National Green Tribunal
M C Mehta vs Union Of India on 1 May, 2024
Item No. 06 Court No. 1
BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL
PRINCIPAL BENCH, NEW DELHI
Original Application No. 200/2014
(IA No. 340/2022, MA No. 872/2018,
MA No. 875/2014 & MA No. 480/2018)
M.C. Mehta Applicant
Versus
Union of India & Ors. Respondent(s)
Date of hearing: 01.05.2024
CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE PRAKASH SHRIVASTAVA, CHAIRPERSON
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE SUDHIR AGARWAL JUDICIAL MEMBER
HON'BLE DR. A. SENTHIL VEL, EXPERT MEMBER
Applicant: Ms. Katyayni, Adv.
Respondent: Mr. Rishi Kumar Awasthi, Adv. for the State of Bihar
Mr. Gigi. C. George, Adv. for NMCG
ORDER
1. In this matter, the Tribunal is considering the issue of prevention and control of pollution of river Ganga and the matter is being taken up State-wise, District-wise and City-wise covering the entire stretch from where river Ganga and its tributaries are flowing.
2. Today the matter is being taken up to consider the status in the State of Bihar. In terms of the earlier direction of the Tribunal, the reports by the different Districts of Bihar have been filed and a consolidated report on behalf of the State of Bihar compiling the information relating to all the 38 districts has been filed in terms of the order of the Tribunal dated 19.02.2024.
3. We have heard learned Counsel for the parties and perused that report.
1
4. Learned Counsel appearing for the Applicant has pointed out that in the State of Bihar, there are inadequate Sewage Treatment Plants (STP's) and almost entire untreated sewage is flowing to river Ganga and it's tributaries. She has further referred to the news item published on 19.01.2024 in 'The Economic Times' titled "4737 private healthcare facilities in Bihar flouted biomedical waste disposal norms: official" which reveals that 4737 private healthcare facilities have failed to comply with the norms of biomedical waste disposal. Hence, the Bihar State Pollution Control Board (BSPCB) has decided to take action. She has further submitted that the non-compliance is to the extent that even NHRC has initiated action. She has also referred to another report published on 02.03.2022 in 'The Economic Times' titled "Massive groundwater contamination in 31 of 38 districts in Bihar: Economic Survey". This news report discloses that there is massive chemical contamination in groundwater in large parts of rural Bihar where drinking water sources are unsafe for consumption and they pose a health risk. It further refers to the 16th Bihar Economic Survey Report 2021-22 revealing that the groundwater in rural areas in 31 out of 38 districts is affected by arsenic fluoride and iron contamination and that there is chemical contamination in groundwater in 30,272 rural wards and that a total of 4,742 rural wards in 14 districts situated along the Ganga are particularly affected by arsenic contamination. It further reveals that drinking water sources in 3,791 rural wards in 11 districts are affected by fluoride contamination and there is presence of excess iron in nine Kosi basin districts and few areas in other districts. Counsel for the Applicant is permitted to place these news items on record by a proper affidavit.
5. So far as the issue of demarcation of floodplain zone in the State of Bihar is concerned, the floodplain zone of river Ganga and its tributaries 2 is required to be demarcated in terms of the River Ganga (Rejuvenation, Protection and Management) Authorities Order, 2016 wherein the floodplain area has been clearly defined.
6. Learned Counsel appearing for the State of Bihar had made an attempt to submit that there is difficulty in demarcation of floodplain zone but he could not point out even a single cogent reason justifying the delay in this regard by the State Authorities. Not even a single effective step has been taken by the State Authorities in Bihar to demarcate the floodplain zone of river Ganga and its tributaries.
7. In the matter of Mahesh Kumar vs. State of Uttar Pradesh through Chief Secretary, OA No. No. 275/2023 and Alok Kumar vs. Union of India Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate Change, OA No. 569/2023, recently the steps have been taken for demarcation of the floodplain zones of River Yamuna and Hindon in the Greater Noida and Gautam Buddha Nagar District after obtaining 1 meter contour from the Survey of India. The latest order passed by the Tribunal dated 29.04.2024 in the matter of Mahesh Kumar (supra) and Alok Kumar (supra), in this regard is as under:
"1. In this Original Application, pivotal issue is in respect of demarcation of floodplain zone of River Yamuna and River Hindon in the concerned districts and unauthorised constructions thereon.
2. Tribunal in the order dated 12.03.2024 had expressed the opinion that Survey of India which is a national repute surveying agency can be engaged for demarcation of floodplain zone of River Yamuna and River Hindon.
3. Learned AAG appearing for State of UP has informed that so far as the floodplain zone of River Yamuna in the district is concerned, Survey of India has given the map with one metre contour for the stretch of 75 kilometres, out of which, identification of the stretch of 30 kilometer has been done and of remaining 45 kilometre will be done within one week and shape file will be prepared within this period and shared with the Survey of India.3
4. She has submitted that demarcation of floodplain zone of entire 75 kilometre stretch will require four weeks time.
5. She has further submitted that since the parliamentary elections are in progress, therefore, four weeks time from 4th of June be granted for this purpose.
6. So far as demarcation of floodplain zone of River Hindon in the district under consideration is concerned, she has submitted that map with contours more than one metre were earlier received which were not found to be feasible and workable, hence, map with one metre contour has to be prepared for which Survey of India has sought three months time. She has submitted that state authorities will duly pursue the matter with the Survey of India to ensure that within this three months map of floodplain zone of River Hindon with one metre contour is received.
7. In view of the above submission, we grant further time as prayed above by Learned AAG to complete the process of demarcation of floodplain zone of River Yamuna in the two districts and also to obtain the map from Survey of India and take action for identification of floodplain zone of River Hindon and preparation of shape file on the basis of that report within three months and file action taken report at least one week before the next date of hearing.
8. List on 07.08.2024."
8. The concerned authorities in Bihar can also obtain one meter contour map from Survey of India and take appropriate steps for demarcation of the floodplain zone by following the same.
9. So far as the status of STPs in the State of Bihar is concerned, we have been informed by learned Counsel appearing for National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) that a sum of Rs. 824 crores have been released for construction of STP at Digha.
10. Counsel for the Applicant has referred to internal page 11 of the notes of submission - Bihar (Muzaffarpur and Patna) (page 82), wherein the location of construction of STP in Digha is shown and she has pointed out that this STP is being constructed right in the middle of the river. She has further referred to internal page 62 of the 'Contractor's Environmental and Social Assessment Report' and has submitted that 4 the location where the Digha STP is being constructed was completely inundated in October 2019, therefore, if the STP is allowed to be constructed in that location, there is every possibility that it will get inundated and all the sewage of the STP will flow into the river. She has referred to the Clause 4.4 of the report (internal page 61) relating to 'Natural Hazards' and clearly mentioning as under:
"Floods - The study area is located in an area vulnerable to floods according to the BMTPC Flood Hazard Map."
11. She has also referred to the 'Natural Hazards' of 'Cyclone' in the same clause which mentions as under:
"Cyclones - The study area lies in the Very High Damage Risk Zone B (50 m/s) according to the BMTPC Wind and Cyclone Hazard Map. The project location experiences cyclones periodically, latest being in May 2020."
12. Learned Counsel for the NMCG seeks time to obtain instruction as to why the Digha STP in such a location has been allowed to be set up. If the need so arises, the NMCG, in consultation with all other concerned authorities, can review its decision permitting setting up of STP in such a location, within six weeks.
13. Counsel for the NMCG is also directed to disclose in the report the details of funds which have been released by the NMCG for construction of different STPs in the State and the status of utilization of funds by the State of Bihar till now including funding in Ganga Action Plan (GAP)-I and II. NMCG is also directed to file an independent report on performance of the State of Bihar in reducing sewage pollution load entering into Ganga in quantifiable terms and improvement observed in terms of water quality of river Ganga particularly with regard to faecal coliform.
5
14. Learned Counsel for the Applicant has done a strenuous job of preparing the status of the waste treatment on the basis of the report of 38 districts submitted by the State of Bihar. The summary report prepared by Counsel for the Applicant district-wise and head-wise is as under:
District Sewage Industries BMW MSW Legacy Hotels/ FPZ Mining / C& D waste ashrams Demarc HZW waste ation/ E flow Purnea Tot generation- Industries- Tot MSW- Tot- Tot- 32 Pg 34297 Cases- (33983) 63.19 MLD Effluent generatio142.08TP 36893 CTE/CT Annex I 449 (2 NN & 8 generated- n- D Treated- ton/year O- 09 Status Penalty- NP) Treated- No 1300 KLD 269.25 50TPD Timeline STP- Not report on 228.97 STP Treated GAP- - 2yrs known FPZ lakhs ETP- at 92.08 TPD (no other (by (2023-24) GAP- 100% installed CBWTF, Dumping detail) WRD) 3yrs timeline 1 Unit- Bhagalp site and GAP- **zoning *Illegal (no other detail Non ur some 100% not mining provided) compliant waste is feasible rampant No CETP (*No. of used for No water quality HZW- HCF/ filling low assessment done boiler ash waste lying used for water areas.
FC: filing low treatment C&D lying status not waste- 10 areas. provided TPD Distilleries ) Used for are ZLD filing roads No treatment/ recovery units Saharsa Tot generation- Industries- Tot- 401 MSW- Tot- not Tot- 11 FPZ- 7 FIRs (33991) 55.944 MLD kg/ day 47.356 provided done on (April 23-
Effluent (as per TPD No Koshi Nov 23)
6 ULB GAP- 100% Tot- 200 Health Treated- Timeline CTE/CT river
36 months KLD dept) 2.959 - 36 O
timeline (no months No
other detail ETP- 393.21 GAP- 44. industrial provided) installed (as per 397 encroach BSPCB) ment No water quality No CETP C&D assessment done Treated waste-
HZW- at- 8.9415
FC: boiler ash CBWTF TPD
used for Muzaffar (self-
filling low pur utilized by
lying ULBs)
areas.
No
6
treatment/
recovery
units
Supaul Tot- 26.147 78 GPI Tot Tot- 61.29 Tot- not Tot- 18 Not River
(33995) MLD generatio TPD provided identifie Koshi- 2
Tot n- Treated- No CTE/ d as the FIR
6 ULBs GAP- 100% effluent 225.01 0.2 TPD Timeline CTO Govt Fine- 30
No STP generated- - 1 yr does not lakhs
300 KLD CBWTF- GAP- have
STP under Muzaffar 61.09 TPD access to
construction- 3 ETP- pur high
(timeline- 24 installed C&D resolutio
months) waste- n digital
2 STP No CETP 0.174 TPD elevation
sanctioned (2.5 (self- model
mld each, HZW- No utilized by for river
timeline- 36 info ULBs) flood
months) plain.
No (Koshi
No water quality treatment/ and
assessment done recovery Bhagmat
units i river)
FC: 1300 MPN/
100 ml Encroach
ment-
Madhepu Tot generation- No GPI in Tot Tot- 59.07 Tot BSPCB- No direct FIR- 05
ra 21.69 MLD Madhepur generatio TPD quantity No discharg (2023-24)
(34001) a n- and applicati e of
No STP 372.65 Treated- location- on for pollutant Fine- 7.71
ULBs- 6 GAP- 100% Tot 2.6 TPD Not CTE/CT s by lakhs
effluent- CBWTF- provided O by encroach
Timeline- 36 44 KLD Muzaffar GAP- hotels/ ers on
months pur 56.47 TPD **Legac ashrams either
ETP- y waste side of
FC (Koshi installed Timeline- cleared River
river)- 17000 24 months by filling Koshi
MPN/ 100 ml CETP- not landsite/ and it's
technically C& D dump tributarie
No water quality feasible waste- site s
assessment done disposed
HZW- by home
boiler ash owners.
used for No need
filling low for plant
lying to be
areas. establishe
d
Sitamarhi Tot generation- Tot no. of Tot Tot Total **Tot- FPZ- not Registratio
(34005) 49.03 MLD units- .... HCF- ... generation quantity Not done, n of cases-
- 98.7 not provided there no Panchayat
No STP Tot Tot TPD provided. 07 data on - 20
MC- 1 GAP- 100% effluent- generatio Treated- hotels/ pollution MC- 05
Nagar 780 KLD n- 10.083 Timeline ashrams- in
parishad- Timeline- 36 to 370.22 - 1 yrs have floodplai Departme
2 48 months ETP- kg GAP- valid n nt- 25
Nagar No further detail Operation 88.617 CTE/CT
panchayat- on proposed al Disposal TPD O.
7
2 STPs and - Others
capacity. CETP- not CBWTF **Treated have
technically Muzaffar waste been
FC MPN/100ml feasible pur utilisation- notified
compostin by
River Bhagmati- No GPIs g, filling BSPCB
17000 in landfill
River Sitamarhi. sites and
Manusmar- One converting
7900 distillery- plastic to
River closed fuel.
Lakhandei-
17000 and HZW- C&D
35000 boiler ash Waste-
used for 3.43 TPD
filling low No C& D
lying Treatment
areas. facility.
**Waste
used for
filling
potholes.
Sheohar Tot sewage No GPIs Tot MSW tot Landfill No FPZ- Not Mining-
(34014) generation- 5 BMW generation tot- applicati done No case
MLD Tot no. of generate - **untreat on of registered
(Parishad) units not d- 76.42 22.4 TPD ed waste hotels/ within a
No STP provided. is ashrams year on
(decision for CBWTF- Treated- dumped operating River
need of STP will Tot Muzaffar 4.1 TPD on govt with Ganga
be taken) effluent pur GAP-M lant, so valid
generation 18.3 TPD there is CTE/CT
Gap 100% - 25KLD no O
C&D legacy
Timeline- 36 ETP- Waste- waste (@
months installed self Daudchh
utilized apra)
WQA- no done CETP-
Technicall No plant
y not establishe
feasible d
HZW-
boiler ash
used for
filling low
lying
areas.
Darbhang Tot sewage Tot BMW MSW- No Hotels- No FIR- 0
a generation- effluent- generatio427.69 legacy 17
(34024) 196.27 MLD 145 KLD n- TPD waste applicati
804.20 (170 TPD on of
(NN- 1, (*cumulative od Tot no. of cumulativ Utilisatio hotels/
NP- 2 rural area- units- not CBWTF- e rural n of ashrams
N 117.23 MLD- provided Muzaffar data) treated operating
Panchayat soakpits) pur legacy with
- 8) ETP- Treated- waste- valid
No STP (2 STP installed 307.43 landfill CTE/CT
proposal sent- TPD site O
8
22.6 & 1.7 CETP-
MLD) technically GAP-
not 120.26
Gap 100% feasible TPD
Timeline- 36 HZW- C&D
months boiler ash waste-
used for 2.33 TPD
WQA- no done filling low
FC- 3300 MPN/ lying Self
100 ml areas. utilisation,
(River Kamala) road
FC- 2300 MPN/ constructi
100 ml (River on
Bhagmati)
Jamui Sewage Industrial BMW- MSW tot Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
(34035) generation- waste- 0 99.63 generation waste- Ahrams- flood NP/
17.098 MLD Kg/day - 43.5 No 07 are prone Panchayat
NP- 2 (Disposed in No TPD legacy operating area in - 75 cases
N low l**ying industries Disposal waste in without Jamui. Fine-
Panchayat areas) - Treatment NP CTE/CT 248.96
-1 CBWTF - 16.4 Jamui O lakhs
STP-0 Bhagalp TPD and Ngr
GAP- 100% ur Panchay Departme
GAP- at nt (Rural)-
Treatment 27.1TPD Sikandra. 195 cases,
timeline- 36 163.68
months NP lakhs
C& D Jhajha-
WQA- for Kiul waste- 0.9 legacy
river, Ulai river- TPD waste
not provided, as Used in remediati
there are no local on
monitoring constructi timeline-
stations on 3 yes
Utilisatio
n of
remediat
ed waste-
landfill
site
Bhojpur Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
(34041) generation - 92.99 174.54 waste- ashrams- 156 cases
18.94 MLD + Effluent- kgs TPD all clear 07 (2023-24)
ULB- 8 Arrah city 4110 KLD in the opearting
discharge (print Disposal Treated- landfill with Fine-
not clear) ETP- - 10.92 TPD site valid 510.03
installed CBWTF CTO/CT lakhs
Treated- No Sheikhpu GAP- E
STP CETP- ra Patna 163.62 Utilisatio
technically TPD n of
GAP- 100% not remediat
feasible ed waste-
Timeline- 36 C& D compost
months HZW- Waste- 37 pit and e
only boiler TPD waste
9
WQA- ash Used for- composti
FC- Gangaji- generated, road and ng
22000- 1300 used pit filling machine
MPN/ 100ml filling low
lying
River Sone- areas.
