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13. The exercises and answers thereto, which have been copied are to teach grammatical use of words, tense etc. Sentences, sometimes with blanks have been framed for the said purposes. The same, in my opinion also do not constitute original literary, dramatic or artistic works. No originality or invention is displayed in composing the said exercises based on day to day use of simple English language and meant for learning thereof. The plaintiffs' cannot claim any monopoly in the same. The Apex court in Eastern Book Company (supra) (though confining to the decision to judgment of courts only) has held that collection of material and addition of inputs in the raw text does not give work a flavor of minimal requirement of creativity, as skill and judgment required to produce the work are trivial. To establish copyright, the creativity standard applied is not that something must be novel or non obvious, but some amount of creativity in the work to claim copyright is required. In that case selection and arrangement was viewed as typical and at best result of labour, skill and investment of capital, lacking even minimal creativity, which did not as a whole display sufficient originality so as to amount to an original work of the author. It was further held, to claim copyright there must be some substantive variation and not just a trivial variation, not the cs(os)1274/2004 page no.10 of 12 variation of the type where limited ways of expression available and author selects one of them. The court held the inputs by publishers of Supreme Court cases in copy edited judgments to be minimal. The Apex court in that case also applied the principle/test of public domain and reiterated that once the work is in public domain, its reproduction or publication would not constitute infringement of copyright.