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4. The petitioners herein are aggrieved because the State of Maharashtra has denied the benefits and privileges available to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes specified in relation to that State to members of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes belonging to other States who have migrated from other States to the State of Maharashtra. These benefits and privileges are denied on the basis of certain circulars and letters issued by the Government of India and consequential instructions issued by the State of Maharashtra indicating that members belonging to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes specified in relation to any other State shall not be entitled to the benefits and privileges accorded by The State of Maharashtra unless the person concerned is shown to be a permanent resident of the State of Maharashtra on 10-8-1950 in the case of Scheduled Castes and 6-9-1950 in the case of Scheduled Tribes. These are the dates on which the President first promulgated the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950. The petitioners, therefore, contend that the denial of the benefits and the privileges by the State of Maharashtra is violative of the fundamental rights conferred on citizens by Articles 14, 15(1), 16(2) and 19 of the Constitution, besides being contrary to the letter and spirit of Articles 341 and 342 of the Constitution. The petitioners contend that a bare perusal of the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 as amended by the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976 would show the same castes and tribes specified in respect of more than one State. Those belonging to the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, wherever situate, are economically backward. Besides on account of social and economic backwardness they have to suffer a host of indignities and atrocities and are very often compelled to migrate from one State to another in search of livelihood or to escape the wrath of their oppressors. Earlier they did not experience any difficulty in obtaining caste/tribe certificates to secure benefits available to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the State of Maharashtra. The situation, however, changed drastically after the Government of India issued a communication addressed to Chief Secretaries to all State Governments/Union Territories on 22-3-1977.