deserves  to be dismissed as the Order dated 23.01.2017  passed   below   application   Exh.5   in   Election  Petition   No.1   of   2017,   whereby   the   elected  representatives   have   been   restrained   from  discharging their functions and recounting is  also ordered does not require interference.

(8) Vehemently opposing the aforesaid contentions  of   learned   Advocates   Mr.Narendra   Jain   and  Mr.Viral   Shah,   learned   Advocate   Mr.Bharat  Rao, advocate for the petitioners of Special  Civil Application No.1507 of 2017, has stated  that in the absence of a specific finding of  corrupt practices in election petition, which  is  mandatory under  section  31(7) of the  Act  of 1993, the Judge could not have passed the  mandatory order below Exh.5 because there is  no such provision in the election petition to  pass such type of mandatory order restraining  the elected representatives  from discharging  their   functions   as   elected   representatives. 

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HC-NIC Page 8 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT He  has further  submitted that  section 31  of  the Act of 1993 is a self­contained code for  the   purpose   of  trial   of   election   petition  before the concerned court and the concerned  judge   has   to   pass   order   within   the   four  corners of section 31 of the Act of 1993. The  aid   of   provisions   of   the   Code   can   only   be  taken  for   the   purpose   of  issuing   summons,  recording   evidence,   compelling   presence   of  witness   to   attend   the   court,   production   of  documentary evidence for only, therefore, the  Judge   has   committed   error   apparent   on   the  face of the record by granting interim relief  as   prayed   for   as   well   as   directing  recounting,   which   is   mandatory   order   not  permissible in the eyes of law. He has also  submitted   that   the   Judge   has   not   considered  the "Explanation" given to section 31 (4) of  the  Act of 1993.  Here, the  election officer  has   not   committed   breach   of   the   Rules   and,  therefore, the election cannot be set aside.  When  the election  cannot be  set aside,  then  in   such   cases   interim   relief   cannot   be  granted. Hence, the order of the Judge below  is   erroneous,   illegal   and   against   the  provisions of law. 

In support of his arguments, learned advocate  for   the   petitioners   has   relied   on   the  Page 9 of 25 HC-NIC Page 9 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT judgements in the cases of Jivantiben Bhikaji  Thaveracha   Vs.   Rangaben   Manaji   Thaveracha,  2003   (2)   G.L.H.   306   and  Chandrika   Prasad  Yadav   Vs.   State   of   Bihar   &   Ors.   (2004)   6  S.C.C.   331,  Somabhai   Kacharadas   Patel   Vs.  Patel Becharbhai Shambhubhai, 1980 (2) G.L.R.  1. (9) Learned advocate Mr.Tejas Satta appearing on  behalf   of   respondent   No.3   of   Special   Civil  Application   No.723   of   2017   has   stated   that  Order 39 Rule 2 of the Code is not applicable  to  an inquiry as  envisaged  under section  31  of   the   Act   of   1993.   He   has   relied   on   the  judgement   reported   in   the   case   of  Election  Officer,   Rohisala  Gram   Panchayat  &   Deputy  Mamlatdar   and   Ors.   Vs.   Dharamshibhai  Muljibhai,   1997   (1)   G.L.H.   242.   He   has  submitted   that   there   is   no   illegality   or  impropriety   or   unlawful   act   carried   out   in  the   election   process.   Hence,   the   said  petition deserves to dismissed. 

(10) The   core   question   which   fastens   all   the  petitioners and respondents in the aforesaid  writ petitions is whether the Civil Judge is  empowered   to   grant   interim   injunction/  interim relief in an election petition filed  under section 31 of the Act of 1993 ? 

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HC-NIC Page 10 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT "Sections 31 reads as under:

