statute, had altered the civil law relating to the absolute privilege of parties to litigation. On the other hand, it was argued that ... civil common law as to the privilege of certain classes in litigation a privilege which existed, in India as in England, long before the Penal
necessary to notice the object of a Public Interest Litigation. The term Public Interest Litigation has been defined in the Black's Law Dictionary ... legal rights, benefits and privileges upon poor, downtrodden and vulnerable sections of the society.
20. The Public Interest Litigation is an important jurisdiction which
Ajai Kumar Singh {P.I.L.} vs State Of U.P.Thru Secreatry Housing &
operations but for pendency of "litigation" to determine validity of intrastate operations to extend such "litigation" is resolved in favor ... Corpus Christi 1994. To determine applicability of privilege for expert reports obtained in anticipation of litigation "litigation" is strictly interpreted to mean institution
such documents though contained in the case diary cannot be treated as privileged documents which cannot be permitted to be brought on the record ... privilege can be claimed thereof. Further, the disclosure of the contents of such reports cannot help any of the parties to the litigation
communication made by a client to his lawyer ceases to be a privileged communication and the lawyer can disclose it, for on the principles ... frequently been held that the rule as to privileged communications of attorneys does not apply when litigation arises between attorney and client and when their
operations but for pendency of "litigation" to determine validity of intrastate operations to extend such "litigation" is resolved in favor ... Corpus Christi 1994. To determine applicability of privilege for expert reports obtained in anticipation of litigation "litigation" is strictly interpreted to mean institution
State or national Government."
Advanced Law Lexicon defines 'Public Interest Litigation' as under:
"...the expression 'PIL' means a legal ... basic human rights, benefits and privileges upon the poor, downtrodden and vulnerable sections of the society.
9. Public Interest Litigation means a litigation to espouse
such officer to prevent offences, etc. If therefore, there is a privilege of this nature in India, it must apparently be for all public officers ... held that all documents are privileged which are necessary to the preparation or conduct of litigation provided the proceeding is or is pending before
laid down by the Constitutional Courts does not permit initiation of adversarial litigation in service matters at the instance of a stranger or a busybody ... dutiful citizens and not exploit their privileges of being a lawyer by initiating such malafides litigation.
19. It has been pointed out that earlier
