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7. The learned Additional Sessions Judge, by impugned judgment went in great detail into the types of hernia, history of inguinal hernias, direct inguinal hernia, strangulated inguinal hernia and treatment thereof. She extensively quoted from standard medical literature titled as "Bailey and Love, Short Practice of Surgery, 24th Edition, Chapter 73 dealing with hernias". she also quoted from another publication i.e. "Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicololy, Volume 43, No.2, July-december 2006 containing an Article titled as "Sudden Death Due To Strangulated Inguinal Hernia: a Forensic Autopsy Case Report by C. Behera". In fact C.Behera is the same doctor "Chittranjan Behera" who had conducted the autopsy on the dead body of Ram Swaroop in this case. We would like to extract a portion of the impugned judgment hereunder for ready reference:

Natural history of hernias.
- Irreducible hernias- there is a risk of strangulation at any time.
- Obstructed hernias- usually goes on to strangulation
- Strangulated hernias - gangrene can occur within 6 hours.
Strangulated hernia A hernia becomes strangulated when the blood supply of its contents is seriously impaired, rendering the contents ischaemic. Gangrene may occur as early as 5-6 hours after the onset of the first symptoms. Although inguinal hernia may be 10 times more common than femoral hernia, a femoral hernia is more likely to strangulate because of the narrowness of the neck and its rigid surrounds.
XXX XXX XXX On page 1278 of this book it has further been observed about the percentage as follows:-
"Direct inguinal hernia In adult males, 35% of inguinal hernias are direct. At presentation , 12% of patients will have a contralateral hernia in addition, and there is a fourfold increased risk of future development of contralateral hernia if one is not present at the original presentation......"

On page 1279 strangulated inguinal hernia has been further dealt with as under:-

Strangulation of an inguinal hernia occurs at any time during life and in both sexes. Indirect inguinal hernias strangulate more commonly, the direct variety not so often owing to the wide neck of the sac. Sometimes a hernia strangulates on the first occasion that it descends; more often, strangulation occurs in patients who have worn a truss for a long time and in those with a partially reducible or an irreducible hernia.