Gujarat High Court
Rajdipsinh Aniruddhsinh Jadeja vs State Of Gujarat & 2 on 11 February, 2015
Author: Jayant Patel
Bench: Jayant Patel, S.H.Vora
C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT
IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
LETTERS PATENT APPEAL NO. 1303 of 2012
In SPECIAL CIVIL APPLICATION NO. 3365 of 2012
FOR APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE:
HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE JAYANT PATEL
and
HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE S.H.VORA
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1 Whether Reporters of Local Papers may be allowed to see
the judgment ?
2 To be referred to the Reporter or not ?
3 Whether their Lordships wish to see the fair copy of the
judgment ?
4 Whether this case involves a substantial question of law as
to the interpretation of the Constitution of India, 1950 or any
order made thereunder ?
5 Whether it is to be circulated to the civil judge ?
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RAJDIPSINH ANIRUDDHSINH JADEJA....Appellant(s)
Versus
STATE OF GUJARAT & 2....Respondent(s)
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Appearance:
MR.HIREN M MODI, ADVOCATE for the Appellant(s) No. 1
MR CHINTAN DAVE, AGP for the Respondent(s) No. 1
RULE SERVED for the Respondent(s) No. 2 - 3
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Page 1 of 15
C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT
CORAM: HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE JAYANT PATEL
and
HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE S.H.VORA
Date : 11/02/2015
ORAL JUDGMENT
(PER : HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE JAYANT PATEL)
1. The present appeal is directed against the order dated 10.9.2012 passed by the learned Single Judge of this Court in Special Civil Application No.3365 of 2012, whereby the learned Single Judge, for the reasons recorded in the order, has dismissed the petition.
2. We have heard Mr.Modi, learned Counsel for the appellant and Mr.Dave, learned AGP for the respondent No.1.
3. The contention raised on behalf of the appellant was that at the time when the application was made for compassionate appointment, though the requisite qualification was of SSC Pass, the appellant had appeared in the SSC Examination, but the result was not declared and subsequently, he has cleared the examination and, therefore, it can be said that he was qualified for the post in question. On the aspect of delay, it has been Page 2 of 15 C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT contended that the appellant was minor and after becoming major, he immediately applied and there was only delay of 60 days, which was leniently viewed by this Court earlier and the matter was directed to be reconsidered. It was submitted that the learned Single Judge has not properly considered the said aspect and, therefore, this Court may consider in the present appeal.
4. As such, if the petitioner - appellant was not qualified for the post in question on the date when the application was made, subsequent clearing of SSC Examinations and if the authority has denied the compassionate appointment, it cannot be said that the decision is illegal.
Further, the application was submitted after the outer limit for the application was over.
Therefore also, the application was rightly dismissed by the authority. The learned Single Judge found that as the requisite qualification was not there, the decision could not be said to be illegal.
5. At this stage, we may refer to the recent decision of this Court in LPA No.2385 of 2009 and allied matters decided on 9.9.2014, wherein the Page 3 of 15 C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT question was considered for compassionate appointment to the person not holding the requisite qualification. In the said decision, this Court observed from paragraphs 9 to 21, it was observed thus:-
9. Learned Assistant Government Pleaders submitted that the issue involved in these appeals is no longer res integra inasmuch as the Rules prevailing for the criteria of qualification at the time of deciding the application for compassionate appointment are to be applied and not the rules for qualification for the post in question prevailing when the application is made for compassionate appointment. Learned Assistant Government Pleaders submitted that the compassionate appointment is not a matter of right but is governed by the policy in this regard and the rules prevailing as regards the qualification criteria are to be applied when decision on such application for compassionate appointment is to be taken.
Learned Assistant Government Pleaders submitted that if there is change in qualification required for the post in question before the decision is taken on the application for compassionate appointment and if such application is decided according to the old Rules providing for lesser qualification, the same will hamper the administration and therefore, the relevant Rules to be applied for giving compassionate appointment are the Rules prevailing when the decision is to be taken on such application. Mr. Banaji submitted that now since the Government has introduced a policy by Government Resolution dated 5.7.2011 which provides for grant of exgratia amount of compensation in lieu of compassionate appointment, there is no question of giving compassionate appointment. Learned Assistant Page 4 of 15 C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT Government Pleaders have relied on the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of MGB Gramin Bank Vs. Chakrawarti Singh reported in AIR 2013 (SC) 3365 so as to point out that Hon'ble Supreme Court has held that the policy prevailing at the time when decision is taken on application for compassionate appointment is to be applied and such application cannot be decided on the basis of the old Rules.
10. As against the above arguments, learned advocates for the respondents submitted that the learned Single Judge has committed no error in holding that the policy prevailing when the application for compassionate appointment was made is to be applied. Learned advocates submitted that for delay in taking decision on the application for compassionate appointment, the persons applying for such appointment cannot be put to prejudice. They submitted that the relevant policy to be applied is the one prevailing on the date of making application for compassionate appointment, otherwise the very purpose of the policy for compassionate appointment gets frustrated. They submitted that the rights available to the respondents under the policy for compassionate appointment cannot be allowed to be frustrated on account of inaction on the part of the appellants in not dealing with the application for compassionate appointment at the right time. They submitted that when the respondents made application under the policy prevailing at the relevant time for compassionate appointment, the right had accrued to them at least for consideration of their application in accordance with the Rules for appointment on the post in question prevailing then and therefore, there is no question of applying the rules brought into force later on.
11. Having heard learned advocates for the Page 5 of 15 C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT parties, it appears that when the applications made by the respondents for compassionate appointment were decided by the appellants, the requisite qualification for ClassIV post was minimum 10th Std. (SSC) which undisputedly the respondents were not possessing when their applications were decided. However, the learned Judge took the view that the applications for compassionate appointment made by the respondents were required to be decided as per the policy prevailing as on the date of the applications.
12. In the case of State Bank of India and Another Vs. Raj Kumar reported in (2010)11 SCC 661, the Hon'ble Supreme Court has held and observed in para 11 and 12 as under:
11. Normal schemes contemplate compassionate appointment on an application by a dependent family member, subject to the applicant fulfilling the prescribed eligibility requirements, and subject to availability of a vacancy for making the appointment. Under many schemes, the applicant has only a right to be considered for appointment against a specified quota, even if he fulfils all the eligibility criteria; and the selection is made of the most deserving among the several competing applicants, to the limited quota of posts available. In all these schemes there is a need to verify the eligibility and antecedents of the applicant or the financial capacity of the family. There is also a need for the applicant to wait in a queue for a vacancy to arise, or for a selection committee to assess the comparative need of a large number of applicants so as to fill a limited number of earmarked vacancies.
12. Obviously, therefore, there can be Page 6 of 15 C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT no immediate or automatic appointment merely on an application. Several circumstances having a bearing on eligibility, and financial condition, upto the date of consideration may have to be taken into account. As none of the applicants under the scheme has a vested right, the scheme that is in force when the application is actually considered, and not the scheme that was in force earlier when the application was made, will be applicable.
13. Learned counsel for the petitioners however relied on the decision of the Hon'ble Supreme Court dated 19.10.2010 in Special Leave to Appeal (Civil) (CC) No.15498 of 2010, in the case of State of Gujarat and Others Vs. Jagdish Savjibhai Padaya and Another, wherein the Hon'ble Supreme Court agreed with the view taken by the Division Bench of this Court in the group of Letters Patent Appeals that the applications for compassionate appointment were to be decided as per the policy prevailing at the time of application and directed the concerned competent authority of the State Government to decide the applications for compassionate appointment within reasonable time.
14. The Division Bench of this Court in Letters Patent Appeal No.22 of 2010 and allied matters after considering the judgment of the Hon'ble supreme Court in the case of State Bank of India (supra), held that not to take decision for long time on the applications for compassionate appointment and to rely on the subsequent Government Resolutions to deal with such applications would defeat the claims for compassionate appointment. The Division Bench, therefore, directed the concerned authorities to examine the case of each of the applicant in terms of the policy prevailing at the time of submitting Page 7 of 15 C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT applications for compassionate appointment.
15. However, there is further development in the law. In the case of State of Gujarat and others Vs. Arvindkumar T. Tiwari and Another reported in (2012)9 SCC 545, the Hon'ble Supreme Court examined the issue of eligibility criteria while considering the applications for appointment on compassionate ground. The Hon'ble Suprme Court held and observed in para 8 to 10 and 12 as under:
8. It is a settled legal proposition that compassionate appointment cannot be claimed as a matter of right. It is not simply another method of recruitment. A claim to be appointed on such a ground, has to be considered in accordance with the rules, regulations or administrative instructions governing the subject, taking into consideration the financial condition of the family of the deceased. Such a category of employment itself, is an exception to the constitutional provisions contained in Articles 14 and 16, which provide that there can be no discrimination in public employment. The object of compassionate employment is to enable the family of the deceased to overcome the sudden financial crisis it finds itself facing, and not to confer any status upon it.
9. The eligibility for the post may at times be misunderstood to mean qualification. In fact, eligibility connotes the minimum criteria for selection, that may be laid down by the executive authority/legislature by way of any statute or rules, while the term qualification, may connote any additional norms laid down by the authorities. However, before a candidate is considered for a post or even for admission to the institution, he must Page 8 of 15 C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT fulfill the eligibility criteria.
10. The appointing authority is competent to fix a higher score for selection, than the one required to be attained for mere eligibility, but by way of its natural corollary, it cannot be taken to mean that eligibility/norms fixed by the statute or rules can be relaxed for this purpose to the extent that, the same may be lower than the ones fixed by the statute. In a particular case, where it is so required, relaxation of even educational qualification(s) may be permissible, provided that the rules empower the authority to relax such eligibility in general, or with regard to an individual case or class of cases of undue hardship. However, the said power should be exercised for justifiable reasons and it must not be exercised arbitrarily, only to favour an individual. The power to relax the recruitment rules or any other rule made by the State Government/Authority is conferred upon the Government/Authority to meet any emergent situation where injustice might have been caused or, is likely to be caused to any person or class of persons or, where the working of the said rules might have become impossible.
12. Fixing eligibility for a particular post or even for admission to a course falls within the exclusive domain of the legislature/executive and cannot be the subject matter of judicial review, unless found to be arbitrary, unreasonable or has been fixed without keeping in mind the nature of service, for which appointments are to be made, or has no rational nexus with the object(s) sought to be achieved by the statute. Such eligibility can be changed even for the purpose of promotion, Page 9 of 15 C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT unilaterally and the person seeking such promotion cannot raise the grievance that he should be governed only by the rules existing, when he joined service. In the matter of appointments, the authority concerned has unfettered powers so far as the procedural aspects are concerned, but it must meet the requirement of eligibility etc. The court should therefore, refrain from interfering, unless the appointments so made, or the rejection of a candidature is found to have been done at the cost of 'fair play', 'good conscious' and 'equity'. (Emphasis Supplied) However, since in the facts of the case, Hon'ble Supreme Court found that as on the date of the applications for compassionate appointment, the eligibility criteria was 10th Std. and the applicant was unable to pass 8th Std., he was certainly not eligible to apply for the post and it was not desirable nor even permissible to issue direction to relax the said eligibility criteria and to appoint him on merely humanitarian ground. In such facts of the case, the Hon'ble Supreme Court further observed that the question framed as to whether application for compassionate appointment was to be considered as per the existing rules or under the rules as existing on the date of death of the employee was not required to be considered.
16. Hon'ble Supreme Court has further considered the issue about the applicability of the Scheme for compassionate appointment in the recent decision in the case of MGB Gramin Bank (supra). In this judgment, Hon'ble Supreme Court has considered its earlier judgment in the case of State Bank of India (supra) and has held and observed in para 8 to 15 as under:
8. The Courts and the Tribunals cannot Page 10 of 15 C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT confer benediction impelled by sympathetic considerations to make appointments on compassionate grounds when the regulation framed in respect thereof did not cover and contemplate such appointments.
9. In A. Umarani v Registrar, Co operative Societies & Ors., AIR 2004 SC 4504, while dealing with the issue, this Court held that even the Supreme Court should not exercise the extraordinary jurisdiction under Article 142 issuing a direction to give compassionate appointment in contravention of the provisions of the Scheme/Rules etc., as the provisions have to be complied with mandatorily and any appointment given or ordered to be given in violation of the scheme would be illegal.
10. The word 'vested' is defined in Black's Law Dictionary (6th Edition) at page 1563, as 'vested', Fixed; accrued; settled; absolute; complete. Having the character or given in the rights of absolute ownership; not contingent; not subject to be defeated by a condition precedent. Rights are 'vested' when right to enjoyment, present or prospective, has become property of some particular person or persons as present interest; mere expectancy of future benefits, or contingent interest in property founded on anticipated continuance of existing laws, does not constitute vested rights.
11. In Webster's Comprehensive Dictionary (International Edition) at page 1397, 'vested' is defined as Law held by a tenure subject to no contingency; complete; established by law as a permanent right; vested interest. (Vide: Mosammat Bibi Sayeda v. State of Bihar AIR 1996 SC 1936: (1996 Page 11 of 15 C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT AIR SCW 2283); and J.S. Yadav v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2011) 6 SCC 570): (AIR 2011 SC (Suppl)659: 2011 AIR SCW 3078). Thus, vested right is a right independent of any contingency and it cannot be taken away without consent of the person concerned. Vested right can arise from contract, statute or by operation of law. Unless an accrued or vested right has been derived by a party, the policy decision/ scheme could be changed. (Vide: Kuldip Singh v Government, NCT Delhi AIR 2006 SC 2652):
(2006 SIR SCW 3627).
12. A scheme containing an in pari materia clause, as is involved in this case was considered by this Court in State Bank of India & Anr. v. Raj Kumar (2010)11 SCC 661. Clause 14 of the said Scheme is verbatim to clause 14 of the scheme involved herein, which reads as under: "14. Date of effect of the scheme and disposal of pending applications:
The Scheme will come into force with effect from the date it is approved by the Board of Directors. Applications pending under the Compassionate Appointment Scheme as on the date on which this new Scheme is approved by the Board will be dealt with in accordance with Scheme for payment of exgratia lump sum amount provided they fulfill all the terms and conditions of this scheme."
13. The Court considered various aspects of service jurisprudence and came to the conclusion that as the appointment on compassionate ground may not be claimed as a matter of right nor an applicant becomes entitled automatically for appointment, rather it depends on various other circumstances i.e. eligibility and financial conditions of Page 12 of 15 C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT the family, etc., the application has to be considered in accordance with the scheme. In case the Scheme does not create any legal right, a candidate cannot claim that his case is to be considered as per the Scheme existing on the date the cause of action had arisen i.e. death of the incumbent on the post. In State Bank of India & Anr. (supra), this Court held that in such a situation, the case under the new Scheme has to be considered.
14. In view of the above position, the reasoning given by the learned Single Judge as well as by the Division Bench is not sustainable in the eyes of law. The appeal is allowed and the impugned judgments of the High Court are set aside.
15. The respondent may apply for consideration of his case under the new Scheme and the appellant shall consider his case strictly in accordance with clause 14 of the said new Scheme within a period of three months from the date of receiving of application. With these observations, appeal stands disposed of.
17. The Government has now introduced the policy dated 5.7.2011 which provides for payment of exgratia amount of compensation in lieu of compassionate appointment. We had an occasion to go through the said policy, copy of which was produced in another appeal which was also heard on the same day when these appeals were heard by us.
18. Thus, considering the observations made in para 8 to 10 and 12 by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Arvindkumar T. Tiwari (supra) and in light of recent decision of Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of MGB Gramin Bank (supra) and also on account of change in the policy for Page 13 of 15 C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT compassionate appointment, the view expressed by the Hon'ble Division Bench in the above group of appeals cannot be now followed.
19. In light of such development and as held by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Raj Kumar (supra) and MGB Gramin Bank (supra), the compassionate appointment cannot be claimed as a matter of right but it should be strictly in accordance with the rules, regulations and administrative instructions governing the subject.
20. In view of above, even while considering that delay in deciding the application would defeat the purpose of compassionate appointment, as observed by the Division Bench of this Court in the abovereferred group of Letters Patent Appeals, the impugned orders cannot be now allowed to be operated. If it is permissible to the original petitioners, they may apply under the new scheme and the appellants may take decision thereon in accordance with law.
21. For the reasons stated above, the appeals are allowed. Impugned orders passed by the learned Single Judge are quashed and set aside. The respondents original petitioners may apply under the new Scheme, if permissible, and when they apply, the appellants may take decision in accordance with law. The Appeals are disposed of accordingly with no order as to costs.
6. In view of the above read with the reasons recorded by the learned Single Judge, we do not find that any case is made out for interference in the present appeal.
7. Hence, the present appeal is meritless and, Page 14 of 15 C/LPA/1303/2012 JUDGMENT therefore, dismissed.
(JAYANT PATEL, J.) (S.H.VORA, J.) vinod Page 15 of 15