Rajasthan High Court - Jodhpur
State Of Rajasthan vs Pappuram (2026:Rj-Jd:3924-Db) on 22 January, 2026
Author: Vinit Kumar Mathur
Bench: Vinit Kumar Mathur
[2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB]
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE FOR RAJASTHAN AT
JODHPUR
D.B. Criminal Appeal (DB) No. 14/2026
State of Rajasthan, Through PP
----Appellant
Versus
Pappuram S/o Dhukalram, Aged About 35 Years, R/o Dhani
Kumaharan, P.S. Chapar, Tehsil Bindasar, District Churu, (Raj.
----Respondent
For Appellant(s) : Mr. Rajesh Bhati, P.P.
For Respondent(s) : Ms. Sapna Vaishnav
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE VINIT KUMAR MATHUR
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE CHANDRA SHEKHAR SHARMA
Judgment
1. Date of conclusion of arguments 14.01.2026
2. Date on which the judgment was reserved 14.01.2026
3. Whether the full judgment or only operative Full
part is pronounced Judgment
4. Date of Pronouncement 22.01.2026
BY THE COURT: (Per Chandra Shekhar Sharma,J)
/kkjk 419 Hkkjrh; ukxfjd lqj{kk lafgrk ds v/khu ;g vihy vihykFkhZ&jktLFkku jkT; us fo}ku vij ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k] lqtkux<+] ftyk pw: ds }kjk ls'ku izdj.k la[;k 13@2012( jktLFkku jkT; cuke iIiwjke esa ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 28-08-2023 ds fo#) izLrqr dh gS] ftlds }kjk fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; us izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks /kkjk 302 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ds vkjksi esa lansg dk ykHk nsrs gq, nks"keqDr ?kksf"kr fd;kA 02- bl vihy ds fuLrkj.k gsrq izdj.k ds laf{kIr esa rF; bl izdkj gSa fd ifjoknh <qdyjke us fnukad 01-06-2012 dks 9%15 ,-,e- ij izn'kZ ih-24 fyf[kr fjiksVZ Fkkukf/kdkjh] iqfyl Fkkuk Nkij ds le{k bl vk'k; dh izLrqr (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (2 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] dh fd mldk yM+dk iIiwjke mlds ?kj ds ihNs vyx jgrk gSA iIiwjke dh 'kknh djhc 15 o"kZ igys fyNek iq=h jkeyky] fuoklh jktynslj ds lkFk dh FkhA dy fnukad 31-05-2012 dks os [kkuk [kkdj lks x, vkSj vkt lqcg ihNs dh rjQ x, rks ns[kk fd mldh iq=o/kq fyNek vkaxu esa pkjikbZ ij e`R;q voLFkk esa iM+h Fkh] ftldh xnZu ds ikl pksV yxus ls [kwu vk;k gqvk FkkA mlds yM+ds iIiwjke us jkr ds le; fyNek dh dqYgkM+h ls ekjdj gR;k dh gS--- bR;kfnA 03- mi;qZDr fjiksVZ ds vk/kkj ij iqfyl Fkkuk Nkij esa /kkjk 302 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk esa izdj.k iathc) fd;k tkdj vko';d vuqla/kku ds ckn vfHk;qDr ds fo#) /kkjk 302 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk esa vkjksi&i= U;kf;d eftLVªsV] lqtkux<+ ds U;k;ky; esa izLrqr fd;k] tgka ls fo}ku eftLVªsV us izdj.k fo}ku vij ls'ku U;k;k/kh'k] lqtkux<+ dks dfeV fd;kA 04- fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;k/kh'k us cgl pktZ lqudj izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks /kkjk 302 Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk ds vkjksi i`Fkd ls fojfpr dj lquk, o le>k,] vfHk;qDr us vkjksiksa dks lqu o le>dj] vLohdkj fd;k vkSj vUoh{kk dh ekax dhA 05- nkSjkus vUoh{kk vkjksiksa dh iqf"V esa vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls dqy 15 xokgku ijhf{kr gq, ,oa izys[kh; lk{; esa izn'kZ ih-01 ls izn'kZ ih-28 nLrkost iznf'kZr gq,A 06- rRi'pkr~ /kkjk 313 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds v/khu vfHk;qDr dk ijh{k.k fd;k x;k] ftlesa mlus lk{; vfHk;kstu dks xyr crk;k vkSj ;g O;Dr fd;k fd og funksZ"k gS] mls >wBk Qalk;k x;k gSA izfrj{kk esa xokg eukst dqekj ds /kkjk 161 naM izfØ;k lafgrk ds v/khu ys[kc) dFkuks dks izn'kZ Mh-01 ds :i esa iznf'kZr djok;kA rRi'pkr~ fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;k/kh'k us mHk;i{kksa dh cgl lqudj mi;qZDrkuqlkj fu.kZ; ikfjr fd;k] ftlls O;fFkr gksdj vihykFkhZ&jktLFkku jkT; us ;g vihy izLrqr dh gSA (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (3 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] 07- geus vihykFkhZ&jktLFkku jkT; dh vksj ls mifLFkr ;ksX; yksd vfHk;kstd ,oa izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk dh cgl lquh] vk{ksfir fu.kZ; o vfHkys[k dk voyksdu fd;kA 08- cgl ds nkSjku jktLFkku jkT; dh vksj ls ;ksX; yksd vfHk;kstd us rdZ fn, fd fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk vfHkys[k ij vkbZ lk{; dk leqfpr :i ls foospu ,oa fo'ys"k.k ugha fd;k x;k gSA tcfd lk{; ls ;g lkfcr Fkk fd e`rdk ds lkFk vfHk;qDr] tks fd mldk ifr gS] mlds }kjk yM+kbZ&>xM+k fd;k tkrk Fkk ,oa ?kVuk ls iwoZ Hkh e`rdk yEcs le; rd vius ihgj esa jgh Fkh] ftls ckn esa vfHk;qDr ds firk iqu% llqjky ysdj vk, FksA e`rdk ds llqjky vkus ds dqN fnu i'pkr~ gh eueqVko dks ysdj vFkok vfHk;qDr }kjk viuh iRuh ds pfj= ij 'kd djrs gq, jkf= ds le; xnZu ij dqYgkM+h ls okj dj u`'kal gR;k dj nh xbZA xokgksa ds dFkuksa ls Hkh ;g izekf.kr Fkk fd vfHk;qDr ?kVuk ls iwoZ dh jkf= e`rdk ds ikl gh Fkk vkSj lqcg ns[kus ij e`rdk dh yk'k pkjikbZ ij ikbZ xbZ FkhA ;|fi izdj.k esa dksbZ izR;{kn'khZ xokg ugha gS] ysfdu ?kVuk ds fnu e`rdk ds cPps Hkh ikl esa lks jgs FksA pwafd cPpksa dh mez vR;f/kd NksVh Fkh] blfy, lk{; ugha yh tk ldh FkhA ?kVuk ds le; vfHk;qDr ds iguh gqbZ cfu;ku Hkh tIr dh xbZ Fkh] ftl ij [kwu ds nkx yxs gq, FksA lkFk gh vfHk;qDr dh lwpuk ij ?kVuk esa iz;qDr dqYgkM+h dh cjkenxh dh xbZ FkhA ekSds ij ls [kwu vkyqnk xqnM+h ,oa e`rdk ds tks diM+s tIr fd, x, Fks] bu lHkh ij vkSj cjken dh xbZ dqYgkM+h ij ekuo jDr ÞAß xzqi dk ik;k x;k FkkA lk{; ls ;g Hkh Li"V Fkk fd vfHk;qDr e`rdk ds lkFk vDlj yM+kbZ&>xM+k Hkh djrk jgrk FkkA Lo;a vfHk;qDr ds firk] tks fd ifjoknh gS] mlds dFkuksa ls Hkh bl ckr dh iqf"V gksrh gS fd ?kVuk dh iwoZ jkf= dks vfHk;qDr e`rdk ds ikl gh Fkk vkSj mlds ckn lqcg e`rdk dh yk'k feyh Fkh] fQj Hkh fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk egRoiw.kZ lk{; dh vuns[kh dh xbZ gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;g vihy Lohdkj (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (4 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] djrs gq, fu.kZ; fnukad 28-08-2023 dks vikLr dj izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dks gR;k ds vijk/k esa nks"kfl) djus dh izkFkZuk dhA 09- mDr rdksZa ds [kaMu esa vfHk;qDr ds ;ksX; vf/koDrk us eq[; :i ls ;g rdZ fn, fd bl izdj.k esa loZizFke vuqla/kku ds i'pkr~ iqfyl }kjk vijk/k izekf.kr ugha ekudj udkjkRed vafre izfrosnu (Negative Final Report) is'k fd;k x;k FkkA Lo;a vfHk;kstu i{k ds vuqlkj ?kVuk dk dksbZ izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh ugha gS vkSj ;g izdj.k ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gSA ijUrq ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dh izR;sd J`a[kyk dks mlh vuq:i lkfcr ugha fd;k tk ldk gSA lk{; ls ;g Hkh Li"V gqvk gS fd ?kVuk ls iwoZ vfHk;qDr dk viuh iRuh ds lkFk dksbZ yM+kbZ&>xM+k ugha gqvk Fkk] cfYd e`rdk vius ihgj xbZ gqbZ Fkh( bl njfe;ku Lo;a vfHk;qDr Hkh dekus ds fy, vU; LFkku ij x;k gqvk Fkk( ihNs ls mldh vuqifLFkfr esa vfHk;qDr ds firk e`rdk dks mlds ihgj ls ysdj vk, FksA bl ckr dh Bksl lk{; ugha gS fd ftl jkf= dks e`rdk cPpksa ds lkFk lks;h gqbZ Fkh] ml le; vfHk;qDr Hkh mlds ikl FkkA bl laca/k esa vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk is'k fd, x, xokgksa ds vkilh dFkuksa esa fojks/kkHkkl gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa vafre ckj e`rdk ds lkFk vfHk;qDr ds gksus dk rF; lansg ls ijs izekf.kr ugha gks ik;k gSA ?kVukLFky ds uD'kkekSdk] gkykrekSdk ,oa xokgksa ds ekSf[kd dFkuksa ls ;g Li"V gS fd ftl txg e`rdk jkf= esa cPpksa ds lkFk pkjikbZ ij lks;h gqbZ Fkh] og [kqyk LFkku gS( ikl gh xyh gS] ftlesa ls dksbZ Hkh rhljk O;fDr vk ldrk gSA vfHk;qDr dh iguh gqbZ cfu;ku dh tks cjkenxh crkbZ xbZ gS] ml ij ,Q-,l-,y- dh tkap ds i'pkr~ ÞAß xzqi dk ekuo jDr gks] ;g Li"V ugha gqvk gSA lkFk gh tks dqYgkM+h dh cjkenxh crkbZ xbZ gS] og Hkh lansgkLin gS] D;ksafd ifjoknh lfgr vU; xokgku ds ekSf[kd dFkuksa esa ;g rF; vk;k gS fd dqYgkM+h e`rdk ds ikl gh iM+h gqbZ FkhA vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh Hkh ;g Lohdkj djrk gS fd og tc izFke ckj ?kVukLFky ij x;k rks pkj&ikap ?kaV rd #dk Fkk] ysfdu fQj Hkh rhu fnu ds i'pkr~ ekSds ij fLFkr dejs ls cjkenxh crkbZ xbZ gS] tks fd (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (5 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] lansgkLin gSA vfHk;qDr e`rdk dk ifr Fkk] ek= bl vk/kkj ij ;g d;kl ugha yxk;k tk ldrk fd vijk/k mlh ds }kjk fd;k x;k gSA bl izdkj vfHk;kstu i{k dk gh ;g nkf;Ro Fkk fd og viuk ekeyk lansg ls ijs izekf.kr djrk] dsoy laHkkouk ds vk/kkj ij vfHk;qDr dh nksf"kflf) ugha dh tk ldrhA ifj.kkeLo:i vfHkys[k ij miyC/k lk{; dk lgh :i ls foospu ,oa fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh tks nks"keqfDr dh xbZ gS] mlesa gLr{ksi dh vko';drk ugha gksus ls ;g vihy [kkfjt djus dh izkFkZuk dhA 10- geus mi;qZDr ijLij fojks/kh rdksZa ij fopkj fd;kA fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fd, x, fu.kZ; ,oa vfHkys[k ds voyksdu ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd vfHk;kstu i{k dk ;g ekeyk ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gS vkSj tgka vfHk;kstu i{k dk ekeyk ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gks] ogka mldk ;g nkf;Ro gksrk gS fd ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dh izR;sd J`a[kyk dks mlh vuq:i lk{; ls lkfcr fd;k tkosA ;fn ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dh laiw.kZ J`a[kyk mlh vuq:i vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk LFkkfir ugha dh tkrh gS] rks ;g lansg ls ijs izekf.kr ugha ekuk tk ldrk fd vijk/k vfHk;qDr }kjk fd;k x;k gS] vFkok ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dh J`a[kyk dh dksbZ ,d dM+h bruh lqn`<+ gks] ftlls U;k;ky; dks ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyus esa lqfo/kk gks fd izR;sd voLFkk esa vijk/k vfHk;qDr }kjk gh fd;k x;k gS] rks gh nks"kfl)h dh tk ldrh gSA 11- bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra; AIR 1984 Supreme Court 1622 ds iSjk la[;k 152 esa Hkh fuEu fLFkfr Li"V dh xbZ gS%&
(i) Circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt is to be drawn should be fully established,
(ii) the facts so established should be consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused and (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (6 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] should not be explainable on any other hypothesis except that the accused is guilty,
(iii) the circumstances should be of a conclusive nature and tendency,
(iv) they should exclude every possible hypothesis except the one to be proved and
(v) there must be a chain of evidence so complete as not to leave any reasonable ground for the conclusion consistent with the innocence of the accused and must show that in all human probability, the act must have been done by the accused.
12- ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dh J`a[kyk esa vfHk;kstu i{k dk eq[; :i ls ;gh dguk gS fd e`rdk fyNek dks mlds llqj ¼ifjoknh½ <qdyjke ?kVuk ls dqN fnu iwoZ gh ihgj ls ysdj vk, Fks] tks yacs le; ls ihgj esa jg jgh Fkh vkSj pwafd vfHk;qDr e`rdk ds lkFk yM+kbZ&>xM+k djrk Fkk] blfy, mlds ihgjokys fyNek dks Hkstuk ugha pkg jgs FksA tSls gh fyNek dks mlds llqjky ysdj vk,] mlds pkj&ikap fnu i'pkr~ gh ?kVuk ?kfVr gks xbZ Fkh vkSj oDr ?kVuk jkf= ds le; vfHk;qDr e`rdk ds lkFk FkkA vFkkZr~ vfHk;kstu i{k ds vuqlkj Lo;a ifjoknh ih-MCY;q-05 <qdyjke ,oa mldk HkkbZ ih-MCY;q-01 iqlkjke ds vuqlkj ?kVuk dh njfe;kuh jkf= ds le; vfHk;qDr gh vafre ckj e`rdk ds lkFk Fkk] blds i'pkr~ lqcg ds le; e`rdk fyNek dh yk'k pkjikbZ ij ikbZ xbZ Fkh] ftldh xnZu ij dqYgkM+h ls dkfjr pksVksa ds fu'kku FksA bl izdkj vafre ckj e`rdk ds lkFk vfHk;qDr ds lkFk gksus ds vk/kkj ij vfHk;qDr dk vijk/k esa fyIr gksus dk dFku fd;k x;k gSA 13- mDr rdksZa ckcr~ izdj.k esa loZizFke ?kVuk dh fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih-24 vfHk;qDr ds firk <qdyjke }kjk ?kVukLFky ij iqfyl ds le{k is'k dh xbZ FkhA bl fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr dks e`rdk dh gR;k djrs gq, ns[kk x;k gks] bl ckr dk mYys[k ugha gS] cfYd ifjoknh us vius yM+ds iIiwjke }kjk jkr ds le; fyNek dh dqYgkM+h ls ekjdj gR;k djus dk mYys[k fd;k gSA (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (7 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] lk{; ds nkSjku ifjoknh ih-MCY;q-05 <qdyjke i{knzksgh jgkA bl lanHkZ esa Hkh vfHk;kstu i{k dk ;g Hkh dguk gS fd pwafd mDr xokg vfHk;qDr dk firk Fkk vkSj blus loZizFke izn'kZ ih-24 fjiksVZ ntZ djokbZ Fkh] ftlesa Li"Vr;k vius iq= vFkkZr~ vfHk;qDr iIiwjke }kjk fyNek dh dqYgkM+h ls gR;k djus dk mYys[k fd;k FkkA ;g xokg vfHk;qDr dks cpkus dh fu;r ls gh U;k;ky; ds le{k i{knzksgh jgk gSA bl xokg us lk{; esa izfrijh{k.k ds nkSjku ;g crk;k fd ?kVukLFky ij pkj pkjikbZ Fkh] ftu ij pkjksa cPps o fyNek lks jgh Fkh vkSj eSaus dqN Hkh ugha ns[kkA fyNek nsoh ,oa mlds cPpksa dks geus ?kVuk ds igys fnu 'kke dks ns[kk FkkA iIiwjke ?kVuk ds 5&6 fnu igys fyNek nsoh ds ikl vk x;k FkkA eSaus fyNek nsoh ,oa iIiwjke ds e/; dksbZ yM+kbZ&>xM+k ugha lquk FkkA iIiwjke ?kVuk ds fnu dh jkf= ls igys 'kke dks [kkuk oxSjg [kkdj ikyh lqesjiqj pyk x;k gks rks eq>s dksbZ tkudkjh ugha gSA vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls bl xokg ds i{knzksgh gksus ds i'pkr~ izfrijh{k.k fd, tkus ij xokg us bl ckr dks lgh crk;k fd fnukad 07-02-2013 dks U;k;ky; esa tks c;ku fn, Fks os gks'k gokl esa lqu&le>dj fn, FksA 14- ;gka ;g mYysf[kr djuk Hkh mfpr gksxk fd fopkj.k U;k;ky; dh i=koyh dh vknsf'kdk fnukad 05-03-2020 ds vuqlkj iwoZ esa fopkj.k ds nkSjku izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh ekufld fLFkfr lgh ugha gksus ls U;k;ky; dh dk;Z iz.kkyh dks le>us dh fLFkfr esa ugha gksus ds dkj.k fopkj.k dks LFkfxr j[kk x;k Fkk vkSj bl fLFkfr esa tks iwoZ esa cgl vkjksi lqudj izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds fo#) vkjksi fojfpr djrs gq, loZizFke ifjoknh <qdyjke ds c;ku ih-MCY;q-01 ds :i esa fy, x, Fks] mlds i'pkr~ fQj ls u, fljs ls cgl vkjksi lqudj] iqu% fopkj.k izkjEHk djrs gq, xokgksa ds dFku ys[kc) fd, x, FksA bl izdkj ;g Li"V gS fd ifjoknh <qdyjke ds iwoZ esa Hkh ih-MCY;q-01 ds :i esa dFku ys[kc) fd, tk pqds FksA pwafd vfHk;qDr dh ekufld fLFkfr lgh ugha Fkh] ,slh fLFkfr esa gh iqu% u, fljs ls cgl vkjksi (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (8 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] dks lqudj fopkj.k izkjEHk djus ds i'pkr~ ih-MCY;q-05 ds :i esa ifjoknh <qdyjke ds dFku ys[kc) fd, x, FksA 15- blh izdkj lk{; ds nkSjku ifjoknh ih-MCY;q-05 <qdyjke ds iwoZ esa U;k;ky; ds le{k tks c;ku gq, Fks] mls lqu&le>dj lgh gksus dh tks ckr dgh gS] ml laca/k esa Hkh bl xokg ds iwoZ esa c;ku Øe'k% fnukad 07-02-2013 ,oa fnukad 22-02-2013 dks ys[kc) fd, x, Fks] ftlds voyksdu ls Hkh ;g izdV gksrk gS fd ?kVuk ls yxHkx 5&6 eghus iwoZ ls gh e`rdk fyNek vius ihgj esa Fkh] ftls ifjoknh ,d vU; O;fDr ds lkFk ?kVuk ls dqN fnu iwoZ gh ysdj vk;k Fkk vkSj ml oDr vfHk;qDr iIiwjke Hkh ?kj ij ugha Fkk] cfYd og etnwjh djus ikyh lqesjiqj dh rjQ x;k gqvk FkkA ifjoknh us vius bl c;ku esa ;g Hkh dgk gS fd fyNek o esjh iRuh lqanj nsoh esa vucu jgrh Fkh] blfy, fyNek vyx jgrh FkhA bl ckr dks Hkh lgh crk;k fd fyNek ihgj ls vkus ds ckn vdsyh vius cPpksa ds lkFk jgrh Fkh] esjs lkFk ugha jgrh FkhA bl ckr dks Hkh lgh crk;k gS fd eSa o esjh iRuh jkr dks [kkuk [kkdj lks x, Fks vkSj jkf= ds chp esa ugha mBs Fks( lqcg gh mBs Fks( bldh iRuh us gh bldks txk;k Fkk vkSj bldh iRuh us gh lcls igys fyNek dks ns[kk] fQj mlus vkdj bls crk;k FkkA bl izdkj vfHk;kstu i{k ds vuqlkj Lo;a ifjoknh ih-MCY;q-05 <qdyjke }kjk vafre ckj vfHk;qDr dks e`rdk ds lkFk jkf= esa ns[kk x;k Fkk rks blh vuq:i mDr xokg }kjk lk{; dk leFkZu fd;k tkuk pkfg, FkkA cfYd ifjoknh us vyx&vyx le; esa fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ds dFku fd, gSa& ,d le; esa vfHk;qDr dk gksuk Hkh crkrk gS tcfd i'pkr~orhZ LVst ij izfrijh{k.k djrs le; vfHk;qDr dh mifLFkfr Hkh ugha crkrk gSA lkFk gh ;g Hkh dgrk gS fd ?kVuk dh jkf= dks e`rdk fyNek vius cPpksa ds lkFk [kkuk [kkdj lks xbZ Fkh] tks fd ifjoknh ls vyx jgrh FkhA 16- blh xokg ds lkFk