The Hon‟ble Apex Court in the case of Nathiya Vs. State
represented by Inspector of Police, Bagayam Police Station,
Vellore reported in (2017) 1 SCC (Cri.)
79. Tested on the touchstone of the above judicially evolved parameters, defining the quality and content of the circumstantial evidence essential to bring home the guilt of an accused person on a criminal charge, as noted in Nathiya (supra), we arrived at an irresistible conclusion that the prosecution, in the instant case, has failed to meet the standards, i.e. to establish the circumstances of a conclusive nature consistent with only the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused and inconsistent with all reasonable hypothesis of their innocence.
In Nathiya Vs. State represented by Inspector of Police, Bagayam Police Station Vellore (2016) 10 SCC 298, the Hon'ble Apex Court in paragraph 25 has observed as under:-
(47) In cases Nathiya Vs. State (2016) 10 SCC 298, Bhim Singh Vs. State of Uttarakhand (2015) 4 SCC 281 (para 23), Sharad Birdhichand Sarda Vs. State of Maharashtra, (1984) 4 SCC 116 (paras 120 and 121), State of West Bengal Vs. Dipak Halder, (2009) 7 SCC (Three Judge Bench) the Supreme Court has laid down the following principles regarding cases based on circumstantial evidence:
In cases Nathiya Vs. State (2016) 10 SCC 298, Bhim Singh Vs. State of Uttarakhand (2015) 4 SCC 281 (para 23), Sharad Birdhichand Sarda Vs. State of Maharashtra, (1984) 4 SCC 116 (paras 120 and 121), State of West Bengal Vs. Dipak Halder, (2009) 7 SCC (Three Judge Bench) the Supreme Court has laid down the following principles regarding cases based on circumstantial evidence:
In Nathiya Vs. State represented by Inspector of Police, Bagayam Police Station Vellore (2016) 10 SCC 298, the Hon'ble Apex Court in paragraph 25 has observed as under:-
In Nathiya Vs. State represented by Inspector of Police
(supra), it was alleged by the prosecution that there was illicit
relationship between wife of the deceased and her paramour (both
appellant-accused), eventually led to their allegedly killing the
(21 of 22)
[CRLA-293/2011]
deceased. Body of the deceased found floating in a well. The
Hon'ble Apex court has observed that the well is away from
residence of the deceased, for which any definitive presumption
against his wife, as a conspirator of crime, cannot be drawn
without the risk of going wrong to cast a burden on her, as
contemplated under Section 106, Evidence Act. PW-3 Packiammal
stated to have heard shrieks of deceased, followed by a loud
sound of a fall inside the well. There is no evidence that
immediately thereafter, the appellants were seen in the vicinity of
the well. Noticeably, chappals of deceased were found by the side
of the well. PW-4 stated that when dead body was recovered from
the well, both the appellants were present and wife of deceased,
was seen weeping by his side. Hon'ble Apex Court opined that it
would be wholly unsafe to sustain their conviction and acquitted
the appellants giving the benefit of doubt. Due to difference in
facts and circumstances of the case, this is also not of much help
to the appellant.
The said judgment
was again considered by the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of
Nathiya Vs. State represented by Inspector of Police,
Bagayam Police Station, Vellore reported in (2017) 1 SCC
(Cri.) 99, and following adjudication was made by the Hon'ble
Apex Court, which reads as infra:
50. It is settled law that when the case of the prosecution is based on
circumstantial evidence, the incriminating circumstances should be
conclusive in nature and point only towards the guilt of the accused and
incompatible with his innocence. To put it tersely, the circumstances
must show that the accused, in all probability, must have committed the
offence. [See Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra,
(1984) 4 SCC 116 (paragraph 153); Bodhraj @ Bodha and Ors. v.
State of Jammu & Kashmir, (2002) 8 SCC 45 (paragraphs 10 and 11);
Trimukh Maroti Kirkan v. State of Maharashtra, (2006) 10 SCC 681
(paragraph 12); Aftab Ahmad Anasari v. State of Uttaranchal, (2010)
2 SCC 583 (paragraphs 13-15); Prem Singh v. State,
MANU/DE/1341/2016 (paragraphs 46-50); and Nathiya v. State,
Crl.A. 696/2012 & 180/2013 Page 26 of 30
(2016) 10 SCC 298 (paragraphs 25-27)].
22. The legal principle is also summarized and settled in
a subsequent decision of Apex Court in Nathiya v. State
represented by Inspector of Police, Bagayam Police
Station, Vellore [(2016) 10 SCC 298]. In that case, the
body of the deceased was found floating in a well and there
was a failure on the part of prosecution to rule out the
possibility of suicide.