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Bangalore District Court

Hajil K. Mohidin Beary Education Trust vs Zeharan Khateeb on 19 March, 2025

KABC0C0020752023




     IN THE COURT OF XIV ADDL.CHIEF JUDICIAL
     MAGISTRATE, MAYOHALL UNIT, BENGALURU
          Dated this the 19th day of March, 2025

   Present:   Sri.SANTHOSH S.KUNDER., B.A.,LL.M.,
              XIV Addl. C.J.M., Bengaluru.

      JUDGMENT UNDER SECTION 355 of Cr.P.C

                     C.C.No. 50549/2023

                 Haji.K.Mohidin Beary Education Trust,
Complainant      Bearys Horizon,
                 # 21, Wood Street, Bengaluru.
                 Represented by its,
                 Legal Manager/Authorized Officer
                 Mrs.Champa K.C,
                 W/o Mr.Girish.K,
                 Aged about 40 years.
                 (By Sri. Haneef.M.H., Ruksana.M.H.,
                 Manjunatha.B & Praveen.S.L.,
                 Advocates)

                      V/s

Accused          Mr.Zeharan Khateeb,
                 S/o Mr.Zahroor Khateeb Shaye,
                 R/at 174-1, Ferry Road,
                 Kundapura, Udupi,
                 Karnataka
                 (By Sri.K.Prasanna Shetty, Advocate)
Offence         U/s 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act
Plea of the     Pleaded not guilty
accused
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Final Order         Accused is held guilty & convicted

      This complaint is filed under Section 200 of Cr.P.C,
for the offence punishable under Section 138 of the
Negotiable Instruments Act.

2.    Complaint averments in brief:

      2.1. Complainant-Haji K.Mohidin Beary Education
Trust is a renowned educational Trust started in 1906
with a goal of providing education to poor students and
children with rural background. Its registered office is
situated     in   Bengaluru.    It   runs      various   educational
institutions such as, M/s Bearys College of Education,
M/s Haji K.Mohidin Bearys Composite Pre-University
College and M/s Bearys First Grade College.
      2.2.        Accused was working as Accountant in
complainant's institution. On 29.07.2022, pursuant to the
information gathered by the Accountant of the Kundapura
Vyavasaya Seva Sahakari Sangha (VSSN), Kodi Branch, it
is found that during the course of the employment, he has
swindled/misappropriated accounts of M/s Bearys College
of Education and M/s Haji K.Mohidin Beary Composite
Pre-University      College    by    forging    the   signatures   of
President, Chairman and college Principal and withdrawn
huge amount from the bank accounts of complainant's
institutions.
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        2.3. It is found that on 22.06.2022, he had
withdrawn      ₹1,50,000/-              from    the   bank      account      of
M/s     Bearys      College       of    Education,       bearing      account
No.64057397797, maintained at State Bank of India,
Kundapura Branch through cheque bearing No.521549.
Further, on 02.07.2022, he has withdrawn a sum of
₹20,000/- from the very account through cheque bearing
No.521550 by forging the signatures of President and
Principal     of    colleges.      It    was     also     found      that   on
29.07.2022, he has obtained a cheque book pertaining to
the account No.00301000584 of M/s Bearys First Grade
College from Kundapura VSSN, Kodi Branch in the name
of the advisory committee complainant's institution.
Thereafter, he has transferred ₹70,000/- from the said
account            through              NEFT,           vide         reference
No.ICMS220729000LKNKL0000204,                           by     forging      the
signature     of     the     Chairman           of    the      complainant's
institution. Thereafter, he has withdrawn the said sum of
₹70,000/- by using cheque bearing No.521551 from the
joint account bearing No.64057397797. It was also found
that,    on   01.07.2022,          he     has    collected       a   sum     of
₹1,09,000/- and on 12.07.2022, he has collected a sum of
₹40,000/- in all ₹1,49,000/- as college fee from the
students of M/s Haji K Mohidin Beary Composite Pre-
University College and not deposited the said amount to
the bank account of the complainant's institution.
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     2.4. On enquiry with the accused, he has confessed
the guilty of misappropriation and forgery and promised to
pay swindled amount of ₹5,00,000/- by addressing a
letter dated 30.07.2022. In order to pay the said amount,
he has issued two cheques, bearing No.228122 dated
30.07.2022 for a sum of ₹3,89,000/- and cheque bearing
No.228121 dated 15.08.2022 for ₹1,11,000/-, both drawn
on State Bank of India, Kundapura Branch along with the
letter dated 30.07.2022 (supra). Mother of the accused by
name, Mrs.Dilbari and his uncle Mr.Khatib Ashfaque,
have signed the said letter as witnesses.
     2.5. Pursuant to the understanding between the
complainant and the accused, the complainant has
presented the cheque bearing No.228121 for encashment
on 06.09.2022 through its banker, namely, Bank of
Baroda, Konaje Branch. But, to utter shock of the
complainant, the said cheque was returned unpaid for the
reason 'insufficient funds' and the same was intimated to
the accused personally. He had requested time for
arranging the money. Accordingly, on 07.09.2022, he has
paid a sum of ₹50,000/- to the complainant which was
adjusted   towards   the   due   amount      of   ₹5,00,000/-.
However, even after several reminders and demands, the
accused has not paid the cheque amount. He has
requested the complainant to present the cheque again for
encashment. As per his assurance, the said cheque was
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presented again on 05.11.2022. But, it was again
returned unpaid on 07.11.2022 with similar endorsement.
        2.6. It is averred that the accused has issued the
cheque knowing fully well that he does not have sufficient
funds in his account to honour the cheque. Therefore, the
complainant has issued a legal notice on 06.12.2022
calling upon the accused to pay the entire cheque amount
within 15 days of receipt of the notice. Notice was duly
served on him on 14.12.2022. But, he has neither paid
the cheque amount nor replied the legal notice. Therefore,
this complaint is filed.
        3.      This court took cognizance of the offence
punishable under Section 138 of N.I.Act. Smt.Champa
K.C.,        Legal   Manager/Authorized     Officer   of   the
complainant was examined on oath. She has filed affidavit
in lieu of oral sworn statement. As there were prima facie
materials, criminal case was registered and accused was
summoned.

        4.      Pursuant   to   the   summons,   accused   has
appeared before the court and got enlarged on bail. After
compliance of Sec.207 of Cr.P.C, this court recorded his
plea by reading over the substances of accusation. He has
pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried.
        5.    Evidence of Legal Manager of the complainant
which was recorded during pre-cognizance stage has been
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treated as evidence. Documents at Ex.P1 to 12 marked
through her.

