Sri B Srikumara vs The Secretary on 7 October, 2011

[Cites 5, Cited by 0]

Karnataka High Court

Sri B Srikumara vs The Secretary on 7 October, 2011

Bench: Manjula Chellur, S.N.Satyanarayana

" .B:»:i';jg;1E<32'<2v§§§ 2&2

IN THE HIGH COURT OF KARNATABLQ AT BANGAL_C_}__RE

IJATEID T}--HS THE '?'§'?"1 DAY OF' OCTOBER, 

PRESENT'

THE HONBLE MRS. JUSTECE MANJULA c~H:E:;L:%R" "  'A  

AND   

THE HONBLE MR. JUSTICE) S351, 

'WRIT P£3'I'1'1'1ON NO.18382T'O_.F 2ﬁ'I.Q'{EDE§E+'RE§;_PIL§

BETWEEN:

S1'i.B. Si'iKL1II}ELE'a  5 _ , .

S /0 Sri. B. K. Ra'maCha'i::ir--;m--}_  }

Aged about 41 years _  '

R/at 9, 3:6 Shopiane    %  A
Tata Silk Farm   =:   A ' 
Basavangudi.   ' '   

Bangalore 560_{>o__4     ...PE'£'I'I'1ONER

(BY SR1} M, -V} V E€},irngi:2-5 "Adv:.}
AND: ' .

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~ '{;'§$:5"§( N. B' VishWa§1a{.hg ASA for R1)



This Writ Petition is filed under Articles 226 And
227 of the Censtituticm of indie pretyizig to tti§_rec't the
resporiderats to reserve :1
Candidates domiciled in the Statte of K21I'3<1e2t,aka.;~~---- . f  L'

This Writ, petition having' been heard_arz_ti'=.:fee.e:V€d,t" .
coming on fox.' pro':1ounCement. ef-_Or(:1erM  

Manjula Chellur 3.. made the foi_19wi;;_g': j;  '
9 R I5 

This pubfic intereet""i%§tigetéQ.ﬁ ":;<;.__f»%,fAedeby a practicing
advocate -~ the petitEonerVVh_eLreVire' ;§5cc'tS'rt3Vi':';..%;;V---t'0 him, he has
put in about 18"  Qtpriectice' stzemits that he has
been an actéye-:j_44§5¢3Eti.tii;3a_ti't~'i,"'inj"rr'£edt Court championships
and other a_ct:i\;{i'%t§"é-*,s.._e':":Cf"$1ei'svv----.bt"o-ﬁght iaurefs te his college.

He comes' =acress,"'~be'i%ég.« V;5"--.p4racticing advocate, many éaw

studezjte from "e.:e_;fEV<jus ieeiﬁeges seeking advise fer their

  .V%:"I'h._;s enabled him to acquire awarenesis ef the

e"'s:pé:?;i*;t§e'::é"'«.a§n;fjthe eehéevemente ef the etueente eerees

' _ the e"r"es3..__'Seei:'§oe ef the seeiete.

   "tee eetétieeee :2 iteeety feiiewéeg tee eeméegtee

"t..__ ':§f'e%€Eﬁt§§'8 eeeetee by the 2"' reseeeeeet Fxéatieeeé Lew

percentage of 



Schooi of India University, Bangalore, and the pattern_.._t_hat

is foifowed by other few schoots acress the countng/';'~::.f"i7ne.u
2"" respondent university is created by an er;4a:ctnf'§ie'nt

the State of Karnataka by its Act No, .22 it known as the Natéonai law Schooi In?_jEEa'VA<ft'; 2"" respondent university eniikxersityVigesitabiiisned through a trust formed in "i<arAnat§aka at Bangalore and was Karnataka Societies Re9iétr§'?i.§ﬁ ;m:"t',;~i;'}9.5Q,l§e'~te_"7':oo7, the 2""

respondent entrance test conductee....biA?A"'y'Eht f°?at?~d it onwards a common entrance universities is being eonducted.VV"t«.ffhe studAe_vnt's..."~~'tare aiiowed to make a choice .«v..&_betv${»e.i3n:_'tne 1ft""un,i/_:ie_rsities and they can even change "x_:fi'£:{rr'z~ .ene__enii"t<e"r*s§ty to another university. Subsequent te tneiéaninoL2'r:A-eernaent of reseits fez' the aeaeernée year 2e1em Q11 eaett i:s2'ji§Kfé§'$E§C'y' eazne out with tee eteazésienai aetnisséon V' annf the eeresai ef erexzéséenaé aernéssien éist §§'i{}%'%:'§ that C'-'En"5a§E, aémost e univetséties east er' 12 universities have .«'**a,f"*~ made reservation of seats in their universities fer students having doméciie in their respective states.

3. According to the petitioner, this ts.V_;fa'£{j't.hi:iig.:'~h_ut'a~t disadvantage faced by the '71O'?: >i<&iETVu"i.;fs]'fE§}§_E;3ﬁ' compared to the students frem ether.states;.§¥g't1ere'i*:ie'a&JV"'~i universities are iecated. Accd't'd:V§if:»g to reisiertrirag ei portion of the seatsifgsr their respective states, fse;.;.tg~.AA_'5t}_a.;Iab!e for the students from thereby the students eoiiipete for fess number of frti_--rhWVVother states have an O§3{3O¥'tLstl'i5t§§,?' to' ali the seats. If certain percentage j6f..sAe'ats at-e reserved for students doméciied in ' V. ""-Ke'r'eeté:k;a Edythe Aiihawtespondettt, then the enemaiy wiii be ~..se.t-such advantage td the eendidetes item $'EA§"i--3_§' t;;:~§'%x;e;:?:s%ties wtii eise be svetéebée te them, at at teast di.'sv;3;_§§t:entege fer the students frees Kareeteke Witt he V."'--.:'e::7e.-ézed, titfittz these evetmeets he has setzgtit: fer the d __tr§§tewing direetierzs:

01

'e\

i) to issue a writ in the form of a mandamus directing the respondents reserve a percentage of seats for candidates.

domiciieo in the State of Karnataka; and

ii) issue any other wr_§t.,.,.»oireeti'on''-o}f '' order the Horfble Court depemsnfzift interest ofjustice and equity." i i'

4. As against this, the .2""V"t'ti='e:s'poVodé'ot Qﬁitefsity has ﬂied its objections seeigiifig c5ifisrri.AissE;i'i,:oi.pthe petition in limine as it tacks bVonaficieVsV,V:'_The§r tiiie§;~e"th'at'V"the petitioner is espousing .,:o'né;g..t.tiere is no ptibiic interest invo:'wjedi__i'n_ the wi4i't~':e'pet'itrion"pie the reservations are a matter of" pVoi'ievj'-.ee'nd"~Vi.§i""-th'e' absence of provisions of reservatiorig it.here_is »':io"_.»iVmandate to invoke the writ 3'uris;i.i_ig:'t'iori, is tVi*ie._.Voont;e:ntion of the tespoooeots, The Z"

tespo:n:ie'r§t_-i.iVAn"i.versity was estabiished to promote iegai e'{§~ti'¥c;afi.ioVVri «Z5ifi_~ijri:jie as e tesiiit ei mandate of ﬁat' Coaziieii of .£rioie.';" isfthe eotiotrigli premier iostétiitioo io tegei The Sitief eoeisoiog boot: erio toe éestitetioo ._:".§€:E;i-Q%!§A§A as Geoeiei Coizoeii eoiisists of eieoffieio oieroeere ititiuoing Eedges of the i~ioo'bie Supreme Court of Xﬁéia, ,. .\._K§\;iK' Chief mstice of the Horfbte High Court of Karnataka, Chairman and nominated members of the Bar Ineziia. The 3-torfbie Chief Justice of indie (Chanceiler) of the institutécn. __....T._he university conducts varieus Courses c:<)'~.*3_Fé2!':'S'; degrees inctudéng Eacheler"Q'f*-._Arts;"- 8Vac:he1Evr;>r"~.__'c>i'*~VLaws, " ' Master of Laws, Boctogof Lays.r_s.t',VVV:AT~"1a§te_r ¥3h:i.E_Q3cEphy and Doctor of philosophy, . u S. The that right from its Va.'teV'&ftja'd'e based on Aii India Entranﬁe eandidates get admitted st:b3;e<:tVx"t§ﬁ>" dthefnt':.eAiE»§;:_it'tte"'«'triterioe. Theugh the 2""

respondent 'ES set £53: Act cf Katnatake Iegtséature, Es

- p-22' ei'at:§'ei#*e;:.¥ Eeyfei inetétiétien, therefere, it is net meet the I :¢a:rtee~: Gevemment. "The Geﬁerai Cetseeit am the»-..4__Exe.:etVEézet Ceueeié meeege tee effaére ef the 2":

'-'»reepe§é€§,es%t5 Gevemmeet has ee Say" tn the maréegemeet fttneiéeeéng ef the Lﬁﬁiﬁéfﬁtigf. it éeee eet feeé the ., _'Vi.2{_"5'"M §"§$§9R§&E"%E §.£%"E§\é'8E"S§'E";.«'s Feeeéng of the iéEtE"v'€§'"S%€'y' ﬁe by way of tuitien fee and endewments Ens;tituted_.__by Endividuaés, erganisatiens from at! over India and--«j£a§'ffe:a'dA' apart from the grants from the UGC towards * development, is the contention of tne...2_'5'§

6. It further contends; it b'e:n"g=._ a rietpioiﬁei' e»¥e:e%d University, question of reservaet:§::§3'n of" Seefs:.%'or:°;p'eV§9s'ons domiciied in any particu'1a;f' State"j::$'j§n'd';-a.wedéd réet arise.