SECTION   31   :   Determination   of   validity   of   election, inquiry by Judge and procedure  (1)   If   the   validity   of   any   election   of   a   member of a panchayat is brought in question   by   any   person   contesting   the   election   or   by   any person qualified to vote at the election   to   which   such   question   relates,   such   person   may,   at   any   time   within   fifteen   days   after   the date of the declaration of the results of   the election present an election petition to   the   Civil   Judge   (Junior   Division)   and,   if   there   be   no   Civil   Judge   (Junior   Division)   then   to   the   Civil   Judge   (Senior   Division),   (hereinafter   referred   to   as   "the   Judge")   having   ordinary   jurisdiction   in   the   area   within which the election has been or should   have been held, for the determination of such   question. 
(2)   A   petitioner   shall   not   join   as   respondents to his election petition persons   except   those   mentioned   in   the   following   clauses, namely:­ 
(a)   where   the   petitioner   in   addition   to   challenging the validity of the election of   all   or   any   of   the   returned   candidates,   claims a further relief that he himself or   Page 11 of 25 HC-NIC Page 11 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT any other candidate has been duly elected,   all   the   contesting   candidates   other   than   the   petitioner   and   where   no   such   further   relief   is   claimed,   all   the   returned   candidates, and 
(b)   any   other   candidate   against   whom   allegations   of   any   corrupt   practice   are   made in the election petition. 
(3) An inquiry shall thereupon be held by the   Judge   and   he   may   after   such   inquiry   as   he   deems necessary, pass an order, confirming or   amending the declared result, or setting the   election aside. For the purposes of the said   inquiry, the said Judge may exercise all the   powers   of   a   civil   court,   and   his   decision   shall be conclusive. 
(4)   if   the   validity   of   the   election   is   brought in question only on the ground of any   error by the officer or officers charged with   carrying out the rules made under section 274   or   of   an   irregularity   or   informality   not   corruptly   caused,   the   Judge   shall   not   set   aside the election. 

Explanation­The   expression   "error"   in   this   sub­section does not include any breach of or   any   omission   to   carry   out   or   any   non­ compliance with the provisions of this Act or   Page 12 of 25 HC-NIC Page 12 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT the rules made thereunder whereby the result   of the election­has been materially affected.  

(5)   All   election   petitions   received   under   sub­section (1)­ 

(a) in which the validity of the election   of members to represent the same electoral   division is in question, shall be heard by   the same Judge, and 

(b) in which the validity of the election   of   the   same   member   elected   to   represent   the   same   electoral   division   is   in   question, shall be heard together. 

(6)'Notwithstanding anything contained in the   Code   of   Civil   Procedure,   1908   (V.   of   1908)   the Judge shall not permit­ 

(a)   any   petition   to   be   compromised   or   withdrawn, or 

(b)   any   person   to   alter   or   amend   any   pleading,   unless   he   is   satisfied   that   such   application   for   compromise   or   withdrawal   or   the   application   for   such   alteration or amendment is bona fide and   not collusive. 

(7)(a) if on the holding of such inquiry   the Judge finds that a candidate has for   the   purpose   of   the   election   committed   a   Page 13 of 25 HC-NIC Page 13 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT corrupt   practice   within   the   meaning   of   sub­section   (8)   he   shall   declare   the   candidate disqualified for the purpose of   that election and of such fresh election   as may be held under section 33 and shall   set aside the election of such candidate   if he has been elected. 

(b) If, in any case to which clause (a) does   not apply, the validity of an election is in   dispute   between   two   or   more   candidates,   the   Judge shall after a scrutiny and computation   of   the   votes   recorded   in   favour   of   each   candidate, declare the candidate who is found   to have the greatest number of valid votes in   his favour to have been duly elected: 

Provided   that   for   the   purpose   of   such   computation,   no   vote   shall   be   reckoned   as   valid   if   the   Judge   finds   that   any   corrupt   practice was committed by any person known or   unknown, in giving or obtaining it: 
Provided further that after such computation   if   any   equality   of   votes   is   found   to   exist   between   any   candidates   and   the   addition   of   one vote will entitle any of the candidates   to   be   declared   elected,   one   additional   vote   shall be added to the total number of valid   votes found to have been received in favour   of such candidate or candidates, as the case   Page 14 of 25 HC-NIC Page 14 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT may be, selected by lot drawn in the presence   of   the   Judge   in   such   manner   as   he   may   determine."
(11) The analysis of the provisions of section 31  of the Act of 1993 manifests the legislative  intention   of   providing   a   mechanism   or   forum  for adjudicating election disputes  presented  by   way   of   an   election   petition   before   the  Civil Judge. The section further prescribes a  comprehensive   procedure   for   determining   the  validity   of   an   election.   Sub­section   (3)   of  section   31   of   the   Act   of   1993   specifically  uses the expression "inquiry" which will not  embrace   the   sense   of   "trial". 