esa ih-MCY;q-01 iqlkjke dh lk{; ds voyksdu ls Hkh ;g ik;k tkrk gS fd blus vius eq[; ijh{k.k esa gh ;g crk;k gS fd (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (9 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] fyNek ukjkt gksdj vius ihgj jktynslj pyh xbZ Fkh] ftls ckn esa eukdj yk, Fks vkSj fyNek o iIiw nksuksa <qdyjke ds edku ds ihNs dejs esa jgus yx x, FksA blus vt[kqn ;g Hkh dgk gS fd iIiw ml le; ckgj x;k gqvk FkkA izfrijh{k.k ds nkSjku Hkh bl xokg us bl ckr dks lgh crk;k fd eSaus ?kVuk ds fnu iIiwjke ,oa fyNek dks muds dejs esa lksrs gq, ugha ns[kk vkSj uk gh [kkuk [kkrs gq, ns[kkA ;g Hkh Lohdkj fd;k fd tc fyNek dks jktlnslj ls yk,] ml oDr iIiw ?kj ij ugha FkkA mDr xokg i{knzksgh Hkh ugha jgk gSA 17- xokg ih-MCY;q-04 lqanj nsoh] tks fd ifjoknh dh iRuh ,oa vfHk;qDr iIiwjke dh ekrk gS] ;g Hkh lk{; ds nkSjku i{knzksgh jghA blus Hkh izfrijh{k.k ds nkSjku ;g Li"V fd;k fd fyNek dks yk,] ml le; vkSj ?kVuk ds le; iIiw jke gekjs ?kj ij ugha FkkA iIiwjke ml le; ikyh lqesjiqj jgrk FkkA fyNek nsoh gekjs ?kj ls vyx ihNs dh rjQ jgrh FkhA eSaus fyNek nsoh vkSj mlds cPpksa dks 'kke dks [kkuk [kkrs oDr ns[kk Fkk] mlds ckn ugha ns[kk FkkA iIiwjke dks ?kVuk ds 4&5 fnu igys ls ugha ns[kk FkkA ?kVuk ds jkst Hkh eSaus iIiwjke dks ugha ns[kk FkkA vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;q-15 lR;sUnz dqekj izfrijh{k.k esa bl ckr dks Lohdkj djrk gS fd dk;eh fjiksVZ ds vk/kkj ij <qdyjke us ?kVukLFky ij eqfYte iIiwjke dks ugha ns[kkA 18- bl izdkj vfHk;qDr dks e`rdk ds lkFk vafre ckj ns[ks tkus (Last Seen Theory) ds laca/k esa vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls tks mDr lk{;
is'k dh xbZ gS] mlls ;g lansg ls ijs izekf.kr ugha gks ikrk gS fd ?kVuk dh jkf= ds le; vfHk;qDr e`rdk fyNek ds lkFk gh FkkA ;fn ;g fLFkfr vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls izekf.kr dj nh tkrh] rc rks ;g dgk tk ldrk Fkk fd bl laca/k esa vfHk;qDr dh vksj ls dksbZ Li"Vhdj.k fn;k tkrkA pwafd ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dh J`a[kyk esa vafre ckj ns[ks tkus ds laca/k esa ftl ifjfLFkfr dk mYys[k vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls bl vihy esa ftl lk{; ds (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (10 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gS] og lk{; mlh vuq:i izekf.kr gksuk ugha ik;k x;k gSA 19- bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; ds U;kf;d n`"Vkar Dhan Raj @ Dhand v. State of Haryana; Criminal Appeal No. 1410 of 2010; Decided on 09 May, 2014 ds vuqlkj Hkh tgka izdj.k ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gks ogka vafre ckj ns[ks tkus dh ifjfLFkfr dks lqn`<+ lk{; ls izekf.kr djrs gq, vU; lk{; ls Hkh iqf"V dh tkuh pkfg,A 20- vfHk;kstu i{k dk ;g Hkh nkf;Ro Fkk fd og viuh lk{; ls ;g izekf.kr djs fd e`rdk ds lkFk vfHk;qDr dks vafre ckj ns[ks tkus ,oa rRi'pkr~ mldh yk'k ds ns[ks tkus ds chp esa dqN gh le; dk varjky Fkk] ftlls fd fdlh rhljs i{k }kjk vijk/k dkfjr djus dh laHkkouk ugha jgsA tSlk fd ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Mohd. Firoz v. State of Madhya Pradesh; Manu/SC/0509/2022 esa ikfjr fu.kZ;@U;kf;d n`"Vkar ds iSjk la[;k 29 esa fuEu fLFkfr Li"V dh xbZ gS %& "29. Following the above ratio, in the case of Surajdeo Mahto v. The State of Bihar, (2021) 9 Scale, it was held -
29. The case of the prosecution in the present case heavily banks upon the principle of 'Last seen theory'. Briefly put, the last seen theory is applied where the time interval between the point of when the Accused and the deceased were last seen together, and when the victim is found dead, is so small that the possibility of any other person other than the Accused being the perpetrator of crime becomes impossible. Elaborating on the principle of "last seen alive", a 3-judge bench of this Court in the case of Satpal v. State of Haryana (2018) 6 SCC 610, has, however, cautioned that unless the fact of last seen is corroborated by some other evidence, the fact that the deceased was last seen in the vicinity of the Accused, would by itself, (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (11 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] only be a weak kind of evidence. The Court further held:
...Succinctly stated, it may be a weak kind of evidence by itself to found conviction upon the same singularly. But when it is coupled with other circumstances such as the time when the deceased was last seen with the Accused, and the recovery of the corpse being in very close proximity of time, the Accused owes an explanation under Section 106 of the Evidence Act with regard to the circumstances under which death may have taken place. If the Accused offers no explanation, or furnishes a wrong explanation, absconds, motive is established, and there is corroborative evidence available inter alia in the form of recovery or otherwise forming a chain of circumstances leading to the only inference for guilt of the Accused, incompatible with any possible hypothesis of innocence, conviction can be based on the same. If there be any doubt or break in the link of chain of circumstances, the benefit of doubt must go to the Accused. Each case will therefore have to be examined on its own facts for invocation of the doctrine."
