56. These principles have been laid down in JAMES MARTIN v. STATE OF
KERALA (2004 S.C.C.(Cri) 437) and KASHIRAM v. STATE OF M.P. (200 2
S.C.C.(Cri) 68).
7. For the High Court having affirmed his conviction and sentence for the
offence under Section 302 IPC, the appellant (accused No. 1) has preferred this
appeal. Assailing the judgment and order so passed by the High Court, learned
counsel for the appellant has strenuously argued that the present one is a clear
case of exercise in good faith the right of private defence since the appellant was
only trying to protect his wife from being assaulted and molested by the deceased
who had illegally entered into their house and, in natural circumstances, the
appellant attacked the deceased with the object that was accessible to him. The
learned counsel would submit that even if the accused does not plead self-
defence, it is open to consider such a plea if the same arises from the material on
record; and the burden could be discharged by the accused by showing
preponderance of probabilities in favour of that plea on the basis of material
available on record. The learned counsel has referred to several decisions,
including those in Munshi Ram & Ors. v. Delhi Administration: (1968) 2 SCR
7
455; James Martin v. State of Kerala: (2004) 2 SCC 203; Darshan Singh v.
State of Punjab and Anr.: (2010) 2 SCC 333; and Sukumaran v. State: 2019
SCC Online SC 339. According to the learned counsel, on the facts and in the
circumstances available on record, the case of right of private defence deserves
to be accepted. The learned counsel has also argued that in any event, the
present one had been a case of sudden fight and grave and sudden provocation
for the reason that the deceased entered the house of the appellant and
attempted to cause harm to the family of the appellant. Therefore, according to the
learned counsel, the action of the appellant does not lead to the offence of murder
and it would, at the most, be a case of culpable homicide where the appellant had
no intention of causing death or causing such bodily injury as is likely to cause
death.
In support of his
submission, he has relied on a decision of the
Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of James Martin
Vs. State of Kerala reported in 2004 SCC
(Crl) 487.
(63) Sri R.C. Singh, holding brief of Sri Arun Sinha, learned Counsel for the appellant no.2 in Criminal Appeal No. 547 of 1982 has also reiterated the submissions advanced by Sri Jyotinjay Mishra and has argued that statements of the accused/appellants recorded by the trial Court under Section 313 Cr.P.C. are missing from the record of the case, however, in paragraph-14 of the impugned judgment, the defense version taken by the different accused/appellants has been mentioned. Accused/ appellant Sharda Bux singh (of Criminal Appeal No. 547 of 1982) was said to be armed with a lathi at the time of the alleged incident. He argued that the conviction of the accused/appellants with the help of Section 149 I.P.C. is not sustainable inasmuch as it is well settled law that Section 149 I.P.C. cannot be invoked when it is a case of self defense. He also argued that it is also well settled law that more injuries on the side of the prosecution is not a proof of aggression by defence, the prosecution may have bargained for the injuries. To strengthen his submission, he has placed reliance upon the judgment of the Apex Court in Arjun Pradhan and another Vs. State of Orissa : AIR 1979 (SC) 1259, Gotti Pulla Venkete Siva Vs. State of Andhra Pradesh and another : 1970 AIR 1079, Munshi Ram and others Vs. Delhi Administration : 1968 AIR 702, James Martin Vs. State of Kerala : 2004 ( 2) SCC 203 and Lakshmi Singh and others Vs. State of Bihar : AIR 1976 (SC) 2263.
53. Before laying down the abovementioned principles
of right of private defence available under Section 100 of the
IPC, the Supreme Court in case of Darshan Singh (supra) has
noticed a series of judicial precedents including in case of
Laxman Sahu v. State of Orissa reported in 1986 Supp SCC
555, Raghavan Achari v. State of Kerala reported in 1993 Supp
(1) SCC 719, Jagtar Singh v. State of Punjab reported in (2009)
16 SCC 772, Puran Singh v. State of Punjab reported in (1975)
4 SCC 518, Bhagwan Swaroop v. State of M.P. reported in
(1992) 2 SCC 406, Kashmiri Lal v. State of Punjab reported in
(1996) 10 SCC 471, James Martin v. State of Kerala reported in
(2004) 2 SCC 203, Gottipulla Venkatasiva Subbrayanam v.
State of A.P. reported in (1970) 1 SCC 235, Mahabir
Choudhary v. State of Bihar reported in (1996) 5 SCC 107,
Munshi Ram vs. Delhi Admn.