22000- 17000
MPN/ 100 ml
Gopalgan Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
j generation - 481.5 77.41 TPD waste- ashrams- FIR 12
(34051) 28.04 MLD Effluent- No data. 4
2900 KLD Disposal Treated- 2 Timeline applicati
NP- 3 Treated- No - TPD - 3yrs on of Fine-
Ngr STP ETP- CBWTF hotels/ 385.23
panchayat- installed Muzaffar GAP- Utilisatio ashrams lakhs
2 GAP- 100 % pur 75.41 TPD n of with
CETP- remediat valid
Timeline- 3 yrs technically C& D ed waste- CTE/CT
not Waste- dump O
WQA feasible 5.85 TPD site/
FC- River Daha- waste
54000- 24000 HZW- pickers
MPN only boiler and
River Gandak- ash filling
7900 MPN generated, low land
used
filling low
lying
areas.
Saran/ Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
chapra generation - 364.36 210.867 waste- ashrams- lodged for
(34059) 27.873 MLD Effluent- TPD Not 7 Gangaji
10 KLD Disposal provided applicati and
NN- 1 Treated- 2 STPs - Treated- on of Gandak
N for drains 1.5 ETP- CBWTF 11.167 Remedia hotels/ river
panchayat- and 1.3 MLD Installed Muzaffar TPD tion- 12 ashrams
6 (STP capacity CETP- pur months with
32 MLD and 3.5 technically GAP- valid Fine-
MLD) not 199.7 TPD CTE/CT
feasible Utilisatio O
GAP- almost C& D n of
100% HZW- Waste- remediat
10.9 TPD ed waste-
Timeline- 36 RDF,
months Self- MRF,
utilisation, dumping
WQA road repair site,
FC- Gangaji- compost
13000 MPN/ pit
100 ml- 24000
Ghaghra river-
11000 MPN
Gandak river-
28000 MPN/
100 ml
Samastip Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
10
ur generation - 711.54 381.06 waste- ashrams- FIR 17
(34068) 76.723 MLD Effluent- TPD (216 No (2023- 24)
(10 MLD dist 2070 KLD Disposal TPD- dist legacy 7
NN- 1 water - water and waste applicati
NP- 4 committee, rural ETP- CBWTF saniation except in ons of Fine-
Ngr area) installed Muzaffar dept NP hotels/
Panchayat pur committee Daldingh ashrams
-3 Treated- 0 STP CETP- - treated sarai- with
Rural area technically entirely) 24000 valid
GAP- 100% not ton CTE/CT
feasible Treated- O
Timeline- 36 21.16 (out
Months (1 HZW- of 165. 06 Utilisatio project 24 only boiler TPD) n of months) ash remediat generated, GAP- ed waste-
WQA used 143.9 TPD
FC- budhi filling low
gandak- 17000 lying C& D
MPN areas. Waste- 1.8
TPD
Self
utilised
Kaimur Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
(34080) generation - 31.75 48.51 TPD waste- ashrams- 12 FIR
17.84 MLD Effluent- 34
ULB- 5 650 KLD Disposal Treated- Timeline No
Treated- 0 - 9.95 TPD - 1 yrs CTE/CT Fine-
ETP- CBWTF O
GAP- 100% installed Patna GAP-
38.56 TPD Utilisatio
Timeline- CETP- n of
**tentatively technically C& D remediat
2027 not Waste- ed waste-
feasible variable currently
WQA- No the same
sampling HZW- place as
only boiler the
ash MSW
generated, dump
used site
filling low
lying
areas.
Nalanda Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy
Hotels/ FPZ- no Mining-
(34087) generation - 97.82 328.6 TPD waste-
ashrams- No info
33.91 MLD Effluent- 1
NN- 1 2300 KLD Disposal Treated- Treatme applicati Fine-
NP- 3 Treated- 1 STP -CBWTF 37.5 TPD nt- ons of
Ngr Treatment/ day- ETP- Patna Tender/ hotels/
panchayat- 3.5 MLD installed GAP- DPR ashrams
11 Capacity and 291.1 TPD stage with
utilisation- 10 CETP- valid
MLD technically C& D CTE/CT
not Waste- Utilisatio O
GAP- 100% feasible 2.88 TPD n of
11
remediat
Timeline- 3- 4 HZW- No plant ed waste-
yrs only boiler establishe resource
ash d recovery,
WQA- no generated, Utilization energy
used - filling generatio
filling low low lying n,
lying areas cosntruct
areas. ion
material,
landfill,
filling
low lying
areas.
Aurangab Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
ad generation - No GPI 75.88 61.66 TPD waste- ashrams- 133
(34099) 29.534 No 3
Effluent- Disposal Treated- applicati
NP- 2 Treated- No 262 KLD - 4.642 ons of Fine-
Ngr STP ETP- CBWTF hotels/
panchayat- installed Gaya GAP- ashrams
4 GAP- 100% *57.018 with
CETP- valid
Timeline- 36 technically C& D CTE/CT
months not Waste- tot O
feasible generation
WQA not given.
FC- 17000 HZW-
MPN/ 100 ml only boiler Plant
ash capacity-
generated, 160+ 60
used KLD
filling low
lying
areas.
Siwan Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
(34105) generation - 450. 33 130.56 waste- ashrams- FIR 8
118.4 MLD Effluent- TPD 18
NP- 1 300 KLD Disposal Timeline applicati
Ngr Treated- No - Treated- 0 - 36 ons of Fine-
panchayat- STP ETP- CBWTF months hotels/ 415.16
8 installed Muzaffar GAP- ashrams
GAP- 100% pur 100% Utilisatio with
CETP- n of valid
Timeline- 36 technically C& D remediat CTE/CT
months not Waste- ed waste- O
feasible filling
WQA low lying
FC- River Not HZW- areas
17000 - 35000 only boiler
ash
generated,
used
filling low
lying
areas.
Munger Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
12
(34113) generation - 86.91 211.44 waste- ashrams- FIR 22
41.23 MLD Effluent- TPD (144000 No
NP- 500 KLD Disposal MT applicati
Treated- 0 - Treated- 300 MT/ ons of Fine-
ETP- CBWTF 36.83 TPD 24 hotels/ 319.21
GAP- 100% installed Bhagalp months ashrams lakh
ur GAP- 8460 with
Timeline- 1 CETP- 173.61 TPD) valid
STP- 3 to 4 Technicall TPD CTE/CT
months and y not Utilisatio O
another STP in feasible C& D n of
36 months (no Waste- remediat
other details HZW- 2.25 TPD ed waste-
provided) only boiler + west
ash waste is
WQA generated, No plant used as
FC- Gangaji used for fertilizer
17000- 24000 filling low treatment and RDF
lying id
areas. disposed
to
cement
factory
Banka Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- 30 Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
(34122) generation - 150.72 TPD waste- ashrams- FIR 178
17.5 MLD Effluent- No such
NP- 1 Treated- 0 880 KLD Disposal Treated- Timeline facility
Ngr (proposed 4 STP ETP- - 5.35 ton - 36 exists Fine-
panchayat- of 26.2 MLD) Installed CBWTF months 762.7
3 Bhagalp GAP- lakhs
GAP- 100% CETP- ur 24.65 ton
Technicall Utilisatio
Timeline- 36 y not C& D n of
months feasible Waste- 7 remediat
Ton ed waste-
WQA- lean HZW- compost
water only boiler Filling fertilizer
ash low lying
generated, land
used
filling low
lying
areas.
Lakhisara Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- 42 Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
i generation - 19 108.01 TPD waste- ashrams- FIR 65
(34130) MLD Effluent- No No such
60 KLD Disposal Treated- establish Fine-
NP- 3 Treated- 0 - 16 TPD ment
ETP- CBWTF Utilisatio
GAP- 100% installed Bhagalp GAP- 26 n of
ur TPD remediat
Timeline- 1 STP CETP- ed waste-
@ 6 MLD will Technicall C& D land
be completed in y not Waste- filling
1 yr feasible 1.05 TPD
13
2 STP@ HZW- Dumped
11MLD only boiler in
proposed ash temporary
generated, site
WQA- No used
sampling done filling low
lying
areas.
Nawada Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
(34136) generation - 67.72 102.83 waste- ashrams- no info
34.6 MLD Effluent- Ton 42 ton/ No
NP- 3 150 KLD Disposal 12 applicati
Treated- No - Treated- months ons of Fine-
STP ETP- CBWTF 9.6 ton 6833 ton/ hotels/
installed Gaya 24 ashrams
GAP- 100% GAP- months with
CETP- 93.23 ton valid
Timeline- 2028 technically CTE/CT
not C& D Utilisatio O
WQA- No feasible Waste- n of
sampling self remediat
HZW- utilised ed waste-
only boiler dumping
ash site in
generated, low lying
used area
filling low
lying
areas.
Sheikhpu Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
ra generation - 38.01 kg/ 62.71 TPD waste- ashrams- No mining
(34141) 19.548 MLD Effluent- day 12 No
60 KLD Treated- months applicati
NP- 2 Treated- No Disposal 7.73 TPD ons of Fine-
Ngr STP ETP- - Utilisatio hotels/
panchayat- installed CBWTF GAP- n of ashrams
2 GAP- 100% Gaya 54.98 TPD remediat with
CETP- ed waste- operating
Timeline- 3 Yrs technically C& D compost valid
not Waste- and inert CTE/CT
WQA- no feasible 0.305 TPD material O
sampling done Self disposed.
HZW- utilised
only boiler
ash
generated,
used
filling low
lying
areas.