21- ?kj ds vanj ?kfVr ?kVuk ds le; ekSds ij vafre ckj ¼e`rdk fyNek dh e`R;q ls rqjar iwoZ½ vfHk;qDr dh mifLFkfr ;fn lkfcr gks tkrh] rc rks Hkkjrh; lk{; vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 106 ds rgr vfHk;qDr ds dFku varxZr /kkjk 313 naM izfØ;k lafgrk esa mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks Li"V djus dk nkf;Ro Mkyk tk ldrk gS] ysfdu blls iwoZ loZizFke vfHk;kstu i{k dks gh lansg ls ijs mDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks lkfcr djuk FkkA 22- ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Gargi v. State of Haryana; AIR 2019 Supreme Court 4864 esa ikfjr fu.kZ; esa Hkh iRuh ij vius ifr dh gR;k dk vkjksi Fkk vkSj izdj.k Hkh ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gksdj vafre ckj ns[ks tkus ds laca/k esa ?kVuk ?kj ds vanj ?kfVr gksus ds gh lanHkZ esa FkkA ftlesa fopkj.k U;k;ky; ,oa mPp U;k;ky; }kjk nks"kflf) djus ij ,oa bls pqukSrh nsus ij ekuuh; mPpre (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (12 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] U;k;ky; }kjk lansg dk ykHk nsdj mls nks"keqDr fd;k x;k FkkA mDr fu.kZ; esa Hkh fuEu fLFkfr Li"V dh xbZ Fkh %& "28.1. Insofar as the 'last seen theory' is concerned, there is no doubt that the appellant being none other than the wife of the deceased and staying under the same roof, was the last person the deceased was seen with. However, such companionship of the deceased and the appellant, by itself, does not mean that a presumption of guilt of the appellant is to be drawn.
The Trial Court and the High Court have proceeded on the assumption that Section 106 of the Indian Evidence Act11 directly operates against the appellant. In our view, such an approach has also not been free from error where it was omitted to be considered that Section 106 of the Indian Evidence Act does not absolve the prosecution of its primary burden."
23- bl izdkj mi;qZDr lk{; ls ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dh J`a[kyk esa vfHk;kstu i{k vafre ckj ns[ks tkus (Last Seen Theory) dh dM+h dks mlh vuq:i lqn`<+ lk{; ls izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr ds fo#) izekf.kr ugha dj ik;k gSA 24- xokg ih-MCY;q-06 jkeyky] tks fd e`rdk fyNek dk firk gS] blus eq[; ijh{k.k esa ;g rks dgk gS fd iIiwjke us fyNek dks dqYgkM+h ls ekjk Fkk vkSj nhfidk ¼e`rdk dh iq=h½ us bls crk;k Fkk fd esjh eEeh dks ikik us ekj fn;kA nhfidk ml le; ikl esa FkhA bl xokg ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr e`rdk ds lkFk yM+kbZ&>xM+k djrk jgrk FkkA tcfd izfrijh{k.k esa nh xbZ lk{; ds vuqlkj ?kVuk ds le; ;g Lo;a ekSds ij ugha Fkk] cfYd bls Qksu ij lwpuk nsus ij ;g ?kVukLFky ij vk;k FkkA lkFk gh blus vius izfrijh{k.k esa e`rdk fyNek dk viuh lkl lqanj nsoh ls vucu gksus vkSj lqanj nsoh dk Hkh bl gR;k esa gkFk gksus dk dFku fd;k gSA tcfd ;g rF; Hkh Lohdkj djrk gS fd fyNek vius ihgj ls llqjky vkbZ] ml le;
(Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (13 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] iIiwjke dekus ds fy, ckM+esj dh rjQ x;k FkkA bl xokg dk ;g Hkh dguk gS fd eq>s vkt ;kn ugha fd tc eq>s ?kVuk dh tkudkjh gqbZ] rc nhfidk us eq>s dgk gks fd esjs ikik us esjh eEeh dks ekj fn;k vkSj ml le; nhfidk esjs ikl ekStwn Fkh ;k ughaA bl izdkj bl xokg ds vuqlkj e`rdk dh iq=h nhfidk us bls crk fn;k Fkk fd mldh eEeh dh gR;k mlds ikik ¼vfHk;qDr½ us dh Fkh] tcfd bl laca/k esa mlds }kjk tks iqfyl c;ku izn'kZ Mh-02 fn, x, Fks] mlls Hkh fojks/kkHkkl vkuk izdV gksrk gSA D;ksafd iqfyl c;ku ds vuqlkj rks mlus e`rdk fyNek dh cM+h yM+dh nhfidk dks Lo;a ds ikl ?kVuk ds le; jktynslj esa gksuk ,oa e`rdk dh lkl dk Hkh gR;k esa 'kjhd gksuk dFku fd;k gSA 25- bl xokg dh lk{; ds lkFk xokg ih-MCY;q- 07 txnh'k dh lk{; dk voyksdu fd;k tkos rks blus ?kVuk ds i'pkr~ e`rdk ds 'ko dks ns[kk Fkk] ftldk iapukek izn'kZ ih-02 ij xokg us th ls ,p vius gLrk{kj gksuk crk;kA bl xokg ds vuqlkj tc blus 'ko dks ns[kk rc ogka e`rdk ds pkjksa cPps& nhfidk] dqlqe] ujs'k] gsear jks jgs Fks vkSj mDr pkjksa cPpksa us gesa crk;k fd esjs ikik iIiwjke us gekjh eEeh fyNek dks ekj fn;kA bl xokg ds izfrijh{k.k ds vuqlkj e`rdk dh pkjksa larku esa tks cM+h yM+dh gS] mldh vk;q 10 o"kZ gSA bl xokg us tks mDr dFku fd, gSa] bl lanHkZ esa vfHk;kstu i{k ds fdlh Hkh xokg us ;g ugha dgk fd ?kVuk ds le; e`rdk ds pkjksa cPpksa esa ls fdlh us ;g crk;k gks fd e`rdk dh gR;k iIiwjke }kjk dh xbZ Fkh vkSj tks dFku e`rdk ds firk ih-MCY;q-06 jkeyky us nhfidk }kjk ?kVuk ds ckjs esa crk, tkus ds laca/k esa fd, gSa] bl ckcr Hkh mlds iqfyl c;ku izn'kZ Mh-02 ls fojks/kkHkkl vkuk izdV gqvk gSA D;ksafd ?kVuk ds oDr nhfidk ekSds ij u gksdj jktynslj esa FkhA 26- ;fn ;g eku Hkh ysa fd nhfidk] ftldh vk;q 10 o"kZ gS vkSj mlds }kjk ?kVuk ns[kh xbZ Fkh] rks og izdj.k dh egRoiw.kZ izR;{kn'khZ lk{kh FkhA fQj Hkh e`rdk ds cPpksa dks bl izdj.k esa xokg D;ksa ugha j[kk x;k] (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (14 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] bldk dksbZ Li"Vhdj.k vfHk;kstu i{k dh vksj ls ugha vk;k gSA ;|fi vihy ds Kkiu esa ;g vo'; dg fn;k x;k fd ?kVukLFky ij e`rdk ds nks NksVs cPps gksus vkSj mez NksVh gksus ls gh izR;{kn'khZ xokg ugha FksA tcfd mi;qZDr fLFkfr esa ;fn 10 o"khZ; ckfydk nhfidk }kjk ?kVuk ns[kh xbZ Fkh] rks og izdj.k dh egRoiw.kZ lk{kh gks ldrh FkhA 27- e`rdk fyNek ds 'ko dk iksLVekVZe djus okyk xokg ih-MCY;q-13 MkWñ jktsUnz dqekj dh lk{; ds vuqlkj e`rdk ds 'kjhj ij nk;ha galyh dh gM~Mh ds Bhd Åij ,d 7 xq.kk 4 ls-eh- dk dqpyk gqvk ?kko ekStwn Fkk] ftlesa jDr nzO; ekStwn Fkk vkSj blds ekftZUl vfu;fer FksA nk;sa dku ls izkjEHk gksdj xnZu ds lkeus ls gksrs gq, ck;sa dku rd ,d dqpyk gqvk ?kko ekStwn Fkk] tks fd ekalisf'k;ksa dks fn[kkrk gqvk xgjk ?kko] ftlds lkFk nk;sa esUMhcy dk ÝsDpj Hkh Fkk ,oa FkkbjkbM dkfVZyst Hkh ÝsDpj Fkk ,oa ?kko bruk xaHkhj Fkk] ftlls Qsfjaxl] Vªsfd;k] xnZu dh cM+h ekalisf'k;ka o oslYl Hkh dVh gqbZ FkhA tek gqvk jDr bl ?kko esa ekStwn FkkA nk;sa gkFk dh dykbZ ds tksM+ ij 2 xq.kk 1 ls-eh- dh [kjksap ekStwn FkhA cksMZ dh jk; ds vuqlkj e`rdk Jherh fyNek nsoh /keZiRuh iIiwjke dh e`R;q dk dkj.k vR;f/kd jDr L=ko gksuk Fkk] ftldh iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ izn'kZ ih-34 ij , ls ch gLrk{kj crk,A bl xokg us izfrijh{k.k esa Lohdkj fd;k fd fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks bl izdkj dh pksV dkfjr dh tkos rks mls nnZ vkSj osnuk gksrh gS ,oa O;fDr fpYYkkgV@rst vkokt dj ldrk gSA bl ckr dks Hkh lgh crk;k fd iksLVekVZe fjiksVZ esa vafdr rhu pksVksa ds ,dlkFk dkfjr djus ij lkbysaV e`R;q ugha gks ldrhA bl izdkj ;g rks Li"V gS fd e`rdk dh xnZu ij tks pksVsa e`R;q ls iwoZ dkfjr gqbZ Fkh] mlh ls mldh e`R;q gqbZ Fkh] ysfdu vfHk;kstu i{k dk ;g Hkh nkf;Ro Fkk fd og pksVsa vfHk;qDr }kjk gh dkfjr dh xbZ Fkha] bls lk{; ls lkfcr fd;k tkrkA ysfdu lk{; ds nkSjku fdlh Hkh xokg us ;g ugha dgk fd jkf= ds le; mUgksaus e`rdk fyNek ds fpYykus dh Hkh vkokt lquh gksA (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (15 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] 28- xokg ih-MCY;q-10 nhun;ky ,oa ih-MCY;q-11 xks:jke dh lk{; ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr ds iguh gqbZ cfu;ku tfj, QnZ izn'kZ ih-30 tIr dh xbZ Fkh ,oa vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh dh lk{; ds vuqlkj ml ij jDr ds /kCcs ik, x, FksA lkFk gh vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;q-15 lR;sUnz dqekj ,oa xokg ih-MCY;q- 08 jkej[k dh lk{; ds vuqlkj ?kVuk esa iz;qDr dqYgkM+h dks Hkh fnukad 03-06-2012 dks vfHk;qDr dh lwpuk ds vk/kkj ij cjken djuk crk;k x;k gSA bl laca/k esa vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;q-15 lR;sUnz dqekj us lk{; ds nkSjku ;g Hkh dgk gS fd vfHk;qDr }kjk /kkjk 27 Hkkjrh; lk{; vf/kfu;e dh lwpuk fnukad 02-06-2012 dks izn'kZ ih-37 nh xbZ Fkh vkSj izn'kZ ih-37 ds vuqlkj vfHk;qDr dh ;g lwpuk Fkh fd dqYgkM+h gekjs ?kj dh Nku esa fNik j[kh gS] fQj Hkh vuqla/kku vf/kdjh ;g dgrk gS fd og tks lwpuk fnukad 02-06-2012 dks nh xbZ Fkh] ml ij cjkenxh gsrq vfHk;qDr dks ysdj ekSds ij ugha x;k Fkk] cfYd fQj ls nwljh lwpuk izn'kZ ih-38] tks fd fnukad 03-06-2012 dks nh xbZ Fkh] mldh ikyuk esa vfHk;qDr dks ysdj ekSds ij tkuk vkSj <k.kh esa cus dejs ls dqYgkM+h dh cjkenxh djuk dFku djrk gSA tcfd cjkenxh dk Lora= xokg ih-MCY;q-08 jkej[k izfrijh{k.k esa ;g dgrk gS fd <qdyjke th ds ?kj ftl fnu ?kVuk gqbZ] ml fnu x;k Fkk] mlls igys vkSj mlds ckn esa dHkh Hkh <qdyjke th ds ?kj ugha x;kA bl izdkj ?kVuk fnukad 01-06-2012 dh Fkh vkSj mlh fnu ;g xokg ekSds ij x;k FkkA bl fLFkfr esa tks dqYgkM+h dh cjkenxh bl xokg ds le{k fnukad 03-06-2012 dks vfHk;qDr dh lwpuk ds vk/kkj ij djuk crk;k x;k gS] og lansgkLin gSA blds vfrfjDr Hkh xokg ih-MCY;q-01 iqlkjke izfrijh{k.k esa ;g Lohdkj djrk gS fd eSaus dqYgkM+h dks ?kVuk ds fnu gh ns[kk Fkk vkSj ifjoknh ih-MCY;q-05 <qdyjke Hkh viuh lk{; esa ;g dgrk gS fd fyNek nsoh dh pkjikbZ dss uhps gh dqYgkM+h iM+h Fkh