     6.      Accused was examined under Sec.313 of
Cr.P.C. He has denied the incriminating evidence. By way
of defence, he has examined himself as DW-1. No
documents marked for the accused.
     7.      Heard argument on both side.
     8.      Points for consideration:-
          1. Whether the complainant has proved
          that the accused has drawn cheque
          bearing No.228121 dtd.15.08.2022 for
          ₹1,11,000/- on State Bank of India,
          Kundapura Branch, in favour of the
          complainant towards discharge of legally
          recoverable debt/liability and the said
          cheque was dishonored for the reason
          'insufficient funds' and in spite of service
          of statutory notice dated 06.12.2022, he
          has failed pay the amount covered under
          the cheque and thereby he has
          committed the offence punishable under
          Section 138 of N.I.Act?

          2. What order?

     9. The above points are answered as under:-
     Point No.1 : In the Affirmative.
     Point No.2 : As per final order for the following:

                        REASONS
     10. Point No.1:- The case of the complainant is that,
the accused was working as Accountant in its institution
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and during his employment, between 22.06.2022 and
29.07.2022,      he    has     misappropriated    a   sum    of
₹5,00,000/- of complainant's institutions by forging
signatures of President and Chairman of the complainant
and Principal of educational institutions run by the
complainant. Complainant is contending that the accused
has confessed the guilty and in order to return the
misappropriated sum of ₹5,00,000/-, he has issued two
cheques. Subject matter of this complaint is cheque
bearing No.228121 dated 15.08.2022 for ₹1,11,000/-
drawn on State Bank of India, Kundapura Branch. The
complainant is contending that the said cheque was
presented twice for encashment and on both occasions, it
was    returned       unpaid    with   endorsements     'funds
insufficient' and that, in spite of service of statutory
demand notice, he has failed to pay the cheque amount.
      11.   In    order   to   prove   the   contentions,   the
complainant has examined its Legal Manager by name,
Smt.Champa K.C as PW-1 and got marked documents at
Ex.P1 to 12. Ex.P-1 is the cheque; Ex.P-2 is the bank
endorsement dated 07.11.2022; Ex.P-3 is copy of the legal
notice dated 06.12.2022; Ex.P-4 to 6 are three postal
receipts; Ex.P-7 is postal acknowledgment card; Ex.P-8 is
extract of resolution passed by the trusties of the
complainant dated 21.12.2022; Ex.P-9 is letter dated
30.07.2022, allegedly written by the accused to the
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complainant;       Ex.P-10 is bank statement of complainant;
Ex.P-11 is bank statement of Bearys College of Education
and Ex.P-12 is bank statement of Bearys First Grade
College.
      12.    Learned       counsel   for   the    accused      cross-
examined PW-1 and elicited that the misappropriation
took place in Kundapura. It is elicited that the accused
was   appointed       as    Accountant     in    the     educational
institution run by the complainant. It is also elicited that
one Naresh Bhat was working as Supervisor in M/s
Bearys College of Education, M/s Haji K Mohidin Bearys
Composite Pre-University College and M/s Bearys First
Grade College. PW-1 has asserted that three months after
the accused joined for duty, misappropriation took place.
She has further asserted that the act of misappropriation
came into light when an employee of Kundapura VSSN
telephoned the complainant to inform that the signature
on the cheque that was presented for encashment is not
tallying. Soon after coming to know above the act of
misappropriation, the Supervisor - Naresh Bhat informed
the same to the complainant's institution. It is elicited
that the money was misappropriated from the bank
accounts maintained in State Bank of India and VSSN,
Kundapura Branch. When questioned as to what is the
amount      that   was     misappropriated       by    the   accused,
PW-1 has stated that approximately ₹5,00,000/- has been
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misappropriated. When it was asked in complaint as well
as in legal notice, the misappropriated amount is
mentioned as ₹3,89,000/-, PW-1 has stated that after
verification of records, it was found that ₹3,89,000/- was
misappropriated; but, the accused himself has confessed
that he has misappropriated a sum of ₹5,00,000/-.
       13.   During cross-examination dated 24.01.2024, it
was     questioned    as   to    how    ₹3,89,000/-      was
misappropriated, PW-1 has stated that the accused has
forged the signatures of Principal and President on the
cheques and drawn ₹1,50,000/- and ₹1,70,000/- from
the bank. PW-1 has further stated that the accused has
drawn ₹70,000/- from Kundapura VSSN and transferred
the same to State Bank of India, Kundapura and withdrew
it by using the cheque by forging the signatures of
Principal and President. When questioned if, complaint
was lodged against the accused, PW-1 has stated that no
such    complaint    was   lodged.   When   questioned    if,
documents relating to forgery have produced before the
court, PW-1 has stated that those documents are in bank.
PW-1 has asserted that college fee will be received from
the students in cash as well as through bank transfer. It it
elicited that out of misappropriated fund of ₹5,00,000/-,
the accused has paid ₹50,000/-. It was suggested that
Ex.P9 was obtained from the accused by threatening his
mother.
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     14.     PW-1      has    further       cross-examined       on
02.07.2024 after she was further examined-in-chief on
28.02.2024. It is elicited that before withdrawal a sum of
₹1,50,000/-,    ₹20,000/-      and    ₹70,000/-       by   way    of
cheques, the bank has not contacted the complainant. In
so far as withdrawal appearing in Ex.P12, PW-1 has
stated that, after the money was withdrawn by using the
cheque, the officials of Kundapura VSSN telephoned the
complainant and informed that the signature on the
cheque is not tallying with the specimen signature. PW-1
has denied the suggestion that the withdrawals that are
pleaded in the complaint were done by college Principal
and President of the Institution.
     15.     Accused    has   entered       into   witness-box    to
examine himself as DW-1. During examination-in-chief,
he has deposed that he worked as Accountant in
complainant's institution for 08 months. Since, he was
getting less salary, he intended to go abroad and
therefore, he has tendered resignation. Before tendering
resignation, he had informed the Chairman of the
complainant by name, Abdul Rehaman and requested to
give experience certificate. In response to the request, he
had asked the accused to give three months' advance
notice or three months' salary and to tender resignation.
Since, the accused was in hurry to go abroad, in
September,     2022,    he    has    paid    ₹50,000/-     to    the
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complainant in cash. At the time of giving cash, Abdul
Rehaman asked the accused to give two cheques. When
the accused questioned regarding necessity of giving the
cheques, he had informed that the cheques are required
for the purpose of paying three months' salary and he had
assured that the cheques will be returned at the time of
issuing relieving letter. DW-1 has further deposed that at
the time of tendering ₹50,000/- in cash, he had requested
to return the cheques. But, the cheques were not
returned.
     16. Learned counsel for the complainant cross-
examined DW-1 and elicited that the accused has joined
the complainant's institution on 25.11.2021 and relieved
from duty on 29.07.2022. DW-1 has asserted that he has
given the first cheque on 01.07.2022. When he was
questioned as to whether he has produced visa to the
court that was received by him at the time of issuing
relieving letter, DW-1 has stated that he has not produced
the visa before the court. He has stated that he does not
remember his passport number. He has asserted that
passport is valid for 10 years. DW-1 has admitted that
Ex.P1 belongs to him and Ex.P1(a) is his signature. When
it was suggested that Ex.P1 cheque was given to the
complainant on 30.07.2022, he has stated that he has not
issued the cheque; but, the Chairman of the complainant
has taken it. DW-1 has denied the suggestion that he has
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misappropriated ₹5,00,000/-. When it was suggested that
he was asked to come to complainant's institution on
29.07.2022, DW-1 has stated that he did not go for the
reason that he has not done anything. It is elicited that
Smt. Dilbari is mother and one Khatib Ashfaq is uncle of
the accused. He has denied the suggestion that on
30.07.2022, his mother and uncle have produced him
before the Principal and others for enquiry. He has also
denied the suggestion that during enquiry, he has issued
two cheques in favour of complainant. It is elicited that on
07.09.2022, the accused deposited ₹50,000/- to the
complainant. DW-1 has asserted that he had deposited
the said money for the purpose of issuing relieving letter.
However, till this date, relieving letter has not been issued.
It was suggested that the relieving letter was not issued
for the reason that he has misappropriated ₹5,00,000/- in
complainants' Institution. DW-1 has denied the same. It is
elicited that he has issued reply as per Ex.P8 to the legal
notice issued by the complainant. It is elicited that the
accused has not lodged complaint to police alleging
misuse of his cheques.
     17.   During    the    course   of   argument,   learned
counsel for the complainant has submitted that the
accused has admitted the cheque and his signature on the
cheque. He has also drawn the attention of the court to
letter at Ex.P9, which is purported to have been written by
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KABC0C0020752023



the accused himself in his own handwriting confessing the
guilt of misappropriation of funds. Under the very letter
the accused has issued the subject cheques. He has
submitted that the mother and uncle of the accused have
signed the said letter as witnesses. Learned counsel for
the complainant submitted that the complainant has
produced     sufficient   evidence     before   the     court   to
substantiate that the accused has misappropriated the
funds of the complainant and has issued two cheques for
the purpose of return of misappropriate money to the
complainant. Therefore, the accused is liable to be
convicted.
       18.   On the other hand, learned counsel for the
accused has submitted that the cheques were given by the
accused at the time of joining service. He has submitted
that    as   per    the        complaint   averments,     alleged
misappropriated money is ₹3,89,000/-. But, the cheques
were allegedly drawn for ₹5,00,000/-. There was no
necessity for the accused to give cheque for ₹5,00,000/-
when the alleged misappropriated money is ₹3,89,000/-.
He has further submitted that PW-1 is working in
Bengaluru Branch of complainant's institution and as
such, she does not personally aware of the act of
misappropriation attributed the accused. He has argued
that, for the commission of an offence under Section 138
of NI Act, the cheques that is dishonored must represent a
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                                           C.C.No. 50549/2023
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regally enforceable debt on the date of its maturity or
presentation. If the drawer of the cheque pays a part or
whole of the sum represented on the cheque between the
period when the cheque is drawn and when it is encashed
upon maturity, then the legally enforceable debt on the
date of maturity would not be a sum represented on the
cheque. He has argued that in the present case, according
to the complainant, after the drawing of the alleged
cheque(s) by the accused, he has made part payment and
the same was adjusted to the amount allegedly due to the
complainant. Therefore, he has submitted that the
accused cannot be held guilty of the offence. In this
regard, reliance is placed on the judgment of Hon'ble
Supreme Court in Dashrathbhai Trikambhai Patel V/s.
Hitesh Mahendrabhai Patel & Anr., 2023(1) SCC 578,
which is produced by the counsel for the complainant.
Apart     from   the   said   judgment,   advocate   for   the
complainant has relied on the following judgments:-
        1. M/s Kalamani Tex V/s Balasubramanian;
        AIR 2021 SC (SUPP) 1083;
        2. Rajesh Jain V/s Ajay Singh;
        AIR 2023 SC 5018;
        3. Smt.Parvathamma.M V/s Smit.Chandrakala.V.
        Criminal        Appeal     No.508/2015;
        (DD.14.06.2024)

        19.   On the other hand, advocate for the accused
has relied on the judgments of Hon'ble Supreme Court in
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Krishna Janardhan Bhat V/s Dattatraya.G Hegde (AIR
2008 SC 1325) and Kalyan Kumar Gogoi V/s Ashutosh
Agnihotri and another (AIR 2011 SC 760)
     20.   I have given anxious consideration to the
argument advanced by both advocates. I have also gone
through the materials placed on record and judgments
cited by either side. The complainant is contending that
the accused was working as Accountant at complainant's
institution and during his tenure as Accountant, he has
misappropriated a sum of ₹5,00,000/- and towards
repayment of the same, the accused has drawn the
cheques along with letter dated 30.07.2022 which is
marked at Ex.P9. It is equally important to note that after
the drawing of alleged cheques by the accused, according
to the complainant, on 07.09.2022 the accused has paid a
sum of ₹50,000/- to the complainant and the same was
adjusted towards misappropriated money. This has been
pleaded in para No.8 of the complaint.
     21. Subject matter of this case is, cheque bearing
No.228121 dated 15.08.2022 drawn for ₹1,11,000/-,
which is produced at Ex.P1. It is not in dispute that the
said cheque was returned unpaid for the reason 'funds
insufficient', vide bank endorsement at Ex.P2 dated
07.11.2022. After the dishonor of the cheque, the
complainant has issued a demand notice to the accused
as per Ex.P3 through registered post. Postal receipt and
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postal acknowledgment card are marked at Ex.P4 to 7
respectively. Accused does not dispute the service of
notice on him. In fact, he has admitted service of notice in
his examination-in-chief itself. It is relevant to point out
that the accused has not chosen to issue a reply to the
demand notice.
     22.      It is an undisputed fact that the accused had
worked as Accountant in complainant's institution from
25.11.2021 to 29.07.2022. It is pertinent to note that the
accused has admitted that cheque at Ex.P1 belongs to
him and      Ex.P1(a) is his signature. Relevant portion of
deposition of DW-1 is extracted hereunder:-
              "02. ನಿ.ಪಿ-1 ನನ್ನದೆ ಚೆಕ್ಕು ಇರುತ್ತದೆ. ನಿ.ಪಿ-1(ಎ)
           ಸಹಿ ನನ್ನದೇ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ. ದಿ.25.11.2021 ರಂದು
           ನಾನು ದೂರುದಾರ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಗೆ               ಕೆಲಸಕ್ಕೆ ಸೇರಿ
           ದಿ.29.07.2022 ರಂದು ನಾನು ಸೇವೆಯಿಂದ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ
           ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದೇನೆಂದರೆ ಸರಿ. ನಿ.ಪಿ-1 ಚೆಕ್ಕನ್ನು ನಾನು
           ದೂರುದಾರ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಗೆ        ದಿ.30.07.2022 ರಂದು
           ಕೊಟ್ಟೆದ್ದೇನೆಂದರೆ, ನಾನು ಆ ಚೆಕ್ಕನ್ನು ದೂರುದಾರರಿಗೆ
           ಕೊಡಲಿಲ್ಲ ಎಂದು ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ.XXXXX"

