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30.The Act does not define fraud or corruption. Therefore, the content of these expressions must be understood from settled legal principles.

31.The Oxford Dictionary defines "fraud" as hereunder:

"n.1. Criminal deception; the use of the false misrepresentations to gain an unjust advantage. 2. A dishonest article or trick. 3. A person or thing not fulfilling what is claimed or expected of him, her, or it."

32.From the legal standpoint Black's Law Dictionary (9th Edn.) defines "fraud" as hereunder:

"Fraud, n. 1. A knowing misrepresentation of the truth or concealment of a material fact to induce another to act to his or her detriment. Fraud is usually a tort, but in some cases (es.p when the conduct is wilful) it may be a crime. Also termed intentional fraud."

33.In S.P. Chengalvaraya Naidu v. Jagannath1, fraud was defined as hereunder: