Allahabad High Court
Ram Naresh vs State Of U.P. on 19 September, 2017
Bench: Bharat Bhushan, Shailendra Kumar Agrawal
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD A.F.R. U;k;ky; la0 44 vkjf{kr dsl %& fdzfeuy vihy ua0 & 411 lu~ 2004 vihykUV %& jke ujs'k jsLikUMsUV %& m0 iz0 jkT;
dkmfUly Qkj vihykUV %& ,l0th0 flag] viqy feJk] ch0th0 flag] ch0vkj0 flag] ts0,l0 lsaxj] ftrsUnz flag] ,l0ds0 jko] oh0,l0 feJk dkmfUly Qkj viksftV ikVhZ %& ,0th0,0 lac) dsl %& fdzfeuy vihy ua0 & 159 lu~ 2004 vihykUV %& jktkHkS;k jsLikUMsUV %& m0 iz0 jkT;
dkmfUly Qkj vihykUV %& ch0th0 flag] viqy feJk] ftrsUnz flag] dkS'kysUnz dqekj ;kno dkmfUly Qkj viksftV ikVhZ %& th0,0 lac) dsl %& fdzfeuy vihy ua0 & 105 lu~ 2004 vihykUV %& johUnz jsLikUMsUV %& m0 iz0 jkT;
dkmfUly Qkj vihykUV %& vkbZ0 ds0 prqosZnh dkmfUly Qkj viksftV ikVhZ %& th0,0 eku~uh; Hkkjr Hkw"k.k] U;k;ewfrZ eku~uh; 'kSysUnz dqekj vxzoky] U;k;ewfrZ (eku~uh; 'kSysUnz dqekj vxzoky] U;k;ewfrZ }kjk mn~?kksf"kr) 1& mijksDr QkStnkjh vihy la0 411 lu~ 2004 vihykFkhZ@vfHk;qDr jke ujs'k dh vksj ls] QkStnkjh vihy la0 159 lu~ 2004 vihykFkhZ@vfHk;qDr jktkHkS;k dh vksj ls rFkk QkStnkjh vihy la0 105 lu~ 2004 vihykFkhZ@vfHk;qDr johUnz dh vksj ls l= ijh{k.k la0 25 lu~ 2003 (jkT; cuke jkeujs'k vkfn) esa vij l= U;k;k/kh'k@ Rofjr U;k;ky; la0&8] ckank }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k fn0 22&12&2003 dks vikLr djkus ds vk'k; ls nk;j dh x;h gSaA 2& mDr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k ds }kjk vfHk;qDrx.k jkeujs'k] jktk HkS;k ,oa johUnz dks /kkjk 302@34 Hkk0na0la0 ds vUrxZr vkthou dkjkokl ,oa 10&10 gtkj :i;k vFkZn.M ls rFkk vFkZn.M vnk u djus ij 6&6 ekg ds vfrfjDr lJe dkjkokl ds n.M ls rFkk /kkjk 201 Hkk0na0la0 ds vUrxZr 3&3 o"kZ ds lJe dkjkokl o 5&5 gtkj :i;k vFkZn.M ls vkSj vFkZn.M vnk u djus ij 6&6 ekg ds vfrfjDr lJe dkjkokl ds n.M ls nf.Mr fd;k x;k gSA 3& pw¡fd ;g vkijkf/kd vihysa ,d gh ?kVuk ls lEcfU/kr gSa rFkk ,d gh l= ijh{k.k esa ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k ds fo:) nk;j dh x;h gSa] blfy, bu rhuksa vihyksa dh lquokbZ ,oa fuLrkj.k ,d lkFk fd;k tk jgk gSA 4& okn ds rF; la{ksi esa bl izdkj gSa fd oknh ekrk izlkn us fn0 3&4&2003 dks Fkkuk ujSuh] ftyk ckank esa vius yM+ds ds xqe'kqnxh dh fjiksVZ nh fd fn0 2&4&2003 dks le; djhc 4 cts nksigj dks og vius ifjokj lfgr Qly dkVus [ksrksa ij x;k Fkk] og vius yM+ds veksy flag mez djhc 13 o"kZ dks ?kj ij NksM+ x;k Fkk] tc og 'kke dks djhc 6-30 ih0,e0 ij ?kj vk;k rks mldk yM+dk ?kj ij ugha FkkA ikl iM+ksl o fj'rsnkjh esa cjkcj ryk'k dh gS irk u pyus ij mlus Fkkus esa xqe'kqnxh dh fjiksVZ dhA 5& mDr xqe'kqnxh dh fjiksVZ fn, tkus ds ckn oknh us fn0 10&4&2003 dks Fkkuk ujSuh] ftyk ckank esa bl vk'k; dh izkFkfedh nh fd yM+ds dh xqe'kqnxh dh fjiksVZ ds ckn ls vkt rd og vius yM+ds dh ryk'k dj jgk FkkA vkt fn0 10&4&2003 dks txnh'k izlkn (ih0MCyw0&2) o t;dju mQZ nn~nw (ih0MCyw0&3) us mls crk;k fd mu yksxksa us jkeujs'k] jktk Hkb;k o johUnz dks vejNh jksM ij fot; feJk ds [kfygku esa cSBs vkil esa ;g ckrsa djrs lquk gS fd mu yksxksa ls cgqr cM+h xyrh gks x;h gS tks mu yksxksa us ekrk izlkn ds yM+ds veksy flag dks ekjdj tehu esa xkM+ fn;k gS] vc ekrk izlkn ls iSlk dSls fy;k tk; D;ksafd :i;k ekaxus ij ;fn :i;k fey x;k rks yM+ds ds fo"k; esa D;k crk;saxs rFkk ;g Hkh dg jgs Fks fd jktkHkS;k ls :i;k fQjkSrh esa ysus ds fy, dgk Fkk exj irk ugha ;s D;k dj jgk gS] cgqr fnu gks x;s gSa dgha ekeyk [kqy x;k rks os rhuksa yksx tsy tk;saxsA bu yksxksa dh ckrsa tkudj mls iwjk fo'okl gks x;k fd mlds yM+ds dks mlh fnu jke ujs'k] johUnz o jktkHkS;k us ekjdj yk'k dks dgha xkM+ fn;k gSA vr% bu yksxksa ds f[kykQ dk;Zokgh dh tk;A 6& oknh dh rgjhj ds vk/kkj ij Fkkus esa fn0 10&4&2003 dks fnu esa 13-30 cts izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&8 fy[kh x;h rFkk vfHk;qDrx.k jkeujs'k] jktkHkS;k o johUnz ds fo:) 302@201 Hkk0na0la0 ds vUrxZr eqdnek dk;e fd;k x;k rFkk bl ekeys dh foospuk izHkkjh fujh{kd dksrokyh ujSuh Jh fljkt vgen [kka us dhA 7& foospd us eqyfte jke ujs'k dks fxjQ~rkj dj] mlds c;ku fy;s rFkk mlds tqeZ bdckyh yk'k o vkyk dRy gfFk;kj cjken djkus ds c;ku o mlh fnu 'ks"k uketn vfHk;qDr johUnz o jktkHkS;k dks jktkHkS;k ds edku ls fxjQ~rkj dj muds c;kuksa ds vk/kkj ij rhuksa eqyfteku o oknh dks lkFk ysdj eqyftekuksa dh fu'kkansgh ij veksy dk 'ko o vkyk dRy gfFk;kj jke ujs'k ds dkyksuh okys [kkyh ?kj ds vUnj ls cjken fd;kA ekSds ij gh QnZ cjkenxh vkyk dRy gfFk;kj o yk'k e`rd veksy flag] rS;kj dh x;h tks izn'kZ d&3 o izn'kZ d&4 gSaA blds i'pkr ?kVukLFky dk fujh{k.k djds uD'kk utjh izn'kZ d&10 cuk;k] [kwukywnk o lknh feV~Vh ysdj vyx&2 fMCcksa esa lhy eksgj djds QnZ izn'kZ d&5 cuk;hA foospd us fn0 10&4&2003 dks gh e`rd dk iapk;rukek izn'kZ d&6] QksVks uk'k izn'kZ d&11] uewuk lhy izn'kZ d&12] fpV~Bh lh0,e0vks0 izn'kZ d&13] fpV~Bh vkj0vkbZ0 izn'kZ d&14 o pkyku uk'k izn'kZ d&15 cuk;k rFkk yk'k dks iksLVekVZe gsrq dka0 jkeflag o ,p0lh0 jktsUnz izlkn }kjk ckank vLirky HkstkA foospd us lEiw.kZ foospuk lekIr djus ds i'pkr~ vfHk;qDrx.k ds fo:) fn0 28&4&2003 dks /kkjk 302@34] 201 Hkk0na0la0 ds vUrxZr vkjksi i= izn'kZ d&16 izsf"kr fd;kA 8& e`rd veksy flag ds 'ko dk 'ko foPNsnu ih0MCyw0&6 Mk0 vkj0 ih0 xqIrk] lnj vLirky ckank us fn0 11&4&2003 dks fd;k rFkk mlds 'kjhj ij e`R;q iwoZ dh fuEufyf[kr pksVsa ik;ha %& 1& dVk gqvk ?kko 11 X 1 lseh0 X gM~Mh dh xgjkbZ rd] xnZu ds ihNs dh vksj FkksM+k ck;ha vksj ekStwn Fkk] uhps dh ekal isf'k;k¡ jDr ufydk;sa vkj&ikj dV xbZ FkhaA ?kko dh Vsfyax ckbZ vksj o uhps dh vksj FkhA 2& dVk gqvk ?kko 10 X 5 X 1 lseh0 X gM~Mh dh xgjkbZ rd xnZu ls lkeus e/; Hkkx esa LVjuy uksp esa 3-5 lseh0 Åij ekStwn FkkA ?kko ds uhps VªSfp;k dSjksVkbM oSlsYl [kkus dh uyh ekal isf'k;ka vkj&ikj dV xbZ Fkha] ?kko frjNk ekStwn FkkA 3& dVk gqvk ?kko 12 X 13 lseh0 X gM~Mh dh xgjkbZ rd psgjs o xnZu eas ck;ha vksj frjNk ekStwn FkkA ck;sa tcMs+ dh gM~Mh esUMhcyk rFkk flEQk;fll dV x;s FksA ?kko ds uhps ekal isf'k;k¡ o jDr ufydk;sa dV xbZ FkhaA ?kko dh VSfyax uhps o ck;ha vksj FkhA fpfdRld ds vuqlkj e`rd dh e`R;q yxHkx 8&9 fnu iwoZ gksuk lEHko gSA 9& fo}ku eftLVªsV us izdj.k dks l= U;k;ky; }kjk fopkj.kh; gksus ds vk/kkj ij l= lqiqnZ fd;kA 10& fo}ku vij l= U;k;k/kh'k@Rofjr U;k;ky; la0&8] ckank }kjk mijksDr rhuksa vfHk;qDrx.k ds fo:) /kkjk 302@34 ,oa /kkjk 201 Hkk0na0la0 dk vkjksi yxk;k x;k] ftlls vfHk;qDrx.k us bUdkj fd;k vkSj ijh{k.k dh ekax dhA 11& vfHk;kstu i{k us vfHk;qDrx.k ds fo:) yxk;s x;s vkjksiksa dks fl) djus ds fy;s ekSf[kd lk{; esa oknh ekrk izlkn ih0 MCyw0&1] txnh'k izlkn ih0MCyw0&2] t; dju ih0MCyw0&3] jke izlkn ih0MCyw0&4] dYyw ih0MCyw0&5] Mk0 vkj0 ih0 xqIrk ih0MCyw0&6] gs0 dka0 j?kqo'akh jkBkSj ih0MCyw0&7] Jherh fd'kksjh iRuh oknh ekrk izlkn ih0MCyw0&8] foospd fljkt vgen [kka ih0MCyw0&9 rFkk dka0 eksgfjZj ghjkyky ih0MCyw0&10 dks ijhf{kr djk;kA 12& vfHk;qDrx.k us vius /kkjk 313 na0iz0la0 ds c;ku esa vfHk;kstu dFkkud dks xyr gksuk rFkk 'kd ds vk/kkj ij >wBk Q¡lk;k tkuk dgk gS rFkk vfHk;qDr johUnz us vius iz'u la0 12 esa dgk gS fd oknh ls fn0 1&2&2001 dks ekjihV gq;h Fkh] ftldk eqdnek Fkkuk ujSuh esa v0la0 9@2001 dk;e gqvk tks /kkjk 354] 504] 506 Hkk0na0la0 dk gSA og eqdnek lh0ts0,e0 ckank dh vnkyr esa fopkjk/khu gS] oknh ekrk izlkn dks pksV vkbZ Fkh] blh jaft'k ds vk/kkj ij mls >wBk Q¡lk fn;k gSA 13& geus vihykFkhZ johUnz ds fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh vkbZ0 ds0 prqosZnh] vihykFkhZ jke ujs'k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh ftrsUnz flag rFkk vihykFkhZ jktkHkS;k ds fo}ku vf/koDrk Jh 'kkjnk izlkn feJk dks ,oa m0 iz0 jkT; dh vksj ls fo}ku vij 'kkldh; vf/koDrk Jh vthr js ds rdksZ dks foLrkjiwoZd lquk rFkk i=koyh ij miyC/k leLr vfHkys[k] fopkj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr lHkh vfHkys[k ,oa iz'uxr fu.kZ; o vkns'k dk lE;d :is.k ifj'khyu fd;kA 14& vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls rdZ izLrqr fd;k x;k fd lHkh vihykFkhZx.k dks >wBk Q¡Wlk;k x;k gS( ;g dsl ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gS dksbZ izR;{k lk{; ugha gS( vfHk;qDrx.k dk veksy flag dks ekjus dk dksbZ gsrqd ugha gS( ?kVuk okyk DokVZj vfHk;qDr jke ujs'k dk ugha gS( vfHk;qDrx.k dh fu'kkansgh ij yk'k o vkyk dRy dh cjkenxh ugha gq;h( vfHk;qDr jkeujs'k ds fo:) **vfUre ckj** ns[kus dk dsl ugha curk gS( vfHk;qDr johUnz ls oknh dh fn0 1&2&2001 dks gq;h ekjihV ds laca/k esa v0la0 9@2001 ij /kkjk 354] 504] 506 Hkk0na0la0 dk tks eqdnek lh0ts0,e0 ds U;k;ky; esa yfEcr gS dh jaft'k ds vk/kkj ij mls >wBk Q¡lk;k x;k gS( ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ foyEc ls fy[kk;h x;h gS( ih0MCyw0&2 o 3 ds }kjk lM+d ls rhuksa vihykFkhZx.k ds bdckfy;k c;ku lacaf/kr xqQ~rxw dh ckr lquuk vlaHko gS( ih0MCyw0&1 ds c;ku ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDrx.k dh fxjQ~rkjh fn0 10&4&2003 dks 'kke dks 5 cts gksuk vkSj mudh fu'kkansgh ij yk'k 6 cts cjken gksuk crk;k x;k gS rks iapk;rukek dh dk;Zokgh mlh fnu 'kke 4 cts dSls izkjEHk gq;h( yk'k o vkyk dRy eqyftekuksa dh la;qDr fu'kkansgh ij cjkenxh voS/k gS( ih0MCyw0&2 txnh'k izlkn oknh ekrk izlkn dk lk 15& blds [k.Mu esa fo}ku vij 'kkldh; vf/koDrk us rdZ izLrqr fd;k fd oknh dks chek dh 15000@& dh fdLr feyh Fkh ftls Ms<+ yk[k le>dj fQjkSrh ikus ds mn~ns'; ls veksy flag dk vigj.k djds dRy fd;k x;k gS( foospd }kjk rhuksa eqyftekuksa dh fu'kkansgh ij] xokgksa dh ekStwnxh esa] jkeujs'k ds DokVZj ls gh veksy flag dh yk'k cjken dh x;h gS rFkk mDr DokVZj dh pkHkh jkeujs'k ds ikl gh Fkh rFkk uD'kk utjh esa Hkh mDr DokVZj jkeujs'k dk gh fn[kk;k x;k gS] bl izdkj og DokVZj jkeujs'k dk gksuk lkfcr gS( vfHk;qDr johUnz ls oknh dk fn0 1&2&2001 dk ekjihV dk dsl xaHkhj izd`fr dk ugha gSa ftldh jaft'k ds dkj.k oknh vius iq= dh gR;k tSls ekeys esa lgh eqyfteksa dks NksM+dj eqyfte johUnz dks Q¡lk;s( ekeys ds rF;ksa ,oa ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ns[krs gq, ?kVuk dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fy[kkus esa dksbZ foyEc ugha gS( vfHk;qDrx.k ds tqeZ bdckyh o cjkenxh djkus ds c;ku vyx&vyx fy[ks x;s gSa blfy, bls la;qDr cjkenxh dh Js.kh esa ugha ekuk tk ldrk( ;|fi ih0MCyw0&8 dk uke vkjksii= esa foospd us =qfVo'k ugha fy[kk fQj Hkh p¡wfd /kkjk 161 na0iz0la0 esa mldk c;ku gqvk gS blfy, mls U;k;ky; esa ijhf{kr djk;k x;k gSA 16& vfHk;kstu i{k dk dsl ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gSA blesa ns[kuk gksxk fd D;k vfHk;kstu i{k us mu lHkh lk{;ksa dh ,slh dM+h fijksdj U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr dh gS ftlds vk/kkj ij ;g U;k;ky; bl vfUre fu"d"kZ ij igq¡p lds fd vfHk;qDrx.k us gh ml vijk/k dks vatke fn;kA Padala Veera Reddy Vs. State of Andhra Pradesh 1991 SCC (Crl.) 407 rFkk Vithal Eknath Adlinge Vs. State of Maharashtra, AIR 2009 SC 2067 ,oa vU; reke fofu.kZ;ksa esa eku~uh; mPpre U;k;ky; us ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd ;fn dksbZ dsl ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gS rks mls uhps of.kZr VsLV ds vuq:i lk{; izLrqr djuk gksxkA "(1) The circumstances from which an inference of guilt is sought to be drawn, must be cogently and firmly established;
(2) those circumstances should be of a definite tendency unerringly pointing towards guilt of the accused;
(3) the circumstances, taken cumulatively, should form a chain so complete that there is no escape from the conclusion that within all human probability the crime was committed by the accused and none else; and (4) the circumstantial evidence in order to sustain conviction must be complete and incapable of explanation of any other hypothesis than that of the guilt of the accused and such evidence should not only be consistent with the guilt of the accused but should be inconsistent with his innocence."
17& mDr izLrqr fl)kUrksa ds i`"BHkwfe esa orZeku dsl dks Hkh ns[kk tk,xkA bl dsl esa veksy flag fn0 2&4&2003 dh 'kke dks ykirk gks x;k FkkA ih0MCyw0&8 fd'kksjh] tks fd veksy flag dh ekrk ,oa oknh dh iRuh gS] us vius c;ku esa crk;k gS fd djhc 6 ekg iwoZ 'kke ds djhc 4&5 cts vfHk;qDr jke ujs'k mlds iq= veksy flag dks viuh lkbZfdy ds dSfj;j ij cSBkdj vejNh jksM dh vksj vius ?kj dh rjQ ys x;k Fkk] blds ckn mldk yM+dk ugha feykA fQj 9 fnu ckn mlds yM+ds veksy flag dh yk'k jke ujs'k ds ?kj ls feyh FkhA viuh izfrijh{kk esa Hkh xokg us bUgha ckrksa dh iqf"V dh gSA ih0MCyw0&8 us izfrijh{kk esa crk;k gS fd ml fnu mlds ifr o llqj fnu esa djhc nks& ko dks xyr crk;k gS fd mlus vius yM+ds dks jke ujs'k ds lkFk tkrs gq, u ns[kk gks ;k vc og bl ckr dks vius ifr o odhy ds crkus ds vk/kkj ij crk jgh gksA 18& ih0MCyw0&1 ekrk izlkn us fn0 3&4&2003 dks fy[kk;h x;h xqe'kqnxh fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&1 dh iqf"V dh gS vkSj crk;k gS fd ftl fnu mldk yM+dk xqe gqvk ml fnu og VsjhdkV dh [kkdh iSUV o lQsn jax dh 'kVZ igus FkkA bl xokg us ih0MCyw0&8 ds dFkuksa dh iqf"V dh gS fd [ksr dh dVkbZ djus ds ckn mldh iRuh igys ?kj ij vk x;h Fkh vkSj xokg us bl lq>ko dks xyr crk;k gS fd og o mldh iRuh 3&4 cts nksigj [ksrksa dh dVkbZ dj jgs FksA xokg us crk;k gS fd mldh iRuh us mls crk;k Fkk fd tc og ?kj ls 3&4 cts nksigj [ksr tk jgh Fkh rc mlus veksy flag dks jke ujs'k ds lkFk lkbZfdy ij cSBs gq, ns[kk Fkk vkSj jke ujs'k ds ;gk¡ mldk vkuk tkuk Fkk vkSj jke ujs'k mlds cPps dks vDlj lkbZfdy esa cSBkdj ?kqekrk Fkk] blfy, ml ij dksbZ lansg ugha gqvk vkSj tc og fjiksVZ fy[kkus x;k Fkk rHkh ;g ckr mlus njksxk th dks crk;h FkhA ysfdu ;g ckr mlus xqe'kqnxh dh fjiksVZ esa ugha fy[kk;h FkhA ;|fi xokg us dgk gS fd jkeujs'k ds }kjk mlds iq= dks lkbZfdy ls ?kqekus okyh ckr fjiksVZ esa fy[kh Fkh o c;kuksa esa Hkh crk;h Fkh ysfdu ;g ckr u rks fjiksVZ esa gS vkSj u c;kuksa esa gSA ysfdu ge bl fuf'pr jk; ds gSa fd blls eqdnesa ds xq.k&nks"k ij dksbZ foijhr izHkko ugha iM+ jgk gS D;ksafd ml le; rd oknh dks jkeujs'k ij dksbZ 'kd gh ugha FkkA 19& ih0MCyw0&1 us vkxs crk;k gS fd jkeujs'k dk ?kj mlds ?kj ls ikap ?kj ckn gh gS vkSj mlus fn0 2&4&2003 dh jkr 9&10 cts jkeujs'k ls yM+ds ds lEcU/k esa iwNrkaN dh FkhA jke ujs'k us veksy flag dks lkbZfdy ij ys tkuk Lohdkj fd;k Fkk fdUrq mlus ;g Hkh dgk Fkk fd mlus veksy flag dks vius ?kj ds ikl NksM+ fn;k FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa og vius iM+kslh jkeujs'k] ftlls mlds lEcU/k BhdBkd gSa] ds fo:) fjiksVZ dSls fy[kk ldrk Fkk] vr% ;g Li"Vhdj.k i;kZIr gSA 20& ih0MCyw0&1 us viuh izfrijh{kk esa ;g Hkh crk;k gS fd mlus vius xk¡o ds dYyw (ih0MCyw0&5) ls Hkh yM+ds ds ckjs esa fn0 3&4&2003 dks ekywekr dh FkhA dYyw us mls crk;k Fkk fd tc og fn0 2&4&2003 dks [kfygku esa [ksr dkV jgk Fkk] rc mlus veksy flag dks vkrs tkrs ns[kk Fkk] ml le; 3 ls 5 cts ds chp dk le; Fkk vkSj mlus jkeujs'k dks veksy flag dks lkbZfdy ls ys tkrs gq, o vius njokts ij mrkjrs gq, ns[kk FkkA 21& ih0MCyw0&5 dYyw us crk;k gS fd mlus Hkkxor if.Mr dk [ksr caVkbZ ij fy;k FkkA ;g [ksr jkeujs'k ds DokVZj ds lkeus gSA djhc 6 ekg iwoZ og [ksr ij dVkbZ djus 3 cts nksigj x;k Fkk vkSj 7 cts rd dVkbZ djrk jgkA yxHkx 5 cts 'kke vfHk;qDrx.k jktkHkS;k dks mRrj rjQ ls o johUnz dks nf{k.k rjQ ls iSny vkrs gq;s o jkeujs'k ds DokVZj ds vUnj tkrs gq, ns[kk Fkk vkSj blds djhc vk/kk ?kUVk ckn jkeujs'k] ekrk izlkn ds yM+ds veksy flag dks lkbZfdy esa cSBkdj yk;k] lkbZfdy [kM+h djds yM+ds dks ?kj ds vUnj ys x;k] yxHkx ikSu ;k ,d ?kUVs ckn johUnz] jkeujs'k o jktkHkS;k ?kj ls fudys] ysfdu muds lkFk yM+dk veksy flag ckgj ugha fudyk] fQj ;g yksx ogk¡ ls pys x;sA 22& bl izdkj ih0MCyw0&1] ih0MCyw0&5 ,oa ih0MCyw0&8 ds c;ku ls ;g lkfcr gqvk fd fn0 2&4&2003 dh 'kke dks veksy flag xk;c gks x;k vkSj ml le; mls vfHk;qDr jkeujs'k viuh lkbZfdy ls vius DokVZj ys tk jgk FkkA bl izdkj e`rd veksy flag dks jkeujs'k ds lkFk vfUre ckj ns[kk x;kA fn0 2&4&2003 dh 'kke ls fn0 9&4&2003 rd veksy flag ds ckjs esa oknh ;k iqfyl dks dqN irk ugha pyrk gSA 23& fn0 10&4&2003 dks tc ih0MCyw0&3 t;dju mQZ nn~nw o ih0MCyw0&2 txnh'k izlkn lqcg djhc 9&10 cts xzke iqaxjh vk jgs Fks vkSj fot; feJk ds [kfygku ds ikl igq¡ps rks ogk¡ ij vfHk;qDr jkeujs'k] jktkHkS;k o johUnz dks cSBs gq, ckrsa djrs lquk fd mu yksxksa us ekrk izlkn ds yM+ds dks ekj Mkyk gS] ekrk izlkn ls Ms<+ yk[k :i;k fQjkSrh ds dSls feys] yM+ds dks ekjdj dkyksuh esa xkM+ fn;k gS] vc os yksx Q¡l tk,axsA rc ih0MCyw0&2 o ih0MCyw0&3 us tkdj ekrk izlkn dks mijksDr lkjh ckrsa crkbZA ih0 MCyw0&2 o ih0 MCyw0&3 us viuh izfrijh{kk esa Hkh bu lHkh dFkuksa dh iqf"V dh gSA dsoy dqN NksVh&NksVh ckrksa ij gh fHkUurk gSA 24& tgk¡ rd bl ckr dk iz'u gS fd D;k ih0 MCyw0&2 o 3 }kjk vfHk;qDrx.k }kjk fn0 10&4&2003 dh lqcg [kfygku esa bl ?kVuk ds laca/k esa dh x;h ckrphr dks lquk tkuk laHko FkkA bl ckjs esa geus ih0MCyw0&2 o 3 ds c;kuksa dk xgurk ls fo'ys"k.k fd;k gSA ;g lgh gS fd foospd us ml LFkku dk uD'kk utjh ugha cuk;k gS] tgk¡ ;g eqyfteku vkil esa cSBs gq, ckr dj jgs Fks vkSj vius tqeZ dk bdcky dj jgs Fks vkSj tgk¡ ls bu nksuksa xokgksa us bu rhuksa eqyftekuksa dh ckrksa dks lquk gSA ;g foospd dk drZO; Fkk fd og ml LFkku dk uD'kk utjh cukrs] ysfdu foospd ds }kjk dh x;h ykijokgh ds vk/kkj ij vfHk;qDrx.k dks nks"k eqDr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA 25& ih0MCyw0&2 o ih0MCyw0&3 us crk;k gS