The regaﬁations framed approved by the Iilouncil aiready provides reee}\;:a"tie'Ii":V%e.f esprdidates te the extent of 150/o a5d 3% seats for persons with <:fiseAi;iV§ﬁit";r,V of provisiens either in the Act or-mi oie}*2e.§9A're'éguI.etie'n or iaw; the scheme ef the '";:etE{i'eene3z*'n=%:%:'é::ii eeatsmere to be reserved fer students frem Ehe_SEete"-ef"ééerféateka came: be accepted, Aceerdieg to \\'.":'g',-,\V§£' ' _ :i':eg3T_'f5 ree~;§e§::d7Tes:: a writ petétiee came te be féiee by we %!e?uv§:tE§':egat egeérsst the iénéee ef Eedée and eeréeee ' 253C?

.,ee'§'2ee§e éeeéedéeg the reepeeeeei %ée::'eEe Qhéef .«:.'v§';:s§:§ee ef Eeeée déeected Ejeéen ef Eadie ﬁe eeesaii the Nationai Law Schoois with a view to evoive a scheme for Common Admission Test. In order to avoid conf!4ijct.t:'w_i:t'hV' regard to the scheduting and the dates of entrataceél:'t'evst*-Tin'-'-eA * various law schools, though there _E_ds....no' ee5:'atr9ai"

co--ordinate activities between alt the N;at§.onatE._Lavji S«é:i5é'c:--o.i's7vt.:

by consensus, the of t3?,_es--o.t.:roes Deveiopment, the GovetnmentV_:o:F':A'Endéa; and University Grants Commission ofvfndiai .a"m_eeting of Vice Chanceiiors of 7.wNvatiooa'i'~v:tgtNVV'Sehoo.isvttneitoding the 2""

respondent resolved to hoist a Commetnt. xAé:hé'eshv"§§s known as Common Law "It takes into its Foid :11 universities';.__E><,ceot co.;1dvr.g_u<:ting common entrance test and aIlocet{i:'tVgt'~studeta=ts____t_o_the universities eased on their r.ar:i<.:og _Vae.{,i--..V§}"rfe_ference, the admisstors criterion to each o"nts?e.ts§tg?«V%'s~.fE;=a;;ed by ttée resoective L5E'1§¥J€E"SE§E$$5 as east:

_ et:éve":*s§t§,{;.s"s1.»e atstoeomotss body. The sessoodeot tears tées s totst memos: of 8% seets end eireeey .'«tQ~_.;'é::}e%s;'stion to SC 8"? arts sersoss with éésabitéty apart from "..:fS"'seats to toretgo natéozsais is provides The admissions . 3'.//"

:9:

are pureiy based upon merit and reservation pQ__I_icy. Therefere, demicéies of the candidates snoeéezi not haix2Ve:'fa»n*yiu bearing upon the admissions that are to be 2"" respondent schooi. Apart from__it.he__'aibisfée'v'tjeet'eté'ti§}::3s'n-L in the ciaérn of the petitioner that he isaa etc. are ciaimed to be net with_i_h--~.the 3<"mVwie§dg.e' 12""

respondent. They have__ aiso dVenVied_ '8._Vuni§?érsitAée5;} except the 2 universities making :trje.se;fvi3tici4:*;--Vtf't:.r:'students having domiciie in theEr_e'respectiv'e .V'Th:e'»'udisadvantages faced by __Q1F._Karnfavtekewiciaimed by the petitioneri-i~s_'§e_§§ie:é:E;, Ei_ei":.s,VJin'gT"'*eV!VE'ether averments they have sotsgnt fer "petition.

Apatt V.,sfi"en"é' reiterating the eenteetiens aiready I-Ti"reEé$eew'§n5»--."the'merit piesitm, Detitioeer contends {hat entire 2" reseehdent university is erevidee ey'A3Zit:ate'.~eiéziéeseeteke aed it is net wear': 5:: the 2""

7-"«.__£"eseee5ee§E te eiaém that the ﬁtete ﬁeveeemeet hes " te de with the same. eceetdihg te him, the "».§f$S§éE"ifat§§%""é in eeeeetieeeé iastitetiens hesee er: eernéeiie 44 t"'x;{°g;' V "A " ' :10: and residency requirement is aise peléey of Union ef India and if such requirement fer admission is insisted-"'én a State, it cannot be condemned as unconstitutie.e_e£ﬂdt§'de':rH Articie 16 (2). He further contends that is not simpiy a matter of iegai e;;iiet':'t~g V depends on severe; facts. A{:cord.bEAe.g reservation which are not martdated by itawcajtz aa'E:se"be the V subject matter of a writ getitish'; t<:'>"the"}netice of the Court section 20 of India Act of 1986 making :a xdvceuncii may with the prior Vsyisitor and the State Gover:iin1erj't arhend either prospectively or retr0Spet":'Vt'1*s(eiy_ tee. _ _~5;,3.!"z!§;:ce%d§r:«g___te the ieemed cezmsei Mr. Ramene ':eh'e.e *a:%f;?e~t27??""'re_sees*1der7t is eise e eatéenaé Eae; university; ertr§e'~~3Ea§§s'«-'VieVA'et£ede:'stend eees it is different item ether netEe*:7;a§E.§a.e} eeéverséties eke esgsae téyeereeee, eta, wee »§*:ai%g*"e' ezevédee deeeéeéée :'esetea':£eet 'eﬁéee the Z"

éleseeedent Es eat denying beiee e netieeeé university eke :11: ether institutions; it is not open to them to say that they are different from other universities. averments piecing reiéance en several decisions, sought for the retief as sought in the.wré.t pe_L*§'t'i't3'n;_';». '

9. As against this, Mr. v_i\{ei< Fiotlla-..appeett§ntg' ferdttiet 'V 2"" respondent university frdm' the defence raised in the whtevtiid ésveiready narrated contends that mandamus in the absence§ef'et§_y part ef the 2"

respondent te p_.fo\/E'd'e--.su'k:~t§--.re'ee}vd'tior1's. According to him estabtisatwmeriitt'7e_:7d__:n#:VQrasti"tt;_tE0n_' of Law Schoof of India Universétﬁf .eﬁdAer' aft provides for eenstitutéon of Genete§--vCeuefc:éE-,. "E><;ecut'%ve' Councii and the funetiees of the .°5e;'nV'e'.. Pie eise refersmte the various ereviséees ef the Act e.r:V§:E._t- §:'i';ve'j~._tedutetiens fer the edmieséde add the t edee'e._§e§r§es:t.i"~~'ef the universities; He streeueuséy ceeteeds s*§g:%':%:?te§"§': 20% te ZQEQ the emeeets received ftem _tee-Sitete $§'e'€?¥%%'?1@§"'E*£ is tees teen 1% e? tee teteé éneeme "~;;~:|« eftéae 2;? reepeedeet, Therefere, they are jestéféee it"; With. ' saying that they are net receiving any significant fund from the State Government. Accerding te hirn, the UnéversiE:t'y_;:i's._' an autrshornous LiE1iVe¥'SEty governed by the self financed university. Therefere_,...th_ere conferring power to the State Gov:eifnrhe.n't 'to'? the administration or managerh-ent. "He ft:rti'3ei={_'e-><.g2,iaiins that reservation is already in arid that the reservation s0ught"'--ththe %.:jwii'ti"t"--t'I?§tét,iQn cannot be entertained. He explains' 'Entrance Test is conducted gteisefysation is a matter of policy on the university regarding arpeiieyi»gt;.ti:i'ch'i§Sa.a:;§'i;t.'a'pproved by the university. ;1:O.- A';r;c¢'rei:§g him, the domieiie based '"r'ese'iyati5ens'is net aviiiihandate either in the censtétution or "iii_: "t.ii'_:.e'£'i.§i;»--.._eenee§eedt Tnerefere, viewed frem any angie st:e%;»..44i*ese:':;a'tiein Carinet be pseyéeee es edsnissiee is the Z"-'«i__Ve.rerege't§.x;e ef each university whien ean etzeese the seeree ' '"§:%e:'~¥.':_ is-%és'§i§e§2 aﬁniésséens ate te ee meeet eeeereieg te hire ..j_e;::fieiai éntetfereeee ie matters 9? neiiey is zsery iirnitee ene :18: he places reliance on several judgments which would be referred to later. According to him, unless tnei§e""eis statutory duty, a writ of mandamus would n_o"t'"l§.g.;§:'§d__ 4 therefore, the present writ petition seeki..r.>.g.A'_f2.Vv'wfit._ mandamus is not maintainable. He__i*efesis':4st'o---.'s*evei'adtf universities which are not haying 'a_n'y dorifﬁcsiie lbaégedl reservations and according to tesewév-etliions loosed on domicile are insisteq;:_"~~.:;,t to 'inequality. According to himA, even'the'.do.:9§faVlt§:lie~'"'oe'sei:.i.l-'reservation is not uniform it is introduced.

