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15. In Wharton's Law Lexicon (14th edition) it is stated at page 893:--

"Royalty , payment to a patentee by agreement on every article made according to his patent; or to an author by a publisher on every copy of his book sold; or to the owner of minerals for the right of working the same on every ton or other weight raised."

16. Stroud's Judicial Dictionary of Words and Phrases (3rd Edition) while dealing with royalties at page 2631, after referring to the Privy Council decision in Dyke v. Walford, (1848) 5 Moo PC 434 (PC) (supra) , states:---

19. After noticing the meaning given to this word in Whrton's Law Lexicon and Mozley and Whiteley"s Law Dictionary, Prejm goes on to say:--

"It therefore, appears that royalties are payments which the Government may demand for the appropriation of minerals, timber or other property belonging to the Government . Two important features of royalty have to be noticed , they are, that the payment made for the privilege of removing the articles is in proportion to the quantity removed, and basis of the payment is an agreement. Sjrajdin v. State, AIR 1960 Madh Pra 129. If land is occupied by a person with a right to quarry on payment of royalty such payment being related to the beneficial occupation of th land within the meaning of the term rent, land cess is payable under clause (iii) of Section 74-B. H. R. Rama Rao v. The Collector Chittoor, AIR 1957 Andh Pra 1042, AIR 1948 Mad 197, AIR 1941 Mad 414."
"It is, therefore, indisputable that it would be open to the State as being the owner of the minerals to charge a royalty whether directly by itself or through a contractor. It further seems to us that a royalty may be charged as so much per weight or on the value of the produce."

26. It was held that Rajasthan State could charge royalty at the rates fixed by it. In AIR 1960 Madh Pra 129, after referring to the Wharton's Law Lexicon, which was relied upon in the two Rajasthan cases referred to above, it was observed:-