Correspondingly,  an election petition cannot  be   equated   with   a   "suit"   filed   in   a   Civil  Court. As a necessary consequence, the Civil  Judge   exercising   powers   under   section   31   of  the Act of 1993 is a "persona designata" but  not   a   court,   despite   the   fact   that   he   is  expected   to   act   in   a   quasi­judicial   manner.  The   Division   Bench   of   this   Court   in   the  judgement   dated   07.03.2016   rendered   in  Special   Civil   Application   No.12641   of   2016  after   examining   section   14   of   the   Gujarat  Municipalities   Act,   1963   (hereinafter  referred as "the Act of 1963"), which is pari  materia to section 31 of the Act of 1993, has  Page 15 of 25 HC-NIC Page 15 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT held that  the "Judge" referred in section 14  of the Act of 1963 is a "persona designata" 

appointed for adjudicating the proceedings as  a   "Tribunal"   and   not   as   a   "Court"   and   the  proceedings before the Judge under section 14  of   the   Act   of   1963,   cannot   be   termed   as  proceedings   of   "Civil"   nature   but   the   same  are "statutory proceedings" in the nature of  an   inquiry   for   adjudicating   the   validity   of  election   under   challenge.   No   convincing  factors or reasons are presented before us to  deviate   from   the   view   rendered   in   the  aforesaid judgement. 
(12) We  shall now endeavour  to examine  the issue  regarding   the   exercise   of   the   power   of  granting interim injunction akin to Order 39  rule   1   and   2   of   the   Code   in   an   election  petition   by   the   Civil   Judge.   In   our  considered opinion, the provisions of section  31   of   the   Act   of   1993   do   not   envisage   such  power.   Though,   sub­section   (3)   states   about  the exercise of all the powers of the civil  court, the same will not confer the power of  granting an interim injunction. The Judge who  is a persona designate cannot exercise powers  under Order 39 rule 1 and 2 of the Code. The  Judge can only adopt such procedure which can  assist   the   inquiry   or   investigation   carried  Page 16 of 25 HC-NIC Page 16 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT in   furtherance   of   section   31   of   the   Act   of  1993   for   deciding   the   validity   of   an  election.   It   is   evident   from   the   aforesaid  provisions that the legislature was cognizant  of   the   fact   that   the   power   to   grant   an  interim injunction cannot be conferred to the  Civil   Judge   looking   to   the   nature   of  proceedings confronted by him. In the case of  Somabhai Kachardas Patel (supra) the Division  Bench   while   examining   Section   14   of   the  Gujarat Municipalities Act, 1963 has observed  thus:
"In an election petition there is no question   of   breach   of   contract   or   proceedings   for   breach   of   contract   and   so   far   as   injury   is   concerned,  it must be legal injury from the   action contemplated by the other party to the   proceedings.   Under   section   14   the   only   inquiry   that   is   permissible   to   the   Election   Tribunal is an inquiry regarding validity of   election   of   a   councillor   and   there   is   no   question   of   any   legal   injury   which   the   applicant   before   the   Election   Tribunal   can   suffer from and therefore even that part of   Rule   2   of   Order   39   which   speaks   of   "other   injury of any kind" will not be applicable to   proceedings   challenging   the   validity   of   an   election.   Under   these   circumstances,   Order   Page 17 of 25 HC-NIC Page 17 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT 39,   Rule   2   also   cannot   be   invoked   by   any   party   to   an   election   petition   which   is   instituted   under   section   14   of   the   Gujarat   Municipalities Act. If that is so., there is   no   question   of   invoking   the   provisions   of   Order   43,   Rule   1   for   establishing   maintainability   of   an   appeal   against   the   order refusing to grant an injunction during   the pendency of an election petition. 
"We   are,   however,   of   the   view   that   the   Gujarat   Municipality   Act   has   neither   invested   the   petitioners   challenging   the   validity   of   the   election   with   the   substantive   right   to   claim   injunction   or   correspondingly conferred the power to grant   injunction in Tribunal."

...   But   it   is   well­settled   law   that   the   doctrine   of   implied   power   can   be   brought   into   play   only   if   it   is   found   that   a   duty   had   been   imposed   or   power   conferred   on   the   authority by statute and it is further found   that   the   duty   cannot   be   discharged   or   the   power cannot be exercised at all unless some   auxiliary  or incidental  power is  assumed to   exist."  