     23.      Of course, accused has denied the allegation of
misappropriation attributed to him. He has also denied
that the cheques were drawn towards payment of alleged
misappropriated money. Complainant is contending that
the accused has admitted guilt and, on 07.09.2022 he has
deposited part of the misappropriated money. It is relevant
to note that the accused admits that he has paid
₹50,000/- to the complainant on 07.09.2022. However,
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according   to   him,    he   has    paid    ₹50,000/-     to   the
complainant in September, 2022 on the say of Chairman
of the complainant for the purpose of issuing relieving
letter, as he intended to go abroad for job. During cross-
examination, he has admitted that he has deposited
₹50,000/- to the complainant on 07.09.2022. Said piece
of evidence of DW-1 is extracted as under:-
            "XXXX ದಿ.07.09.2022 ರಂದು                ನಾನು
        ದೂರುದಾರ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಗೆ ರೂ.50,000/- ಗಳನ್ನು ಜಮಾ
        ಮಾಡಿದ್ದೇನೆಂದರೆ ಸರಿ. Relieving letter ಕೊಡುವ
        ಸಲುವಾಗಿ ನಾನು ಆ ಹಣವನ್ನು ಕೊಟ್ಟಿದ್ದೇನೆ. ಅದು
        ಲಂಚದ ಹಣವೇ ಎಂದು ಕೇಳಿದಾಗ, ನನಗೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ
        ಎಂದು ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. ತಕ್ಷಣ ಕೆಲಸದಿಂದ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ
        ಮಾಡಲು ಆಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ, ಅಕೌಂಟ್ಸ್‍ ಕೆಲಸ ಬಾಕಿ ಇದೆ
        ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಿ ನನಗೆ Relieving letter ಅನ್ನು
        ಕೊಟ್ಟಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ.    ಈವರೆಗೆ       ನನಗೆ     ದೂರುದಾರ
        ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯವರು Relieving letter ಅನ್ನು ಕೊಟ್ಟಿಲ್ಲ.
        ದೂರುದಾರರ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ ರೂ. 5,00,000/- ಹಣವನ್ನು
        ನಾನು     ದುರುಪಯೋಗ       ಮಾಡಿದ್ದೇನೆಂದು    ನನಗೆ
        Relieving letter ಕೊಟ್ಟಿಲ್ಲ ಎಂದರೆ, ನಾನು ಹಣ
        ದುರುಪಯೋಗ ಮಾಡಿಲ್ಲವೆಂದು ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ."

     24.    In order to prove that the accused has
misappropriated money in the complainant and cheques
were issued by the accused for payment of the said
money, the complainant has produced letter dated
30.07.2022 (Ex.P9), allegedly written by the accused to
the President of the complainant. The said letter is
extracted as under:-
     "From,
    Zeharan Khateeb
    Accountant
                       18
                                         C.C.No. 50549/2023
KABC0C0020752023



   Haji K.Mohidin Beary Education Trust
   To,
   President
   Haji K.Mohidin Beary Education Trust

   Dear Sir,
         Subject: Missappropriation of Fess
                 collection money by me &
                 Forgery of signature of
                chairman.

       With reference to the above subject, I here
   with certified that I have done misappropriation
   in fees collection money & Forgery of signature
   of the chairman of the company & withdrawal
   of cash. Same as been purely handled by me &
   I am fully responsible for re-pay the
   misappropriated amount & also any other
   amount found while Auditing, here with &
   furnishing the misappropriation amount as
   below
   1) PUC by cash collection Rs.109000 01-07-2022
       by cash collection     Rs.40000     12-07-2022
                                 ________
                                1,49,000
   2) B.Ed.    (S.B.I account)
      Rs.2,40,000 cheque no:              13-07-22
                                  self withdrawal
    All Total Rs 3,89,000
    For the above mentioned amount & submitting
   cheques as below

   1) Rs 3,89,000 cheque no: 228122 30-07-22
   2) Rs 1,11,000 cheque no: 228121 15-08-22
                          Sd/-

          I am held responsible for above cheque
                              19
                                                  C.C.No. 50549/2023
KABC0C0020752023



             Apart from above amount any more
       amount found as misappropriation I am held
       responsible from 25-11-2021 to 29-07-2022.
              I am requesting you to please present
       chno: 228122 on 16-08-2022 & ch no: 228121
       on 30-08-2022 & I undertake to maintain the
       required balance in the above said account.

        Address: S/o Zaheer Khateeb Shaye
        174-1, Ferry road, Kundapura, Udupi
        Karnataka, 576201
        aadhar no: 241987792754

        Witness
        1) Sd/-
        2) Sd/-                                 Sd/-
                                           30-07-2022"

        25.     During cross-examination, DW-1 has conceded
that     Smt.Dilbari and Sri.Khateeb Ashfaque, who have
signed as witnesses to Ex.P9 are his mother and uncle
respectively. It was suggested to DW-1 that after the
incident       of   misappropriation,      said    Smt.Dilbari   and
Sri.Khateeb Ashfaque have produced him before the
Principal of the college and got him enquired and on the
same day, two cheques were issued to the complainant.
DW-1 has denied the suggestion. It is useful to extract the
deposition of DW-1 dated 14.11.2024 which reads as
under:-
              "04. ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ. ದಿಲ್ಬಾರಿ ರವರು ನನ್ನ ತಾಯಿ. ಖತೀಬ್‍
              ಅಶ್ಛಾಕ್‍ ರವರು ನನ್ನ ಚಿಕ್ಕಪ್ಪ. ಖತೀಬ್‍ ಅಶ್ಛಾಕ್‍
              ರವರು ಮೊದಲು ದೂರುದಾರ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆಲಸ
              ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದರು ಎಂದರೆ ಸರಿಯಲ್ಲ. ನಾನು ಹಣ
                            20
                                                C.C.No. 50549/2023
KABC0C0020752023



           ದುರುಪಯೋಗಪಡಿಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಓಡಿ ಹೋದ ನಂತರ
           ನನ್ನನ್ನು      ನನ್ನ    ತಾಯಿ  ಮತ್ತು  ಚಿಕ್ಕಪ್ಪ
           ದಿ.30.07.2022 ರಂದು ದುಾರುದಾರ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ
           ಪ್ರಾಂಶುಪಾಲರು ಮತ್ತು ಇತರರ ಮುಂದೆ ಹಾಜರುಮಾಡಿ,
           ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಾಡಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆಂದರೆ ಸರಿಯಲ್ಲ. ಅದೇ ದಿನ
           ನಾನು 02 ಚೆಕ್ಕುಗಳನ್ನು ದೂರುದಾರ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಗೆ
           ಕೊಟ್ಟಿದ್ದೇನೆಂದರೆ ಸರಿಯಲ್ಲ."

     26.     It is pertinent to note that the accused does
not dispute his signature on Ex.P9. On the other hand, he
is contending that the said letter was got written by the
Principal of the college by putting him (accused) and his
mother under threat. This piece of evidence is finding
place in the cross-examination of PW-1 dated 24.01.2024,
which is extracted as under:-
              "XXXX ನಿ.ಪಿ.9 ರ ಪತ್ರವನ್ನು ಕುಂದಾಪುರದ
           ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲ್‍ ಮೊಹಮ್ಮದ್‍ ಸಮೀರ್ ರವರು
           ಆರೋಪಿ ಮತ್ತು ಆರೋಪಿ ತಾಯಿಗೆ ಬೆದರಿಕೆ ಹಾಕಿ
           ಬರೆಸಿಕೊಂಡಿರುವ ಪತ್ರ ಆಗಿದೆ ಎಂದರೆ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ ಸರಿಯಲ್ಲ
           ಎನ್ನುತ್ತಾರೆ. XXXXX"

     27.     Though, the accused is contending that his
signature on Ex.P9 was obtained by threatening him,
except his self-serving testimony, no witnesses have been
examined before the court to substantiate the same. His
mother and uncle would have been the star witnesses to
speak about the alleged threat put to accused and his
mother. Therefore, this court holds that the defence of the
accused in this regard has not been proved.
                         21
                                             C.C.No. 50549/2023
KABC0C0020752023



      28.    It is pertinent to note that the accused has not
issued reply to the legal notice. Had there been any such
threat, nothing prevented the accused to urge the same at
the first given opportunity by issuing reply to the demand
notice. It is elicited in the cross-examination of DW-1 that
in another case, i.e., CC.No. 53131/2023, the accused
has issued reply to the legal notice. But, no such stand is
taken in the said reply notice which is marked at Ex.P8 in
CC.No. 53131/2023. At one breath, accused is contending
that cheques were given to the complainant on the say of
Chairman of the complainant towards payment of three
months' salary and on the other, he is contending that the
cheques were taken by putting him and his mother under
threat. None of these contentions are worth of acceptance,
as because, normally, no employer would take cheque(s)
from his employee for the purpose of paying wages.

      29.    Accused is contending that he has deposited
₹50,000/- to the complainant for the purpose of issuing
relieving letter. However, as per his own version in his
cross-examination, even after paying ₹50,000/-, relieving
letter has not been issued to him. When it was questioned
if the said money was given as bribe, he has stated that he
does not know. It is pertinent to note that the accused
was relieved from duty on 29.07.2022. Once he was
relieved from duty, absolutely there was no necessity for
him   to    deposit   ₹50,000/-   to   the    complainant   on
                          22
                                            C.C.No. 50549/2023
KABC0C0020752023



07.09.2022. Therefore, the defence that ₹50,000/- was
paid to the complainant for the purpose of issuing
relieving letter is also not of worth acceptance.

       30.    It is true that the complainant has admitted
that out of the misappropriated money, the accused has
paid a sum of ₹50,000/- on 07.09.2022. This is not in
dispute. The said payment of ₹50,000/- was made after
the issuance of cheque at Ex.P1. According to the
complainant, money misappropriated by the accused is to
the tune of ₹5,00,000/-. Cheque at Ex.P1 is dated
15.08.2022 drawn for ₹1,11,000/-. Even after adjusting
amount paid by the accused after the issuance of the
cheque, towards misappropriated money, the accused is
still liable to pay ₹4,50,000/-.

       31.    It is true that as per the averments at para
No.3     to   5   of   the    complaint,   the   total     money
misappropriated is ₹3,89,000/-. But, in Ex.P9, the
accused has admitted that he is liable to pay a sum
₹5,00,000/- and issued two cheques. In this regard, PW-1
was     questioned     during   cross-examination.       Relevant
portions of deposition of             PW-1 dated 19.12.2023
and 24.01.2024 are extracted as under:-

Deposition dated 19.12.2023
       "XXXX ಯಾುವ ದಿನಾಂಕದಂದು ಎಷ್ಟು ಹಣ ದುರುಪಯೆಾುೕಗ
       ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ನಿರ್ಧಿಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ನಿಮಗೆ ಹೇಳಲು ಆಗುತ್ತದಾ
                             23
                                                         C.C.No. 50549/2023
KABC0C0020752023



    ಎಂದರೆ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ ಇಲ್ಲಾ, ನನಗೆ ನೆನಪಿಲ್ಲಾ ಎನ್ನುತ್ತಾರೆ. ನಿಮ್ಮ ದೂರು
    ಮತ್ತು ಲೀಗಲ್‍ ನೋಟೀಸಿನಲ್ಲಿ ದುರುಪಯೆಾೕಗವಾಗಿರುವ ಮೊತ್ತ
    3,89,000-00 ಎಂದು ಮಾತ್ರ ನಮೂದು ಇದೆ ಎಂದರೆ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ
    ನಾವು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿದಾಗ ನಮಗೆ ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಸಿಕ್ಕಿದ್ದು, 3,89,000-00
    ಆದರೆ      ಅರೋಪಿಯೇ           ತಾನು   5,00,000-00              ದಷ್ಟು
    ದುರುಪಯಾೕಗ          ಮಾಡಿಕೊಂಡಿರುವುದಾಗಿ         ಒಪ್ಪಿ     ಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದಾರೆ
    ಎನ್ನುತ್ತಾರೆ."
    Deposition dated 24.01.2024
     " XXXXX ಆರೋಪಿ ದುರುಪಯೋಗ ಮಾಡಿರುವುದನ್ನು ಯಾರ
    ಮುಂದೆ ಒಪ್ಪಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದಾರೆ ಎಂದರೆ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ ಆರೋಪಿಯ ಚಿಕ್ಕಪ್ಪ,
    ಅವರ ತಾಯಿ ದಿಲ್‍ಬರಿ, ನಮ್ಮ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ ಪ್ರೆಸಿಡೆಂಟ್‍ ಅಬ್ದುಲ್‍
    ರೆಹಮಾನ್‍, ಅಲ್ಲಿನ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಲೆಕ್ಕಾಧಿಕಾರಿ ನರೇಶ್‍ಭಟ್‍ ಮತ್ತು
    ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲ್‍ರವರ       ಸಮಕ್ಷಮ          ರೂ.5,00,000/-ವನ್ನು
    ದುರುಪಯೇೂಗ ಪಡಿಸಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದೆ ಎಂದು ಒಪ್ಪಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ನಿಪಿ.9
    ರ ಪತ್ರವನ್ನು ಯಾರ ಸಮಕ್ಷಮ ಯಾರು ಬರೆದರು ಎಂದರೆ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ
    ಆರೋಪಿಯೇ ನಾನು ಮೇಲೆ ಹೇಳಿದವರ ಸಮಕ್ಷಮದಲ್ಲಿ ತನ್ನ ಸ್ವಂತ
    ಬರವಣಿಗೆಯಲ್ಲಿ         ಬರೆದಿದ್ದಾರೆ.   ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ       ನಿಪಿ.9       ರಲ್ಲಿ
    ರೂ.3,89,000/- ಎಂದು ಮೊತ್ತ ನಮೂದು ಆಗಿದೆ ಎಂದರೆ
    ವಿವರಣೆಅಷ್ಟಕ್ಕೆಕೊಟ್ಟಿದ್ದಾರೆ ದುರೂಪಯೋಗಆಗಿದೆಎಂದು ಆದರೆ
    ಒಪ್ಪಿ ಅವರು ಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. ರೂ.5,00,000/- ಆರೋಪಿ ಮೊತ್ತ
    ದುರುಪಯೋಗ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಂಡಿರುವ ಹಣದಲ್ಲಿ ಎಷ್ಟು ಹಣ ನಿಮಗೆ
    ವಾಪಾಸ್ಸು ಕೊಟ್ಟಿದ್ದಾರೆ ಎಂದರೆ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ ರೂ.50,000/- ಕೊಟ್ಟಿದ್ದಾರೆ
    ಎನ್ನುತ್ತಾರೆ.XXXXX"


     32.     Apart from the documentary evidence at Ex.P9,
there is clear evidence to explain the circumstances under
which the accused has drawn the cheques for ₹5,00,000/-
in favour of the complainant. Accused has made part
                            24
                                                C.C.No. 50549/2023
KABC0C0020752023



payment    of    ₹50,000/-      on   07.09.2022.      Even   after
adjusting the said sum towards the misappropriated
money of ₹5,00,000/-, the accused is still liable to pay
₹4,50,000/- to the complainant. The cheque on hand by
the accused is drawn for ₹1,11,000/-, which was
dishonored.
     33.     In Dashrathbhai Trikambhai Patel's case
(supra) facts involved are that, cheque dated 17.03.2014
was issued by the accused for ₹20,00,000/-. It was
presented for encashment on 02.04.2014 and it was
dishonored      due   to    insufficient   of    funds.   Between
18.04.2012 and 30.12.2013, the accused therein paid a
sum of ₹4,09,315/- to the complainant. After the dishonor
of the cheque, the complainant issued a statutory notice
to the accused calling upon him to pay legally enforceable
debt of ₹20,00,000/-. The accused issued reply to the said
notice. Thereafter, the complaint was filed against the
accused on 12.05.2014 for the offence under Section 138
of NI Act. Trial court acquitted the accused on the ground
that the accused has paid a sum of ₹4,09,315/- to the
complainant between 18.04.2012 and 30.12.2013. In
appeal, Hon'ble High Court of Bombay upheld the
judgment of trial court acquitting the accused. In appeal
before the Hon'ble Supreme Court, the question for
consideration was whether Section 138 of the NI Act
would still be attracted when the drawer of the cheque
                      25
                                       C.C.No. 50549/2023
KABC0C0020752023



makes a part payment towards the debt or liability after
the cheque is drawn but before the cheque is encashed,
for the dishonor of the cheque which represents the full
sum. Hon'ble Supreme Court after considering the
provisions contained in Sections 15 and 56 of NI Act and
discussing the previous judgments held as under:-


        29. Under Section 56 read with Section 15
        of the Act, an endorsement may be made
        by recording the part-payment of the debt
        in the cheque or in a note appended to the
        cheque. When such an endorsement is
        made, the instrument could still be used to
        negotiate the balance amount. If the
        endorsed cheque when presented for
        encashment of the balance amount is
        dishonoured, then the drawee can take
        recourse to the provisions of Section 138.
        Thus, when a part- payment of the debt is
        made after the cheque was drawn but
        before the cheque is encashed, such
        payment must be endorsed on the cheque
        under Section 56 of the Act. The cheque
        cannot be presented for encashment
        without recording the part payment. If the
        unendorsed cheque is dishonoured on
        presentation, the offence under Section 138
        would not be attracted since the cheque
        does not represent a legally enforceable
        debt at the time of encashment.

        30. In view of the discussion above, we
        summarise our findings below:

        (i) For the commission of an offence under
        Section    138,   the   cheque    that  is
                      26
                                       C.C.No. 50549/2023
KABC0C0020752023



       dishonoured must represent a legally
       enforceable debt on the date of maturity or
       presentation;

       (ii) If the drawer of the cheque pays a part
       or whole of the sum between the period
       when the cheque is drawn and when it is
       encashed upon maturity, then the legally
       enforceable debt on the date of maturity
       would not be the sum represented on the
       cheque;

       (iii) When a part or whole of the sum
       represented on the cheque is paid by the
       drawer of the cheque, it must be endorsed
       on the cheque as prescribed in Section 56
       of the Act. The cheque endorsed with the
       payment made may be used to negotiate
       the balance, if any. If the cheque that is
       endorsed is dishonoured when it is sought
       to be encashed upon maturity, then the
       offence under Section 138 will stand
       attracted;

       (iv) The first respondent has made part-
       payments after the debt was incurred and
       before the cheque was encashed upon
       maturity. The sum of rupees twenty lakhs
       represented on the cheque was not the
       'legally enforceable debt' on the date of
       maturity. Thus, the first respondent cannot
       be deemed to have committed an offence
       under Section 138 of the Act when the
       cheque was dishonoured for insufficient
       funds; and

       (v) The notice demanding the payment of
       the 'said amount of money' has been
       interpreted by judgments of this Court to
                         27
                                          C.C.No. 50549/2023
KABC0C0020752023



           mean the cheque amount. The conditions
           stipulated in the provisos to Section 138
           need to be fulfilled in addition to the
           ingredients in the substantive part of
           Section 138. Since in this case, the first
           respondent has not committed an offence
           under Section 138, the validity of the form
           of the notice need not be decided."