Patna Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
(34147) generation - 5249.93 1304.16 waste- ashrams- FIR- 306
212.506 MLD Effluent- TPD 79
NN- 1 2000 KLD Disposal Treated- applicati
NP- 10 Treated- 106.5 -CBWTF Treated- 7.1 lakh ons of Fine-
N MLD ETP- Patna 782.2 TPD ton @ hotels/
Panchayat Existing STP installed Patna ashrams
14
-5 tot. capacity GAP- NN operating
@104 MLD CETP- 648TPD with
Technicall valid
GAP- 106.006 y not C& D Utilisatio CTE/CT
MLD feasible Waste- n of O
224.1 remediat
Timeline- 2 STP HZW- TON ed waste-
@mokama and only boiler 474 KG
bakhtiyarpur ash
will be complete generated, Plant- 50
by 31/12/24. used TPD
filling low Utilized
STP @ Barh- 15 lying capacity-
yrs areas. 25 TPD
Etc..
WQA
FC- Gangaji-
3300- 24000
MPN
Madhuba Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- no Mining-
ni generation - 512.67 110.997 waste- ashrams- FIR 24
(34166) 37.27 MLD Effluent- TPD 6
335 KLD Disposal Timeline applicati
NN- 1 Treated- 0 - Treated- - 2025- ons of Fine-
NP- 1 ETP- CBWTF 62.171 2027 hotels/ 109.07
N GAP- 100% installed Muzaffar TPD ashrams
Panchayat pur Utilisatio with
-4 Timeline- 2 yrs/ CETP- GAP- n of operating
36 months/ 24 Technicall 48.826 remediat valid
months y not TPD ed waste- CTE/CT
feasible O
WQA C& D
FC- HZW- Waste-
Kamala river- only boiler No
2700- 1300 ash treatment
Dhos river- generated, plant
4900- 13000 used establishe
filling low d
lying
areas.
Buxar Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
(34175) generation - 27.74 102.42 ton waste- ashrams- FIR 06
29.74 MLD Effluent- 58,018 No illegal
NP- 1 181 KLD Disposal Treated- 5 Ton applicati transportat
Ngr Treated- 0 - ton ons of ion
panchayat- ETP- CBWTF Timeline hotels/ No case of
4 GAP- 100% installed Patna GAP- - 2024 ashrams illegal
97.42 ton with mining
Timeline CETP- not Utilisatio operating registered
technically C& D n of valid
WQA feasible Waste- remediat CTE/CT
FC Gangaji- 1.17 ton ed waste- O Fine-
4900- 17000 HZW- Treatment dump
MPN only boiler plant not site
ash available
generated,
15
used
filling low
lying
areas.
Bhagalpu Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining- 5
r generation - 13 4806.23 344.547 waste- ashrams- cases
(34183) 111.26 MLD TPD 161862 11
Effluent- Disposal ton applicati
NN- 1 Treated- 558 KLD - Treated- No ons of Fine-
NP- 2 1 STP @10 CBWTF 38.71 treatment hotels/
Ngr MLD ETP- Bhagalp ashrams
panchayat- (sultanganj) Installed ur GAP- with
5 with utilisation 305.837 Utilisatio operating
capacity 4.42 CETP- not n of valid
MLD for 9.99 technically C& D remediat CTE/CT
MLD discharge feasible Waste- ed waste- O
8.74 MT
GAP- 106.84 No plant,
MLD HZW- self-
only boiler utilised by
Timeline ash ULBs
generated,
WQA used
FC- Gangaji filling low
54000- 1300 lying
MPN areas.
Araria Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
(34197) generation - 122.64 83.8 TPD waste- 0 ashrams- FIR 11
32.01 MLD Effluent- 5
ULB- 6 1100 KLD Disposal Treated- Timeline applicati
Treated- 0 STP - cbwtf 0.667 TPD - 48 ons of Fine-
ETP- Bhagalp months hotels/ 108.55
GAP- 100% installed ur GAP- ashrams lakh
83.133 Utilisatio with
Timeline- 36 CETP- TPD n of operating
Months Not remediat valid
technically C& D ed waste- CTE/CT
WQA feasible Waste- on O
FC- Parmar 65.15 TPD dumpsite
river HZW- Self
17000 MPN/ only boiler utilisation,
100ML ash no plant
generated,
used
filling low
lying
areas.
Rohtas Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
(34201) generation - 75 57.26 142.42 waste- ashrams- 311 FIR
MLD + 50 kg Effluent- TPD 2.50.3.00 04 (April 23
NN- 1 850 KLD Disposal ton/yr applicati to March
NP- 3 Treated- 0 STP - Treated- ons of 24)
Nrg ETP- CBWTF 29.4 hotels/
Panchayat GAP- 100% installed Patna Utilisatio ashrams
-7 GAP- n of with Fine-
Departme Timeline CETP- not 113.02 remediat operating 1118.59
16
nt of civil technically ed waste- valid lakhs
surgeon- 1 WQA feasible C& D on CTE/CT
FC- Sone river- Waste- dumpsite O
3300 MPN/ 100 HZW- 1.56 TPD
ML only boiler (MC
ash Sasaram)
generated,
used
filling low
lying
areas.
