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17. "Eight-Hour Day and the 48-Hour Weekly" has been accepted as a standard regulation in the Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, 1919 of the International Labour Organisation Convention. The above Convention applies to persons employed in public or private industrial undertakings. It provides that the working hours shall not exceed eight in the day and 48 in the week. The Convention authorises various exceptions also. It excludes persons holding positions of management, and persons employed in a confidential capacity. It further says that when the hours of work on one or more days of the week are less than eight, the limit may be exceeded on the remaining days, but not by more than an hour. It is also permissible to exceed the eight-hour limit in the case of shift work, but the average number of hours over a period of three weeks should not exceed the general standard of the Convention. Exceptions are also permitted in cases of accident, actual or threatened, of urgent work to be done to machinery or plant, or of force majeure, but only so far as may be necessary to avert serious interference with the ordinary working of the undertaking. In exceptional cases where the standard of the eight-hour day and 48-hour week cannot be applied, the daily limit of work can be calculated over a longer period, with the agreement of the occupational organisations concerned. It is pertinent to note that the Convention also provides that employees should notify workers of the hours of work and rest intervals and should keep a record of additional hours worked. It specifies that it should be made an offence against the law to employ a person outside the hours provided in the Convention. The Hours of Work (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1930 also has made more or less similar provisions. This Convention also authorises, in exceptional cases, the distribution of hours of work over a period longer than the week, provided that the average hours of work do not exceed 48 hours in the week and that hours of work in any day do not exceed ten hours. The International Labour Organisation has held Special Conventions and has taken resolutions with respect to particular industries. The recommendation made by the International Labour Organisation Convention 1962 shows that workers all over the world have been consistently clamouring for reduction of the working hours. 19th Century has witnessed many a battle fought by the working class against bonded labour, drudgery and restless labour. In the streets of Chicago workers sacrificed their life demanding 8 hours work, 8 hours rest and 8 hours entertainment. "May day" became a memorable day for the workers all over the world, following this historical struggle.