Article 31. This protracted litigation hindered the implementation of crucial measures impacting a significant population. Consequently, a new provision, Article 31A, was introduced to safeguard
Article 31A in Constitution of India
31A. Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
[After Article 31 of the Constitution, the following article ... revenue. [ Editorial Comment - The Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955, The entire Article 31A was realized to be unassailable based on stare decisis, a quietus that
Article 323B in Constitution of India
323B. Tribunals for other matters
(1) The appropriate Legislature may, by law, provide for the adjudication or trial ... acquisition by the State of any estate as defined in article 31A or of any rights therein or the extinguishments or modification of any such
avowed
purpose of Article 31C as indicated by the very heading
"Saving of certain laws" under which Articles 31A ... same cannot be said of Article
31C. Besides there is a significant qualitative difference
between the two Articles. Article 31A , the validity of which
amend any order made by the President under clause (3) of article 371D; (g) contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions (including provisions ... acquisition by the State of any estate as defined in article 31A or of any rights therein or the extinguishment or modification of any such
article 22. 4. Amendment of article 30. 5. Omission of sub-heading after article 30. 6. Omission of article 31. 7. Amendment of article 31A ... omitted. 6. Omission of article 31.- Article 31 of the Constitution shall be omitted. 7. Amendment of article 31A.-In article 31A of the Constitution
Article 31B in Constitution of India
31B. Validation of certain Acts and Regulations
[After Article 31-A of the Constitution, the following article ... Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions contained in article 31A, none of the Acts and Regulations specified in the Ninth Schedule
agrarian reforms and hence not
protected by the provisions of Article 31A and hence
not saved from challenges on the ground of violation
of Articles ... ground of
51
violation of Article 14 or 19 since the same is
protected under Article 31A and the assent of the
President was obtained
conferred by article 14 or
article 19.
Article 31B provides that:
Without prejudice to the generality of the
provisions contained in article 31A , none ... three specific articles, namely, Articles
14 , 19 and 31. The 4th Amendment introduced clauses (a) to
(e) in Article 31A , the content of clause
control of the property, as
required under Article 39(b) , but would squarely fall under
Article 31A (1)(b) and, therefore, Article 31(c) will ... immune
from attack being violative of Article 14 or 19 within the
ambit of Article 31A(1)(b) of the Constitution. According
to the learned