According to the has set no national schoolsV*ma'--n'dates':':lomicE'l'€%_:heservation like NALSAR, such reservati0r'i°i_sMé "Ef;_".."universlties are funded by the SEalZ'€;'-§;.GQ'I;'€E'E'":§2'§;€l'l'?,._f§lfi_G§:3 also domicéie reservetioe can be "'__V;;ro'v%dVeciVcv".t'Be't~_f:he 2"" resoondeet university being an eetAoeomo'o--sL:-body sect'; resenxeiion ceneot be osoeéded.

3.'.1v..c.':'iAie tsetse gene through the severe: judgments T "i"e§§e_e_:--':,.:oo§"s oy sees the ieemed ceeeseé for the eetétéeoer ., _a_s?weEl as tee resooodeets. ""i""t':e:"e can ¥"§e2;e§* be e seeosd :24: oeinioii that the National Law University of India at Bangaiore is a premier institiitioii. It is the first of its"--kind ah the country anti the brainchiid of Bar Ceunciiév.Qfj'4<'I.i}i:ciie;.tt23 have qtiaiity eéucation in the field at Eaw. "me:

was started with an intention tsfi education in Saw and the Ci"lt@Fl€3il"i_j for seieetidin'~ef'v.4tt2e*-- stticients is merit based Comiri'eﬁ""Entran€eV V"iiioi?\}ever, it is not the stand efV2"..'V"_1 re$ip'dnei.e:it""i.i_nivers'i'ty"that they have no reservation of airiyikiitief :'ﬁSi..:e"'-!.'t3=a'tt_er at fact, they have resenxatietjysi-. fat 8T',"vl".jfQif_eixg'i*'i nationals and physicaliy ;-':fi'se,i3ie"ti'"'per's-r:§'nt$';--ﬁiiiereiore, it cannot claim that réser=«alii¢h'~'tiiayliciesiigiieianti to the Act under which the zii"iivei'si_ty has te£Vi<eﬁ~.'i;5.ii'rth. til?-2; "iiiie writﬁetitiener as a preterm piibiiee has i...iii:.tietet§"~tiieVkpifeeeeeiiigs in this Piibiie Interest titigetieii. iii e4__Veeteee"§etiVeeeisietisg the Aeex Ceiirt has ieie eewii the 3"~'~___V*»etii'i<:ieie_s item: eiibiie interest iitigetieti must be ﬁeeit wittzi f§§'?.€_:%€§i'ii; eetitieiiei' isiiiie ieitietee eet.ieii iii eiieiit: iiitetest eeriie net eeiig witti tieaii tieiiés, iiite eiiy etiiet iitigant, but must further come with a Clear: heart, .:_:E_eain mind arid a deer: objective. Public Interest Litigation:'fi's_.e,_ weapon and the same has to be used with grezat ' caution. The Courts have to be e>:trerr4iely'_'.r:'aVrie1'iul' to.4g:ee'i'.,, it the purpose and object behind the;"1«bea_'uti'iuilveiiof interest. It is possible under'V.th'e.V_guis'e self motivated ugly private :rr3--elo':'i:e;"-».yest'e't:i-..i,i'iteirest or publicity crave may the Courts dealing with such:'m__atte'rs"rrie:st_:tr§i-to..VE~ifti't'he veil arid see whether sughr :ii';';;'§V;iro'a--chihg the Court. Courts rea-y. "it's:-.e>;}traorciiriary jurisdiction where o"o'bli<:" at suffer. Similarly Courts owes a to society from the so--caliee:i ..v..&tasi<V§aelo:elrs vCa§.§Vii"i'g._§jf}_fE3:"¥"lS@E\!€S as protectors oi' society' rn_oet«see.__whether the probono oubiie refers pubiic g oisoetez irit-eéreeitV'o'ii'«--".'priAi;*e'te interest by eoove-rtiog the irzeivioiiei "ih;iox.oi:eiie interest, Though oobiie irsieresit V' :jii%:i§Tet_i.oo has to ee $i'""i€i}i.EE"'@§€§g org': tee roisiiee erio eoose '«l.'--'{:%llA:V'ji;E';°i€'AAS3§"f°!8 has to oe oiseooregeo. "i"he aooee goioeiiries iﬂaild down irz the various oecisioris of the Apex Court have ;E8:

to be kept in mind whenever a gubiic interest Eitégatioh is filed before the Court.

13. Then coming to the facts at the pre::_e'h_:t»..r;'ase, rttae' brochure pertaining to Comment!' Lats' ('CE..AT' for short) of 2011 pieced emtecord_.s'm%gs" west V Berigaf Nationai University 0t""t';3br§d§ca|V"f;TSC§'e:'.é'§r;es':§is the organising University fcr:§:hés various astﬂects of it refers to various reseryj"ati'gh's categories inciuding ;..¥/ésehrtgataton. it wouid be relevant'ttrV'V:'hAe.h;.iVoh;itVhre1jtiétfererrttVreservatioas available at different"{§Iat§bna.l_.«'A:.%j%§g,%;--~..A::'t}rtéverséties in the country.

Rankizgg was rr»a.Vc}e"b'ase'd en the foliowmg categories:

«:i§5*Stha.tes Gerterrat «~ Some of the eartécieaténg by Eew required is reserve seats 'V ?%.€;f_ héeashhﬁééates haiééng trees the state %.«v%'ere the Ntti Es situate "ftzés is what bee Z Zrefers te as demfcéie beseﬁ reservetiee, the rank meet this eetegery is the unique rank e partiattsier eendéeate has Gbiétiﬁéﬁf when {tempered with ether candidates 0?

RN' the same domEcéEe that took the CLAT EXEHTL State SC: indicates the unique scheduled caste (SC) candidates dor'n__i:ciived.vvfhR S a ;:>arti<:uEar state who toekrrthe exam; State ST: indicates the:'..__unE;:;ue' reek.' scheduled tribe (STV)aVcanditi--3te3 donjéttirteti En ég "

particular state who the xexahrraa, :

State GBC: i;}_di<:ates_..thAev.uniqueSrams; aenong Gther Backwart} candidates domiciied in avV'partiee_lar s*tavte'.i'V_w.h~o took the exﬁ'71\..::t' 'A " ' " ' State Pa-Ema) hasmseats reserved for._ be'Eb'ng:§§ng to extremeiy ba_tiAi<x§&;,ar_dV'3c!as.sMe'r:.,_Of_Bihar. This coiumn notes

- 'you r e-nViq{ij_e . »i.rr.«~the categ ory.

s'tate.rec;e_ CNL'L..§'~~'t'(Patna) and NUALS (Kochi) ahave"se_a:tVs reserved for candidates beiengirag *7'ftoV'h'rbackwetrd cfesses of Ema? and Keraia H '"v4,_;fes;t:<eCéL*§.\;e§3r, This Ceieme netes 'yeer unique 'ra":j::§<Eré tee cetegeryt .__':'§'§a"te PWB: ieeéeates the unique reek ameeg " eersees with ﬁiseeiﬁtgr {ewe} Caneieetes eereieééee in a eertéetear stete ietze teek the QXBSTE.

10. :28: State Women: some participating NLUS, si.i_:_:h as rme (Bhopaf) and emu (Raipur} seats reserved fer women Cc':md§dat.E3'«E£..:'§fi7§§.tfi:f A Che'tti3,hgVe'rti't M respectively. This Column...eetesf§/eii'r/.t.;»n'§{g:;'_e.V Madhya Pradesh and rank in the category.

State SC (Women); eomée-.Ae'erticipet'ieng' r\'IE..U'5é.' it such as NLILE (ehopexb ante ..H'ix:~L,,u_, ('F:é£'i;:'u:¥') have seats §_eserved___ufe.r_ 'wuome'e"«.ceAnq,itiates from within'A--.t_iiAe Stat-e,i"E3C».,eA.Cetegery. This coiumrz notes in the categfﬁirii/'>*~_ it V S_tet:'e sufme gjeiiticipeting NLUS siseh~::_.<'.-ﬁe' and HNLU (Raipur) he$iei'._--vseVats -re"s~e;veci' for women candidates ﬁend -i:ii'Etfi:n:'~t§'e..:.:s'cate ST category, This ceiurnn -_netes«...-~'i'your unique rank in the eategerigﬂ V St:e.te SEC (Wemee} seme perticieetieg taiwe "=._ Seft§t;:"eS Nut} gjaheeei} and HMS} ikeieer) 'iEef.:;é: seats reeervee fer wereen cendieetee eee ' . reéeme it :2.

within the Steie Geﬁ eetegery teie eeéee 'gee? eeéeee reek ii: the eeteeergz, State EEC {Wemee}: Ctiétié {?etee} eee seats reserved fer wemee eeeeiéates beéeegieg to ~ \\%W£,v-"kg

13.

