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The Rules and Regulations of the Institution make various provisions in regard to the mechanics of the functioning of the Institution. Rule 2 lays down that there shall be two categories of members, namely, subscribing members and committee members and their rights and privileges are enumerated in Rule 5. Rule 7 vests the. management of the affairs of the Institution in a general Council and its composition is laid down in Rule 8 and its functions, in Rule 11. Rule 15 provides for the constitution of the Executive Committee and it lays down that the Executive Committee shall have the powers to manage the day- to-day affairs of the Institution, including administration of ISI (Certification Marks)) Act, 1952 in conformity with policies laid down by the General Council. The Institution can have different branches as may be decided upon by the General Council under Rule 18. Rule 19 says that a division shall constitute the main section of the technical activities of the Institution and Rule 20 declares that the work of a division shall be controlled by a Division Council. What shall be the constitution of a Division Council is laid down in Rule 22 and that Rule provides that a Division Council shall be constituted from the representatives of the respective interests of users, manufacturers and other persons or bodies concerned in or associated with the industries included in the Division. Rule 26 deals with Sectional Committees and it says that the Sectional Committee shall be appointed by a Division Council or if necessary, by Executive Committee for the preparation of a particular standard or group of standards and the Sectional Committee shall be composed of representatives of such interests as, in the opinion of the Division Council or Executive Committee, are concerned with the standards referred to the Committee. It emphasises that on the Sectional Committee all interests shall be adequately represented including scientists and technicians, but consumer interest shall, as far as possible, predominate. G Now, at this stage it would be convenient to explain what are standards and why they are necessary to be established. Standards are technical documents describing constructional, operational and technological requirements of a material, a product or a process for a given purpose. They furnish such details as materials to be used dimensions and sizes to be adopted, performance to be expected, and quality to be achieved; they also give methods of tests for comparing and judging quality of goods produced by the manufacturer. Standards may be of any one or more of the following five categories: (a) 11-1276SCI/75 Dimensional Standards which secure interchangeability and eliminate unnecessary variety of types for the same or similar purposes; (b) Performance and quality Standards which ensure that the final article will be fit for the job it is designed to do; (c) Standard Methods of Tests which enable materials or products intended for the same purpose to be compared uniformly; (d) Standard Technical Terms and Symbols which provide a common, easily understood technical language for the industry, and (e) Standard Codes of Practice which set out the most efficient methods of installation, use and maintenance of equipment and recommend methods of technical operations. These are necessary ill order to meet the challenges posed by the fast developing industry economy of the country and mass production of economic goods and services. The manufacturer should be able to produce goods of specified quality so that he can win the confidence and good-will of the consumer and build up internal and external markets for high products. He should also be able to increase his productivity, produce goods at minimum cost and achieve overall economy by best utilisation of human and material resources at its disposal. Standards which are based on the consolidated results of science, technology and experience, furnish guidance to the manufacturer in this behalf and confer economic benefits for the development of industry and smooth flow of commerce.