.....This principle of implied power cannot be   read   into   the   provisions   of   section   14   of   the   Gujarat   Municipalities   Act   because   all   Page 18 of 25 HC-NIC Page 18 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT that   the   Tribunal   has   to   decide   is   the   question   of   the   validity   of   that   election   and an injunction of the type sought for in   the   present   case   cannot   be   said   to   be   necessary   for   the   proper   determination   of   the   question   before   it   nor   can   it   be   said   that   if   such   a   relief   is   not   granted   the   result   of   the   election   petition,   if   successful,   would   be   rendered   nugatory,   nor   can   it   be   said   that   the   jurisdiction   of   Election   Tribunal   would   not   be   effectively   exercised in the absence of any such implied   power. 

.... All that can be said is that if an appeal   had   been   provided   by   statute,   this   procedural   provision   relating   to   appeal   under   the   Code   of   Civil   Procedure   would   become   applicable   but   neither   by   implied   power   nor   by   the   very   nature   of   the   proceedings can it be said that the power to   grant   interlocutory   injuction   under   Order   39, Rule 1 or 2 has been conferred upon the   Tribunal   set   up   under   the   provisions   of   section   14   of   the   Gujarat   Municipalities   Act."

(13) It will be apposite to refer to the judgement  rendered   by   Justice   Jackson   in   the   case   of  Page 19 of 25 HC-NIC Page 19 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT Venkatasubbiah   Chettiar   Vs.   Sesha   Aiyar,  A.I.R.   1924   Madras   797.   The   relevant  paragraph is extracted as under:

"7.   An   injunction   restraining   an   elected   candidate from taking his seat may be in the   ends of justice assuming that there is prima   facie   ground   for   holding   his   election   to   have   been   so   irregular   that   any   act   consequential   upon  that  election  is  a fraud   upon   the   defeated   candidate,   but   such   an   injunction in no way affects the conduct of   the   trial.   A   Court   which   issues   such   an   injunction   is   really   proceeding   as   if   it   were   seized   of   the   case   in   the   ordinary   exercise   of   its   civil   jurisdiction   and   not   as   a   Court   inquiring   under   special   rules   into the validity of an election. And under   Rule   1   an   election   can   only   be   called   into   question   by   a   petition   presented   under   the   rules.   When   the   party   is   specially   prohibited from invoking the Civil Courts in   the   ordinary   exercise   of   their   judicial   functions, I can see no warrant for a Court   importing   into   the   inquiry   its   ordinary   Civil   powers   of   its   own   motion.   And,   of   course, if a Court cannot act under Section   94  and Order. XXXIX, Section 151 not extend   its powers."
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HC-NIC Page 20 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT (14) The   Supreme   Court   in   the   case   of  All   India  Indian Overseas Bank Sc And St Employees Wel­ fare Association Vs. Union Of India, (1996) 6  SCC 606 has observed thus:

"10.   Interestingly,   here,   in   clause   (8   of   Art. 338) the words used are "the Commission   shall   ...   have   all   the   powers   of   the   Civil   court trying a suit". But the words "all the   powers   of   a   Civil   court"   have   to   be   exercised   "while   investigating   any   matter   referred   to   in   sub­clause   (a)   or   inquiring   into any complaint referred to in sub­clause  
(b) of clause 5". All the procedural powers   of a civil court are given to the Commission   for   the   purpose   of   investigating   and   inquiring   into   these   matters   and   that   too   for that limited purpose only. The powers of   a   civil   court   of   granting   injunctions,   temporary or permanent, do not inhere in the   Commission nor can such a power be inferred   or   derived   from   a   reading   of   clause   (8)   of   Art. 338 of the Constitution".

The   foregoing   analysis   and   observations  culminate into a sole opinion that the Civil  Judge is devoid of power of granting interim  injunction/relief   in   an   election   petition  while   examining   the   validity   of   an   election  Page 21 of 25 HC-NIC Page 21 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT under   section   31   of   the   Act   of   1993.   The  power   to   grant   interim   injunction   in   an  election   petition   filed   under   section   31   of  the   Act   of   1993   is   not   embodied   in   such  provisions   since   the   election   petition   does  not   envisage   an   action   of   civil   law   or  inequity.   The   Civil   Judge   under   sub­section  (3)   of   section   31   of   the   Act   of   1993   can  exercise the procedural powers of civil court  for   the   purpose   of   investigation   or   inquiry  for finding any corrupt practice committed by  any person.