Muzaffar Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
pur generation - 7427.59 337.232 waste- ashrams- FIR 17
(34210) 99.76 MLD Effluent- kg/day TPD 263490 55 (2023- 24)
1700 KLD MT applicati
MC- 1 Treated- 0 STP Disposal Treated- ons of
NP- 3 ETP- - 112.63 hotels/ Fine-
Nrg GAP- 100% Installed CBWTF TPD Utilisatio ashrams 369.94
panchayat- Muzaffar n of with Lakhs
7 Timeline- NA CETP- not pur GAP- remediat operating
technically 224.602 ed waste- valid
WQA feasible TPD RDF, CTE/CT
FC landfill, O
Gandak river- HZW- C& D bio
17000 MPN only boiler Waste- 11 fertilizer
Burhi Gandak- ash TPD
17000 MPN generated,
used
filling low
lying
areas.
Khagaria Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
(34222) generation - 155.32 64.235 waste- ashrams- FIR 19
35.622 MLD Effluent- kg TPD no BSPCB (April
NP- 2 50 KLD is 2023-
Ngr Treated- 0 STP Disposal Treated- 1 monitori March 24)
panchayat- ETP- - ton Utilisatio ng
4 GAP- 100% installed CBWTF n of
Bhagalp GAP- remediat Fine-
Timeline- under CETP- not ur 63.235 ed waste-
approval technically TPD dumped
feasible in
WQA C& D temporar
FC- Gandak HZW- Waste- 2.5 y waste
river- 13000 only boiler ton zone
MPN ash No need
generated, for any
used plant, C&
filling low D waste is
lying locally
areas. consumed
Katihar Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining- 3
(34230) generation - 8.4 150.08 167.65 waste- ashrams- cases
MLD Effluent- TPD + 60 157242 9 registered
NN- 1 171 KLD Disposal kgs tonnes applicati
17
Ngr Treated- - (from 1 ons of
panchayat- bioremediation ETP- CBWTF Treated- Nagar hotels/ Fine-
7 for 3 drains installed Bhagalp 26.22 nigam, ashrams
Dept of ur TPD+ 36 Nagar with
water and GAP- 100% CETP- not kgs panchaya operating
sanitation technically ts have valid
committee Timeline feasible GAP- no CTE/CT
-1 141.43 legacy O
WQA HZW- TPD+ 24 waste)
FC Koshi river- only boiler kgs
35000 MPN ash
generated, C& D Utilisatio
used Waste- n of
filling low 16.05 TPD remediat
lying ed waste-
areas. MRF
plant
installed
Gaya Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- Mining-
(34241) generation -96.4 2146.13 580.38 waste- ashrams- Rivers- 123
MLDa Effluent- TPD 6 Falgu,
ULB- 9 400 KLD Disposal applicati morhar,
Treated- 1 STP - Treated- Utilisatio ons of dardha, Fine-
@ 10 MLD ETP- CBWTF 511.37 n of hotels/ mohane,
(status of installed Gaya TPD (no remediat ashrams palmar
operation not details ed waste- with etc - No
known) CETP- not given operating FPZ
technically about valid done
GAP- 100% feasible treatment CTE/CT
facilities) O
Timeline HZW-
only boiler GAP-
WQA ash 69.01 TPD
generated,
used C& D
filling low Waste-
lying 51.472
areas. tonnes
No plant
for
treatment
Motihari/ Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining-
east generation - 35 No major 100 kgs/ 58.52 TPD waste- ashrams- 0
champara MLD industry day (Pg. 32 TPD applicati
n 34253) Treated- ons of Fine-
(34252) Treated- 0 Effluent- 12 TPD hotels/
3931 kg/ Utilisatio ashrams
GAP- 100% ETP- month GAP- n of with
(Pg. 45.52 TPD remediat operating
Timeline CETP- 34261) ed waste- valid
C& D CTE/CT
WQA HZW- HCF- 25 Waste- 4.2 O
only boiler TPD
ash Disposal
generated, -
used CBWTF
18
filling low Muzaffar
lying pur
areas.
Bettiah/ Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- no Mining-
west generation - NA 507.02 341.5 TPD waste- ashrams- FIR 23
champara Effluent- approc 9
n Treated- NA 6000 kld Disposal Treated- 200000 applicati
(34265) - 42 TPD tonnes ons of Fine- 9.10
GAP- NA ETP- CBWTF hotels/ lakhs
installed Muzaffar GAP- ashrams
Timeline- NA pur 299.5 TPD Utilisatio with
CETP- not n of operating
WQA technically C& D remediat valid
FC- Ramrekha feasible Waste- ed waste- CTE/CT
river- 92000 4.65 tpdm O
MPN HZW-
Harha river- only boiler
22000 MPN ash
Sikrahna river- generated, 28000 MPN used Harbora river- filling low 1700 MPN lying Kohra river- areas.
13000 Kishanga Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining- nj generation - 211.43 76.02 TPD waste- ashrams- FIR 8 (34273) 22.7 MLD Effluent- Nil 01 (April 23- 1800 KLD Disposal Treated- applicati March 24) NP- 1 Treated- 0 - 0.4 TPD ons of Ngr ETP- CBWTF Utilisatio hotels/ panchayat- GAP- 100% Bhagalp GAP- n of ashrams Fine-
3 CETP- ur 75.62 TPD remediat with
Timeline- NA ed waste- operating
HZW- C& D valid
WQA- only boiler Waste- 1.1 CTE/CT
FC- 13000 MPN ash O
generated,
used
filling low
lying
areas.
Begusarai Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- Mining-
(34277) generation - 157.74 178.9 TPD waste- ashrams- 11 cases
63.14 MLD Effluent- kg/day 169520 15
NN- 1 1777KLD Treated- ton applicati
NP- 5 Treated- 0 Disposal 52.2 tpd ons of Fine-
ETP- - hotels/
GAP- 100% installed CBWTF GAP- Utilisatio ashrams
Bhagalp 126.7 TPD n of with
Timeline CETP- not ur remediat operating
technically C& D ed waste- valid
WQA feasible Waste- compost CTE/CT
FC- 22000 11.05 TPD and road O
MPN/ 100 ml HZW- filling
only boiler
19
ash
generated,
used
filling low
lying
areas.
Arwal Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- Mining- 0
(34282) generation - 13 kg 23.103 waste- ashrams-
8.38 MLD Effluent- TPD has been No
92 KLD Disposal cleared applicati Fine-
Treated- 0 STP - Treated- 1 by filling ons of
ETP- CBWTF, TON in dump hotels/
GAP- 100% installed Gaya sites ashrams
GAP- with
Timeline- 48 CETP- not 22.103 operating
months technically TPD Utilisatio valid
feasible n of CTE/CT
WQA C& D remediat O
Sone river HZW- Waste- ed waste-
only boiler
ash
generated,
used
filling low
lying
areas.
Jehanaba Sewage Industries- BMW MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- no Mining-
d generation - 98.45 TPD waste- ashrams- 23 FIR
(34285) 27.5 MLD Effluent- Disposal applicati (April23-
172 KLD - Treated- ons of March 24)
Treated- 0 CBWTF 49.18 TPD Utilisatio hotels/
ETP- Gaya n of ashrams
GAP- 100% installed GAP- remediat with
49.27 ed waste- operating Fine-
Timeline- 36 CETP- not valid 23.34
months technically C& D CTE/CT lakhs
feasible Waste- O
WQA- not 3.73 TPD
provided HZW-
only boiler
ash
generated,
used
filling low
lying
areas.
Vaishali Sewage Industries- BMW- MSW- Legacy Hotels/ FPZ- No Mining- 3
(34289) generation- 645.85 146.39 waste- ashrams- cases
45.88 MLD Effluent- kg/day MLD 12 no such
617 months establish Fine-
Treated- 0 Disposal Treated- ment
ETP- - 114 tpd
GAP- 100% installed CBWTF Utilisatio
Muzaffar GAP- n of
Timeline- 48 CETP- pur 31.99 TPD remediat
20
months proposed ed waste-
C& D bio
WQA- HZW- Waste- fertilizer
FC Gandak only boiler 5.87 tpd and inert
river- 22000 ash material
MPN generated, is
used disposed
filling low of.
lying
areas.
WRD Annex I- 2
Report Pg. 34303
FPZ meetings
BSPCB Pg. 34326- FC
Report Pg. 34343-
Industries
Pg 34395-
BMW
15. The above report clearly reflects huge gap in the treatment of sewage generated along with other waste from different sources which may be a cause for high level of pollution of river Ganga and the tributaries in the stretch concerned. As per the information disclosed in the above tabulated statement, estimated sewage generation is 1700 MLD and except at Patna and Bhagalpur, nowhere sewage is getting treated. State Capital, Patna has an apparent reported gap of 106 MLD.
16. The data of CPCB is available in public domain wherein status of STPs maintained during August - November 2023 in Bihar is as under:
State Approx. Towns Total Installed Operatio Operatio Utilized Non- Non- Complyin Non-
Sewage covered STPs capacity nal nal Capacity operatio operatio g w.r.t. complyin Generati by STPs monitore of Capacity (MLD) nal nal FC g w.r.t.
on d monitore (MLD) Capacity (<230MP FC
in Ganga d STP (MLD) N per (>230MP
front (MLD) 100 mL) N per
towns 100 mL)
(MLD)
(2017-18)
Bihar 480.0 4 7 224.5 6 164.5 92.6 1 60.0 2 4
17. The above table clearly reveals estimated sewage generation in four Ganga front towns is 480 MLD. 92.6 MLD is getting treated against 21 installed sewage treatment capacity of 224.5 MLD. We also further find from the data of drains monitored by CPCB during 2022 that 68 drains carrying 897.22 MLD of sewage sullage are joining river Ganga.
18. Counsel for the Applicant has also submitted that strangely in the report it is stated that all the industries have Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) which is very doubtful. She has also expressed doubt about functioning status of these ETPs.
19. We do not find any complete water quality analysis report in respect of the samples from the tributaries or river Ganga. Only the report relating to faecal coliform has been placed on record which is much exceeding the requisite parameters. Hence, the State/District Authorities are directed to submit the water sample analysis report by taking samples at the point where the tributary merges river Ganga and also at the point of entry of river Ganga in the State and exit point.
20. Let the fresh report be submitted by all the 38 districts and a compilation thereof be submitted by the State of Bihar keeping in view the observations made above, at least two weeks before the next date of hearing by supplying an advance copy to Counsel for the Applicant.
21. List on 15.10.2024.
Prakash Shrivastava, CP Sudhir Agarwal, JM Dr. A. Senthil Vel, EM May 01, 2024 Original Application No. 200/2014 (IA No. 340/2022, MA No. 872/2018, MA No. 875/2014 & MA No. 480/2018) DV 22