14. :18: extremety backward eiasses cf Bihar Category. This coiumn notes your unique rank Err.th4e;_V Category.

State er: (Women): cmu (Patna) serge ' reserved for wemen can_d3.da_tes '-beE'd'r§gVinQ"

backward Classes ef Béhaatf. ThsisivC0|rir.r}'rr- ndte,S at your unique rank irrsthe cate<_:}'c.ry. j A . State SC (PWD):V s.dr1w_e part_i<:§;s.a:tivg'r§j'~--wE'G'1;U's have seats e.\?'eserved:":'f,Qr'w._PW.D " « caradvﬁfdates domiciled in 'a.._._{:§artr=sdE.arVzst.a'te""tram within the SC category of notes you r_ t:.r}Eq.ue rja nk' tirr: r;h_e"~?:e:_eg 0:", L .S_ta.tj'ea Sgsmje participating NLUS

--:j__Vseat's' rées5ierQe'dt' fer' PWD candidates dt_1'rrr'*:'ivjrfa;-EVEeVdV'3riV:*'fa ejddavvrtrcdiar state from within the $T Categrij_r'y_'t'0f_1tt'h.at- state. This coiurrm netes V. 4_§':'en..

.z_3;3iq_t17e._vr'a':1t?€ in the Category. State (PWD): some participating rates have seats reserved for PWD Candidates 'V"'4..:d.:#'r"r1s:i:e'i:{.ed re a eartéceéar state from witrdn the .V'€§§C:f'VVr:et:eger$,r er that state "Fhis eeirrmrr .rr'e"tes ydrrr erriqrre rank in the categeryx i :2: 1' State P\r'\:'9 {Wemee}: eerrre eertéeéeetérzg rétiie rreee seats reeereed fer ererderr erase candidates derrzrcééed in a eartEr;rs§er ateter

18.

19.

20. :20: This column mates year unique rank in the categery.

State EBC (P\/VD)" CNLU (Patna) has reserved for PWD Candidates dom_ij<ii'1'ed..'_~v--.i.fj"7;. Bihar from within the extremeEy__V"ba;kiv$;a2%d T cfasses category of Biha§~.""'This f,O|L.;g*{1ff':-v'Efl¥C:V1:€}.E'§.v year unique rank in the Cate{;'0;r3}*.

State WBC (FWD) ,«:-- .,c';rx:m.{_pat:aa;»ﬁakgigéaits reserved for Wohfanén. PW'E3__ "'Atéand£;détes domiciied in Bihar 'fr0'n«ﬁ"L_:'*sv'i"thjra thﬁé"'b.tacv'i;ward Ciasses of notes your unéquefaiak if1..thte'-Ca.'t.ég:Q ' V --- State"'Ff\«fSf--D iancg .:.Fre'éti'(5-'FR.fighter ~ HNLU gfeserved for PWD <_:ahAcit~i'¢_1at§é;'.%dG;fi§'§.;iIed_'in Chattiggarh who are aiésc} Freedom Fightera. This <}c.|;3nvwr; -_h0'fés«.t.-~'t'your unique rank in the '~€at@Q6£'7}:%.v _ State PWD anﬁ Freedam Fighter {Women} W :""«..é H»vE'{,VEt'L;§_,_%"_:{Raé§z2:*) has geats; reserved 53:' wamem A P§'g?§1'§:aa§éﬁaZe$ éomiciéed in Chattéggarh Wm as-é aiss wamera am 5€§§§'§§@ﬁ§S 3% ﬁeeéern ' .- "FE§%"ster$. This Cﬁiijmfé mteg ygugr é§§2§:';"§LE@ :"as'2§< £52 Em <,'§'{e§§r°";r= . NRE; ﬁmiiﬁ {GandhEnagas*} hag seatg mserxxeé fez" one NREXNRE sgensereii aandééate Wm 55 2

24.

3. 54% {-§fee_ti0_hfa Wfighter) - RMLNLU :21: domiciied in Gujarat. This comma notes your unique rank in the category.

State Freedom Fighter: RMLNLU (tut-|{:;_<V§¢§fj:'.VF"uf.j.V..'-V has few seats reserved for the degaehgjentsg Freedem Fighter of Uttar Prade.s_h';-..VV. Cf_1Thiis T' coiumn netes your ts-;--x'i'qt-:-es hank' the category. _ State sc (Freedem__ Fitghtter) (Lucknow) has few seets rese'r~.(edefer "t:'3em3C candidates d,Q:jniciieci**-- the-Utter Pﬁfa'c}esh§ who aise beéong to 'cLateg<3u§'~,%ejV"t<3:f"dependents of % V This <:olum:2«.__AVj'notes g,<e'ur'~.'L1a?:'iqu_e_T' rank in the Freedohj FigI').t.e:?_ =,0fV._ L}tte'rV ' 'P%ad'esh. cat'e'§,Qr£ys--':V--'V V {Lucknow}.Vh'a«s_:°fe§«z«- seats reserved for the ST VV€:sa.I_fiVc35.dz3V'tesAA.f:f'er1;z'ticEIed in Uttar Pradesh who aiso"'§3eiVeng its the eategery of dependents ef ?%eedemVV"'"F'égt:ter ef Utter Preeesh. This "-v.,_ :;:éé*ut:_*r'ér} netes your uhigtze rank in Ehe V ' e';';;:---te}.§t: ry.

. S*:'ié§te QBC (tteeeem Fighter}: RM::,,?'~éLt,i V ituekeees} has few seats eeservee fer the SEC eeneéeetee eemécéieé in Latte? ﬁreeesis :s¥§":§ a%se beiehg t9 the eetegery at éeeehéents ef Fteedem Fighter 0? ﬁtter Pradesh. Thts RMLNUJ% Z7.

28. re.tEz9ed:'tit.._'k«i«§.i_ec$;{d-isabied in action. :22: coiumn notes your unique rank in the Category.

State Defence Persermei: RMLNLU has few seats reserved for the sons/ci,e_"ug_l".teiré i of defence personnei _,d.e.pioye5""'i'e'.';V.U't'te_if_ Pradesh or defence perseinne-left t}tter.'Pra'Ci'e:et.h it either retired or tekiiiecf/{§«.isé'E3ieCt _i.!?3[.T{-'3"Ci';ti(3fij...'.' V This coéumn netes unique' '§"A£f3::FEkv'V"'5vi"!i.V tE"'1'E category.

State SC V('-.[§efent:e;V--_i.Pe~-rsrﬁinei): RMLNLU (Lucknow) has 'ifewi"t"_éeiatsﬁhregefyed for SC domici-{ed-._én :Jttae'r;prai;t'e.§ih._§,i~.,:'he aiso beiong to tljej'-»x;4atie§:;f:)ry.,sor3$;':§aaeg§§ters of defence p}a.;soi.n';¢;:eI Uttar Pradesh er defe'%$,cVe_«VV :n[;;}é?S(:v'.:3>E"l'.'.'.1vH'E3§' rt;-f Uttar Pradesh either This ce.i_tJmn'.'nOtes,_--.7your" unique tank in the Categezjyﬂ State S"§;W A {Defence Persermeiﬁ: RMLN LU it"v.,_:V'{i{ije:§§_:'g§>w) has few seam eeseraxed far $3"

V':;':j;e%ii=eiied in Utter ﬁraéesh wee eiee beieng te 'tire categery 03° the seee;deeghte;"S of eeferiee Z ' \' :'§ersem"se§ J§'"'""~« eepieyee in Ueéter Predese er ﬁefeeee eereeeeei of Litter ﬁreeieeiz either eetired er iziiieejeieaeied in eetient "W263 :23: coiumn mates your unique rank in the category.

30. (Lucknow) has few seats reserveci ._fer: M candidates domiciied in_ L'ttar aiscs beiong to the7.__ sens/daughters of ::E'efe r':~r:e v,%3.e:£'S@'hné§i."' depioyed in Uttaei'ﬁradésh. V 'czzrﬂ personnel offuttar_P.ré£t3es'h._._eit2;iér--rgtiréd or kélied/disabEec1.._..'in_ aAﬁti<:gr2,g' goiumn notes your unique ra}j_k' § rV1

31. Ancgsfrcwaii-_ Sidhuwai, D:.i5vtji<vi§;t5l}§a.tia!'§--.RG.f\£L!L ('P'é§'fiaia) has some s§aats:._V{gs:§rQeEi" L_"feVf_:' Ar€:éstra£ Resident of V Siéf)u--'/§{aE;Vv__Di_striCt Patiafa. This coiumn h0tés--y0'L.i'f.;--~ank in the category. :.1<1,1Tirféé..,EViAAst'~.'Sh<§'awiﬁQ the ranking can the damiciie "'ba;séL::?.ré'SAer&zat&an §r"'2'£:'i"i:c:ates severai Law Universities have 1s:..:..é <;.§f': V§'a§é'er g?aVt§j-:3§§~~ and ranking is aisa given bageé an éeiéé--§.;iig_.E;;a$é»t§ regervatésn.

" AA Téée ieamed £{}§E§"§$€§ far ihe aetiiéangr reééeg wan §§é'3 d ecés§5n En the case 3? Arwsi? §v'§ADAAr\£ gag 3%"?-§E§;§ 5.38. STATE 0? HARYANA AND OTHERS reperteﬁ m AER ' ' _;

/2 State OBC (Defence Pers0rm@£):

caAteijQ§*'«,{ V -.c5f "'!fh..._e- A' :24: 1955 SC 955 wherein the Apex court observed that preference in admissiens in Medics! and Santa! Caileges an the basis of residence as weii as instétutionai prefevrhesace was permissébie, so Eong as there was no totai res:er:r;ai:%'p;i"

as such. As such practice was in conformity"w§.th:.A_eartieT'r'-«T decistons of the Apex Court, Their criterion ceuid not be cQ.n_sédere.C3"'ﬂ:s [ar1b.{t:ra'ry'3*. er' unreasonabie or vieiative of Arti'CiVe'1»4 of i:he_ C*es"€sti.'tv:,:téon. 16* The Eearned cau.pse§.'f5'r 'the p'eti'tienerV"aEép places reiiance on the decision in SIR SINGH CHAmu§..Vs;#xmﬁAsat%evsashwg CHANEHGARH AND ANOTHERremE&ﬁ}enﬂ%i9§7SC788mmemHHtwashmd that weighta'{i;e..svQf~ﬁ'Q0,?;§ rrtarks given to students ef ones .°eW:"*i'tiniéferstéty in {matter pf admission ta differeet ceurses is.§_tsV'cr5e.st§teer§~t ef afféiiateé caiieges was perméssébie wise-zie a_r§m_E;sf's§sn was sat basea apes eemmee eetrarace z§'ii_.'\;'*\i5$ item not zséaiaizive sf Artieées 1% ans :5 at the *_"esesa:esan,

17. The teamed counsei for the petitioner aiso piaces reiiarrce en the decision in the case ef DR. PRADEEP MEN ANS OTHERS 'vs. UNEON er INDIA AND OTHERS reppdftga in AIR 1984 SC 1420 to stress on the discrimination between residents in different.__d=i.sti*r.§ts_ er"

regions of a State. In the said C2859:g..4Vtlil€"'-§Iﬁt3{Eéi'ig~!E;»,.t#i3A'$,E admission to MBBS course bavsed on re_sidersce»'r'erqLiirert§;en't in a State as irratiorrai and irré'5ei/ant. "'~.T:hei:r Ltprdships after referring to P. R}:-'i'3'«enc7Vrarj+'.si"~t;a.se,% Periakarupparfs case, D.i\i. Char1chaia'sVV_"¢'ase "'aisto~T..'jether decisions observed-i--Vrtheti.Sre3:.§d.er:efje--..Srequtretnent Err a State for admission to tv1B:BSfr,eurseﬁiariréot be held as irrationai and irreievant.VV"'¥fb%e*y ftrrther {mined as under:

xgcx V)t3<;f&...__:C.€'f'2'€Fa§ Government is generaity A e;§'Ap:eseV€i««..tQ the prirtcipie at reservatien based it.;-'Vted"f~t.iVr)rri;<:ii'§~e er residence for adrnisséerr te S' ,__4"VVé:'asVt%;tt:iit--§.t";§r1 at higher edzscatiorrg whether éiiertfessienaé er etherwése, In View et *£?'¥€ S * tevrréteréaitg artrctsiatett nature at the system 9? Errstéttrttens er" §'t%§§2€?' Eearrzrrrg §r"'é£'j§i;ji§§i%'%§ irrstitrgtiens of Qrofessierrai edueatéerzg there is rec: objection, hewever, ta stierrtatirrg :26: reservation of preference for a quantum in undergraduate courses students hailing from the scheef systee**:'*----e§g.._'__;"Vi'at educetionaf hinterfand of the institutions':-._:: Ftjw. % this purpose, there should .b»e~.e4e ti4'isttréCti<3nV"

between schoots affiliated te'».1'State.:'B<5tatG.':a':€d"eF.. schoois affitiated to CBS,E.__ We are gtad to the S Government of indiev_.~---inA"*-_t"t;e' méatter fof reservation basedijni 'tres.jit£e%t<:evt.:re_quirement and irzstitutionai pfete§e5'§:VefV»._'with the View taken--t§y_~.us beVHa§i_f~..VVV_'WVje may point out that 'at.:_s___d're_e '.ste'geV'it is decided te teguietg course on the basis 't.j"::1;I.i--_§Vr;dVE%a--.er1tfanc_e examination, some pic-\ii'S§.ot1 we*uai':dV_ha_xfe..t'0- be made for aifecation of varﬁontgst' sefected candidates on 'gttéet.basis"'efVVtesidence or instiitutéonei efﬂiiatiee éeﬁastake fete aceeunt the efetemeetéoeeﬁ "*£aceee:_* t.'=»29V.'?'§jteVA'aI=eeestien ef eenstitutierzaé tzeiieéty ef te:;e.rt;e't§en ef eeets within teesersabie emits en '""%ee§:%tet§eeeE%gee Rim tteeteeeée ef residence ené eﬁee the eeestiee ef reeeegetiers et' eeete €§§a§'§';,i 'eeeeet te be eeeetedee by vaféeus eeeéséees ef this Ceurt, as has :*Egt:t§y been petnted out ey reasonabie f¢r?TV r,\M{\§ ""%:§2e reeieréeés an my teamed brother in his judgment in which he has referred at iength to these decision_s.VV_:'~,:?. These decisions are binding on this Court:w~'eec:i'V'.'._" "V5 are to be foliowed. Coestitutienai .c_3f:'.:

such reservations within the~re.asen;§bfe"'%i--éfr2it"

must, therefore, be uphefd.

30. The reai question is_ theé'qA;iestionsV.etf.the extent of (sic or) the-...;j.h:%t te whieh'r_: S reservations may ber.._._£:G:1,s:'a::f_ereti'"tats"be reasonable. The.._zq;:.eshtio;f_zV.tbf~-._ieeiso>}nabier1ess of such reservatj_ohs._V .~'«:1Vvéc>e$ss::ri§y be determihechwith is'refer'enc§§«.,',tte.V'the facts and of:;;:§e'rtEczz'ie:rvv cases and with refere:n--.a:;e'::..t:b_ the rzérevaifing at any grven tAt'iEn.e§AV ;\.r3§z«V.._'Vt_ea_r:jed brother in his juti.grherét-- Vti2e:;V 'v«eia.b:'o-ratefy and carefuiiy consitiered t_hAese=.._'~~"aspects. On a careful __§'c':C::1Asideraiiére;§bf at! the facts aee circumstances ttéeﬁmateyrieéés pieced. my {earned brether apbreeeiete ereers am has given bu'=tne.ees'§-eéfirueéreetiens in this regere. The ereees eev--$:se';i" by my Eeamee brether am the eeeétiéeiés given by em; er: a eeesiéeretéee er reeere eee tee eeeiéer eeeéséens of this eeurt wit: serve the geese ef justice, meee the requiremeets of tee: and w§%E :28: not effect: or undermine natiorzai unity. I am, therefore; in entire agreement with the same'f".. _t'-_:V.._ The petitioner contends that tectmécaiities defeat rendering a complete justicetos a_¢fitigeV§it}" t

18. According to the te_arned'---Ac'eua"":sel[,v--*fo£}v"tE'*:e"}.2"*'5 respondent Mr. Vivek Meéia, tt1ere'~is'A"":";e: Eaitfxztttetvhicta mandates domicile ba'e.ed tthvetref is no justification on the seek such reservation. teetiEm,x:tio'ewre...:eaVnnot be writ of mandamus in stitch"s'i't--:1atE'e';j2tto :

19,. Mr. Vﬁvoiie-».,fmfttie;f°t*oritends, as reservation is a matter of o'e.3_4it:y,, no persefthas a right to ciaim reservation whe.re_ tjorne ate"~vp.F._Q.X€i£iee eeiess the statute erescribea sa;§V<:§*é.Vrese:<ve.£;§'t;»r:t. For this erepesitierz he teéies upon the ee<V:'é§s.eeV"re'aar:e5' Ea {mos} 1 sec 394 - erg: eazeeezae so V, S"'4§ef;"Eﬁ.'VQeF4'.A§wHRA eeaaese M wherein it is aea that ""..:s»zeAaeegat%1oas is a aaeiqware etass is met a eeestttetieeaé

-- m'aeeAate, It is the ererogatéve of the state eeneemee if E:

se desires, with an eeject ef previééng eeeerteeéty of :29: advancement in the society to Certain backward ciasses which Encfucies the Scheduled Castes, to reserve Certaén seats in education institutions under Articie 15(4) and En pubfic servéces of the state under Arttcie 16(4). He reéied upon AER 1963 SC 649 -~ M. R. STATE or: MYSGRE to contend that it emphasise that Articie 15(4) iikle enabling provision; it does not_ impo--seVan obii'.ga}t'io'n,'.btJ't V' merew ieaves it to the dis'e're:tion of"~thet--.V-apottooriate government to take suif:e"t2!_e a_tVtio;'fé; if n 'ec.essary'.A H stﬁyaiso he:a4étjted"u§o.§§t.--(2oo3) 9 sec: 294 ~ UNION OF INDIA \g?;"~R_.T RA3ES=HWJ§\RAN wherein it is hefd that In

iii) tt. 'S'§:aAte of Pungéae, this Court heid that .2, __f?\?;i:§§ié§'- :V'{l{4'> VC_{}&hf€rS a d§sc:retéon ans does mot eenfet any cor',s_:{E§tt§tVi.oost--§.'testy ans ooéégation, Language of Atrtécie 913(4) E':::, §?';£eﬁt£{:aL Thtsis aeziiaréérég to him, the Qeiéstéitsiéon éoes not menésie ooméoéie eases :eses'"azat§o:'ts and there ts no statutory ersaetmerst, éneéooieg the Aet wizéch I 38 :

mandates the provision of such dorniciie based reservations. The reguiations of the 2" respoaiﬁent university which aiso assumes a statutory force~«~~doée.é__'_"njo,f' provide for reservations based on donjieiie. i._the'~i Candidate. Therefore, he subinititeifi' 3t'h__at7' prerogative of the 2"" respoifidentlyiihetheTr'..".i,toV"gﬁroiifioe reservations based on domiciieiveiidi the has based on the fact ievei" Liniversity estabfished under' the of indie and having regard ;'to':§;h:e faet tifioiiftheéiie'd"m,i..$§io'ns are based on an aii Indie Eiitrjente»"iieé:E..'Ciecideo"'to Eeave admissions open onaari eii'indiive~o%asi4é'i~fo'i" genera? merit category. He aiis-o c'ootfe__oosstheit the university can choose the ~"'~i.VSou._:"<fe W§"¥iC'§"iv...E§.€§«E'T1i$SiOf¥S are to be made. in this i:on'ii--e<;tiioni,ﬁe'reiies iieoo the oeizieion ii'? {:9'?i',i2 SCC 2&3 "ﬁe; 'iii';"iji:f;'i}:;§.i~ie:~ii&.ime v. §'i"e(§"E oe iveieoisie M iiifiiﬁfeéﬁ ii:

fie iieiiiiiiitijievt the gozzernineoi iriiiiieii eeere itiie fineneiei A C_'o;i%:i'en oi i"u%"3§'§§§"'i§ iiiie government eoiiegee ie eneizieé ii; ' ief; éﬁifiifi criterie i"oi* eomieeion in iie own eeiiegee end to :31: decide the sources from which admission wouid be made, provided such ciassificatiori is not arbitrary and has a ratioriai basis and a reasohabie connection with V. of the roles. on this point in reiies upon anot'her M reported in (}.989)2 sec: 145 - DEE'Ei5A'K. it UNIVERSITY - wherein it is rigid tii;-;:t__ are entitled to Jay down crite'ri.e'for adm.iss.i.ojivfi in iiiiis' own V coiieges and to decidethe soLi'rt;e$* fr'or_ri whi'c'i'i admission wooid be made, provided i-eiéassi{i:c'et_iovhis not arbitrary and has a rati_o;:g;| *_-basiis aridfa -.ree'so_ij3ab":e'VConnection with the object cifiithe.

The' i'eerned"A:_}i:oié3':1._sAei.. .-farther coeteeds that there canraoiibe a§€yV_i'hterferenCe in matters of eoiicy. Therefore; ' V"-,s<:0'g3e' for judieiai i'r'i'terfere:"ice in matters of ooiicy is very _§ié:_i3ei'iiA i"&§i€3S opoe the deeisiori reported in (2'e.o7;jvi,.s§C§:;'%3? -W eiige FE8i"E'v'Ai.,§ 1:2 eeeeesi eseietis "-».§e§i~i 4' iagéiereie it is tieid that the seeee of gtoeiciai sexriemi of _ge_:;'e":'ementei eoiiey is mesa; '%'§'§%E§-'§€f§§"'§€&t irmrts ee eot .__;e,i':d caeeet eat: as eeeeiiete ﬁiuttiorities exemiziieg tee .W&% correctness, suitability and aperoeriateness of a poiécy, nor are courts advisers to the executive en matter ofpeplicy which the executive is entitieti to fermuiate. judiciai review in examining a poiicy of to check whether it vieiates the f§JhAtier;:ev:i'--tet.; citizens or is opposed to ttae»_{3tevEe§'e_h:1S.§A>.t' or opposed to any statutd":*yT'"tprovEsi*-3:5"-{SE7 hhfrjzehhéfestiyh arbitrary. Courts cam":'b*t._«inte'r'feree.:'\§t*itfE:.the p'oV{iCy"Veither on the ground that it is erreheejue 50:5...gj't't_'jt.h"e_'_. ground that a better, fairet~§..o:~~t,[_Vy;ftiiseE:__a§teEhat.i.t}e'j_isVetffaihiabte. tegatity of the poiicyfanti"ajtjt:t.E1e"t§t{';-sitieﬁﬁ.e'f--:_soeh<:'iness of the poticy, is the Subjectef'j£1dEc»§.e'It"te'vEew.

_ 26. !?ti..s 'ne.xt'V--_cee;teh'tEoe is that a mandamus would Eie eat;/'~ the exefe--tee'ment of a statutory em; eee net eth'etw§$Ae..,"'t'ﬁe this tegere, he i'€Ei€S 0?'; the decieéeh .:*eee:"teti:.'§'Ve'I__{.ft*§?e«) 2 see e33 - eeeeewm: §§'=»§B§.,%§TRE,et S'€N€}'§C£¥?E LTB. an t§§\§'§§§\é ee teem M eeerete :1: %e bee :§éet:_.t%:e esetéeeeeeeieee t te tee: ee eeit er ezeer ée the 'eetere ef e §"§E§E'}$a%"°§'?ti§ weute éeeee whee there Ee ee feéiere ta perform matadatary duty, appiias in this country as wail. He further waited 0:': (2008) 2 SCC 280 ~ GRIENTAL BANK OF COMMERCE V. Sundar Law Jain to contend thatiti' that a writ cf mandamus may be issued; ther<3::i'm1t3Tt " iegai right with the party asking forttt'se--rAigh_4t 2 performance of same statut0t~\\'.,,1,4dz£'tA$;A"TCastﬁ authorities.

He further reties 3:3 (19.:v*4'};5f's';sC'i:530" ;~sARAswAT1 INDUSTRIAL SYNDICATE OF mam -

wherein it is t-hatigas jg;-enéra°_:.._ru'Ee;Att3e order wit: not be gragévtedy 'u'n.te'.sS« cgntsﬁﬂainad of has known what he was"'~tVequired "tA£:'».'tdG§j"'sc~" that he had the necessary means. of c5asédat'Eng"'-wtwhethar or not he shouéd comply, . V. "'-az'ac§~s~-it m'sz;ss't't'%;§e sh0 §§h"sby evidence that there was a distinct 4vtt2at;..whEch the party saekisg the manﬁamus ée€;.§;*es ta _é§:it>rce, and that demand was met by a refusaé, in tha' gﬁesent case; the petétiarsar has satsgtzt fer a wit 0% 'V.AAt'é'*g;3_§'t;£«'..'§3%"§'ti,E$ éétacténg the Z" §'"§$§Q?'§{Z§§:f"°§§ ta sravéﬁs __:j*§e:z"aEt§§a based rasarvatissés far stuaants tram Kamatakat :34: However, he contends that the petitioner has met been able to shew what is the iegai or statutory duty which enjoins the 2"'? respondent to provide domici1e"*»li;§'e.ser;i reservations. In such a circumstance he subroits entire writ petition wouid fat: as nowaiE_t of;'rh'e"ne'em£1s'_'<:ae_ it" be granted.

Accerding to the iearhed..V§ii3.ignseE"for ~respQh.e:'e*et m2 " ' apart from the 2"" respondVAe--etV:A"'~=_ '£m'iver§'i't-y,. other law schoois Eike the West Behoai i\2etf:i.o}ne'i"t}_i=:,E};ze:fsity of Juriciicai Sciences, Koike_t}3,.__the'VVi\iet3:one1=f}a.yv Vvﬁerhfersity, Jlodhpur, Ram i*.'_iahohe'i"f',_£,o'h:i::xe -t,iri«iiV\VJ_ersE_--ty, Lucknow and Chanel-(ya Law Uréi2:__e'i's+ity,~.._'P--etr:1§-._'A_}i'atée not reserved any seats spec§fie.a_iiy itiesveden iitiorriéciiet Therefore; S out of the 11 ""a:eiVers'E§:.:iesth'ahave he such reservation, then questiee Censtitetiee being epeiiee er; the ground tha*t._ ee__ee§e.i'~'eAeve te be teeetee eqeeiy eee eeeeueés have ..:'"teVtbe'=i:reeted eheeeeiiy weeie he': eriee, ee eii the '--i.e'he,sere§t%es eye het eeeeéiy eireemeteheeeg the eetétieeer V» ....::eehet insist fer eemieéie easeé reeeezetéens, He emeee :35: reiiance en the decision reported tn 2090(1) Kar.L.3.6.35 -- SMITHA AND OTHERS v. THE umrveesmtlfj~.t':if AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES wherein at paragregsh heid as foiiows:

