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13. We have given our thoughtful consideration to the submissions made by the learned counsel for the parties at the Bar.

14. Article 38, Article 39(e), Article 41 and Article 47 in Part-IV of the Constitution of India as well as the fundamental right guaranteed vide Article 21 of the Constitution of India deal with potent and substantive contents of the right to life which in its broad sweep also includes right to good health. The Supreme Court of India in catena of judgments has given dynamic interpretation to Article 21 of the Constitution of India thereby expanding the meaning of right to life to also include the right to health. Thus, the right to health forms an integral component of right to life enshrined under Article 21 of the Constitution of India. The right to health can be secured to the citizens only if the State provides adequate measures for their treatment, healthcare and takes their care by protecting them from calamities like Coronavirus. A reference in support of this proposition can be made to the judgments of Supreme Court in Pt. Parmanand Katara vs. Union of India (1989) 4 SCC 286; Consumer Education and Research Centre vs. Union of India (1995) 3 SCC 42; Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity vs. State of West Bengal (1996) 4 SCC 37; M.C. Mittal vs. Union of India (1999) 6 SCC 9 and Murli S. Devda vs. Union of India (2000) 8 SCC 765. The Supreme Court WP No.8914/2020 & Linked Matters in all these cases has held that preservation of one's life is the necessary concomitant of the right to life enshrined under Article 21, fundamental in nature, secured, precious and inviolable.

19. The Supreme Court in Devika Vishwas vs. Union of India, (2016) 10 SCC 726 while reiterating the settled law held that "right to WP No.8914/2020 & Linked Matters health" is a facet of the "right to life" guaranteed vide Article 21 of the Constitution. The Court in paras 107, 108 and 109 held as under:-

"107. It is well established that the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution includes the right to lead a dignified and meaningful life and the right to health is an integral facet of this right. In CESC Ltd. V. Subhash Chandra Bose, (1992) 1 SCC 441 dealing with the right to health of workers, it was noted that the right to health must be considered an aspect of social justice informed by not only Article 21 of the Constitution, but also the Directive Principles of State Policy and international covenants to which India is a party. Similarly, the bare minimum obligations of the State to ensure the preservation of the right to life and health were enunciated in Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity v. State of W.B.
"65. The State has to ensure the basic necessities like food, nutrition, medical assistance, hygiene etc. and contribute to the improvement of health. Right to life includes right to health as observed In State of Punjab v. Mohinder Singh Chawla (1997) 2 SCC 83. Right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution also includes right of patients to be treated with dignity as observed by this Court in Balram Prasad v. Kunal Saha (2014) 1 SCC 384. Right to health i.e.right to live in a clean, hygienic and safe environment is a right under Article 21 of the Constitution as observed in Occupational Health and Safety Association v. Union of India (2014) 3 SCC 547=AIR 2014 SC 1469. The concept of emergency medical aid has been discussed WP No.8914/2020 & Linked Matters by this Court in Pt. Parmanand Katara v. Union of India (1989) 4 SCC 286. In Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity and others v. State of W.B. (1996) 4 SCC 37, right to medical treatment has been extended to prisoners also."
26. Right to health is integral to the right to life. Government has a constitutional obligation to provide health facilities 21. The fundamental right to life which is the most precious human right and which forms the ark of all other rights must therefore be interpreted in a broad and expansive spirit so as to invest it with significance and vitality which may endure for years to come and enhance the dignity of the individual and the worth of the human person. The right to life enshrined in Article 21 cannot be restricted to mere animal existence. It means something much more than just physical survival. The right to life includes the right to live with human dignity and all that goes along with it, namely, the bare necessaries of life such as adequate nutrition, clothing and shelter, and facilities for reading, writing and expressing oneself in diverse forms, freely moving about and mixing and commingling with fellow human beings. Every act which offends against or impairs human dignity would constitute deprivation pro tanto of this right to live and the restriction would have to be in accordance with reasonable, fair and just procedure established by law which stands the test of other fundamental rights."