Unknown vs The Institute Of Chartered Accountants ...
In our opinion, Woodroffe, J., was wrong in
insisting that such charges must be proved clearly and
beyond reasonable doubt
In view of the law laid down by the Constitution Bench of the
Apex Court, in Gulabchand v. Kudilal (referred supra), and the
Judgment of the Privy Council in A, a pleader v. The Judges of
the High Court of Madras (referred supra), it must be held that
the standard of proof required to establish a charge, in a
disciplinary proceedings, is on a preponderance of probabilities, and
cannot be equated with the standard of proof in a criminal
prosecution, wherein a charge is required to be proved beyond
reasonable doubt. Accordingly, this point is decided.
POINT No.6: