Supreme Court of India
National Insurance Co. Ltd. vs M/S. Swaranlata Das And Others on 17 August, 1992
Equivalent citations: 1993ACJ748, AIR1993SC1259, (1993)104PLR309, 1993SUPP(2)SCC743, AIR 1993 SUPREME COURT 1259, 1993 AIR SCW 245, 1993 SCC (CRI) 788, 1993 (2) SCC(SUPP) 743, (1993) 2 PUN LR 309, (1993) 2 ACC 372, (1993) 2 ACJ 748
Author: M.N. Venkatachaliah
Bench: M.N. Venkatachaliah
ORDER
1. This petition for grant of special leave is directed against the judgment and order dated 28th January, 1992 of the High Court of Gauhati, Agartala Bench enhancing in appeal the compensation in a fatal accident's action from Rs. 72,000/- awarded by the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal to Rs. 1,50,000/- to the dependants of certain Swapan Das, aged 26 years, who died as a result of the injuries sustained in a motor accident that occurred on 28th June, 1984 at Pagla Devta Bari on Assam-Agartala road when a truck hit him.
2. On 24th April, 3990, some six years after the accident, a claim was brought by the parents as well as the widow of the deceased Swapan Das for a compensation of about Rs. 11,00,000/ -. The deceased was said to be a dry fish manager earning about Rs. 1,500/- per month. The Tribunal did not accept this claim; but estimated the loss of dependency at Rs. 3,600/- annually and capitalised it on 20 years' purchase value for arriving at the figure of Rs. 72,000/-. This sum along with interest at the rate of 12% from the date of filing of the petition was awarded.
3. The respondents-claimants preferred an appeal before the High Court claiming enhancement. The High Court enhanced the compensation to Rupees 1,50,000/-.
4. Shri Jitender Sharma, learned Senior Counsel for the petitioner submitted that the claim was barred by time as, indeed, according to Shri Sharma Section 166(3) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 contemplates only a limited power of condonation of delay in filing a claim. That provision reads:
166(3). No application for such compensation shall be entertained unless it is made within six months of the occurrence of the accident;
Provided that the Claims Tribunal may entertain the application after the expiry of the said period of six months but not later than twelve months, if it is satisfied that the applicant was prevented by sufficient cause from making the application in time.
Shri Sharma stated that the provisions in the 1988 Act in this behalf detract from their counterpart in the 1939 Act. He submitted that the position that even in respect of claims arising out of accidents occurring before the commencement of the 1988 Act but instituted after its commencement are governed by Section 166(3) of the 1988 Act is settled by a pronouncement of this Court in Vinod Gurudas Raiker v. National Insurance Co. Ltd. .
Shri Sharma is right in this submission. The pronouncement of this Court in Vinod Gurudas Raiker's case (supra) supports it; but this question had not been raised either before the Tribunal or the High Court. As the law on the matter is settled, it was not applied to the present claim as the petitioner did not raise it either before the Tribunal or before the High Court.
5. It is also true that while the Tribunal determined the compensation applying the method of capitalisation of loss of dependency by taking Rupees 3,600/- as the annual loss of dependency and applying a multiplier of 20, the order of the High Court enhancing the compensation, we are constrained to say, does not contain any cogent reasons. The High Court does not discuss the evidence nor recorded its own findings as to the quantum of the dependency loss. A global award was made on a reasoning which had better be stated in High Court's own words:
We have considered the memo of appeal, the award and also the monthly income as stated in the petition. We have also made necessary deduction for the personal expenses of the deceased and taking the expectancy of life at 65 years and deducting 30% for lump sum payment, in our opinion, a sum of Rs. 1,50,000/- would be appropriate compensation in the present case.
Our attention has been drawn to page 9 of the impugned judgment. We are not sure how the calculation has been made by the learned Tribunal.
This is all the reasoning in the judgment. We are afraid that the reasoning is incomplete and cannot by itself support the enhancement. The appropriate method of assessment of compensation is the method of capitalisation of net income choosing a multiplier appropriate to the age of the deceased or the age of the dependants whichever multiplier is lower. It is, no doubt, true that as a rough and ready measure, the method of aggregating the total expected income for the remainder of the life-expectancy with appropriate deductions towards uncertainties of life and for lump sum payments is also resorted to. But this method is now considered unscientific and is virtually obsolete. At all events wherever it is resorted to it would require to be cross-checked with the results of the appropriate and the more scientific method of capitalisation of the loss of dependency.
6. In view of these deficiencies in the judgment we should have granted special leave. But then it is a hard case where a young life, the bread winner of a family, is snuffed out ere its prime as a result of the tragic accident. The claimants aver that the deceased was earning Rs. 1,500/- per month. Even if we assume as a rough and ready estimate Rs. 750/- per month or Rs. 9,000/- per year as the loss of dependency - which may not be an unreasonable estimate - and capitalise it on a multiplier of 15 (which would be the appropriate multiplier having regard to the age of the deceased) the resultant figure will be Rs. 1,35,000/-. To this should be added the usual awards for Loss to the Estate and Loss of Consortium which are generally in conventional figures ranging from Rs. 5,000/- to Rs, 10,000/- on each count. If Rs. 7,500/- on each count is added, the quantification of Rs. 1,50,000/- arrived at by the High Court could be justified; though on a reasoning entirely different from any discernible or manifest from the appellate judgment of the High Court.
7. In this view of the matter and in view of the fact that the plea of limitation had not been urged at all before the High Court, we decline to interfere with the award made. However, the law as to the extent of the power of condonation of delay, as urged by Shri Jitendra Sharma, is correct and has been so declared in Vinod Gurudas Raiker's case (supra).
8. The petitioner shall deposit in the Gauhati High Court (Agartala Bench) within six weeks from today the amount of Rupees 1,50,000/- along with interest @ 12% p.a. from the late of filing of the petition. On the deposit being made Rs. 20.000/- each, shall be permitted to be withdrawn by respondent No. 1 and respondent No. 2 on proper verification to the satisfaction of the Registrar/ Additional Registrar of the High Court of Gauhati (Agartala Bench). The balance amount of Rs. 1,10,000/- plus the accrued interest shall be deposited in equal share, by the High Court, in the name of each of the two respondents with any nationalised bank or any investment of the Unit Trust of India to earn the maximum interest. The deposit shall be initially made for three years and shall be renewable thereafter every three years. Respondents 1 and 2 shall be entitled to draw the interest on such deposit monthly/quarterly.
The fixed deposit-receipt or the security, as the case may be, shall neither be pledged nor shall be offered as security for any loan, nor shall any loan be permitted to be drawn against the same except with the previous permission of the Gauhati High Court to ensure that the amount continues to remain in the bank or the UTI for the benefit of respondents 1 and 2, In case the fixed deposit receipt is required to be encashed, after its maturity or at any other time, the same shall be done only with the approval of the Gauhati High Court after satisfying the Court as to the genuineness of the need to encash the same by both or either of the respondents.
S.L.P. is dismissed accordingly.