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(e) 'Panchayat area' means the territorial area of a Panchayat;
(f) 'population' means the population as ascertained at the last preceding census of which the relevant figures have been published;
(g) 'village' means a village specified by the Governor by public notification to be a village for the purposes of this Part and includes a group of villages so specified."

[31] Article 243G of the Constitution reads as under:

"243G. Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats- Subject to the provisions of this Constitution the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow the Panchayats with such powers and authority and may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and NEUTRAL CITATION C/SCA/17719/2021 CAV JUDGMENT DATED: 24/04/2024 undefined responsibilities upon Panchayats, at the appropriate level, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to--

[34] Article 243W of the Constitution reads as under:

"243W. Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.- Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of a State may, by law, endow--
(a) the Municipalities with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government and such law may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Municipalities, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, with respect to--

(A) Part IXA of the Constitution:

26. The Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Constitution 74th Amendment Act, 1992, briefly outlined the object and purpose for which Constitution Amendment was brought in. It is useful to refer to the Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Constitution Amendment which is to the following effect:

"STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS
1. In many States local bodies have become weak and ineffective on account of a variety of reasons, including the failure to hold regular elections, prolonged supersessions and inadequate devolution of powers and functions. As a result, Urban Local Bodies are not able to perform effectively as vibrant democratic units of self- government.