     34.     In the present case, the subject cheque is
dated 15.08.2022 for ₹1,11,000/- was issued by the
accused with letter dated 30.07.2022 (Ex.P9) under which
the liability admitted by the accused was ₹5,00,000/-. In
other words, it is a post-dated cheque. Out of the liability
admitted under Ex.P9, the accused has made part
payment of ₹50,000/- on 07.09.2022. The subject cheque
was presented for encashment twice on 06.09.2022 and
05.11.2022. On both occasions, it was dishonored.
Thereafter, demand notice dated 06.12.2022, was issued
to the accused calling upon him pay the dishonored
cheque amount of ₹1,11,000/-. Accused has neither
issued reply nor complied the demand. Therefore, this
complaint is filed. It is relevant to note that amount
involved in the cheque is lesser than the liability admitted
under Ex.P9. Therefore, notwithstanding the payment of
₹50,000/- by the accused before the presentation of the
cheque for second time does not in any way affect the
case, as the said part payment of ₹50,000/- does not fully
wipe off the entire liability of ₹5,00,000/-. Therefore, facts
                            28
                                               C.C.No. 50549/2023
KABC0C0020752023



involved     in   this    case   and   the     one   involved   in
Dashrathbhai Trikambhai Patel's case (supra) are
altogether    different    and    as   such,    it   is   factually
distinguishable.

      35.    Section 138 of the NI Act provides that a
drawer of a cheque is deemed to have committed the
offence if the following ingredients are fulfilled:
        (i) A cheque drawn for the payment of any
        amount of money to another person;

        (ii) The cheque is drawn for the discharge of
        the "whole or part" of any debt or other
        liability. "Debt or other liability" means legally
        enforceable debt or other liability; and

        (iii) The cheque is returned by the bank
        unpaid because of insufficient funds.

       However, unless the stipulations in the proviso are
fulfilled the offence is not deemed to be committed. The
conditions in the proviso are as follows:


        (i) The cheque must be presented in the bank
        within six months from the date on which it
        was drawn or within the period of its validity;

        (ii) The holder of the cheque must make a
        demand for the payment of the "said amount
        of money" by giving a notice in writing to the
        drawer of the cheque within thirty days from
        the receipt of the notice from the bank that
        the cheque was returned dishonoured; and
                           29
                                            C.C.No. 50549/2023
KABC0C0020752023




        (iii) The holder of the cheque fails to make the
        payment of the "said amount of money" within
        fifteen days from the receipt of the notice.

      36.    It is also apt to discuss that a negotiable
instrument        including    a   cheque   carries   following
presumptions in terms of Section 118(a) and Section 139
of the N.I.Act.

             (i) Section 118 of the N.I.Act provides;
             Presumptions as to negotiable
             instruments; Until the contrary is
             proved, the following presumptions
             shall be made;

             (a) of consideration that every
             negotiable instrument was made or
             drawn for consideration, and that
             every such instrument, when it has
             been accepted, indorsed negotiated or
             transferred was accepted, indorsed,
             negotiated    or    transferred   for
             consideration:"

             (ii) Section 139 of the N.I.Act provides
             as follows:

             'Presumption in favour of holder it
             shall be presumed, unless the
             contrary is proved, that the holder of a
             cheque received the cheque of the
             nature referred to in Section 138 for
             the discharge, in whole or in part, of
             any debt or other liability".
                         30
                                           C.C.No. 50549/2023
KABC0C0020752023



       37.   Thus, the combined effect of Section 118(a)
and Section 139 of N.I.Act raises a presumption in favour
of the holder of the cheque that he has received the same
for discharge, in whole or in part of any debt or other
liability.

       38. For appreciating legal position, it is worth to
refer to the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the
case of Hiten P.Dalal V.Bratindranath Banerjee: (2001)
6 SCC 16, wherein it was held that:
             "22. Because both Sections 138 and
             139 require that the Court "shall
             presume" the liability of the drawer of
             the cheques for the amounts for which
             the cheques are drawn, as noted in
             State of Madras vs.A.Vaidyanatha Iyer
             AIR 1958 SC 61, it is obligatory on the
             Court to raise this presumption in every
             case where the factual basis for the
             raising of the presumption had been
             established. "It introduces an exception
             to the general rule as to the burden of
             proof in criminal cases and shifts the
             onus on to the accused" (ibid). Such a
             presumption is a presumption of law,
             as distinguished from a presumption of
             fact which describes provisions by
             which the court 'may presume" a
             certain state of affairs. Presumptions
             are rules of evidence and do not conflict
             with the presumption of innocence,
             because by the latter all that is meant
             is that the prosecution is obliged to
             prove the case against the accused
             beyond      reasonable     doubt.    The
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             obligation on the prosecution may be
             discharged    with     the   help    of
             presumptions of law or fact unless the
             accused adduces evidence showing the
             reasonable     possibility   of     the
             nonexistence of the presumed fact."

     39. Similar view has been taken by the Hon'ble
Supreme Court in K.N.Beena vs. Munyappan and Ors.,
AIR 2001 SC 289.


     40. Hon'ble Supreme Court in Kalamani Tex and
Anr. V/s Balasubramanian, 2021 SCC Online SC 75,
held that:
             "14. Adverting to the case in hand, we
             find on a plain reading of its judgment
             that the trial        Court completely
             overlooked the provisions and failed to
             appreciate the statutory presumption
             drawn under Section 118 and Section
             139 of NIA. The Statute mandates that
             once the signature (s) of an accused on
             the cheque/negotiable instrument are
             established, then these 'reverse onus'
             clauses become operative. In such a
             situation, the obligation shifts upon the
             accused to discharge the presumption
             imposed upon him."

     41. From the ratio in the judgments, it is clear that
for the offence under Section 138 of the Act, the
presumptions under Section 118 (a) and Section 139 of
N.I.Act have to be compulsory raised as soon as execution
of cheque by the accused is admitted or proved by the
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complainant and thereafter, burden shifts on the accused
to prove otherwise.

