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3.9.14 The DG's investigation has revealed that most of the cars across brands require specialized diagnostic tools, technical manual etc. for being serviced, repaired and maintained. The OEMs either source such specialized technical equipment from their overseas parent company or such tools are manufactured by SPX. The DG's investigation has shown that these diagnostic tools are not being sold directly into the aftermarket by the manufacturer of these tools on account of restrictions in agreement or arrangements between the OEMs and such equipment manufacturers. The investigation has also revealed that although in limited number of cases there may be alternate diagnostic tools available through other sources, however, in the absence of the required software to detect the fault codes (which are required by a repairer to effectively detect a particular fault in the highly sophisticated automobiles manufactured by the OEMs), the utility of such equipment would be limited. Therefore, given the circumstances, the DG finds each OEM to be the only viable source of supply of these specialized tools, technical manuals, fault codes, etc., for their particular brand of automobiles.