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16. In the material available on website on internet http:/science.ntu.ac.uk/ msor/ccb/scaling.html marking and scaling of course work and tests in different examinations have been provided.

17. In view of the aforesaid material, and other material available for scaling on internet, it appears that the scaling is a technique adopted for assessment of merit of student who has passed examination from different colleges or Boards for entry to degree course in the University. There may be a different syllabus in A school or A Board while comparing with A School or A Board, the standard of assessment by the examiner may also vary. With a view to extract comparative merit of two candidates in different subjects the scaling is considered to be a modern technique. However, as observed earlier, in the material referred to hereinabove, it appears that the merit order remains same within the subject and by scaling the majority sufferers are the middle merit group candidates neither topers nor those who are in the lower grade. In developed countries normally there is no marking system and the system prevalent is on the basis of gradation. The scaling is considered to be well established method for the purpose of entry to a common stream or various better streams having their different origins in education. The ultimate purpose appears to be to assess the comparative merit or performance of candidates in different subjects or in same subject having different origins or different examiners. Even in the judgment of the Division Bench of Rajasthan High Court as well as of this Court in the matter of Kamlesh Haribhai Goradia v. Union of India, reported in 1987 (1) GLR 157 reference is made to the method of scaling for the purpose of assessing comparative merit. Therefore, I am of the view scaling of raw marks is one of the modern methods accepted amongst academicians for assessing the comparative merit of student from different college or University, as the case may be.

18. The aforesaid takes me to examine the reasons behind scaling and the method adopted for scaling by the G.P.S.C. I find from various material which are available on internet there are large number of scaling techniques which may be applied by the Body which is using the scaling method for assessing the comparative merit of candidates. In the website on internet http:/ science.ntu.ac.uk/msor/ccb/scaling.html under the head "Scaling, advice and guidelines for students (September, 2002)" material is provided to the students regarding scaling method adopted by all Universities. One of the methods provided is as under :