     42. It is pertinent to refer to the judgment of the
Hon'ble Apex Court in M/s Kumar Exports Vs. Sharma
Carpets, (2009) 2 SCC 513, wherein it was held:-

           "20. The accused in a trial under
           Section 138 of the Act has two options.
           He can either show that consideration
           and debt did not exist or that under
           the particular circumstances of the
           case     the    non      existence     of
           consideration and debt is so probable
           that a prudent man ought to suppose
           that no      consideration and debt
           existed. To rebut the statutory
           presumptions an accused is not
           expected to prove his defence beyond
           reasonable doubt as is expected of the
           complainant in a criminal trial. The
           accused may adduce direct evidence
           to prove that the note in question was
           not supported by consideration and
           that there was no debt or liability to be
           discharged by him. However, the
           Court need not insist in every case
           that the accused should disprove the
           nonexistence of consideration and
           debt by leading direct evidence
           because the existence of negative
           evidence is neither possible nor
           contemplated. At the same time, it is
           clear that bare denial of the passing of
           the consideration and existence of
           debt, apparently would not serve the
           purpose of the accused. Something
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           which is probable has to be brought on
           record for getting the burden of proof
           shifted to the complainant. To disprove
           the presumptions, the accused should
           bring on record such facts and
           circumstances, upon consideration of
           which, the Court may either believe
           that the consideration and debt did
           not exist or their nonexistence was so
           probable that a prudent man would
           under the circumstances of the case,
           act upon the plea that they did not
           exist.   Apart from adducing direct
           evidence to prove that the note in
           question was not supported by
           consideration or that he had not
           incurred any debt or liability, the
           accused      may    also    rely  upon
           circumstantial evidence and if the
           circumstances so relied upon are
           compelling, the burden may likewise
           shift again on the complainant. The
           accused      may    also    rely  upon
           presumptions of fact, for instance,
           those mentioned in Section 114 of the
           Evidence      Act    to    rebut    the
           presumptions arising under Sections
           118 and 139 of the Act."

     43. Further, the above said principles have been
recently crystallized by Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case
of Basalingappa vs Mudibasappa, (2019) 5 SCC 418,
where it s held that:-
           "25. We having noticed the ratio laid
           down by this Court in above cases on
           Sections 118(a) and 139, we now
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         summarise the principles enumerated
         by this Court in following manner:

         (i) Once the execution of cheque is
         admitted Section 139 of the Act
         mandates a presumption that the
         cheque was for the discharge of any
         debt or other liability.

         (ii) The presumption under Section 139
         is a rebuttable presumption and the
         onus is on the accused to raise the
         probable defence. The standard of
         proof for rebutting the presumption is
         that of preponderance of probablities.

         (iii) To rebut the presumption, it is open
         for the accused to rely on evidence led
         by him or accused can also rely on the
         materials        submitted      by     the
         complainant in order to raise a
         probable       defence.    Inference     of
         preponderance of probabilities can be
         drawn not only from the materials
         brought on record by the parties but
         also by reference to the circumstances
         upon which they rely.

         (iv) That it is not necessary for the
         accused to come in the witness box in
         support of his defence, Section 139
         imposed an evidentiary burden and not
         a persuasive burden.

         (v) It is not necessary for the accused to
         come in the witness box to support his
         defence."
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     44.   In this case, execution of cheque is admitted
by the accused. Therefore, presumption mandated under
Section 139 of the Act will gets attracted. Indisputably,
the cheque was presented for encashment well within its
validity and that it was returned by the bank unpaid
because of insufficient funds. After the receipt of the
intimation of dishonour from the bank, the complainant
has issued a statutory demand notice within the period
stipulated under proviso (b) to Section 138 and the said
notice served on the accused. Accused has not made
payment of amount covered under the dishonored cheque.
Therefore, offence under Section 138 of N.I.Act is deemed
to have been committed. The accused has failed to
probablize his defence(s). He has also failed to rebut the
presumptions under Section 118 (a) and Section 139 of
N.I.Act. Therefore, this court holds that the complainant
has proved that the accused has committed the offence
punishable under Section 138 of N.I.Act. Accordingly, I
answer Point No.1 in the Affirmative.
     45.   Point No.2:-Punishment prescribed for the
offence under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act
is imprisonment for a period which may extend to two
years or with fine which may extend to twice the amount
of the cheque or with both. Considering the facts and
circumstances of this case, year of the transaction and the
rate of interest stipulated under Section 80 of NI Act, this
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court is of the considered view that it is just and desirable
to impose fine of ₹1,70,000/- and out of the said amount,
it is just and proper to award a sum of ₹1,65,000/- as
compensation to the complainant as provided under
Section 357(1) (b) of Cr.P.C and the remaining sum of
₹5,000/- shall go to the State. In view of the findings
recorded above, I proceed to pass the following:
                         ORDER

Accused is held guilty and acting under Section 255(2) of Cr.P.C., he is convicted for the offence punishable under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act and sentenced to pay a fine of ₹1,70,000/-. In default to pay fine, he shall undergo simple imprisonment for a period of three months.

Out of the realized fine amount, a sum of ₹1,65,000/- is ordered to be paid to the complainant as compensation and the remaining sum of ₹5,000/- shall be remitted to State.

Bail bonds executed by accused shall stand cancelled.

Office to supply a free copy of this judgment to accused.

(Dictated to the Stenographer, transcript computerized by her, revised corrected and then pronounced by me in the open Court on this the 19th day of March, 2025) ( SANTHOSH S.KUNDER ) XIV Addl. C.J.M., Bengaluru.

37

C.C.No. 50549/2023 KABC0C0020752023 ANNEXURES List of witness examined for the Complainant:

PW.1 Mrs.Champa K.C List of documents marked for the Complainant:

Ex.P.1 Cheque Ex.P.1(a) Signature of the accused Ex.P.2 Bank endorsement Ex.P.3 Copy of legal notice 06.12.2022 Ex.P.4 to 6 Postal receipts-3 Ex.P.7 Postal acknowledgment card Ex.P.8 Extract of resolution passed by the trusties of the complainant dated 21.12.2022 Ex.P.9 Letter dated 30.07.2022 written by the accused to the complainant Ex.P.9(a) Signatures of the accused & (b) Ex.P.10 Bank statement of complainant Ex.P.11 Bank statement of Bearys College of Education Ex.P.12 Bank statement of Bearys First Grade College List of witness examined for the defence:

DW.1 Zeharan Khateeb List of documents marked for the defence: NIL XIV Addl.C.J.M., Bengaluru