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Post Kesavananda Bharati so far as the determination of
the position of Directive Principles, vis-a-vis Fundamental Rights
are concerned, it has been an era of positivism and creativity.
Article 37 of the Constitution which while declaring the Directive
Principles to be unenforceable by any Court goes on to say
"that they are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of
the country." Several clauses of Article 37 themselves need to be
harmoniously construed assigning equal weightage to all of them.
The end part of Article 37 "It shall be the duty of the State to
apply these principles in making laws" is not a pariah but a
constitutional mandate. The series of decisions which we have
referred to hereinabove and the series of decisions which
formulate the 3-stages of development of the relationship
between Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights undoubtedly
hold that, while interpreting the interplay of rights and
restrictions, Part-III (Fundamental Rights) and Part-IV (Directive
Principles) have to be read together. The restriction which can
be placed on the rights listed in Article 19(1) are not subject only
to Articles 19(2) to 19(6); the provisions contained in the chapter
on Directive Principles of State Policy can also be pressed into
service and relied on for the purpose of adjudging the
reasonability of restrictions placed on the Fundamental Rights.