vkSj ?kVuk ds fnu gh iqfylokys vk, Fks ,oa mlh fnu gh dqYgkM+h cjken dh Fkh] blds ckn esa iqfyl okys ugha vk, (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (16 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] FksA e`rdk dk firk xokg ih-MCY;q-06 jkeyky dk Hkh ;g dguk gS fd iqfylokyksa us lc yksxksa dks dqYgkM+h fn[kkdj dgk fd ;g ogh dqYgkM+h gSA 29- blh izdkj ,Q-,l-,y- fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj iSdsV ekdZ& A [kwu vkyqnk feÍh] ekdZ&B lknk feÍh] ekdZ&C xqnM+s dk VqdM+k] ekdZ&D e`rdk ds Cykmt ,oa isVhdksV] ekdZ&E vfHk;qDr dh cfu;ku] ekdZ&F tIr'kqnk dqYgkM+h gSA ckn ijh{k.k buesa ls tks vfHk;qDr dh cfu;ku Fkh] mldk jDr leqg Li"V ugha gks ldk Fkk] tcfd 'ks"k ij ekuo jDr ^ A* xqzi dk ik;k x;k FkkA vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh ih-MCY;q-15 lR;sUnz dqekj Hkh izfrijh{k.k esa ;g Lohdkj djrk gS fd tc og izFke ckj ?kVukLFky ij x;k] rks yxHkx 4&5 ?kaVs jgk Fkk vkSj tks dqYgkM+h dh cjkenxh dk dejk gS] og ?kVukLFky ij gh fLFkr gSA Lora= xokg ,oa ifjoknh Hkh ;gh dgrs gSa fd [kwu yxh dqYgkM+h yk'k ds ikl gh iM+h gqbZ Fkh] fQj Hkh vuqla/kku vf/kdkjh bls rhu fnu i'pkr~ vfHk;qDr dh lwpuk ij cjkenxh djuk dgrk gSA xokg ih-MCY;q-02 ek.kdpan izfrijh{k.k esa ;g dgrk gS fd ftl fnu uD'kkekSdk cuk;k Fkk] ml fnu gh cjkenxh dj yh FkhA vr% ,slh fLFkfr esa vfHk;kstu i{k }kjk tks dqYgkM+h dh cjkenxh vfHk;qDr dh lwpuk ij djuk crk;k x;k gS] ml ij lansg gksrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;fn tIr'kqnk dqYgkM+h ij ekuo jDr ^ A* xqzi dk Hkh Fkk] rks bls vfHk;qDr ds lkFk ugha tksM+k tk ldrkA 30- bl izdj.k esa ?kVukLFky dh tks fLFkfr izdV gqbZ gS] blesa xokg ih-MCY;q-02 ek.kdpan us lk{; ds nkSjku bl ckr dks lgh crk;k gS fd izn'kZ ih-01 <qdyjke ds edku ,oa xqokM+h dk gS vkSj ;g Hkh Lohdkj djrk gS fd <qdyjke th dk edku tks n'kkZ;k gS] mlesa ^v* LFkku ij tks dejk n'kkZ;k gS] mldk njoktk ihNs dh rjQ Hkh [kqyrk gSA ifjoknh ih-MCY;q-05 <qdyjke Hkh viuh lk{; esa ;g dgrk gS fd esjs ?kj ds vUnj vkus dh xqokM+h esa nks njokts gSa] ftuesa ,d rjQ xsV yxk gS rFkk nwljh rjQ Qylk yxk gSA bl Qyls esa ls dksbZ Hkh O;fDr vkuk&tkuk dj ldrk gS D;ksafd ;g [kqyk gh jgrk gSA fyNek nsoh tgka ij jgrh Fkh] mlds vkFkq.kh rjQ dPph ckM+ Fkh] (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (17 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] tks djhc 6 QhV FkhA bl ckM+ ds vkj&ikj O;fDr FkksM+k Å¡pk gksdj ns[k ldrk gSA uD'kkekSdk ,oa gkykrekSdk izn'kZ ih-01 o izn'kZ ih-02 ds voyksdu ls Hkh ;g izdV gksrk gS fd blesa ekdZ& X LFkku pkjikbZ ij e`rdk dk 'ko crk;k x;k gS] ftlds ikl ds ekdZ& d] [k o x vU; pkjikb;ka n'kkZbZ gqbZ gSaA mDr pkjikb;ka [kqys LFkku ij gS] ftlds lkeus gh ekdZ&9 ,d [kqyh xyh n'kkZ j[kh gSA lk{; esa ;g rF; Hkh vk;k gS fd bl LFkku ds yxHkx 6 QhV dh VkVh dh pkj nhokjh gS] tgka ls dksbZ Hkh O;fDr vk ldrk gSA tcfd tks dejk n'kkZ;k x;k gS] og ekdZ&X LFkku ls ihNs dh rjQ gSA vr% bl LFkfr esa ;fn vfHk;kstu i{k dk ;g dguk gS fd vfHk;qDr }kjk ?kVuk dkfjr fd, tkus dh laHkkouk Fkh] rks tks fLFkfr uD'kkekSdk ls Li"V gqbZ] ml lanHkZ esa fdlh rhljs i{k dh mifLFkfr dh laHkkouk ls Hkh budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj dsoy ek= laHkkoukvksa ds vk/kkj ij gh vfHk;qDr dh nks"kflf) ugha dh tk ldrhA 31- vfHk;kstu i{k us vfHk;qDr }kjk e`rdk fyNek ds pfj= ij 'kd djrs gq, vDlj yM+kbZ&>xM+k ,oa ekjihV djus ls ?kVuk ds ihNs gsrqd (Motive) gksuk izdV fd;k gSA ;|fi dsoy gsrqd lkfcr ugha gksus ds vk/kkj ij gh izdj.k ij lansg ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu ;fn izdj.k ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; ij vk/kkfjr gks vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ka mlh vuq:i lkfcr ugha gks ikrh gS rks gsrqd dk egRo c<+ tkrk gSA vFkkZr~ ;fn ifjfLFkfrtU; lk{; dh izR;sd J`a[kyk lkfcr gks tkrh gS ,oa gsrqd izekf.kr ugha gks ikrk gS rks Hkh nks"kflf) gks ldrh gSA bl lanHkZ esa xokg ih-MCY;q-01 iqlkjke] tks fd iM+ksl esa gh jgrk gS] blus fyNek ,oa iIiwjke ds chp NqViqV vucu jguk rks dgk gS ysfdu vt[kqn ;g Hkh dgk gS fd ml le; eSus dksbZ NqViqV ugha ns[kh FkhA fyNek dk Hkh blds ?kj vkuk&tkuk Fkk] mlus Hkh bls yM+kbZ ckcr dqN ugha crk;k FkkA ifjoknh <qdyjke dh lk{; ds vuqlkj bldh iRuh lqanj nsoh ls fyNek dh vucu jgrh Fkh vkSj fyNek vius ihgj jkth[kq'kh xbZ FkhA xokg ih-MCY;q-04 lqanj nsoh dh lk{; ds vuqlkj Hkh fyNek nsoh vkSj (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:45 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (18 