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21. Although the Panchayati Raj institutions existed since long, it was observed that the institutions had not been able to acquire the status and dignity of viable and responsive public bodies due to a number of reasons including absence of regular elections, prolonged supersession, insufficient representation of the weaker section, inadequate devolution of powers and lack of financial resources. In the objects and reasons appended to the 72nd Amendment Bill, 1991 which was enacted as the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992, it has been categorically mentioned that in the light of the experience which the legislature had in the preceding 40 years and in view of the shortcomings observed, there was an imperative need to enshrine certain basic and essential features of the Panchayati Raj institutions in the Constitution, not only to impart continuity to the institutions but also to strengthen them. Accordingly, it was proposed that a new part be added to the Constitution relating to panchayats. The provisions of Article 40 of the Constitution of India relating to Directive Principles of State Policy was sought to be implemented by promulgating the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992, and to ensure peoples participation in development and democratic de- centralization. Devolution of powers and responsibilities on the panchayats regarding preparation of plans for economic development, securing social justice and for implementation of developmental schemes were the main objectives of such amendment. Accordingly, the Constitution of India was amended by introducing Part- IX thereto. Article 243-G deals with powers and responsibilities of the panchayats which, includes the following:-