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demonstrated that such premises have repeatedly become scenes of dog-bite incidents, causing injuries to students, patients, staff and members of the public, thereby underscoring the urgent need for targeted preventive and administrative measures.

I. Educational institutions (schools, colleges, universities, and coaching institutions with/without residential/hostel facilities)

18. Educational institutions, particularly schools and colleges with open campuses, have emerged as areas of recurring dog-bite incidents. Children, due to their small stature and uninformed interaction with animals, are extra vulnerable to the same. Several reported incidents have emerged over the years, where students have sustained grievous injuries within school/college premises or adjacent playgrounds as a result of dog bites. Such cases have, in several instances, necessitated surgical reconstruction and emergency prophylactic treatment for rabies. The frequency of such incidents reflects deficiencies in institutional responsibility and municipal oversight concerning the safety of educational environments. We are informed that the Campus of National Law School of India University, Bengaluru has a huge population of strays which threaten the safety of the students, staff and faculty members alike.

https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2025/09/08/stray-dog-bites- studnet-in-wayand-school.html.

3 Stray dog bites 6 students in Hisar Village school; LINK:

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/stray-dog-bites-6- students-in-hisar-village-school/articleshow/123953280.cms. 4 Karnataka records 2.86 lakh dog bites, 26 rabies deaths this year, report reveals; LINK: https://www.indiatoday.in/india/karnataka/story/karnataka-

dog-bites-deaths-2025-rabies-stray-dogs-supreme-court-order-delhi-ncr-data- 2770508-2025-08-13.

II. Hospitals and healthcare institutions

19. Ironically, the very institutions entrusted with the treatment of dog-bite victims, have themselves become susceptible to the menace. In hospitals and several tertiary-care centres, patients, attendants and staff have been attacked by packs of dogs residing within hospital compounds. The problem is exacerbated by improper waste disposal practices and the presence of open areas that attract animals. In addition, the continuous inflow of dog-bite victims has strained medical resources, particularly the availability of anti-rabies vaccines and immunoglobulins, which are often in short supply. Incidents:

https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Nov/29/rabies- confirmed-in-dog-that-bit-18-people-at-kannur-railway-station. 12 Stray dog bites commuters at Dombivli railway station; LINK:

https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/stray-dog-bites- commuters-at-dombivli-railway-station-23596600. 13 Over 30 people bitten by dogs at Alappuzha Railway Station in 6 months;

LINK: https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/over-30-people-bitten-by- dogs-at-alappuzha-railway-station-6-months-17c1a66c. 14 Rabid dog bites eight people at city railway station; LINK: