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1.3 The trustees of two Trusts namely Sir Ratan Tata Trust and Sir Dorabji Tata Trust have come up with two independent appeals in Civil Appeal Nos.444­445 of 2020, challenging the impugned order of the Appellate Tribunal. A few companies of the Tata Group, which were referred to in the course of arguments, as the operating companies or downstream companies, such as the Tata Consultancy Services Limited, the Tata Teleservices Limited and Tata Industries Limited have come up with separate appeals in Civil Appeal Nos.440­441 of 2020, 442­443 of 2020 and 448­449 of 2020. The grievance of RNT as well as the Trustees of the two Trusts, is as regards the injunctive order of the Appellate Tribunal restraining them from taking any decision. The grievance of the three operating companies which have filed 6 Civil Appeals is that CPM has been directed to be reinstated as Director of these companies by the impugned Order, for the rest of the tenure. 1.4 The original complainants before the National Company Law Tribunal (“NCLT”for short), who initiated the proceedings under Sections 241 and 242 of the Companies Act, 2013 namely (i) Cyrus Investments Private Limited (ii) Sterling Investment Corporation Private Limited, have come up with a cross appeal in Civil Appeal No.1802 of 2020. Their grievance is that in addition to the reliefs already granted, the NCLAT ought to have also granted a direction to provide them proportionate representation on the Board of Directors of Tata Sons Limited and in all Committees formed by the Board of Directors. They have one more grievance namely that the Appellate Tribunal ought to have deleted the requirement of an affirmative Vote in the hands of select Directors under Article 121 or at least ought to have restricted the affirmative vote to matters covered by Article 121A.

(iv) The decision of the Registrar of Companies changing the Company (‘Tata Sons Limited’) from ‘Public Company’ to ‘Private Company’ is declared illegal and set aside. The Company (‘Tata Sons Limited’) shall be recorded as ‘Public Company’. The ‘Registrar of Companies’ will make correction in its record showing the Company (‘Tata Sons Limited’) as ‘Public Company’.” 2.16 After NCLAT disposed of the appeals by its order dated 18­12­2019, the Registrar of Companies moved 2 interlocutory applications seeking the deletion of certain remarks made by NCLAT against them. These applications were dismissed by NCLAT by order dated 06­01­2020. Therefore, as against the final Order of NCLAT dated 18­12­2019, (i) Tata Sons Private Limited (ii) RNT (iii) the Trustees of the two Tata Trusts and (iv) three operating companies of Tata Group have come up with 2 Civil Appeals each (totalling to 12 appeals) and the complainant companies have come up with one Civil Appeal. In addition, Tata Sons have also come up with 2 more appeals against the order dated 06­01­2020 passed by NCLAT on the applications of the Registrar of Companies.

3.3 On the foundation of the above, the complainant­ companies contended before NCLT:­ (i) that the directors of Tata Sons are not carrying out their fiduciary responsibilities for and on behalf of the shareholders, but have become mere puppets controlled by RNT and the Trustees of the two Trusts; (ii) that the powers contained in the Articles of Association are being exercised in a malafide manner prejudicial to the interest of the petitioners and to public interest; (iii) that various operating decisions are taken either for emotional reasons or for pampering the ego of RNT;