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] iIiwjke ds e/; dHkh Hkh yM+kbZ&>xM+k ugha gksrk FkkA xokg ih-MCY;q-06 jkeyky] tks fd e`rdk fyNek dk firk gS] blus rks ;g lk{; nh gS fd iIiwjke us fdl dkj.k ls ekjk] ;g ogh tkusA vt[kqn dgk fd #i;s ugha nsus dh ckr ij yM+kbZ&>xM+k djrk FkkA bl izdkj vfHk;qDr }kjk e`rdk ds pfj= ij 'kd djus ds lanHkZ esa dksbZ lk{; ugha gSA vr% gsrqd Hkh izekf.kr gksuk ugha ik;k x;k gSA 32- bl laca/k esa ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk Ballu and Ors. v. The State of Madhya Pradesh; AIR 2024 SC 1678 esa fnukad 02-04-2024 dks ikfjr fu.kZ; ds iSjk la[;k 08] 09 o 20 esa fuEu er izdV fd;k x;k gS %& "8. It is settled law that the suspicion, however strong it may be, cannot take the place of proof beyond reasonable doubt. An accused cannot be convicted on the ground of suspicion, no matter how strong it is. An accused is presumed to be innocent unless proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
9. Apart from that, it is to be noted that the present case is a case of reversal of acquittal. The law with regard to interference by the Appellate Court is very well crystallized. Unless the finding of acquittal is found to be perverse or impossible, interference with the same would not be warranted. Though, there are a catena of judgments on the issue, we will only refer to two judgments which the High Court itself has reproduced in the impugned judgment, which are as reproduced below:
"13. In case of Sadhu Saran Singh v. State of U.P. (2016) 4 SCC 397, the Supreme Court has held that:
"In an appeal against acquittal where the presumption of innocence in favour of the accused is reinforced, the appellate Court would interfere with the order of acquittal only when there is perversity of fact and law. However, we believe that the paramount (Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:46 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (19 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] consideration of the Court is to do substantial justice and avoid miscarriage of justice which can arise by acquitting the accused who is guilty of an offence. A miscarriage of justice that may occur by the acquittal of the guilty is no less than from the conviction of an innocent. Appellate Court, while enunciating the principles with regard to the scope of powers of the appellate Court in an appeal against acquittal, has no absolute restriction in law to review and relook the entire evidence on which the order of acquittal is founded."
14. Similar, In case of Harljan Bhala Teja v. State of Gujarat (2016) 12 SCC 665, the Supreme Court has held that:
"No doubt, where, on appreciation of evidence on record, two views are possible, and the trial court has taken a view of acquittal, the appellate court should not interfere with the same. However, this does not mean that in all the cases where the trial court has recorded acquittal, the same should not be interfered with, even if the view is perverse. Where the view taken by the trial court is against the weight of evidence on record, or perverse, it is always open far the appellate court to express the right conclusion after re-appreciating the evidence If the charge is proved beyond reasonable doubt on record, and convict the accused."
20. The High Court could have interfered in the criminal appeal only if it came to the conclusion that the findings of the trial Judge were either perverse or impossible. As already discussed hereinbefore, no perversity or impossibility could be found in the approach adopted by the learned trial Judge."
(Uploaded on 22/01/2026 at 04:09:12 PM) (Downloaded on 22/01/2026 at 08:50:46 PM) [2026:RJ-JD:3924-DB] (20 of 20) [CRLAD-14/2026] 33- bl izdkj miq;ZDr laiw.kZ lk{; dh fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk tks fu"d"kZ nsdj izR;FkhZ&vfHk;qDr dh vkjksfir vijk/k esa nks"keqfDr dh xbZ gS] mlesa gLr{ksi dh vko';drk gksuk izdV ugha gksus ls ;g vihy [kkfjt fd, tkus ;ksX; gSA 34- ifj.kker% vihykFkhZ&jktLFkku jkT; dh vksj ls izLrqr ;g vihy [kkfjt dh tkrh gS ,oa fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk ikfjr fu.kZ; fnukad 28-08-2023 dks ;Fkkor j[kk tkrk gSA bl fu.kZ; dh izfr lfgr fo}ku fopkj.k U;k;ky; dk vfHkys[k 'kh?kz izsf"kr gksA (CHANDRA SHEKHAR SHARMA),J (VINIT KUMAR MATHUR),J 107-Rajendra/-
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