(15) In the case of  Jivantiben Bhikaji Thaveracha  (supra), the Division Bench of this Court has  held   that   till   the   allegations   made   in   the  application   are   established   and   proved,   the  allegations   remain   as   mere   allegations   and,  therefore,   on   the   basis   of   the   allegations,  the Court cannot order recount at the interim  stage.  

(16) Reliance   placed   on   the   judgement   by   the  learned Advocate Mr.Viral K Shah in the case  of Edara Haribabu (supra) cannot apply to the  facts of the present case as it appears that  the same dealt with   the issue of disquali­ fication of an elected member.  The judgement  Page 22 of 25 HC-NIC Page 22 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT of   Apex   Court   in   the   case   of  R.Narayanan   (supra)   relied   upon   by   the   learned   Advocate  Mr.Shah  cannot  come to his  rescue since  the  Apex Court in the said case was dealing with  the controversy wherein the Returning officer  had  rejected the  prayer of  recount and  went  ahead with the declaration of result. In the  writ petition being Special Civil Application  No.1507   of   2017,   the   learned   Judge   has  ordered appointment of the Court Commissioner  for   recounting   by   way   of   an   interim  injunction   and   simultaneously   has   also  restrained the elected candidates to exercise  their   administrative   powers.   In   our  considered opinion, the method adopted by the  Civil Judge is unwarranted and the same is de  hors the procedure envisaged in section 31 of  the Act of 1993. Sub­section 7 (b) of section  31   of   the   Act   of   1993   envisions   that   it   is  the   Civil   Judge   who   has   to   scrutinise   and  compute the votes recorded in favour of each  candidate, thereafter, declare the candidate,  who is found to have the greatest numbers of  candidates.   He   cannot   bequeath   the   powers  which  are conferred  upon him  by the statute  to any one else to perform his functions. In  any case restraining the elected members from  performing   their   administrative   powers  defeats or frustrates the democratic will of  Page 23 of 25 HC-NIC Page 23 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT the   voters   who   had   elected   them.   The   only  eventuality   which   can   divest   them   from  holding   their   office   or   exercising   their  administrative function is the final decision  on the adjudication of the election petition.  Under   the   circumstances,   we   hold   that   the  Civil  Judge by  way of an interim  injunction  neither   has   the   power   to   pass   an   order  restraining the elected members in any manner  nor   he   can   direct   re­counting   of   votes.  Furthermore, he cannot order the appointment  of   a   court   commissioner   or   the   election  officer   for   scrutiny   and   computation   of  votes.

(17) On   the   consideration   of   the   principles  construed   from   the   provisions   of   section   31  of   the   Act   of   1993   and   the   authorities  mentioned hereinabove, we are of the opinion  that   Order   dated   13.01.2017   below   Exh.1,  Judicial   Magistrate,   First   Class,   Mansa,  passed   in   Election   Petition   No.1   of   2017  refusing   to   stay   the   implementation   and  operation   of   the   election   result   dated  29.12.2016 is justified. Accordingly, Special  Civil   Application   No.723   of   2017   is  dismissed, RULE is discharged. No order as to  costs.   However,   having   regard   to   the   facts  and circumstances of the present case, it is  Page 24 of 25 HC-NIC Page 24 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017 C/SCA/723/2017 CAV JUDGMENT expected   that   the   trial   Judge   shall   decide  the   election   petition   as   expeditiously   as  possible, preferably within a period of four  months from the date of receipt of a copy of  this   judgement,   on   merits   and   witout   being  influenced   by   the   observations   made   in   this  judgement. 

(18) The   Order   dated   23.01.2017   passed   below  application   Exh.5   in   Election   Petition   No.1  of 2017 by the Principal Civil Judge, Taluka  Court,   Paddhari,   ordering   recounting   by  appointing court commissioner and restraining  the elected representatives  from discharging  their   administrative   powers   is   quashed   and  set aside.  Special Civil Application No.1507  of 2017 is allowed, RULE is made absolute ac­ cordingly.

Sd/­        [HARSHA DEVANI, J] Sd/­        [A. S. SUPEHIA, J] *** Bhavesh­[pps]* Page 25 of 25 HC-NIC Page 25 of 25 Created On Sun Aug 13 03:13:41 IST 2017