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135. The 'Henderson Principle' is a foundational doctrine in common law that addresses the issue of multiplicity in litigation. It embodies the broader concept of procedural fairness, abuse of process and judicial efficiency by mandating that all claims and issues that could and ought to have been raised in a a previous litigation should not be relitigated in subsequent proceedings.

The extended form of res-judicata more popularly known as 'Constructive Res Judicata' contained in Section 11, Explanation VII of the CPC originates from this principle.

145. There are, four situations wherein second proceedings between the same parties doctrine res judicata as a corollary of the principle of abuse of process may be invoked: (i) cause of action estoppel, where the entirety of a decided cause of action is sought to be relitigated; (ii) issue estoppel or, "decided issue estoppel," where an issue is sought to be relitigated which has DECEMBER 9, 2025 Aarti Palkar