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Morphine is the principal alkaloid of opium, ranging in concentration from 4-21%, the usual range being 8-14%. Licitly produced raw opium, known as Indian Opium, contains not less than 9.5% morphine, calculated as anhydrous morphine.
Narcotine is the second most abundant alkaloid, usually present in 2-8%. It is non-narcotic and sometimes is present in crude morphine as an impurity.
Codeine is found in raw opium in concentrations ranging from 0.7-3 %. Its presence, as an impurity in crude morphine used for the preparation of heroin, results in the formation of acetylcodeine.