fd mUgksaus eqyfteku dks ,d&nks ykBh nwj ls ns[kk FkkA xokg us crk;k gS fd tc mUgksaus mudh mDr ckr lquh Fkh ml le; eqyfte [kfygku esa cSBs Fks vkSj vfHk;qDrksa us mUgas ugha ns[kk Fkk vkSj muds chp cs'kje ds isM+ksa dh vkM+ Fkh vkSj os lM+d ij Åij FksA tgk¡ ij eqyfteku cSBs Fks] ogk¡ ls lM+d dk vkneh fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk Fkk vkSj ogk¡ ls lM+d dh ckr eqyfteku dks lquk;h ugha nsxhA p¡wfd ih0MCyw0&2 o 3 ds }kjk mu lquh gq;h ckrksa ds vk/kkj ij gh vfHk;qDr jkeujs'k ds DokVZj esa nQu dh x;h veksy flag dh yk'k o xaMklk cjken gq;h gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa bl ckr dh vo/kkj.kk Hkh dh tk,xh fd eqyfteku ml LFkku ij cSBdj vkil esa mDr xqQ~rxw dj jgs Fks vkSj veksy flag ds dRy djus dk vQlksl dj jgs FksA mudk ;g vkpj.k ,slk vge dne gS ftlds vk/kkj ij vfHk;kstu dgkuh vkxs c<+h gSA ih0MCyw0&9 foospd us Li"V dgk gS fd xqe'kqnxh dh tkap pkSdh bapktZ djry lyhe [kka dj jgs FksA fn0 10&4&2003 ds igys veksy flag ds ckjs esa dksbZ tkudkjh ugha gq;h FkhA ;g dFku Hkh ih0MCyw0&1 ds bu dFkuksa dh iqf"V djrk gS fd ih0MCyw0&2 o 3 ds }kjk lwpuk nsus ds ckn gh iwjk ekeyk [kqyk gS vkSj rHkh veksy flag dh yk'k ds ckjs esa fofnr gqvk gS] bu lcls Li"V gks jgk gS fd vfHk;kstu i{k LoPN gkFkksa ls U;k;ky; ds le{k vk;k gSA 26& bu nksuksa xokgksa ds c;kuksa esa ,slk dksbZ dFku ugha vk;k gS ftlls ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk tk lds fd budh dksbZ jaft'k vfHk;qDrx.k ls gks] ftlds dkj.k os muds fo:) >wBk lk{; ns jgs gksaA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls dgk x;k gS fd oknh ekrk izlkn ih0MCyw0&2 ls viuh fj'rsnkjh fNik jgk gS tcfd og nksuksa lk wBh xokgh ns jgk gSA ge bl rdZ ls lger ugha gSaA ih0MCyw0&1 o ih0MCyw0&2 ds c;kuksa ds vk/kkj ij ;g Li"V gks jgk gS fd ih0MCyw0&2 txnh'k izlkn oknh ds HkkbZ dk fj'rsnkjh esa lk wBh xokgh ns jgk gSA 27& tgk¡ rd ih0MCyw0&1 oknh o ih0MCyw0&3 t;dju ds vkilh fj'rksa dk iz'u gS] ih0MCyw0&1 us crk;k gS fd t;dju ds ;gk¡ mldk ?kVuk ls igys vkuk tkuk ugha Fkk] u esy tksy Fkk] ysfdu og mlds xk¡o dk gSA ?kVuk ds ckn ls vkuk tkuk o esy tksy gSA bu dFkuksa ls lkfcr gqvk fd tc ih0MCyw0&3 us oknh dks vkdj mlds yM+ds ds dRy o cjkenxh ds laca/k esa ckr crk;h mlds ckn ls gh oknh dk bl xokg ds ;gk¡ vkuk tkuk gqvk gS vr% ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd mu nksuksa ds chp igys ls dksbZ laca/k Fkk ftlds dkj.k ih0MCyw0&3 >wBh xokgh ns jgk gksA 28& ih0MCyw0&2 us crk;k gS fd og vfHk;qDr johUnz dks ?kVuk ds igys ls tkurk Fkk] vfHk;qDr jkeujs'k o jktk Hkb;k dks 4&6&8 lky ls tkurk FkkA ih0MCyw0&2 us crk;k gS fd mldh ;k ih0MCyw0&3 dh ml le; eqyfteku ls dksbZ ckrphr ugha gq;h vkSj os ogk¡ ls oknh dks crkus pys x;s FksA 29& ih0MCyw0&3 dks ;g lq>ko fn;k x;k gS fd mlus rhuksa eqyftekuksa dh ckrksa dks tks muds tqeZ bdckfy;k ls lacaf/kr gSa dks u lquk gksA xokg us bl lq>ko dks xyr crk;k gSA ysfdu xokg dks ;g lq>ko ugha fn;k x;k gS fd fot; feJk ds dfFkr [kfygku ij ;g eqyfteku ml fnu o dfFkr le; ij u cSBs jgs gksa ;k ,sls bdckfy;k tqeZ dh ckrphr u dj jgs gksaA bl lq>ko dks u nsdj vfHk;qDrx.k viuh rhuksa dh mifLFkfr fn0 10&4&2003 dks lqcg 9 cts ds djhc fot; feJk ds [kfygku esa gksuk Lohdkj dj jgs gSaA lq>koksa ds ek/;e ls j[kk x;k cpko i{k dk D;k egRo gksxk] bl lEcU/k esa jkts'k ukenso cuke LVsV vkQ egkjk"Vªk] 2002¼4½ egk0 yk0t0 267 ¼ckEcs½ rFkk fljey cuke vUuiwukZ nsoh] ,-vkbZ-vkj- 1963 lqizhe dksVZ 1906 fofu.kZ;ksa esa dgk x;k gS fd izfrijh{kk djuk dsoy ,d vkSipkfjdrk ugha gS] cfYd izfrijh{kk esa vfHk;qDr dks viuk dsl izLrqr djuk pkfg, vU;Fkk vfHk;kstu i{k ds xokgksa dk dFku fcuk pqukSrh ds ekuk tk;sxkA ysfdu tks dFku vfHk;qDr lq>koksa ds ek/;e ls izLrqr dj jgk gS] os dFku ;k rks vfHk;kstu i{k ds lk{; ls Lor% lkfcr gksa vU;Fkk vfHk;qDr mUgsa lkfcr djsA bl dsl esa vfHk;qDrx.k vius cpko i{k dks lkfcr ugha dj ik jgs gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa vfHk;kstu i{k ds xokgksa dh fo'oluh;rk c<+ tkrh gSA 30& blh lEcU/k esa tslq vlhj flag cuke jkT; ¼2007½12 ,llhlh 19] pqUuh yky }kjdk ukFk cuke gkVZ QksMZ Qk;j bUlksjsUl da0 fy0] ,0 vkb0 vkj0 1958 iatkc 440 fofu.kZ; egRoiw.kZ gSaA bl lEcU/k esa jkds'k dqekj mQZ ccyh cuke LVsV vkQ gfj;k.kk] 1987] fØ0 ,y0 ts0 535] ,l0lh0 dk fofu.kZ; egRoiw.kZ gS ftlesa bl ckr dks dgk x;k gS fd vfHk;qDrx.k dh vksj ls izfrijh{kk esa fn, x, lq>koksa esa ;fn dksbZ dFku vkrk gS rks mldk viuk ,d fo'ks"k egRo gSA blh lEcU/k esa ds0 ,u0 esgjk cuke LVsV vkQ jktLFkku] ,0 vkbZ0 vkj0 1957 ,l0 lh0 369 rFkk ;wlqQ vyh cuke LVsV vkQ egkjk"Vªk] ,0 vkbZ0vkj0 1968 ,l0lh0 147 egRoiw.kZ gSa] ftuesa Hkh ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us vfHkfu/kZkfjr fd;k gS fd tgk¡¡ vfHk;qDr izfrijh{kk ds nkSjku vfHk;kstu i{k ds lkf{k;ksa ls viuk cpko i{k izLrqr ugha djrs gSa rks cpko i{k dks ckn esa lkspk le>k ekudj fujLr fd;k tk ldrk gSA mDr fofu.kZ;ksa ds vk/kkj ij vc vfHk;qDrx.k dh ml LFky ij ekStwnxh lkfcr gS o mudk ;g dFku ckn esa lkspk le>k dgk gksuk ekuk tk,xk fd mUgsa >wBk Q¡lk;k x;k gS vkSj os dfFkr LFky ij ,slh dksbZ ckr ugha dj jgs FksA 31& ih0MCyw0&2 txnh'k izlkn bl ckr dh Hkh iqf"V djrk gS fd iqfyl us mlds lkeus igys jke ujs'k dks idM+k vkSj jke ujs'k us mlds lkeus iqfyl dks ;g c;ku fn;k Fkk fd mlus] jktkHkS;k o johUnz us veksy flag dks ekj fn;k gS vkSj yk'k lhy gksus ds ckn tc ck¡nk ds fy, jokuk gks x;h rc og Hkh ogk¡ ls vius ?kj pyk x;k vkSj njksxk th us mlds c;ku fy;s FksA 32& ih0 Mcyw0&2 o 3 dh lwpuk ds ckn ih0MCyw0&1 ds }kjk fy[kkbZ x;h bl izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ds ckn foospukf/kdkjh us eq[kfoj dh lwpuk ij fd jke ujs'k vius [ksr esa Qly dkV jgk gS] mls [ksr esa tkdj fxjQ~rkj fd;k vkSj oknh ds lkeus jkeujs'k us ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd mlus] jktk HkS;k o johUnz ds lkFk feydj vejNh jksM fLFkr dkyksuh okys edku esa veksy flag dks ekjdj xkM+ fn;k gS] bl edku esa eos'kh cka/ks tkrs gSa tks jkeujs'k ds fjgk;'kh okys edku ls FkksM+h nwj ij vyx gSA jke ujs'k dks idM+us ds ckn iqfyl us jktkHkS;k o johUnz dks jktkHkS;k ds ?kj ls idM+k] mUgksaus Hkh tqeZ dk bdcky fd;k o yk'k cjkenxh djkus dh ckr dghA 33& bu rhuksa eqyftekuksa dks ysdj iqfyl ?kVuk LFky ij igq¡phA ih0MCyw0&1 us crk;k gS fd mlds lkeus o xk¡o ds reke yksxksa ds lkeus rhuksa eqyfteku us yk'k rFkk ,d xaMklk] tks ogha dejs esa lu ds iwM+k esa fNik Fkk] dks fudkydj iqfyl dks fn;k rFkk eqyfteku us crk;k Fkk fd blh xaMklk ls mUgksaus veksy flag dks ekjk gSA ih0MCyw0&1 ds bu leLr dFkuksa dh iqf"V ih0MCyw0&9 foospd us Hkh vius c;kuksa esa dh gS vkSj crk;k gS fd eqyftekuksa us vius izdVhdj.k c;ku ds ckn vkyk dRy o yk'k jkeujs'k ds dejs okys LFkku ls gh cjken djk;s FksA 34& ih0MCyw0&1 us viuh izfrijh{kk esa dgk gS fd eqyfteku tgk¡ cSBdj ckrsa dj jgs Fks og LFkku mlus ns[kk o njksxkth dks fn0 10&4&2003 dks fnu esa 2&3 cts fn[kk;k FkkA ;g [kfygku xk¡o ls 20&25 dne nwj gksxkA og DokVZj ftlesa mlds yM+ds dh yk'k feyh] ds mRrj yksVu /kksch dk DokVZj gS rFkk yksVu /kksch ls yxk gqvk mRrj tks/kk /kksch dk DokVZj gS] bu lc DokVZj esa dksbZ jgrk ugha gS flQZ eos'kh ck¡/ks tkrs gSaA DokVZj dk rkRi;Z dejs ls gSA ih0MCyw0&1 dks vfHk;qDrx.k dh vksj ls lq>ko fn;k x;k gS fd mlds yM+ds dh yk'k jkeujs'k ds DokVZj ls u feyh gks cfYd yksVu /kksch ds DokVZj ls feyh gksA ;|fi bl lq>ko dks ih0MCyw0&1 us xyr crk;k gS] ysfdu bl lq>ko dks nsdj vfHk;qDrx.k fn0 10&4&2003 dh 'kke veksy flag dh yk'k dk ogha dkyksuh (DokVZj) ls cjken gksuk Lohdkj dj jgs gSaA ih0MCyw0&1 dk cgqr LokHkkfod c;ku U;k;ky; ds le{k vk;k gS fd og yk'k cjkenxh ds igys vpsrkoLFkk esa ugha Fkk ysfdu yk'k dks ns[krs gh og vpsr gks x;k FkkA blls lkfcr gS fd vfHk;qDr jkeujs'k ds dejs ls yk'k cjkenxh ds le; oknh ekStwn FkkA ih0MCyw0&1 ds c;kuksa esa ekewyh fHkUurk;sa vk;h gSa ftudk vkuk LokHkkfod gSA xqe'kqnxh dh fjiksVZ o nwljs fnu iM+kslh o vPNs lEcU/k okys O;fDr ds }kjk iq= dk dRy fd;s tkus ls ekufld lUrqyu cus jguk cgqr eqf'dy dk;Z gSA 35& vc dsoy ;g ns[kuk gS fd og txg jkeujs'k dh gS vFkok yksVu /kksch dh gSA lHkh xokgksa ds c;kuksa ls ;g lkfcr gks jgk gS fd ftl LFkku ls vkyk dRy xaMklk o yk'k cjken gq;h gS og jke ujs'k dh txg gS] yksVu /kksch dh txg ugha gSA blds mRrj okyk tks DokVZj uD'kk utjh esa fn[kk;k x;k gS og yksVu /kksch dk gS] bl ckr dh iqf"V ih0MCyw0&9 foospukf/kdkjh fljkt vgen [kk¡ us Hkh dh gSA ih0MCyw0&9 us Hkh bl lq>ko dks xyr crk;k gS fd tgk¡ ls mUgksaus yk'k dh cjkenxh dh gS og DokVZj yksVu /kksch dk gks vkSj xokg us Li"V dgk gS fd ftl dejs ls yk'k cjken gq;h Fkh] uD'kk utjh esa Hkh mlds ekfyd dk uke jke ujs'k fn[kk;k gSA 36& vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls yk'k cjkenxh ds le; mifLFkr xokgksa dks ;g lq>ko ugha fn;k x;k gS fd ;g yk'k dfFkr ?kVukLFky ls cjken u gq;h gksA dsoy ;g dguk fd cjkenxh okyh txg yksVu /kksch dh gks] i;kZIr ugha gSA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa vfHk;kstu i{k ds dFku dks vLohdkj djus dk dksbZ dkj.k izrhr ugha gks jgk gS vkSj vihykFkhZx.k ;g lkfcr djus esa vlQy jgs gSa fd og txg jke ujs'k dh u gksA vr% eqyfteku dk ;g dFku ckn esa lkspk le>k ekudj [kkfjt fd;k tkrk gSA bUgha ckrksa dks eku~uh; mPpre U;k;ky; us K.N. Mehra Vs. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1957 SC 369; Yusuf Ali Vs. State of Maharashtra, AIR 1968 SC 147 esa dgk gSA 37& bl laca/k esa vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls u rks Lo;a ijhf{kr gksdj dgk x;k gS fd ;g txg yksVu /kksch dh gS jkeujs'k dh ugha gS vkSj u dksbZ vU; lQkbZ lk{; izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA 38& ih0MCyw0&8 us Hkh blh dFku dh iqf"V dh gS fd ukSeh ds fnu mlds yM+ds dh yk'k jke ujs'k ds ?kj ls feyh Fkh] ysfdu mls ;g ugha ekywe fd dkSu lk fgLlk tkuojksa okyk gS dkSu lk fjgk;'kh gS] D;ksafd og muds ?kj dHkh ugha x;hA vihykFkhZx.k dk ;g rdZ fd og fgLlk fjgk;'kh gS ;k tkuojksa okyk gS tc ;g ckr xokg dks ugha irk gS] rks blls Hkh og LFkku jkeujs'k dk lkfcr ugha gSA ge bl rdZ ls lger ugha gSa D;ksafd xokg us Lo;a Li"V dj fn;k gS fd og jkeujs'k ds ?kj dHkh ugha x;h] blls eqdnes ds xq.k&nks"k ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rkA og LFkku eqyfte jkeujs'k vius jgus ds fy, bLrseky djrk Fkk ;k eosf'k;ksa dks j[kus ds fy, djrk Fkk ;g egRoghu gSA 39& ih0MCyw0&4 jkeizlkn bl yk'k o xaMkls dh cjkenxh dk xokg gSA mlus crk;k gS fd xk¡o ds ekrk izlkn (oknh) dk yM+dk veksy flag djhc 6 ekg iwoZ xqe gks x;k Fkk] mldh yk'k ukSeh ds fnu feyh Fkh vkSj njksxk th us mls o f'ko uanu feJk dks cqyk;k FkkA njksxk th mls vejNh jksM jke ujs'k dh dkyksuh esa cus dejs ds ikl feys Fks] ogk¡ ekrk izlkn Hkh Fkk vkSj xk¡o ds vkSj yksx Hkh ig¡qp x;s Fks] muds lkeus eqyfteku us crk;k Fkk fd mUgksaus ekrk izlkn ds yM+ds veksy flag dks :i;k ysus ds pDdj esa xaMkls ls dkVdj ekj Mkyk gS vkSj mldks viuh dkyksuh okys dejs esa ekjdj xkM+ fn;s gSa] pfy;s yk'k fudkydj nsrs gSaA rc eqyfteku us vkxs pydj o jkeujs'k us dkyksuh okys dejs dk rkyk [kksydj dejs esa ls gkFk ls [kksn dj yk'k fudkyhA bu dFkuksa ls Li"V gS fd bu eqyftekuksa us iqu% bl xokg ds lkeus Hkh vius tqeZ dk bdcky djrs gq, yk'k vkfn dh cjkenxh djkus dk c;ku fn;k gSA jkeujs'k us ogha lu ds xV~Bs ls xaMklk fudkydj fn;kA blls Li"V gks x;k fd blh jkeujs'k ds LokfeRo okys LFkku ls yk'k o xaMklk feyk gS] yksVu /kksch okys LFkku ls ughaA xokg us xaMkls dh QnZ izn'kZ d&3 o yk'k cjkenxh dh QnZ izn'kZ d&4 dh iqf"V dh gS rFkk lknh o [kwukywnk feV~Vh dh QnZ cukus o vius gLrk{kj cukus o iapk;rukesa dh dk;Zokgh ds ckjs esa Hkh crk;k gSA bl xokg dh izfrijh{kk esa ,slk dksbZ dFku ugha vk;k gS ftldk ykHk vfHk;qDrx.k dks fn;k tk ldsA rhuksa QnZ izn'kZ d&3] d&4 ,oa d&5 ij vius o xokg f'kouanu o eqyftekuksa ds gLrk{kj ds ckjs esa ih0MCyw0&4 ds c;kuksa ls ;g Li"V gks jgk gS fd ;g xokg ekSds ij mifLFkr Fkk vkSj blds lkeus gh ;g lHkh QnsZ cuk;h x;h gSaA xokg us bl ckr dh iqf"V dh gS fd foospukf/kdkjh us mldk o f'kouanu dk c;ku cjkenxh ds 2 fnu ckn fy;k gSA bl ckr dh iqf"V Lo;a ih0MCyw0&9 us vius ftjg esa dh gSA 40& ih0MCyw0&4 dk dFku gS fd ;g rhuksa fy[kki<+h vyx&vyx dh x;h Fkh] ysfdu mls ;g /;ku ugha gS fd mu dkxtksa ij njksxk th us eqyfteku ds gLrk{kj djk;s Fks ;k ughaA izn'kZ d&3 QnZ cjkenxh xaMklk ij dsoy vfHk;qDr jkeujs'k ds gLrk{kj gSa] 'ks"k nksuksa QnZ izn'kZ d&4 o d&5 ij vfHk;qDrx.k ds gLrk{kj ugha gSaA foospd us vius c;kuksa esa crk;k gS fd vkyk dRy xaMkls dh cjkenxh izn'kZ d&3 ij flQZ vfHk;qDr jke ujs'k dk gLrk{kj gSA vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls dgk x;k gS fd tc rhuksa vfHk;qDrksa us vkyk dRy dh cjkenxh djk;h rks QnZ cjkenxh ij rhuksaa vfHk;qDrksa ds gLrk{kj D;ksa ugha djk;s x;sA xokg us bl ckr dk Li"Vhdj.k fn;k gS fd p¡wfd vkyk dRy jkeujs'k dh fu'kkansgh ij cjken gqvk Fkk] blfy, dsoy mlh ds gLrk{kj djk;s FksA yk'k cjkenxh dh QnZ izn'kZ d&4 esa fdlh Hkh vfHk;qDr ds gLrk{kj ugha gSaA blls lkfcr gks jgk gS fd xokg fo'oluh; gS] vkSj ml le; mldh ekStwnxh lkfcr gks jgh gSA 41& vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls dgk x;k gS fd pw¡fd vfHk;qDrx.k us yk'k dh cjkenxh ugha djk;h] blh dkj.k bl ij muds gLrk{kj ugha djk;s x;sA p¡wfd ih0MCyw0&1 dks gh vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ;g lq>ko fn;k x;k gS fd ;g cjkenxh jkeujs'k ds dkyksuh (edku) esa u gksdj cfYd yksVu /kksch ds dejs ls gks jgh gSA vr% cjkenxh dks vihykFkhZx.k viuh vksj ls xokg dks fn, x, lq>ko ls gh Lohdkj dj jgs gSaA vkSj oSls Hkh bu nksuksa cjkenfx;ksa ij ih0MCyw0&4 jke izlkn ds gLrk{kj gSa] bu nksuksa QnZ cjkenfx;ksa dks ih0MCyw0&4 o Lo;a foospd ih0MCyhw0&9 lkfcr dj jgs gSaA vr% lansg dh dksbZ xqatkb'k ugha jg tkrh gSA vr% dsoy eqyftekuksa ds gLrk{kj bl QnZ cjkenxh ij u fy;s tkus ls gh cjkenxh >wBh ;k QthZ ugha ekuh tk ldrhA oSls Hkh foospd ds fy;s ;g vko';d ugha gS fd ,slh QnZ cjkenxh cukrs le; og vfHk;qDr ds gLrk{kj djk;sa vkSj u muds fy;s cjkenxh djkus ls lacaf/kr c;ku ij gLrk{kj ysuk vko';d gS vkSj ;fn gLrk{kj ys fy;s x;s gSa rks mls voS/kkfud ugha dgk tk ldrk] tSlk fd State of Rajasthan v. Teja Ram, 1999 CrLJ 2588 esa dgk x;k gSA 42& ih0MCyw0&4 us dgk gS fd jkeujs'k dh dkyksuh ds if'pe 150 dne nwj mldk ?kj gS] chp esa fdlh ds ?kj ugha gSa vkSj oknh ekrk izlkn dk ?kj bl dkyksuh esa mRrj Ms<+ ikSus nks lkS dne nwj gksxkA ih0MCyw0&4 us ?kVuk LFky okys dejs dh yEckbZ yxHkx 15 QqV o pkSM+kbZ yxHkx 8 QqV crk;k gS] ftldh iqf"V foospd ds c;kuksa ls gks jgh gSA ih0MCyw0&4 us bl ckr dh Hkh iqf"V dh gS fd yk'k ij gkQ 'kVZ o [kkdh iSUV cjken gqvk Fkk vkSj yM+ds ds ,d gkFk esa Mksjk ca/kk Fkk rFkk og cfu;ku igus FkkA bu lc ckrksa dh iqf"V iapk;rukek ls gks jgh gS] ftlls bl xokg dh ekStwnxh yk'k dh cjkenxh ds le; lkfcr gks jgh gSA bl xokg us Li"V dgk gS fd ftl dejs ls yk'k feyh mlds mRrj yksVu /kksch dk DokVZj gS rFkk mlds mRrj tks/kk /kksch dk DokVZj gSA uD'kk utjh o iapk;rukek esa Hkh blh LFkku ij iwjh cjkenxh dk ftdz gSA blls ?kVukLFky lkfcr gks x;k gS fd ;g yk'k o xaMklk yksVu /kksch ds DokVZj esa u feydj cfYd jke ujs'k ds dejs ls gh feys gSaA vr% vfHk;qDrx.k dh vksj ls fn;k x;k ;g lq>ko fd ;g yk'k yksVu /kksch ds DokVZj esa feyh] ;g ckr bl xokg ds c;ku ls Hkh lkfcr ugha gks jgh gSA 43& ih0MCyw0&1 oknh us ih0MCyw0&4 jkeizlkn dks vius pkpk fl;kjke dk iq= gksuk crk;k gS ysfdu ;g Hkh dgk gS fd caVokjs ds fookn dks ysdj mlds pkpk o muds yM+dksa ls mldh cksypky ugha gS] ,d nwljs ds ;gka [kkuk ihuk o vkuk tkuk ugha Fkk rFkk mldh eka dh rsjgh esa mlds pkpk vkfn [kkuk [kkus ugha vk;s Fks] rks fQj ;g dSls dgk tk ldrk gS fd ih0MCyw0&4 oknh ds essy tksy dk gSA ih0 MCyw0&8 dks rks jkeizlkn dh iRuh rd dk uke ugha ekyweA blls Li"V gS fd mudk vkil esa vkuk tkuk rd ugha gSA rks iz'u mBrk gS fd og >wBh xokgh D;ksa nsxkA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa ih0 MCyw0&4 ds lk{; dks vfo'oluh; ekuus dk dksbZ dkj.k mRiUu ugha gksrk gSA 44& vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls rdZ fy;k x;k gS fd ih0MCyw0&4 cjkenxh okys dejs esa rkyk yxk gksuk vkSj jkeujs'k ds }kjk dejs dk rkyk [kksyuk crkrs gSa tcfd foospd ih0MCyw0&9 o oknh ,sls fdlh rkys dk yxk gksuk ugha crkrs vkSj ogk¡ ig¡qpus ij dejs dk [kqyk gksuk crkrs gSa] blls ;g lkfcr gqvk fd ih0MCyw0&4 bl yk'k cjkenxh ds le; ekStwn ugha FkkA ;g lgh gS fd foospd o ih0MCyw0&1 bl cjkenxh okys dejs esa fdlh rkys dk yxk gksuk ugha crkrs gSaA ysfdu ih0MCyw0&4 ds c;kuksa esa vk;h bl fHkUurk ds vk/kkj ij ih0MCyw0&4 dh cjkenxh ds le; ekSds ij mifLFkfr dks iw.kZ :i ls vfo'oluh; ugha ekuk tk ldrkA D;ksafd ih0MCyw0&4 ds iwjs eq[; o ftjg ds c;kuksa esa tks ckrsa vk;h gSa mlls mldh ekSds ij mifLFkfr lkfcr gks jgh gSA 45& tc iqfyl us veksy flag dh yk'k jke ujs'k ds mDr eos'kh okys LFkku ls cjken dh ml le; ih0MCyw0&5 vius [ksr esa Qly lesV jgk FkkA og Hkh ogk¡ pyk x;k FkkA ih0MCyw0&5 us crk;k gS fd bu rhuksa eqyftekuksa us ?kj ds vUnj iqfyl okyksa ds lkFk tkdj veksy flag dh yk'k dks fudkyk] ogha ij fy[kk i<+h gq;h rFkk iapk;rukek Hkjk x;k o yk'k dks lhy eksgj dj iksLVekVZe gsrq Hkstk Fkk] mlus Hkh iapk;rukek ij vius gLrk{kj fd, Fks vkSj iapk;rukek ij vius gLrk{kj izn'kZ d&6 dks lkfcr fd;k gSA xokg us bl ckr dh iqf"V dh gS] ml le; ogk¡ ij f'kouanu ekLVj o jke izlkn vkSj reke vkneh FksA 46& vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls dgk x;k gS fd ;g xokg ih0MCyw0&5 fn0 2&4&2003 dks eqyfte jke ujs'k ds lkFk veksy flag dk bl txg ij vkuk crkrk gS rks mlus ;g ckr fdlh ls D;ksa ugha crk;hA xokg dk ;g dguk gS fd p¡wfd bu yksxksa dh dksbZ nq'euh ugha Fkh blfy, ugha crk;kA xokg dk c;ku cM+k LokHkkfod gSA D;ksafd veksy flag dh yk'k tehu ds vUnj nQu dj nh x;h Fkh] fdlh dks dksbZ 'kd ugha Fkk] blh dkj.k oknh us Hkh jke ujs'k o vU; fdlh ds fo:) izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ugha fy[kk;h vkSj bl xokg us Hkh ml ckr dh egRrk dks u le>rs gq, fdlh dks ugha crk;kA bls vc lq/kkj dh laKk ugha nh tk ldrh gSA xokg us Li"V dgk gS fd veksy flag dks ekj nsus dh tkudkjh yk'k fudyus okys fnu gh gq;h Fkh] mlls igys ugha gq;h FkhA 47& vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls dgk x;k gS fd ih0MCyw0&5 dk /kkjk 161 na0iz0la0 ds vUrxZr c;ku fn0 13&4&2003 dks foospd }kjk fy;k x;kA ih0MCyw0&5 dYyw bl dsl esa veksy flag dks eqyfte jke ujs'k }kjk mDr ?kVukLFky ij yk;s tkus ds fnukad 2&4&2003 dk o fn0 10&4&2003 dks yk'k cjkenxh ds le; dk xokg gS tks bl dsl ds fy, ,d cgqr vge~ xokg gS] ;g xokg dgrk gS fd njksxk th bl cjkenxh ds ckn rhljs fnu feys Fks vkSj mldk c;ku fy;k Fkk] mlds ckn ugha feys vkSj mlus fn0 28&4&2003 dks njksxk th dks dksbZ c;ku ugha fn;k Fkk vkSj yk'k cjken gksus ds rhljs fnu gh yM+ds dks ns[kuh okyh ckr crk nh FkhA tcfd fn0 13&4&2003 ds mlds /kkjk 161 na0iz0la0 ds c;ku esa bl cjkenxh ds ckjs esa ugha fy[kk gSA p¡wfd xokg ds c;ku fn0 10&4&2003 ds ckn fn0 13&4&2003 dks fy[ks x;s gSa vr% ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd bl xokg ds c;ku foospd }kjk ugha fy[ks x;s] tgk¡ rd bl ckr dk iz'u gS fd fn0 28&4&2003 dks mldk c;ku dSls fy[kk x;k] D;ksafd mlus Li"V dgk gS fd mlus iwjh ckr njksxk th dks crk nh Fkh] blfy, ;g foospd dh ykijokgh o xyrh gS fd mlus xokg ds c;ku 2 Hkkx esa fy[ks gSaA ysfdu dsoy bl vk/kkj ij ih0MCyw0&5 ds c;kuksa dks ugha udkjk tk ldrk gSA 48& ,d iz'u vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ;g mBk;k x;k gS fd ih0MCyw0&5 fn0 2&4&2003 dks ;k fn0 10&4&2003 dks [ksr esa dke djuk crkrk gS vkSj og [ksr esa cSBs gq, Hkh dke dj jgk Fkk rks fQj mlus jkeujs'k ;k mlds nksuksa lkfFk;ksa dks veksy flag dks ys tkrs gq, dSls ns[k fy;k] tcfd fn0 2&4&2003 dks mlds [ksr esa Qly [kM+h FkhA ge bl rdZ ls lger ugha gSaA ih0MCyw0&5 us Hkkxor if.Mr dk [ksr caVkbZ ij fy;k Fkk vkSj fn0 2&4&2003 dks og xsg¡w dh dVkbZ djus x;k Fkk] xsg¡w dk isM+ bruk ?kuk o Å¡pk ugha gksrk fd tc dksbZ O;fDr cSBs gq, Hkh Qly dkV jgk gks rks og dkSu vk tk jgk gS mls u ns[k lds vkSj u ;g laHko gS fd og ?kVuk ds le; dsoy cSBs&cSBs gh dVkbZ dk dke djsxk vkSj chp&chp esa [kM+k Hkh ugha gksxk ;k mls fdlh ds vkus tkus dh vkgV u ekywe gksxhA xokg us dgk gS fd xsg¡w mldh xnZu ds cjkcj Fkh vkSj xsg¡w ds lkFk dgha&dgha ljlksa dh Qly Hkh Fkh vkSj ljlksa ls Hkh vkneh fn[kk;h nsrk Fkk vkSj tc iwM+k cka/kuk gksrk Fkk rks og [kM+k gks tkrk FkkA xokg ds ftjg ds c;ku cgqr LokHkkfod gSa] mUgsa vfo'oluh; ekuus dk dksbZ dkj.k izrhr ugha gks jgk gSA xokg us viuh ftjg esa Li"V dgk gS fd ?kVuk okys fnu [ksr ls mlus eqyfteku dks flQZ ns[kk Fkk] xokg dks ;g Li"V lq>ko ugha fn;k x;k gS fd fn0 2&4&2003 dks bl xokg us eqyfteku dks jkeujs'k ds DokVZj ds ikl u ns[kk gks ;k jkeujs'k ml fnu veksy flag dks ogk¡ u ys x;k gksA xokg dks dsoy ;g lq>ko fn;k x;k gS fd ?kVuk okys fnu mlds [ksr esa dksbZ Qly u gks vkSj [ksr dV pqdk gks] bl lq>ko dks nsdj vfHk;qDrx.k jkeujs'k ds mDr DokVZj ds lkeus xokg dk [ksr gksuk Lohdkj dj jgs gSa tks mlus cVkbZ ij fy;k FkkA bl lq>ko esa **?kVuk okys fnu** ls vfHk;qDrx.k dk rkRi;Z fn0 2&4&2003 ls gS vFkok fn0 10&4&2003 ls gS] ;g Li"V ugha fd;k x;k gSA** vr% ,sls lq>ko dk dksbZ ykHk vihykFkhZx.k dks ugha fey jgk gSA 49& ;gk¡ ij ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd veksy flag dh yk'k feyus ds ckn mlds ftl izdkj dh pksVsa ik;h tk jgh gS] ftlds ckjs esa ih0MCyw0&1] ih0MCyw0&5 o ih0MCyw0&9 dk dFku gS o ftudk o.kZu iapk;rukesa esa Hkh gS] mudh iqf"V ih0MCyw0&6 Mk0 vkj0 ih0 xqIrk] ftUgksaus e`rd veksy flag ds 'ko dk iksLV ekVZe fd;k gS us dh gS fd 'ko esa lM+u iw.kZ :i ls LFkkfir gks pqdh Fkh] nqxZU/k;qDr xSls mifLFkr Fkha] xnZu ds vkxs o ihNs ?kko ekStwn Fks] xnZu ds uhps dh ekalisf'k;k¡ o jDr ufydk;as vkjikj dV x;h Fkha rFkk pksV la0 2 ds dVs gq, ?kko ds uhps [kkus dh uyh ekalisf'k;ka vkjikj dV xbZ FkhaA MkDVj us bu pksVksa dks /kkjnkj gfFk;kj xaMklk] QlkZ vkfn ls vkuk crk;k gS rFkk e`rd dh e`R;q djhc 8&9 fnu iwoZ gksuk crk;k gS rFkk ;g Hkh dgk gS fd ;g lHkh pksVsa ,d okj ls vkuk laHko ugha gSa vkSj ;g pksVsa ryokj ls vkuk laHko ugha gSaA vr% cjkenxh ds le; ekSds ij ih0MCyw0&1 o ih0MCyw0&5 dh mifLFkfr lansg ls ijs lkfcr gks jgh gSA 50& vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls dgk x;k gS fd ih0MCyw0&9 foospd us ;g Lohdkj fd;k gS fd vkykdRy xaMkls esa dksbZ csar ugha yxk gS vr% Li"V gqvk fd ml xaMkls dk iz;ksx veksy flag ds dRy esa ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ge bl rdZ ls lger ugha gSa D;ksafd foospukf/kdkjh us vius c;kuksa esa Li"V dgk gS fd **ysfdu bls bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gS** vkSj U;k;ky; }kjk ih0MCyw0&9 ls ;g iwNus ij mUgksaus dgk gS fd xaMkls dk ,d fdukjk tax yxus ls dqN VwV x;k gS ysfdu mlesa /kkj gSA ih0MCyw0&4 Hkh viuh ftjg esa crkrs gSa fd xaMkls esa tax yxk Fkk ysfdu mlesa ,d rjQ /kkj Fkh vkSj mlesa idMus okyk gRFkk ugha Fkk] nwljh rjQ csaV idMus dk dqank FkkA bl dFku ls ih0MCyw0&4 dh ekSds ij mifLFkfr lansg ls ijs lkfcr gks jgh gSA 51& tgk¡ rd vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls fn;k x;k ;g rdZ fd ;fn vfUre ckj vfHk;qDr jke ujs'k ds lkFk veksy flag dks ns[kk x;k rks jke ujs'k dks ml le; eqyfte D;ksa ugha cuk;k x;kA ;g rdZ egRoghu gSA D;ksafd Li"V gks jgk gS fd oknh LoPN gkFkksa ls U;k;ky; ds le{k vk;k gSA ;fn mls jke ujs'k ds fo:) fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls >wBh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fy[kkuh gksrh rks og 'kq: ls gh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ esa mls uketn dj nsrkA pw¡fd oknh ekrk izlkn ds eu esa ,slk dksbZ dqfopkj ugha Fkk fd og vuko';d :i ls fdlh dks >wBk Q¡lk;s] blfy, mlus muds f[kykQ igys fjiksVZ ugha fy[kk;hA ih0MCyw0&2 o ih0MCyw0&3 ds mDr ckr crkus ds ckn iqfyl ds }kjk eqyfteku dh fxjQ~rkjh vkSj muds bdckfy;k c;ku ds vk/kkj ij ;g cjkenxh eqyfte jke ujs'k ds eos'kh cka/kus okys LFkku ls gks jgh gS] blh dkj.k ih0MCyw0&8 dk dFku gS fd veksy flag dh yk'k feyus ds ckn gh mls ;g ekywe gqvk fd jke ujs'k us ;g dRy fd;k gS] blds igys mls ugha irk Fkk fd ;g dRy fdlus fd;k gSA 52& ih0MCyw0&1 us bl ckr dks crk;k gS fd tc mldk yM+dk xqe gqvk Fkk rc mldk yM+dk VsjhdkV dh [kkdh jax dh iSUV o lQsn jax dh deht igus gq, Fkk vkSj bl ckr dks xqe'kqnxh fjiksVZ izn'kZ d&1 esa Hkh fy[kk;k x;k gS vkSj iapk;rukek esa Hkh ,slk gh iSUV o deht yk'k ij ik;h x;h gS] ftUgsa fof/k foKku iz;ksx'kkyk Hkstk x;k vkSj bu diM+ksa ij ekuo jDr ik;k x;k gSA ih0MCyw0&4 o 5 Hkh veksy flag ds }kjk ,sls igus diM+ksa dh iqf"V dj jgs gSaA ;g lHkh rF; vfHk;kstu i{k ds dFkuksa dks iq"V dj jgs gSa vkSj lkfcr gks jgk gS fd vfHk;kstu i{k us lHkh rF;ksa o ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ,d dM+h esa fijksdj is'k fd;k gSA 53& ;g Hkh ns[kuk gS fd D;k ;g cjkenxh /kkjk 27 lk{; vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr ekuh tk,xhA eku~uh; mPpre U;k;ky; us vius reke fofu.kZ;ksa esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd /kkjk 27 lk{; vf/kfu;e ds izkfo/kkuksa dks ykxw djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr vko';drkvksa ,oa 'krksZ dks iwjh djuk t:jh gS %& (1) That consequent to the information given by the accused, it led to the discovery of some fact stated by him.
(2) The fact discovered must be one which was not within the knowledge of the police and the knowledge of the fact was for the first time derived from the information given by the accused.
(3) Information given by the accused must lead to the discovery of a fact which is the direct outcome of such information.
(4) The discovery of the fact must be in relation to a material object and of course would then embrace within its fold the mental condition i.e., the knowledge of the accused of the place where the object was produced and the knowledge that it was there.
(5) Only such portion of the information as is distinctly connected with the said discovery is admissible.
(6) The discovery of the fact must relate to the commission of some offence.
54- Amitsingh Bhikamsingh Thakur V. State of Maharashtra (2007) 2 SCC 310 esa eku~uh; mPpre~ U;k;ky; us dgk gS fd ,sls [kkst fd, x, rRoksa esa HkkSfrd mn~ns'; (physical object) ,oa ekufld fLFkfr (mental condition) nksuksa dk feJ.k gksuk pkfg,] rFkk /kkjk 27 lk{; vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr og cjkenxh rHkh mi;qDr vkSj egRoiw.kZ gksxh tc ml cjken rRo dks vijk/k dkfjr djus esa iz;qDr fd;k x;k gksA 55& ih0MCyw0&1 ds c;kuksa ls ;g Hkh Li"V gks jgk gS fd tc og Fkkus igq¡pk ogk¡ mlus viuh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fy[kk;h] izHkkjh fujh{kd us mls viuh xkM+h esa cSBk;k vkSj og mls xkao iqaxjh ys x;s] mls mlds ?kj ij mrkj fn;k] fQj fujh{kd mlds ?kj ij vfHk;qDr jkeujs'k dks thi esa cSBkdj vk;s vkSj iqfyl okys jkeujs'k dks idM+s gq, Fks] oknh dks Hkh thi esa cSBk fy;k] fQj lc yksx ?kVuk LFky dh vksj x;s] ogk¡ mls mrkj fn;k x;kA fQj jkeujs'k dks ysdj iqfyl nksuksa eqyftekuksa dks idM+us pyh x;h] fQj rhuksa eqyfteku dks ysdj vk;s vkSj rc rhuksa eqyftekuksa us ;g yk'k cjken djk;hA foospd ds c;kuksa ls ;g Li"V gks pqdk gS fd mUgksaus rhuksa vfHk;qDrx.k ds c;ku mudh fxjQ~rkjh ds ckn fy[ks Fks] ftlesa mUgksaus vius tqeZ dk bdcky fd;k rFkk vkyk dRy o yk'k dks cjken djkus dh ckr dgh vkSj fQj mUgksaus jkeujs'k ds dkyksuh okys [kkyh edku ls ;g yk'k o vkykdRy cjken djk;kA bUgha dFkuksa dh iqf"V ih0MCyw0&9] ih0MCyw0&4 o ih0MCyw0&5 us Hkh dh gSA bl laca/k esa bu xokgksa ls dkQh yach ftjg dh x;h gS ysfdu ftjg esa ,slh dksbZ fHkUurk ugha vk;h gS ftlls bu xokgksa ds c;kuksa dks xyr ekuk tk ldsA 56& tgk¡ rd bl rdZ dk iz'u gS fd foospd us vfHk;qDrx.k dk izdVhdj.k c;ku (disclosure statement) vyx ls ugha fy[kk ;k mls dsl Mk;jh esa fy[kk gS rks mls mrkjdj vyx ls lkfcr djkuk pkfg, Fkk ;k mu c;kuksa ij eqyftekuksa ds gLrk{kj fy;s tkus pkfg, Fks tks ugha fy;s x;s gSaA mu ij izn'kZ iM+uk pkfg, FkkA vr% dsl Mk;jh esa fy[ks x, ,sls c;kuksa ij ;dhu ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj mu c;kuksa ds vk/kkj ij dh x;h cjkenxh /kkjk 27 lk{; vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr ugha vk;sxh vkSj leLr dk;Zokgh voS/kkfud gSA ge bl rdZ ls lger ugha gSaA Bhaakua Kampa Vs. State of Orissa, 1996 Crl.L.J. 350, 353 (Ori) fofu.kZ; esa ;g vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd foospd ds }kjk vfHk;qDr ds izdVhdj.k c;ku dks vyx isij lhV ij fy[kuk vko';d ugha gS vkSj u ml ij vfHk;qDr ds gLrk{kj ysuk vko';d gS vkSj ;fn ,slk izdVhdj.k c;ku dsl Mk;jh esa vk x;k gS rks og voS/kkfud ugha ekuk tk,xkA vfHk;qDrx.k ds ,sls izdVhdj.k c;ku vkSj mlds vk/kkj ij lacaf/kr oLrq dh cjkenxh vfHk;qDr ds fo:) cgqr eq[; ifjfLFkfr gS ftl ij fopkj U;k;ky; dks djuk gh gksxkA blh ckr dks eku~uh; mPpre U;k;ky; us Dev Prakash Vs. State of Haryana, AIR 1996 SC 279 fofu.kZ; esa vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k gSA Md. Raja v. State of West Bengal, 2009 CrLJ 410 (416)(Cal-DB) esa dydRrk gkbZdksVZ us ;g fu/kkZfjr fd;k gS fd dkuwu dh ;g ea'kk ugha gS fd izdVhdj.k c;ku ges'kk fyf[kr esa gksuk pkfg, vkSj ml ij izn'kZ Hkh iM+uk pkfg,A 57& eku~uh; mPpre~ U;k;ky; us izdVhdj.k c;ku fofu.kZ; esa ;gk¡ rd dgk gS fd ;fn ,sls izdVhdj.k c;ku ij iqfyl vf/kdkjh }kjk tks cjkenxh dh x;h vkSj ml cjkenxh ij gLrk{kj djus okys fu"i{k xokg i{knzksgh ?kksf"kr gks tkrs gSa rks Hkh foospd }kjk fn;k x;k lk{; ekU; gksxk vkSj bl dsl esa rks ih0MCyw0&4 jke izlkn] tks QnZ cjkenxh vkyk dRy xaMklk izn'kZ d&3 o QnZ cjkenxh yk'k e`rd veksy flag izn'kZ d&4 dk fu"i{k xokg gS] us nksuksa cjkenfx;ksa ds ckjs esa Li"V lk{; fn;k gS vkSj mlds c;kuksa esa ,slk dksbZ Hkh dFku ugha vk;k gS tks vU; xokgksa ds c;kuksa ls esy u [kkrk gks ;k QnZ cjkenxh ls vyx gksA geus lko/kkuh cjrrs gq, mu lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fopkj fd;k gS fd fdl izdkj ls vfHk;qDrx.k ds c;ku fy[ks x;s gSaA blesa foospd us Lohdkj fd;k gS fd c;ku ysrs le; ogk¡ dksbZ xokg ekStwn ugha Fkk] ftldh iqf"V vU; xokgksa ds c;ku ls gks jgh gSA 58& vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls dgha ;g vk{ksfir ugha fd;k x;k gS fd foospd us muds }kjk dfFkr LFky ij mUgsa fxjQ~rkj u fd;k gks vkSj mlds ckn muds c;ku uksV u fd;k gks] u bl laca/k esa /kkjk 313 na0iz0la0 ds c;kuksa esa dqN dgk x;k gSA vr% vfHk;kstu i{k dh bl ckr dks vLohdkj djus dk dksbZ dkj.k iSnk ugha gks jgk gS fd foospd us igys mudh fxjQ~rkjh u dh gks vkSj fQj mUgksaus izdVhdj.k c;ku u fy;k gksA 59& ,d iz'u ;g Hkh mBrk gS fd rhuksa eqyftekuksa dh fu'kkansgh ij cjken dh x;h yk'k o vkyk dRy] la;qDr cjkenxh gS vkSj D;k mls Lohdkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bl dsl esa jkeujs'k dks vyx idM+k x;k gS] mldk vyx c;ku fy[kk x;k gS] ftlus viuk tqeZ Lohdkj fd;k gS vkSj cjkenxh djkus dks dgkA fQj eqyfte jktkHkS;k ds ?kj ls jktkHkS;k o johUnz dh fxjQ~rkjh gq;h gS vkSj bu nksuksa ds Hkh vyx vyx c;ku dsl Mk;jh esa fy[ks x;s gSa vkSj bUgksaus Hkh vius tqeZ dk bdcky djrs gq, cjkenxh djkus dks dgk gS vkSj fQj rhuksa eqyftekuksa dks ,d gh LFkku ij yk;k x;k gS vkSj rhuksa ds }kjk mlh txg dks crkus ds vk/kkj ij xM~ 60& bl izdkj xokgksa ds c;kuksa ls ;g Li"V gqvk fd /kkjk 302 Hkk0na0la0 esa eqdnek dk;eh ds ckn ih0MCyw0&9 }kjk igys vfHk;qDr jkeujs'k fQj mlds }kjk vius nksuksa lg vfHk;qDrx.k ds uke crkus o iwjh ?kVukdze dks crkus ds vk/kkj ij 'ks"k nksuksa eqyftekuksa dh fxjQ~rkjh ds ckn o bu rhuksa eqyfteku }kjk yk'k o xaMkls dh cjkenxh djkus dk c;ku nsus ds ckn mudh fu'kkansgh ij ;g cjkenxh gks jgh gSA vr% vfHk;kstu i{k us ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh iwjh dM+h dks ,d psu esa fijksdj U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr dh gS] blesa dksbZ lansg ugha jg tkrk gSA 61& ,d vU; rF; Hkh fopkj ds fy, U;k;ky; ds le{k mHkj jgk gS fd tks rF; eqyfteku ds fo'ks"k Kku esa Fkk] ;fn muds }kjk mldk larks"ktud tokc ugha fn;k tkrk gS rks og mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh dM+h esa ,d vU; dM+h ds :i esa tqM+ tk,xk] tSlk fd State of Punjab Vs. Karnail Singh, (2003) 11 SCC 271 fofu.kZ; esa eku~uh; mPpre~ U;k;ky; us dgk gSA ;g lgh gS fd vfHk;kstu i{k dks izFke n`"V;k viuk dsl lkfcr djuk gS ysfdu ;fn vfHk;kstu i{k us vius Hkkj dk ogu dj fy;k gS] vfHk;qDr dks nks"kh Bgjkus ds vius lk{; dks lansg ls ijs lkfcr dj fn;k gS rks vkijkf/kd ftEesnkjh ls eqDr gks tkus dk iwjk Hkkj vfHk;qDrx.k ij vk tk,sxk] tSlk fd /kkjk 106 lk{; vf/kfu;e esa dgk x;k gSA bl dsl esa pw¡fd ;g lkfcr gks x;k gS fd rhuksa vfHk;qDrx.k us gh fQjkSrh dh jde olwyus ds fy;s veksy flag dk vigj.k fd;k o mldk dRy dj yk'k jkeujs'k ds LokfeRo okys fgLls esa fNik nh gS vkSj vfHk;qDrx.k fo'ks"k :i ls vfHk;qDr jke ujs'k vius LokfeRo okys LFky ls yk'k dh cjkenxh ds laca/k esa dksbZ mfpr Li"Vhdj.k ugha ns ldk gS vr% /kkjk 106 lk{; vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr bl U;k;ky; ds le{k leLr izekf.kdrk bl vo/kkj.kk dks dk;e djus dk gksxk fd dsoy vfHk;qDrx.k us gh veksy flag dk dRy fd;k gSA mDr fofu.kZ; esa eku~uh; mPpre U;k;ky; us Li"V dgk gS fd ?kj dk Lokeh dsoy pqi jgdj fcuk dksbZ mfpr Li"Vhdj.k fn;s Hkkx ugha ldrk vkSj ;g ugha dg ldrk gS fd dsoy vfHk;kstu i{k dks gh dRy fd, tkus dk p'enhn xokg ;k dksbZ vU; lk{; izLrqr djuk pkfg, rHkh ekuk tk,xk fd vfHk;qDr us dRy fd;k gS vU;Fkk ugha vkSj vfHk;qDr dks viuk Li"Vhdj.k nsus ds fy, ck/; ugha fd;k tk ldrkA eku~uh; mPpre U;k;ky; us ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa /kkjk 106 lk{; vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr Hkkj vfHk;qDrx.k ij Mkyk gS fd **tks lk{; fo'ks"k :i ls dsoy vfHk;qDrx.k ds gh Kku esa gks ldrk gS ml rF; dks crkus dk Hkkj vfHk;qDrx.k ij gh gksxkA** 62& bl dsl esa ,d egRoiw.kZ rF; ;g Hkh gS fd vfHk;qDr jkeujs'k 'kke dks 3 cts veksy flag dks ftu diM+ksa esa lkbZfdy ij cSBkdj ?kqek jgk Fkk] mUgha diM+ksa esa veksy flag dh yk'k jke ujs'k ds dCts okys LFkku ls cjken gq;h gS] rc mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dsoy ,d gh fu"d"kZ fudkyk tk ldrk gS fd bl yk'k dks fNikus dh tkudkjh dk Lokeh vfHk;qDr jkeujs'k o mlds lkFkh gh gSa vkSj p¡wfd ;g vfHk;qDrx.k [kfygku esa cSBdj ?kVuk djus ds o`rkUr dks crk jgs gSa ftldks ih0MCyw0&2 o ih0MCyw0&3 us lqu fy;k rFkk ;g eqyfteku bl yk'k dks cjken Hkh djk jgs gSa] vr% ;g Li"V gks x;k fd yk'k dks fNikus dk rF; dsoy mudh tkudkjh esa FkkA pw¡fd ;g txg dsoy jkeujs'k ds dCts esa Fkk blfy, og LFkku fdlh ckgjh O;fDr ds vkus ds fy, xeuh; ,oa vuqKs; (accessible & permissible) ugha Fkk] tks bl dejs dks [kksydj veksy flag dks xgjs xM~ 63& vc /kkjk 313 na0iz0la0 ds Lrj ij iz'u la0 5 esa vfHk;qDrx.k ;g dgdj fd cjkenxh xyr gS] vius gh dFku dks udkj jgs gSaA tcfd os lq>ko ds ek/;e ls ;g igys gh Lohdkj dj pqds gSa fd ,slh yk'k dh cjkenxh gq;h FkhA vr% Li"V gks x;k fd vfHk;qDrx.k U;k;ky; ds le{k LoPN gkFkksa ls ugha vk jgs gSa vkSj vc og ;g ugha dg ldrs fd ;g cjkenxh vfHk;qDrx.k ij tcjnLrh Fkksih tk jgh gSA vfHk;qDrx.k dks /kkjk 313 na0iz0la0 ds vUrxZr ,d Li"V mRrj ysdj vkuk pkfg, Fkk fd okLro esa muds dCts okyh txg esa veksy flag dh yk'k D;ksa vkSj dSls cjken gks x;hA vc cjkenxh dks xyr crkuk mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa] tks vfHk;kstu i{k us Åij lkfcr dh gSa] dh dM+h esa ,d *vfrfjDr lEcU/k* cukrs gSa ftlls fd vfHk;qDrx.k dk vkpj.k U;k;ky; ds le{k xyr o >wBk lkfcr gks jgk gSA 64& blh ckr dks eku~uh; mPpre~ U;k;ky; us Anthony Dsouza and others Vs. State of Karnataka, 2003 SCC (Criminal) 292 fofu.kZ; esa fuEufyf[kr :i ls vo/kkfjr fd;k gS %& "In Swapan Patra V. State of W.B., (1999)9 SCC 242 this court said that in a case of circumstantial evidence when the accused offers an explanation and that explanation is found not to be true then the same offers an additional link in the chain of circumstances to complete the chain. The same principle has been followed and reiterated in State of Maharashtra V. Suresh, (2000)1 SCC 471 where it has been said that a false answer offered by the accused when his attention was drawn to a circumstance, renders that circumstance capable of inculpating him. This court further pointed out that in such a situation false answer can also be counted as providing a missing link for completing the chain. The aforesaid principle has been again followed and reiterated in Kuldeep Singh Vs. State of Rajasthan, (2000)5 SCC 7."
65& eku~uh; mPpre~ U;k;ky; us ,slh fLFkfr o ifjfLFkfr esa dgk gS fd vc lkjk Hkkj vihykFkhZx.k ij Fkk fd tc muds /kkjk 313 ds c;ku fy[ks tk jgs Fks rks mUgsa Q¡lkus okyh ifjfLFkfr;ksa (incriminating circumstances) dk Li"Vhdj.k ysdj U;k;ky; ds le{k vkuk pkfg, Fkk rkfd U;k;ky; mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk laKku ys vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr dj lds fd vfHk;qDrx.k }kjk fn;k x;k Li"Vhdj.k ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, mfpr gS vFkok vuqfpr gSA 66& blh rF; dks en~nsutj j[krs gq, Joseph Vs. State of Kerala (2000) 5 SCC 197 fofu.kZ; esa eku~uh; mPpre~ U;k;ky; us dgk gS fd ;fn /kkjk 313 na0iz0la0 esa iwNs x;s iz'uksa ds le; ;fn vihykFkhZx.k mu *Q¡lkus okyh ifjfLFkfr;ksa* ds ckjs esa tks mUgas bl vijk/k ls tksM+ jgh gksa vkSj ftlesa os vius dks bl vijk/k ls u tksM+us ds d`R; dks lkeus ykdj viuk vkpj.k iznf'kZr dj jgs gksa] ,sls vkpj.k ds laca/k esa bl i`"BHkwfe dks en~nsutj j[krs gq, eku~uh; mPpre U;k;ky; us mDr fu.kZ; ds iSjkxzkQ 14 esa ;g vfHkfu/kZkfjr fd;k gS fd %& "Such incriminating links of facts could, if at all, have been only explained by the appellant, and by nobody else, they being personally and exclusively within his knowledge. Of late, courts have, from the falsity of the defence plea and false answers given to court, when questioned, found the missing links to be supplied by such answers for completing the chain of incriminating circumstances necessary to connect the person concerned with the crime committed (see State of Maharashtra Vs. Suresh (2000)1 SCC 471). That missing link to connect the accused appellant, we find in this case provided by the blunt and outright denial of every one and all the incriminating circumstances pointed out which, in our view, with sufficient and reasonable certainty on the facts proved, connect the accused with the death and the cause for the death of Gracy."
65& eku~uh; mPpre~ U;k;ky; us State of West Bengal Vs. Mir Mohd. Omar (2000) 8 SCC 382, Harijan Bhala Teja Vs. State of Gujarat 2016 (4) SCALE 397, State of Himachal Pradesh Vs. Rajiv Jassi AIR 2016 SC 2241 esa lk{; vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 106 ds pyu ij cy fn;k gS vkSj dgk gS fd ,slh ?kVukvksa esa oknh dks U;k;ky; esa /kkjk 106 lk{; vf/kfu;e dk lgkjk ysuk pkfg,A State of West Bengal Vs. Mir Mohd. Omar ds dsl esa eku~uh; mPpre~ U;k;ky; us vo/kkfjr fd;k gS fd & "The pristine rule that the burden of proof is on the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused should not be taken as a fossilized doctrine as though it admits no process of intelligent reasoning. The doctrine of presumption is not alien to the above rule, nor would it impair the temper of the rule. On the other hand, if the traditional rule relating to burden of proof of the prosecution is allowed to be wrapped in pedantic coverage, the offenders in serious offences would be the major beneficiaries and the society would be the casualty."
"In this case, when the prosecution succeeded in establishing the afore-narrated circumstances, the court has to presume the existence of certain facts. Presumption is a course recognised by the law for the court to rely on in conditions such as this."
"Presumption of fact is an inference as to the existence of one fact from the existence of some other facts, unless the truth of such inference is disproved. Presumption of fact is a rule in law of evidence that a fact otherwise doubtful may be inferred from certain other proved facts. When inferring the existence of a fact from other set of proved facts, the court exercises a process of reasoning and reaches a logical conclusion as the most probable position. The above principle has gained legislative recognition in India when section 114 is incorporated in the Evidence act. It empowers the court to presume the existence of any fact which it thinks likely to have happened. In that process the court shall have regard to the common course of natural events, human conduct etc. in relation to the facts of the case."
67& blh dze esa State of Gujarat Vs. Koli Chhaganbhai Laxmanbhai, 2009, Crl. L. J. 3557 (Gujarat D.B.) fofu.kZ; egRoiw.kZ gS ftlesa dgk x;k gS fd ;fn vfHk;qDr ds ?kj ls mldh fu'kkansgh ij gR;k laca/kh dqN lkeku cjken gksrs gSa vkSj vfHk;kstu i{k us ml rF; dks lkfcr dj fn;k gS rks lkjk Hkkj vfHk;qDr ij tk,xk fd og ;g lkfcr djs fd vfHk;qDr ds ;gk¡ mu lkekuksa dh cjkenxh dSls gq;hA blh laca/k esa State of A.P. Vs. Gangula Satya Murthy, AIR 1997 SC 1588 fofu.kZ; Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSA 68& State of Rajasthan Vs. Jaggu Ram (2008) 12 SCC 51) and in Trimukh Maroti Kirkan Vs. State of Maharashtra (2006) 10 SCC 681 fofu.kZ; esa /kkjk 106 lk{; vf/kfu;e dh mi;qDrrk (applicability) dks iq"V djrs gq, dgk x;k gS fd & "14. A judge does not presides over a criminal trial merely to see that no innocent man is punished. A judge also presides to see that a guilty man does not escape. Both are public duties. (See Stirland v. Director of Public Prosecutions [1944 AC 315] quoted with approval by Arijit Pasayat, J. in State of Punjab V. Karnail Singh [2003 (11) SCC 271]. The law does not enjoin a duty on the prosecution to lead evidence of such character which is almost impossible to be led or at any rate extremely difficult to be led. The duty on the prosecution is to lead such evidence which it is capable of leading, having regard to the facts and circumstances of the case. Here it is necessary to keep in mind Section 106 of the Evidence Act which says that when any fact is especially within the knowledge of any person, the burden of proving that fact is upon him....
69& ,d iz'u veksy flag ds ekuo?kkrh e`R;q (Homicidal death) ds laca/k esa mHkjrk gSA lHkh xokgksa ds c;kuksa ds vuqlkj ekSds ij xaMkls dh cjkenxh gks jgh gSA veksy flag dk dRy ml xaMkls ls djuk eqyfteku tqeZ&bdckfy;k ds c;ku esa Lohdkj dj jgs gSaA ;fn bl c;ku dks lh/ks&lh/ks Lohdkj u Hkh fd;k tk;s fd iqfyl dLVMh esa vfHk;qDrx.k ,slk tqeZ Lohdkj jgs gSa] rc Hkh MkDVj ds vuqlkj e`rd dh e`R;q xaMkls ls fd;k tkuk iw.kZ:i ls laHko gSA fn0 2&4&2003 ls veksy flag xk;c gS] fn0 10&4&2003 dks mldh yk'k jkeujs'k ds DokVZj ls lHkh vfHk;qDrx.k dh fu'kkansgh ij cjken gq;h gS] MkDVj dh jk; esa 8&9 fnu iwoZ ;g e`R;q dkfjr fd;k tkuk laHko gS] ;g 'ko ijh{k.k MkDVj }kjk fn0 11&4&2003 dks fd;k x;k gSA vr% ;fn MkDVj dh jk; ekuh tk; rks ;g dRy fn0 2&4&2003 ;k fn0 3&4&2003 dks fd;k tkuk iw.kZr% laHko gSA vr% vfHk;kstu i{k us iwjh dM+h fijksdj U;k;ky; ds le{k izLrqr dh gS vkSj ftl izdkj dh pksVsa MkDVj us vius c;kuksa esa crk;h gSa mlls Li"V gS fd veksy flag dk dRy gh fd;k x;k gSA ;g lc e`rd dh ekuo?kkrh e`R;q dk i;kZIr lcwr gSA vr% ge fuf'pr :i ls bl fu"d"kZ ij igq¡prs gSa fd veksy flag dk dRy bu eqyftekuksa ds }kjk gh fd;k x;k gSA 70& vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls dgk x;k gS fd ih0MCyw0&1 ds c;ku ds vuqlkj fn0 10&4&2003 dks iqfyl us jkeujs'k dks 2 ls 3 cts ds chp idM+k mlds ckn johUnz o jktkHkS;k dks 'kke dks 5 cts jktkHkS;k ds ?kj ls idM+k vkSj mlh fnu 'kke dks 6 cts bu vfHk;qDrx.k dh fu'kkansgh ij yk'k cjkenxh gq;h] tcfd iapk;rukek ds vuqlkj iapk;rukek dh dk;Zokgh 'kke 4 cts 'kq: gqbZ vkSj 'kke dks lk<+s N% cts [kRe dj nh x;hA rks tc vfHk;qDrx.k dh fxjQ~rkjh gh 'kke dks 5 cts gq;h gS vkSj mudh fu'kkansgh ij yk'k dh cjkenxh 'kke 6 cts gq;h gS rks 4 cts iapk;rukek dh dk;Zokgh dSls 'kq: dj nh x;hA blls Li"V gS fd vfHk;kstu i{k LoLFk gkFkksa ls U;k;ky; ds le{k ugha vk jgk gSA vr% vfHk;kstu i{k ds dFku dks udkjrs gq, vihykFkhZx.k lHkh vkjksiksa ls nks"k&eqDr fd, tkus ;ksX; gSaA ge bl rdZ ls lger ugha gSaA ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk gS fd ih0MCyw0&1 ;g lHkh le; ?kM+h ns[kdj crk jgk gS ;k ml le; mlds gkFk esa ?kM+h ca/kh gq;h FkhA le; esa vf/kdre 2 ?kUVs dk vUrj vk jgk gS] blls iwjh ?kVuk dks vfo'oluh; ekuus dk dksbZ dkj.k izrhr ugha gks jgk gSA 71& bl izdkj vfHk;qDrx.k ds iwjs vkpj.k ls ;g U;k;ky; bl fu"d"kZ ij igq¡prh gS fd vfHk;qDrx.k gh bl ekeys ds vijk/kh (perpetrator) gSa vkSj lHkh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vfHk;qDrx.k dks bl vijk/k ls tksM+ jgh gSa vkSj og viuh vkijkf/kd ftEesnkjh ls mUeqDr ugha gks ldrs gSaA 72& bl Lrj ij U;k;ky; dks ;g Hkh ns[kuk gksxk fd bu eqyfteku dk veksy flag dks ekjus dk D;k gsrqd FkkA xokgksa ds c;kuksa ls Li"V gks jgk gS fd os oknh ls mlds yM+ds veksy flag dk vigj.k dj fQjkSrh dh jde ds :i esa 1]50]000@& olwy djrs] fdUrq blds igys gh mUgksaus fdlh dkj.k ls yM+ds dks ekj fn;k] ftldk vc os i'pkrki dj jgs FksA ih0MCyw0&2 o ih0MCyw0&3 Hkh blh ckr dh iqf"V dj jgs gSa fd ;g rhuksa eqyfteku ekrk izlkn ls Ms<+ yk[k :i;k dSls izkIr djsaa bl ckjs esa ckr dj jgs FksA eqyfteku dh vksj ls ;g lq>ko ugha fn;k x;k gS fd os dfFkr fnu] le; o LFkku ij veksy flag dk vigj.k iSls dh otg ls djus okyh ckr u dj jgs gksaA ih0MCyw0&9 us Li"V dgk gS fd mUgksaus foospuk esa ik;k fd veksy flag ds dRy dk mn~ns'; oknh dks ches dh feyh /kujkf'k dks eqyfteku izkIr djuk pkgrs Fks] blhfy, mUgksaus veksy flag dh idM+ dh FkhA foospuk esa veksy flag dk dRy jaft'k ds dkj.k gksuk ugha ik;k vkSj mUgksaus crk;k gS fd oknh us vius c;ku esa vfHk;qDr johUnz ls jaft'k gksus dh ckr ugha crk;h Fkh vkSj xokg us bl lq>ko dks xyr crk;k gS fd veksy flag dk dRy cfy nsus ds fy, gqvk gksA iz'u ;g mBrk gS fd vfHk;qDrx.k ;g lq>ko foospd dks D;ksa o fdl vk/kkj ij ns jgs gSa] D;ksafd ;g lqfuf'pr gks pqdk gS fd ;g dRy bUgha eqyftekuksa us fd;k gS vkSj dRy djus dk vU; dksbZ gsrqd lkfcr ugha gqvk gSA vr% veksy flag dk dRy cfy nsus ds laca/k esa gqvk gks] lkfcr gksuk ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA 73& vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ;g dgk x;k gS fd oknh us jaft'k ds dkj.k vfHk;qDrx.k dks >wBk Qalk fn;k gSA ;|fi xokgksa us bl lq>ko dks xyr dgk gSA fdUrq bls lkfcr djus dk Hkkj Lo;a vfHk;qDrx.k ij Fkk] ftls mUgksaus lkfcr ugha fd;k gSA ;|fi /kkjk 313 na0iz0la0 ds c;ku esa johUnz us dgk gS fd fn0 1&2&2001 dks mldh oknh ls ekjihV gq;h Fkh ftlds laca/k esa vijk/k la[;k 9@01 /kkjk 354] 504] 506 Hkk0na0la0 dk eqdnek dk;e gqvk] tks lh0ts0,e0 ckank ds U;k;ky; esa fopkjk/khu gS] ftlesa oknh ekrk izlkn dks pksVsa vk;h Fkha vkSj mlh jaft'k ds vk/kkj ij mls >wBk Q¡lk fn;k x;k gSA rks iz'u mBrk gS fd oknh vius yM+ds ds dRy ds lgh eqyfteku dks NksM+dj xyr eqyfteku dks D;ksa Q¡lk;sxkA mDr vijk/k la[;k 9@2001 /kkjk 354] 504] 506 Hkk0na0la0 dk ekeyk bruk xaHkhj ugha gSA ih0MCyw0&1 us ekjihV gksuk Lohdkj fd;k gS vkSj vius pksV vkuk Lohdkj fd;k gS ysfdu ih0MCyw0&1 us jaft'k dk cus jgus dk lk{; xyr crk;k gSA eqyfte johUnz ds fo:) vU; xokg ih0MCyw0&2 o 3 fot; feJk ds [kfygku ij fn0 2&4&2003 dks ?kVuk ds bdcky djus dk lk{; Li"V ns jgs gSaA vfHk;qDrx.k dh ml le; *vU;+= fLFkr gksus dk* dksbZ lk{; ugha gSA vr% jaft'k ds vk/kkj ij bl vfHk;qDr dks >wBk Q¡lkus dk dksbZ leqfpr dkj.k u gksus ls bl vfHk;qDr dh ;g ckr ekuus ;ksX; ugha gSA 74& ih0MCyw0&1 oknh dks vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls lq>ko fn;k x;k gS fd mldk mlds pkpkvksa ls tehu dks ysdj fookn Fkk ftls os gM+iuk pkgrs Fks blh dkj.k mUgksaus mlds yM+ds dh gR;k dj nh gksA ih0MCyw0&1 us bl lq>ko dks xyr crk;k gS vkSj ih0MCyw0&1 us blh dze esa Li"V dgk gS fd mlds yM+ds dk dRy bUgha rhuksa eqyftekuksa us gh fd;k gSA 75& ih0MCyw0&8 us crk;k gS fd mldk edku eqyfteku ds ?kj ls 4&6 ?kj ckn gS vkSj mldh dksbZ cqjkbZ eqyfteku ls ;k vius ikfjokfjd yksxksa ls ugha gSA xokg dk Li"V rkRi;Z gS fd mldh dksbZ jaft'k eqyfteku ls ugha gS blfy, og mUgsa >wBk D;ksa Qalk;sxhA 76& tgk¡ rd izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ foyEc ls fn, tkus dk rdZ gS] oknh us 'kke dks 7 cts [ksr ls vius ?kj vkus ds ckn vius yM+ds ds xk;c gksus dh tkudkjh gksus ij mldh lc txg [kkstchu dh] jkeujs'k ls iwNrkN dh gS ,oa mlds vxys fnu gh xqe'kqnxh dh fjiksVZ fy[kk nh gSA vkSj fQj ih0MCyw0&2 o 3 ds }kjk eqyfteku dh xqQ~rxw dh ckr lqudj mls crkus ij mlds rRdky ckn fn0 10&4&2003 dks nksigj Ms< cts gh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fy[kk nh gS] vr% ,slh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ dks foyfEcr izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ ugha dgk tk,xkA U;k;ky; dks ;g ns[kuk gksxk fd ;g foyEc fdl dkj.k ls gqvkA p¡wfd oknh eqyftekuksa ls fdlh izdkj ls iwoZ xzflr ugha Fkk blh dkj.k mlus igys fdlh ds fo:) dRy dh izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fy[kkuk mfpr ugha le>kA vfHk;kstu i{k LoPN gkFkksa ls U;k;ky; ds le{k vk;k gSA 77& vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls dgk x;k gS fd ih0MCyw0&3 t;dju dk c;ku foospd us fn0 12&4&2003 dks fy;k gS] foyEc ls c;ku fy[ks tkus dk dksbZ dkj.k ugha gS] blls Hkh ih0MCyw0&3 ds c;ku fo'oluh; ugha ekus tk ldrs gSaA ge bl rdZ ls lger ugha gSaA ih0MCyw0&3 ds vuqlkj mldk c;ku yk'k cjken gksus ds 2 fnu ckn fy;k x;k gS vkSj foospd Hkh blh ckr dh iqf"V dj jgs gSa vr% ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd t;dju ds c;ku fy;s tkus esa dksbZ foyEc gqvk gksA 78& vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd ih0MCyw0&8 fd'kksjh dk uke vkjksi i= esa xokgksa dh lwph esa ugha gS rks mldk lk{; dSls gks x;kA foospd us viuh ftjg esa crk;k gS fd fd'kksjh nsoh dk uke vkjksi i= esa lgcu fy[kus ls jg x;k gksxkA dsl Mk;jh ds voyksdu ls Li"V gks jgk gS fd fd'kksjh nsoh dk /kkjk 161 na0iz0la0 dk c;ku fn0 15&4&2003 dks vafdr fd;k x;k gS] vr% og vfHk;kstu i{k dh ,d xokg gks x;hA dsoy vkjksi i= dh iqLr ij foospd }kjk xYkrh ls mldk uke u fy[ks tkus ls ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd vfHk;kstu i{k mls xokgh esa izLrqr ugha dj ldrs] gk¡ ;fn mldk /kkjk 161 na0iz0la0 dk c;ku u fy;k x;k gksrk rks mls xokg ds :i esa izLrqr djus ds fy, U;k;ky; ls vuqefr ysuh gksrh rHkh og mls xokgh esa ijhf{kr djk ldrs FksA vr% ge vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls fn;s x;s rdZ ls lger ugha gSaA bl xokg ds c;ku cM+s LokHkkfod lkfcr gq;s gSaA mlus Li"V dgk gS fd mls mlds ifr ;k odhy lkgc us ugha crk;k fd D;k c;ku nsuk gS] vr% bl xokg ds ckjs esa ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd mls iwoZ esa fdlh ds }kjk fdlh Hkh izdkj ls fl[kk;k i<+k;k x;k gksA vr% ,sls xokg dks vlR; ekuus dk dksbZ dkj.k izrhr ugha gksrk gS] dsoy dqN NksVs fojks/kkHkk"k ds vk/kkj ij ,sls xokg ds c;ku dks ugha udkjk tk ldrk gSA le; ds ckjs esa bl xokg ds c;kuksa esa tks dqN vUrj vk;k gS] bl ckjs esa xokg us dgk gS fd og ?kM+h dk le; ugha tkurh gS vkSj U;k;ky; esa Hkh xokgh ds le; bl xokg ls le; ds ckjs esa iwNk x;k rks mlus badkj fd;k fd og ml le; ds le; dks ugha crk ldrhA xokg us bu lq>koksa dks xyr crk;k gS fd mlus vius yMds dks jkeujs'k ds lkFk tkrs gq, u ns[kk gks vFkok mldks jkeujs'k vkfn us u ekjk gksA 79& vihykFkhZx.k dh vksj ls dgk x;k gS fd fxjQ~rkjh ds le; jkeujs'k vius [ksrksa esa dVkbZ dj jgk Fkk vkSj 'ks"k nksuksa eqyfteku vius ?kj esa pkjikbZ ij cSBs gq, Fks] ;fn mUgksaus ,slh ?kVuk dks vatke fn;k gksrk rks os xkao esa u gksrs] rhuksa eqyftekuksa dk vkpj.k mudks fujijk/k gksuk lkfcr dj jgk gSA ge vihykFkhZx.k ds rdZ ls lger ugha gSa D;ksafd bl ?kVuk dks vatke fn0 2&4&2003 ;k vf/kdre fn0 3&4&2003 dks fn;k x;k gS vkSj fn0 10&4&2003 dh nksigj rd fdlh dks irk ugha pyk gS fd veksy flag dh yk'k jkeujs'k ds mDr dejs esa nch gq;h gS] vr% ;g lHkh eqyfteku fcuk fdlh Hk; ds viuk viuk thou&;kiu dj jgs Fks] mUgsa ;g ,glkl gh ugha Fkk fd mudh ckr dks fdlh us lqu fy;k gS vkSj bl laca/k esa oknh }kjk izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ fy[kk nh x;h gS vkSj iqfyl mUgsa idM+us okyh gSA vr% ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd vfHk;qDrx.k dk vkpj.k ,d lkekU; O;fDr dk Fkk vkSj muds }kjk ,sls vijk/k dks vatke ugha fn;k tk ldrk FkkA 80& i=koyh ij miyC/k lk{; ds vk/kkj ij ge bl fuf'pr jk; ds gSa fd vfHk;kstu i{k us viuk dFku vihykFkhZx.k ds fo:) lUnsg ls ijs lkfcr dj fn;k gS vkSj ,slh lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh dM+h fijksdj is'k dh gS ftlls ;g lkfcr gks jgk gS fd bUgha rhuksa eqyftekuksa us fQjkSrh dh jde olwyus ds fy, veksy flag dk vigj.k fd;k vkSj fQj ckn esa mldk dRy djds jkeujs'k ds dejs esa mlds 'ko dks nck fn;k] ckn esa i'pkrki gksus ij rhuksa eqyfteku cSBdj bl laca/k esa vkil esa vQlksl izdV dj jgs Fks] ftldks lquus ds ckn gh 'ko dh cjkenxh gq;h gSA vr% bl lEcU/k esa voj U;k;ky; }kjk fudkys x;s fu"d"kZ lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gSaA vihykFkhZx.k@vfHk;qDrx.k dks /kkjk 302@34 ,oa 201 Hkk0na0la0 ds vUrxZr nks"kh ik;s tkus dk fu"d"kZ fof/k vuqdwy gSA vr% bl lEcU/k esa voj U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k fnukafdr 22&12&2003 esa gLr{ksi djus dk vk/kkj ugha ikrs gSa vkSj og iq"V fd;s tkus ;ksX; gSA 81& Åij fudkys x;s fu"d"kksaZ ds vk/kkj ij voj U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k fnukafdr 22&12&2003 dh iqf"V dh tkrh gSA vihykFkhZ jke ujs'k dh vkijkf/kd vihy la0 411 lu~ 2004] vihykFkhZ jktkHkS;k dh vkijkf/kd vihy la0 159 lu~ 2004 ,oa vihykFkhZ johUnz dh vkijkf/kd vihy la0 105 lu~ 2004 fujLr dh tkrh gSaA 82& vihykFkhZx.k jktkHkS;k ,oa johUnz tekur ij gaS] muds O;fDrxr ca/k i= tCr fd, tkrs gSa ,oa izfrHkw fujLr fd, tkrs gSaA os 15 fnu esa eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV] ckank ds U;k;ky; esa vkRe leiZ.k djsaA ;fn mDr vof/k esa vihykFkhZx.k jktkHkS;k ,oa johUnz U;k;ky; esa vkReleiZ.k ugha djrs gSa rks lacaf/kr eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV mudh fxjQ~rkjh gsrq fu;ekuqlkj vko';d dk;Zokgh djsaA vihykFkhZx.k }kjk vkReleiZ.k djus vFkok muds fxjQ~rkj gksus ij mUgsa vfHkj{kk esa ysdj ftyk tsy Hkstk tk;A 83& i=koyh ij miyC/k fd'kksj U;k;cksMZ] ckank dh vk[;k fn0 7&10&2016 ls Li"V gS fd vihykFkhZ jkeujs'k dks *fof/k dk mYya?ku djus okyk fd'kksj (ckyd)* ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA vihykFkhZ jkeujs'k voj U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; fn0 22&12&2003 ds iwoZ ls tsy esa fu:) jgk gS blfy, bl U;k;ky; ds vkns'k fn0 28&4&2017 ds vuqlkj mls tekur ij NksM+k tk pqdk gSA fd'kksj vipkjh gksus ds dkj.k og viuh ltk iwjh dj pqdk gS] vc mls vkReleiZ.k djus dh vko';drk ugha gSA mldk O;fDrxr ca/k i= fujLr fd;k tkrk gS ,oa izfrHkwvksa dks mUeksfpr fd;k tkrk gSA 84& voj U;k;ky; dk lEiw.kZ vfHkys[k bl U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; ,oa vkns'k dh izfr ds lkFk rRdky U;k;ky; eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV] ckank dks vuqikyukFkZ Hkstk tk; vkSj muds }kjk vuqikyu vk[;k ,d ekg ds vUnj bl U;k;ky; dks izsf"kr dh tk;A fn0% 19&9&2017 ds0lh0 flag