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"Marriage. niyoga and adoption were alike ordained from a religious point of view by ancient writers on Hindu Law for the production of a son competent to offer annual and funeral oblations with efficacys and Sutherland referred to the law of marriage as to what is and is not incestuous connection. Probably because it is the law now in force; whilst the commentators referred to the law of appointment and explained it by reference to the law of marriage because the object common to marriage and niyoga was alike to prevent incest. It does not seem to us that in substance there is any error whether the rule of prohibited connection which is taken as a guide is taken from the one or other provided special cases of deviation from the rule referable to other ancient practices are recognised as exceptions to the general rule when they are proved by usage. As to the argument that the expression "Viruddha Sambandha" or contrary relationship or prohibited connection is applied by writers on Hindu marriage to relationship other than sapinda or sagotra relationship - it is perfectly true: but it does not follow that sapinda and sagotra relationship does not render the connection equally incestuous. It would be monstrous to say and there is no authority for the statement. that a brother might be appointed to beget a child upon his sister for her husband; and marriage is prohibited among Brahmans in Southern India between a girl and a boy who are of the same gotra. because they stand to one another in the relation of brother and sister as being decended from the same paternal ancestor.