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In brief the prosecution case is that on 29.9.89 the Police Sub Inspector Gaonkar, P.W3 alongwith a police party was patrolling at Calangute Beach near Panjim and they came across the accused who was sitting on a wooden log. On suspicion they went near him and noticed a chillum (smoking pipe) in front of him lying on the log. He secured the presence of panch witnesses and searched the accused and recovered a polythene pouch from his pyjama pocket in which there were tobacco, one cigarette paper packet and two cylindrical pieces of 'Charas". The two pieces of Charas were weighed and found to be 7 gms. and 5 gms. respectively. They were seized under a panchnama and were separately sealed in two different envelopes. One of the pieces weighing less than 5 gms. was? sent for chemical analysis and the other piece weighing 7 gms. was not sent nor part of it by way of sample was sent for chemical analysis. Maria Caldeira, P.W.1, the Junior Scientific Officer in the Directorate of Health Services carried out the chemical analysis of the substance weighing 4.570 gms. consisting of three cylindrical pieces sticking together and she deposed that the substance which was examined by her was found to have contained Charas. P.W.2, a panch witness supported the prosecution case. The accused when examined under Section 313 Cr. P.C. denied being in possession of any Charas and said that he had only a pouch containing tobacco and that he was taken to Calangute Police Station and was falsely impli- cated.

The trial court relying on the evidence of P.Ws 1 to 3 convicted the accused. The submissions on behalf of the accused before the trial court as well as the High Court have been that the search conducted on the person of the accused was in contravention of Section 50 of the Act and that there have been contradictions between the evidence of P.Ws 2 and 3 and that at any rate even if the prosecution case is to be accepted, the accused can be, at the most, held to be in possession of less than 5 gins. of Charas which is a small quantity and, therefore, is entitled to the benefit of Section 27. Before us more or less the same submissions are made. So far as the contentions in respect of seizure and drafting of panchnama and weight are concerned, the question is whether the accused has been told that if he so desires he would be taken to a Magistrate before the search, as provided under Section 50. Whether this has been complied with or not mostly depends on the evidence and they are only questions of fact. Both the courts below have considered the entire evidence and have rejected these submissions. Though these are questions of fact, yet we have also considered the relevant evidence on these aspects and we agree with the findings of the courts below.

The next and most important submission of Shri Lalit Chari, the leaned senior counsel appearing for the appellant is that both the courts below have erred in holding that the accused was found in possession of 12 gins. of Charas. According to the learned counsel, only a small quantity i.e. less than 5 gms. has been sent for analysis and the evidence of P.W.1, the Junior Scientific Officer would at the most establish that only that much of quantity which was less than 5 gms. of Charas is alleged to have been found with the accused. The remaining part of the substance which has not been sent for analysis can not be held to be also Charas in the absence of any expert evidence and the same could be any other material like tobacco or other intoxicating type which are not covered by the Act. Therefore the submission of the learned counsel is that the quantity proved to have been in the possession of the accused would be small quantity as provided under Section 27 of the Act and the accused should have been given the benefit of that Section. Shri Wad, learned senior counsel appearing for the State submitted that the other piece of 7 gms. also was recovered from the possession of the accussed and there was no need to send the entire quantity for chemical analysis and the fact that one of the pieces which was sent for analysis has been found to contain Charas, the necessary inference would be that the other piece also contained Charas and that at any rate since the accused has totally denied, he can not get the benefit of Section 27 as he has not discharged the necessary burden as required under the said Section. Before examining the scope of this provision, we shall first consider whether the prosecution has established beyond all reasonable doubt that the accused had in his possession two pieces of Charas weighing 7 gms. and 5 gms. respectively. As already mentioned only one piece was sent for chemical analysis and P.W.1, the Junior Scientific Officer who examined the same found it to contain Charas but it was less than 5 gms. From this report alone it can not be presumed or inferred that the substance in the other piece weighing 7 gms. also contained Charas. It has to be borne in mind that the Act applies to certain narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and not to all other kinds of intoxicating substances. In any event in the absence of positive proof that both the pieces recovered from the accused contained Charas only, it is not safe to hold that 12 gms. of Charas was recovered from the accused. In view of the evidence of P.W.1 it must be held that the prosecution has proved posi- tively that Charas weighing about 4.570 gms. was recovered from the accused. The failure to send the other piece has given rise to this inference. We have to observe that to obviate this difficulty, the concerned authorities would do better if they send the entire quantity seized for chemical analysis so that there may not be any dispute of this nature regarding the quantity seized. If it is not practicable, in a given case, to send the entire quantity then sufficient quantity by way of samples from each of the packets or pieces recovered should be sent for chemical examination under a regular panchnama and as per the provisions of law.

"(a) The person has been found in possession of any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance in "small quantity';
(b) Such possession should be in contravention of any provision of the Act or any rule of order made or permit issued thereunder; and
(c) The said possession of any narcotic drug or psycho-
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tropic substance was intended for his personal consumption and not for sale or distribution." The first explanation to this Section lays down that the small quantity means such quantity as may be specified by the Central Government by a notification. By virtue of the notification issued on 14.11.85 for the purpose of this Act 5 gms. or less quantity of Charas shall be the small quantity. Explanation 2 further lays down that the burden of proof that the substance was intended for the personal consumption and not for sale or distribution, lies on such person from whose possession the same was recovered. As held above in the instant case the prosecution has proved that the quantity seized from the accused was less than 5 gms. Therefore, it is within the meaning of 'small quantity" for the purpose of Section 27.