"In the instant case,;"*thé§.: r'uie§"ﬁkteeiié provide fer any reset-:x'ati_Qn t:}r:_ti1eV institutéonai preference.'""i't»..:}iii°ideedV;' ~. tsvueisét a reservation is maple, ,t'h'e=ni_:pet'i'tEpners'"'we'uid have been entii:ie"u'ttc,r have passed the <:;u'r:.=:.i§.f:§,(i:ng'-.Aexé.ﬁjirjEs.t.i'<3h from respsnderif"u:rei§.:1ivéFsit:y'~'its'e!§§ ':."'*E.h.e.7 reservation sought' tp,Eb-e"?V'.._irit'rQ--d:u'cee"V_ on the contrary bVaSeid_"=.eht'i1:';eiy ":e.s,iQ_e»v:§1ce requirement requirement is not aclcsrrateiy speit out. Any such _reser\}at§on. Vrrjaus: therefore be offensive artiste ~ '{.14 i3f the €3et1s€I_:_itu i:ECm".i §{:'z;bt the Natienai Law Sctteoi of Irrééa Act, ee_ii;'ie'i._Erite exésteece in erder te eremete iegei 'r._'»eduea:z%Q:rs;. ER Eeeéa it; the Eight of the meneete at Bar "f"£fe;trrr:rE§ sf here, The fast is liar Kereetake éegiséetzsre, itieugtt titre teseendent -~« university eersiee cetttrietstiee :36: of funds by the Government of Kamataka, it canreet forget the fact that the entire iancl where the 2" resp0nd.e"e.t ---- University is situated is the land given respondent by the Government of §<arnatak'3¢.:: defiraiteiy a premier Law Schoo! beitne first Genera! Councii and the ExeC_EJtiveV4C_0tJ'ncii a;.)ta_r:t'A' Academic Councii are assigned"e.fVVi:'th difxfeteettttand Executive Councit beEnfg*..V_the of the University, iooks after tVh-e_ management and control of teArms--.e.f_V:'VfSect§0n»1O. it is em powered? to frerﬁe'*t..reg'e'j§-at'ien}; fer the ad mi ni stratio n a nd managementvovftttettL3Vtit§*°»(_e'i*s§'t3? and the same has to be placed betoret the Genere;1.'t'CounCEl for its apprevai. This wa:_~:'-Etgprieédj e~§"'t'he.t__§_c_:_;a.<se ef ASKY svzzseee .1/S. NATIONAL 'L}Xtr'.?.VS£:vH'€)§3L°Q_F INDEA UNIVERSITY tepetterj in {E08915} second K'a:t";'t3 a matter at fact the petttieneit is eet eeei{':e.gV"'<§e%e%e§Ee besee teeetvetéee en the grease ef ﬁtete ..j'jeG§etve'te:neeet having a gay Eta the aeménéettetéee end " tﬁgeteegemeet ef the 2"" tespeeeeet ~ tieéeetsétyt Tee reseendent W Einévetsﬁty is an aetenemotis :37: University governed by the Act and Regoiatéons frameti by the Executive Councii.

seif financing University except for a meeger..A4'f%~;nti:§v§'torti*-'--ti* the State Government. The studeo.tswto_4the"2%'§'"re$»pe'od_ent._

-- University are admitted based o;:*:4ét:i"i--%%_.§"A:ii Test and no domicile based"r.eS'ervatiohVs a_rev.Vpto__'vi*d.ea: so * ' far as the 2"" respondent ~VAii3.ri:;'y.grs.i_ty. hi "'-'.B:,:tA,.tthe fact remains the 2" respe'ria'ent'--ff.V:i.Jh'i't<'ete:it§{V does provide reservation tov$&C apart from Certain Therefore (me CE3¥'if'iOt_SE1?yT is against reservatien poiicy 'Law' Universities have Come together tVo»h%oivo Coo1efa'oVsi:_"..Entrance Test which is known as 'CoV_%*ri':fe}o__:*i paw éydm__i_$,$.ivee 'Test' (CLAT) ano the Committee 'cVoe1.Qri::_§:'é<3"«Ve'fv .__'V§::e«chanCeiiors ef seven Nationat Law S7'cE"§'eoie'ti.eje§e=ue;ith thie Common Law Aomieeioo Test, Ctei' .te"eitr§'ete iteeif to coeeect Common Entrance Test fer {W3§§,'ii"4..it§t:%2xe:'eétEee aoe aiieteetee the eteeeete te the iiieévereéties eased en their ranking eeo erefeteeee, Over the years, it has :38:

22. As aiready stated above, the ranking iist fer the year 2611 indicates that severe? Universities ..%'E'i<ef.._t"n.e Natéonaé Law Schooi of indie University,_.f:~Be4;§§.éj't'*efré,--T~ (NLSIU); NALSAR university of taa;v,..»Hyder;ab'ati'--:{M'LS?~R)':t_V ii"

The Nationai Law Institute umvet§ity,<j_"'t§'o;ja.i_ West Bengai Nationat UniVe;*si.Vty 0+7 ijtsridieeiAwwiﬁeéertces, = t' Koikata (WBNUES); i§£ationaV¥_...ﬂLew'it.._v§JnE.§éersity,_ﬁ§Jodhpur (NLU); Hidayatuiiah V"N.e'ti.erit.;iiV{_';:eWtj:.t§'t;.§yersity, Raipur (HNLU); Gujarat. Gandhinagar (GNLU); Eautietnai Law University, Nattonai University of Law; Piatiaia Nationai Law University, Patna (CNLQ) _ant€i't'ijé~ﬁﬁiiattionai University of Advanced Si'i2CiVi@S;h"§(£3£I_§_'};§.v (NUALS) have etevidee different 'ri$St?.EVa§i{}~E1S.._ﬁiftﬁitiéiﬂg the eemiciie basee reservatiee, ."E'%:;e%:;ighV.V'e5j5%"%A'ti=VVUeEeersEty is énﬁependerst ei' ether aee Q &t§E{'i%"§é{}i';£"§.QLit'--:=",, the aspiring stueente free: Keteateke wee V' '.j..tA;=e'é*:-t.' te jeée the eremiet tetts Seheet texreeée eefénéteéy feet ' ttjtey are eéstrémértetee when ne reeereatiee eeeee en the ""w.V V§emici§e is erevidee tn the Eight 6?' each pesitive :39: reservation provided in other Law Universities. When certain seats are provided to foreign nationais, stod.e}:t_s from Kamataka cannot be found faett with if petforth. When other reservations are mad.e,-.i.t':'cVaVrz%§:ot "

said that ho domiciie based reservetionsAxcooeipdhi4tje--.fhadetheE this Unéversity. Of course.=su_bjectV.of' reser'\}e.t.i:o:§ ta matter of poiicy. In the catehVe"».o'f deciteieheef Apex Court, time and again' 5_ﬁger'dérsi.oe_tA"have that no persen has a right to c1a,ih*f., none are provided. €>f"t;e=dez:ide€i by the 2""

respondent Iﬂt"was head that Artieie 15(4) like Arttcie provision, but it does not enferce ah'--.obiégeti_or.._Vtieeiring it to the discretion of the

-'v.__ep;:;;f£:'.p;°§__ete__ Ge't2er.n.rr;'eet to take suitabie action if £m.\ _ "

'nVeAees?ea_ary. :v"A:rt%.Cie 16(4) centers discretion and it doee not eeefeér e:€§<ﬁ'j_eteeet§tetioee% duty and obééoetéoe and the Eangea§7e_ tn Artiste 35:4: :5 ideetieei to Artteie teieg, V' 23., Set et' E1 oeivetsétieeg the deétzereétéee vie; EWLSAR tseivetséty ef Lew, tiydetebed {€=~.§At,Sﬁ§:}; :40: Hidayatuiiah National Law University, Raipur {HN_i__U); Gujarat Nations? Law University, Gandhinagar Rajiv Gandhi Nationai University of Law, Patiaia The Nationai Law Institute University, E-3hb'pa:§'_':.{Viii»L1'U);:.i it Gujarat Natienai Law University, Gandijiii..agai:=._'(Gi'%E'itﬁifitr-1Z)i';1is_:

Ram Manohar Lohiya Natioria'i"'-LawitUrii\i'eifsiﬁy,'~.ii._:Laiekriow (RMLNLU) and The i\iati_ena! Legai Studies, Kechi (NUAVL"€S".'ha§{e:.»':,i'.eﬂa';;ag:'gemiciie based reservations. Eac--hv_.uni$;'ers.i«ty: is of the other. The fact conducting CLAT" vtéave domiciie based reserva:t.i_Qri4'_ West Bengal Natioraai University:0f 3uritii~eai._Sci_'ences, Koikata, the Nationai law ~"'.i_VUﬁi.fV¢§FS§§§i',,__30ﬂ'h'p«Li.:a...«'Ram Maricihar Lehiya University, 'Li:VC'i<ir:ew4"aritiKlirzanakgza Law University, Patna, In these tit:ix%ersitiesti'j_tt€*ere is as such reservatias, "the very fact Tftttat :j.s%9r*i..iei§e reservatien is ceritempiatee in Z? universities {fe;:i:"'sf :1, uazisersitées wstiis irisieate it was ts eeeesrage ieeais gettieg iste the eeeeatier: sf iaw, ieis fact earieet: 'be ignored. The 2" resserident university earmet sew; the :41: same, as it is arr aotonerraous body contending that:_._such reservation cannot be previded when for severaF~..:'ort_heVr categories, reservation is provided. The 2""\.A"é<es;§€)ri:'ﬁeh"t'--tA* university has every right to agitate' that';'rie'forio,4_'_car1_V impose such reservation pointy in §2:iewf_A_'of'T'sei2'~eral.ndeeisi-oris--: referred to abeve, but the 1;aet~....rerne'i~ns such' rejservajtion * ' poficy is a welcome in order to__.oVrjomote ar§ri"'e:r3;:ouf§rage the students from KarnataVl€e;«'j.,If'~. is made, it cannot have aérregatéye"fc:r§;:e 'a§ci: can question such reserrmretiéohifast 3«"r"ifé'vv'reVs';f§'e'nderIt being an Eredeper}r:£en_t"*Vafa*§d:'1.:§_elt»..fjia'r.ejrA:C'etttV.1é.§:§vers§ty, has a right to prevEdie1..Asu'-ch " h' 24, £45 .,ref'e.$za'h_i:" tomentien some of the previsiens of tire V§'f~i_e€:%«:}r1aVi.' E§;'ex2xr___Sg.7§":or::E ef Errﬁia Act, 1986, "me objects 'r.::f't?:;e sr:'§2o*o§"ar_e rrrerrtierzee at seetéen 4 er the gag vrhéeh regaeies Va;rrrr§er':= R .9'; '(he Qejeets ef the Seheei em; (3.) or "ﬁre: Sejeets er the Scrreoé sgrreﬁ re re eeazerree " _.u5er're eéssemreeie ieierrrirze erre keowieoge er' raw anti Eegei erecesses and thew roie Err matierrei \'~:h% ' » development, ta develep in the student andy"-. research schoiar a sense of respensébifity A' serve society in the fieid of faw by deve!:§:§§'r';§.v:...a:_: -1- skiifs in regard to advocacy, fegaf 's_e'rv§Ces_:g~ Iegisfatéon, law reforms a~::'C§"--then organise iectures, seminars, :;ynn;;:>Gtsr_a"~ Conferences to aromoteuiegal i<rkr>v§;i:'fedge"'a'3n_¢j,:j;gV.V) make law and fegaf.,_,__émcesses__"*effE<:i.et2t instruments of s.QcEa| ti-e~ae'['GDxm.ent, ﬂ't'e'»hAt§:ld examinations anVd~.. "{Qo_nfer other academic: dist:nctioanst'a.ng."_}w:d<'i"'~a'!}":sit:-Ch things as are i:nc'?d;e1nta!;A_ nieeessatriyt'{_er,_.__§6nducive to the attaE'r'ramé:nf.;'._Vdf..;%_§t.!__:'arV a"n'},_'of_ the objects of the sereoaéiet.

(.2) be open to ail persd'n.s_ r:»f 'e_itt:er'«.sex irrespective of race, _;<jree€E, castteﬂer class ef an religious and it shaéf r1a5t"t'Abe't'Eawfufttitréthe scnaei ta émpese an any ";2e':*vs_r§tr§."'a.ny:..test whatsaever af reiégieas beiéef "--.:>rV'Var'i&effesIs§en Er: arder te eetétie him ta ae ""'---aér.r§§.tte'é therett: a3 a teacher er a stuaeat er j :5 saaza arty' offéee thereér: er ta graassate there er ta enjey at ta exercise arty arévééege ' trzereef,"

:43:

Section 5 refers to powers and functions ef the Scheel; section 8 deais with the Authorities of the SchoQV!.'r',::"'*f".he Genera! Councii she}! be the chief advisory t'ii__;§ Schooé as provided under sectirm 9. The Exe.r,VL_A§_:t§V\(e:~ACo:,:rut?!" f is the Chief Executive body of the refers to Autherities and effécers dfphthre Schr;'$hr;V¥..vfiinttirrijifng their compesétioh, ﬂowers, efd-njV§:niVétre'tion and management subject';::td.. Ofvvfhé Act as specified in thesrzhedirgie"it)rt'1_Vrr{V;;,y~~«.\ii§'§.',i'._'gdrevided by the reguiatiohs. refers to membershfg item ne.S of the scheduie 'refere'tV§.:»..}r)ey§ieer§"ef the Genera? Councii; item no.7 of the.Vhhs.ch4edti'§e"d:§$(:ioses the mernbershig of the Exee:;t;\§e- VC0rrncvii.,._€i_¥e¥i item no.9 refers is pewers and Vrer'i:tie~r';s*~e'f..jr'h~e_Executive Ceerzcéi, The centrexrerey Er: this rrsat%:i'er iyrjreéfervatéen heeee en eorrecife, whether te ee ererrirfefiziterthe stzrdeete or Karheteka. if °'=.._§terrr rreﬁ er the eeeeergie re reéeverrt re he rnerrtiehed whieh reaée as arnder:

:44:

"Powers of the Genera! Councils "E"he_.__ Genera! Councif shaﬁ have the foif0wi;iz.g '-. _"1. powers nameiy/:-- A (1) E0 review fmm time to tinié trf..é " "

broad poficies and..;:a4rog;*éfh"rnéV»df the same? and :=sugge$f"r; méasurés for the _ imp%'aAv e»mentj,~--"'I.xﬁrgéi " . devefopmeht~V.,§f'*%:he §t:ngee,_ =, (2) To cofssider a.nEfA"vpa;~;s_the.'resgiuwtiibn on théf 'ar-¥V'nui;!.L'."s<e;§6rf( financial estimates :fcV1uwL'<i tifV1e»r?'<?3D0;'ts on . $ya:_ch V _ _(--3:') 2 5*-.;chj véthiéffunctioras as 1 'i' j:iVt rfeéessary for the _ _- functioning and _ V a.'d~:.n"é'r'wE51-:ta~§'t§<>n of the schoof." Any peiicy '{u§e:CiVi$E('3fE h ess 't:o be by the Generai Council as . .""~me"r1--¥.:'E'9f2'e<i étemVEé6}A5g Item no.5 refers te breaé gcaéécies

-..a:é';-G'§'s"i%§«,?*%?'§E1;§§g%é$ Q? the 83:39:, wéxich a:Qz,:§<;§ be ravieweé by»-.4§fhe'_.-<:§éé%=:éra§ CQi§§'2C§§ {mm time ta time. Wéién ""'4.__V"*»r"eser*§§i:_i{§r§ is a matter Q? geiéssg 0%' me Enstéizgiim, Caﬁ €329 " éagsge a aasréi 3:? maﬁéamzég m $319 2" raggaaéant ~«» _'V_L§%:é:;er$é:y ta make demicéée ba§ei~3é zegervaiéeg": fer :45: admission to the Law Course has te be seen. __Et is prerogative of the 2"" respondent »-~ University, bnt'~.a:i;~i..tne same time, we cannot ignore the fact that Universities, which also particEpa_te.d__in t'iave_ provided such domicile based reserx:'ations;._'fhoudin-th'e.:

second respendent - UnEvé_rsi§3' has r'i.9h't,_ Aiii§'.3_""»-r:.h<:iose w L' sources from which the adnip§sis'i@:n_si.__are..totienriade, it cannot be said it is have domicile based reservation.' interference in the matters. we are conscious of the ere-viofivtzhe opinion that the 2""

respondent f- take into consideratipn the disadvantage%ifa.ced._i§y'._tnelstndents hailing frem Kainataka wheere'esniring»to____g_ein the Z" respondent -w University. itlnronidi 'E1,0§".:§3$__ nut er piece ':0 say that if such dorniciie p:ise--e' rese'r'.ieij:ip'ns are niedeg it weuid not nee ineietive ef .¢ enyei'..tfie nrtieies ei tne Qnnstitntieni it inereiere we nepe ene trust tne Z" reseendent wﬁniversitgz ieenid nieke endeavour to niece the matter :48: before the Genera? Cotmcii ta censider such domiciie based reservation in the 2"" respondent - University ad--«r_T"r§.és~i_e"n.,s as weii. The General Cotmcii which has _.A4seve§fé§f"ke9y--t ' persenss being the members wou!_dw~b_e able Vtde..:E»el.i32e_:*ate_V 2 and decide whether such domicile 'based'*:*VeservAat.Eer§¥5ttjogixitf. be provided in the 2"" respoz':pd_e"'ntV ~--~ UAr'3i\;e,:;3_iVt§,»-._V§<5:._}:v'ei.!.'"

With these 0beerm%etiQ«h.e,:_ we .e'i~s.;3ese Htbf" the writ petition, H ._ V' V __ .' V' Sﬁggfw S&;""% §§}'§§t*"':

£§e§:<««.,/' get: X

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Karnataka High Court

Sri B Srikumara vs The Secretary on 7 October, 2011

Bench: Manjula Chellur, S.N.Satyanarayana