Section 31(1) in Punjab Transparency in Public Procurement Act, 2019
(1)A procuring entity may choose to procure the subject matter of procurement by the method of two stage bidding, if,-(a)it is not feasible for the procuring entity to formulate detailed specifications or identify specific characteristics for the subject matter of procurement, without receiving inputs regarding its technical aspects from bidders; or(b)the character of the subject matter of procurement is subject to such rapid technological advances and market fluctuations to make open competitive bidding unfeasible; or(c)the procuring entity seeks to enter into a contract for the purpose of research, experiment, study or development, except where the contract includes the production of items in quantities sufficient to establish their commercial viability or to recover research and development costs; or(d)the bidder is expected to carry out a detailed survey or investigation and undertake comprehensive assessment of risks, costs, and obligations associated with the particular procurement.
