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In Kacheroo Mal's case it is observed:

"The phrase "or is otherwise unfit for human consumption" can be read conjunctively as well as disjunctively. If it is read conjunctively, that is, in association with what precedes it, sub-clause (f) with slight consequent rearrangement and parenthesis would read like this: "If the article is unfit for human consumption on account of (a) its consisting wholly or in part of any filthy, putrid, disgusting, rotten, decomposed or diseased animal or vegetable substance or being insect-infested, (b) or oh account of any other cause". In this view of the sub-clause, proof of unfitness of the article for human consumption' is a must for bringing the case within its purview. If the pharse is to be read disjunctively, the mere proof of the whole or any part of the article being "filthy, putrid, disgusting, rotten.... Or insect-infested" would be conclusive to bring the case within the mischief of this sub-clause, and it would not be necessary in such a case to prove further that the article was unfit for human consumption. We would prefer the first construction as it comports best with reason, commonsense, realities, the tenor of this provision and the main purpose and scheme of the Act. The adjectives "filthy", "putrid", "disgusting", "decomposed", "rotten".... ''insect-in- fested'' refer to the quality of the article and furnish the indicia for presuming the article to be unfit for human consumption. But the presumption may not be conclusive in all cases, irrespective of the character of the article, and the nature and extent of the vice afflicting it. This is particularly so, where an article is found to be 'insect-infested'."

(f) between 'filthy, putrid, rotten etc.' and 'otherwise unfit for human consumption' could have been intended to be used conjunctively. It would be more appropriate in the context to read it disjunctively. In Stroud's Judicial Dictionary, 3rd Edn., vol. 1, it is stated st p. 135:

"And" has generally a cumulative sense, requiring the fulfillment of all the conditions that it joins together, and herein it is the antithesis of OR. Sometimes, however, even in such a connection, it is, by force of a context, read as "or"."

While dealing with the topic 'OR is read as AND, and vice versa' Stroud says in vol. 3, at p. 2009:

"You will find it said in some cases that 'or' means 'and'; but 'or' never does mean 'and'."

Similarly, in Maxwell on Interpretation of Statutes, 11th Edn., p. 229- A 30, it has been accepted that 'to carry out the intention of the legislature, it is occasionally found necessary to read the conjunctions "or" and "and" one for the other'. The word 'or' is normally disjunctive and 'and' is normally conjunctive, but at times they are read as Vice versa. As Scrutton L.J. said in Green v. Premier Glynrhonwy Slate Co.('). 'you do sometimes read 'or' as 'and' in a statute. .. But you do not do it unless you are obliged, because 'or' does not generally mean 'and' and 'and' does not generally mean 'or'. As Lord Halsbury L.C. Observed in Marsey Docks & Harbour Board v. Henderson(') the reading of 'or' as 'and' is not to be resorted to "unless some other part of the same statute or the clear intention of it requires that to be done". The substitution of conjunctions, however, has been sometimes made without sufficient reasons, and it has been doubted whether some of cases of turning 'or' into 'and' and vice versa have not gone to the extreme limit of interpretation.